Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
full time Masters of Business Administration to Gujarat Technical University Submitted By: Bhadresh Dangar (NR11037) Saloni Lohia (NR11067) Kiran Patel (NR11108) Ami Sanghavi (NR11128) Karishma Sharma (NR11146) Submitted To: Prof. Juhi Shah Submitted On: 15th November, 2011
Ahmedabad
PREFACE
This is a Film Analysis Project undertaken by us (students of NR Institute of Business Management) under the guidance of Prof. Juhi Shah. The selected movie is AVATAR (2009) a Hollywood movie which deals with varied current and socially burning topics. It discusses hypothetical consequences of increasing demand of energy sources and its depletion, advancement in military weaponry, social issues like Liberty, Exploitation, Cultural Differences and Team Dynamics. Various Theories of Organizational Behavior have been observed from various Contextual Angles and discussed in detail in further analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On the behalf of all the group members this is to acknowledge the support and the guidance of Prof. Juhi Shah (Professor, NRIBM- Ahmedabad) We are grateful to her for providing us the opportunity to undertake this project on Film Analysis (Avatar-2009). Her subject expertise has guided us adequately, without which this project would have not been completed. We have learned various concepts of Organizational Behavior practically, which make us understand those concepts more clearly.
INDEX
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Sr. No. 1 2 3
Topic Movie Details Introduction Critical Analysis And Learning 3.1 Organization and Organization Behavior 3.2 Perception and Attributes 3.3 Values and Attitudes 3.4 Learning and Personality 3.5 Motivation 3.6 Individual Decision Making 3.7 Foundation Of Group Behavior 3.8 Leadership 3.9 Conflicts & Negotiation 3.10 Organization Culture
Pg No. 5 6 8 8 9 11 14 16 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conclusion
Movie Details
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Year of Release: 2009 Director: James Cameron Producers: James Cameron Jon Landau Actors: Sam Worthington as Jake Sully Zoe Saldana as Neytiri Stephan Lang as Colonel Miles Quaritch Michelle Rodriguez as Captain Trudy Chacon Sigourney Weaver as Dr. Grace Augustine Joel David Moore as Dr. Norm Spellman Giovanni Ribisi as Parker Selfridge
introduction
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AVATAR
A Reluctant Hero. An Epic Journey.
The movie starts with Jake Sully who is a combat marine and has been injured in battle. Which renders him a wheelchair bound paraplegic. Jakes twin brother was killed in an experimental accident and bound by the terms of the contract signed by his brother, Jake has to take his place in a project on Pandora (distant planet). Earthlings need a rare mineral found there in order to solve the humans energy crisis. Pandora is a hostile environment for humans. The air is toxic, and the wilderness is filled with prehistoric-like savage beasts. Scientists have taken the DNA from the indigenous Pandorans; humanoids called the Navi, and combined it with human DNA to create Avatars. These avatars can then be controlled by the humans in the quest for the rare mineral. Jake is induced by the evil Colonel Miles Quaritch to infiltrate the Navi in exchange for an operation on his legs. Jake agrees, but he soon finds himself indebted to a beautiful member of the Navi tribe, Nevytri, who saves his life. Also Jake falls in love with Nevytri and is indoctrinated into the tribe, his outlook changes. Jake is not only transformed from an Earthling to a Navi Avatar but also undergoes a Socio-Physiological transformation He wants to remain in his avatar persona and protect the people from the annihilation the Colonel Miles Quaritch has planned. The climax of the plot is the traditional epic battle of good versus evil, where the Navi fights against almost insurmountable odds in an effort to protect their homeland and their culture. The movie has rich characters on both the sides of i.e., Earthians (militia) and the Pandoras Population. The likes of the money-minded project entrepreneur Parker Selfridge, purposeful and determined Colonel Miles Quaritch, and the zoological scientist-cum-botanist Grace. Jakes colleagues- Captain Trudy Chacon with her never-say-die spirit and others who support him through thick and thin have essayed wonderful roles. The Navis culture, their high respect and awe of their deity (the tree Goddess-Mother Eva), its wild flora and fauna populace all
have a mystically yet a surrealistic beautiful persona of their own. The Princess of Navi, the beautiful and brave Neytiri all lend a wonderful charm to the movie. The movie gives out a strong social message to save the planet and the humanity and delivers a brilliant appeal for peace and mutual sustainability.
Organization:
Organization are made with different people come together for achieving the same goals. Here in Avatar in very beginning we see different people are gathering together for achieving the same goal i.e., for obtaining the mineral from the other planet.
This means that the one who wants to be the part of an organization must be capable of fulfilling the organizations goal. Here in the movie too, the one must have to be scientist and have at least some year of experience in the same.
Importance of Groups:
A group work is generally understood as a collectivity of people who have individuals as common work goal and who depend on each other for achieving those goals, the same is seen in Avatar Colonel Miles Quaritch & Parker Selfridge were the main while few others like Jake Sully, Captain Trudy Chacon, Dr. Grace Augustine, Dr. Norm Spellman are dependent on each other for achieving the same goal.
Behaviorism:
A theory that argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.
Jake Sully follows the Behaviorism pattern of action when he is stimulated by the change in circumstances which shockingly motivatates him to lead the Navi people in their fight against injustice.
Halo Effect:
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When one judge an individual on the basis of one single positive characteristic and assume all the characteristics be the same, the same is seen in Avatar as people selects Jake because of only one characteristic that his DNA is as same as his brother.
Stereotyping:
The one judges an individual on the basis of the one class or group to whom he belongs, which is seen in the movie too as Jake was brother of one of their most effective individual Tom so they judged that, as Jake belongs to Toms family he would also be as effective as Tom.
Projection:
Projection is perceivers tendency to assume that others also think and feel the same way as the perceiver does in the given situation, the same is seen in the movie at the time of climax, when there is difference in thoughts of Colonel Miles Quaritch & Parker Selfridge and Jake, which ultimately lead to not achieving their mission.
Selective Perception:
People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests, backgrounds, experiences and attitudes. It is seen in beginning as Jake was belonging to marine and not related to science background, he was not accepted by everybody there.
Pygmalion Effect:
The higher or lower performance of employees reflects preconceived leader expectations about employee capabilities it can be positive or negative. It is seen in Avatar as Jake performs very well for achieving the mission of organization it reflects the attitude of organization towards him.
Attribution theory:
Attribution theory says that it is an attempt to determine whether an individuals behavior is internally or externally caused.
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The Colonel Miles Quaritch was confused about Jakes behavior as depicted in the scene in which he confronts Jake as to why he has become so irregular in reporting to him and mistakenly attributes his decision to be more and more with the Navi people as to be externally caused
Types of Values:
The values are divided into two parts which are described as follows
Terminal
Values:
Terminal values are the desirable end states of existence, the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime. The same is seen in Jake Sully and his followers about the world of beauty, freedom, national security and Self respect
Instrumental
Values:
The instrumental values are preferable modes of behavior or means, of achieving ones terminal values. Various aspects of Instrumental values like Courageous, imaginative, responsible, self control, obedient, intellectual was seen in the movie.
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Long term Orientation is a culture where it attributes and emphasizes about the future, thrift, and persistence, while Short Term Orientation is a culture where it attributes and emphasizes that the past and present, respect for tradition, and also fulfilling social obligation. The Navi people are persistent to ensure that they want to sustain and preserve their future generations and protect their nature and mother Eva which describes a long term Orientation while when torukmatco comes and calls for war all the people are ready to sacrifice their lives and follow him because its their tradition and social obligation which shows Short term Orientation
Attitudes
Attitude reflects an individuals persistent tendency to think, feel and behave towards an object in a particular way involving favor or disfavor.
Components of Attitudes:
There are three components of attitude they are as follows
Cognitive:
Cognitive is the opinion or believe segment of an attitude.
Affective:
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Behavioral refers to an intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something. Various different attitudes are seen in the movie of various characters, two of the main characters are described as under. Jake Sully: His cognition says that his original job is unethical in the sense that it trespasses upon people and their habitats which suggests that if given a chance he has to set things right and the divine signal that he gets by the showering of divine flowers and the healing of his wounds motivates him to act upon it and causes the behavioral components to come into being Colonel Miles Quaritch The cognitive aspect of Colonel Miles Quaritch towards his work is that, Crush it, Kill it, but Any How take it The effective aspect is that he doesnt like being opposed and his plans getting hindered upon facing opposition from Navi people under Jakes leadership, he immediately undertakes a disastrous and a full fledge weaponry attack.
Normative Commitment:
Normative commitment is an obligation to remain with the organization for moral or ethical reasons. Though Jake is forbidden from the Navi organization by Neytiri he still remains loyal to them because he believes in their ideologies.
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Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience is called Learning. Entire transformation from a human being to a Navi is the major learning is in movie
Theories of Learning:
There are various theories of learning and is also noticed in the movie, the theories are as follows
Classical Conditioning:
Classical conditioning is a type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response. It is seen when for the first time when Jake Sully is told the myth of torukmatco he doesnt give importance to it but when he has to prove himself as the leader he starts believing and enacts the myths.
Operant
Conditioning:
Operant Conditioning is a type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment. The Colonel Miles Quaritch uses operant conditioning by telling Jake Sully that if he is the major contributor in the success of the mission he will be rewarded by aiding him to removing his physical disability
Social
Learning:
Social Learning shows that people can learn through observation and direct experience. Jake Sully is trained how to move in the forest, the ways of Navi and many other things by Neytiri, which shows social learning.
Personality:
In general personality is a wide range of individual attributes that distinguish people from one another; it is the enduring and consistent characteristics leading to predictable patterns of behavior in similar ways across situations and settings. Various personalities are observed in the movie at every stage thats from the very beginning till the climax and ending.
Sigmund Freud has made tremendous impact in Psychology. He distributed the psychological approach into three parts
Id:
Id is an important part of our personality because it allows us to get our basic needs met when we are newborns; it represents the untamed, primal forces and desires. The identities of Navis are totally different from human being because they dont have their desires exceeding their wants and necessities.
Super Ego:
Super ego is our moral part that develops with the influence of and sanctions by role models and other significant persons, it represents authority within that tells us does this or dont do thisAnd generally gives judgment calls on what is right or wrong. Jake Sully, the main leader of Pandora and Colonel Miles Quaritch, they all are motivated by super ego.
Ego:
Ego is based on the reality principal, emerges in attempt to balance these often conflicting elements so that the demands of the both are satisfied. Dr. Grace Augustine is example of ego because she balances her thirst for knowledge and also compromises with the unethical practices of her organization.
Personality Determinants:
Personality determinant shows that how an individual behaves differently at different situation. The same is seen in Avatar that personality of each character is determined completely by the situation, different situation motivates people to act differently.
Personality Traits:
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There are various personality traits in Organizational Behavior like Core-Self Evaluation, Locus of Control, Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Self-Esteem, Self-Monitoring, Risk Taking, Type A and Type B personality, Proactive Personality and High Flyers. Some of the Personality traits are seen in the movie such as, Jake Sully was initially motivated by high negative affectivity but through his Personality, Determination, Internal Locus of Control, Self-Monitoring and High Risk taking i.e., Type A personality and High Flyer converts it into High Positive Affectivity.
Motivation
Motivation:
Motivation is a set of energetic forces both within and beyond an individuals being, to initiate work related behavior, and to determine its from, direction, intensity and duration. The main part noted after climax is the motivation, as it may happen that the end without motivation would b completely different and the victory of Navis wont be seen.
Theories of Motivation:
Some of the motivation theories are seen in the movie from the very beginning till the end. The theories which are implemented in Avatar are as follow:
Equity theory:
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Equity theory explains that a self comparison done by an employee serves an effective motivational tool. It describes about various comparisons done by an employee that can within the organization or outside the organization. Different comparisons are as follows. Self Inside Comparison: in the climax of the movie Jake is shown shooting a video logs where he speaks about his comparison between the life which he lead before the Earthians have left and after it. Self-Outside Comparison: The disturbing comparisons made by Jake as a helpless paraplegic outside the capsule as a part of Militia and a self motivated person as a Navi within the capsule. Other-inside: The self assessment done by Jake by comparing himself to the Prince of Navi during the dragon selection process. Other-Outside: The traitor Jakes comparison done by Colonel to the rest of the militia
ERG Theory:
This theory was developed in 1969 by a psychologist Clayton Alderfer. It is also considered as an extension of Maslows Theory. Clayton had given three core groups of needs they are
Existence Need:
Existence need provides our basic material existence requirements. They include Maslows physiological and safety needs.
Relatedness Need:
Relatedness needs are the desire we have to for maintaining important interpersonal relationships, these social and status desires require interaction with others. They include Maslows social need and external component.
Growth Need:
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Growth needs are the intrinsic desire for the Personal Development. They include Maslows Esteem category needs and Self-Actualization. All these aspects are seen in the movie very frequently.
For Eg:
The Navi people (Neytiri, and the leader of Pandora) are participating in the fighting motivated by their Existence Need. Jake is motivated by the Relatedness and the Growth principle of motivation because he first relate and sympathizes with Navi people and then he takes the final decision of permanently staying back at Pandora, motivated by Self Actualization.
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Edwin Locke has developed this theory in late 1960s with the intention to work towards the goals as the major source of work motivation. The goals of an individual tell an employee what to be done and how much efforts are required to meet that goals. This theory describes that Specific goals will increase the performance while when the difficult goals are accepted they results in higher performance than easy goals performance. And also says that when feedback is given it will lead to higher performance. This is seen in movie as when Jake Sully was having the goal of only removing his physical disability (specific goal) his performance was lower but later when he was concerned about Pandora and protecting the Navi (difficult goal) his performance was much much higher than before.
Expectancy Theory:
Victor Vroom has developed this theory in 1964 and this theory is also known as ValenceInstrumentality Expectancy-Theory. Expectancy theory argues that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to an individual. It means that an employee will be motivated to exert a high level of efforts when he believes: His effort will lead to a good performance appraisal, which will lead to organizational rewards and that rewards will satisfy his personal goals. This theory is seen on various characters of the movie few of them are as follows Jake Sully: His efforts were that he tries to coordinate and lead the Navi people, that leads to drive the Earthians away from Pandora and in returns he was able to free Pandora from cruelty and exploitation of Earthians, which shows that his personal goals were satisfied. Nevytri
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Her efforts were that she tries to be brave and help her planet by doing her best, by it she was able to help Jake Sully till the end and in return she was able to free Pandora from cruelty and exploitation of Earthians, which lead to met her personal goals i.e., outsiders were driven out and peace is resorted in her planet again. Colonel Miles Quaritch: His personal efforts were to do everything in his power to extract the mineral and he doesnt give up till his last for getting it, though he was not successful but his efforts matches the goals, his main goal was to do his best and thats what he was able to do.
Groupshift :
Achange in decision risk between the groups decision and the individual decision that members within the group make, either towards conservatism or greater risk. Nevytri when faced with a life threating situation in the battle is on the verge of impulsive confrontation and does not follow the norm of retreat when life is threatened of the group exemplifying groupshift.
The five distinct stages that are seen in the movie are described below: Forming: Jake is first inducted to the Navis habits and lifestyle and the prince, the Priestess etc are accepting an avatar in their social framework. Storming: The Navis and jake face internal conflict and mistrust. Norming: when Jake appraoaches the priestess with a plea to save graces life when she is dying,subsequently they group undergoes norming Performing: both the parties unitedly stand together in the battle and contribute equally Adjorning: the group is adjorned with the accomplishment of the task(i.e driving out the Earthians) and Jake being formally accepted as an Navi.
Leadership Leadership
The ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or a set of goals. Jake exemplifies leadership qualities when he gives an inspirational speech to the assembled Navi gathering and motivates them to fight with a unity
When the Navi have lost all hope and all faith in Jake and are sitting completely despondent they are inspired by a heroic conquest of Torukmacto by Jake and motivates them to fight.
Conflict process:
A conflict process has five stages, they are as mentined below:
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Potential, Opposition or Incompatibility, Cognition and Personalization, Intentions & Behavior Potential, Opposition or Incompatibility (the Colonel Miles Quaritch and Jake are totally incompatible as they have conflicting ideologies) cognition and personalization (their conflict is identified when Jake spends more and more time and energy for the betterment of Navis and the Colonel Miles Quaritch confronts him) Intentions (Jakes intentions become clear when the Colonel Miles Quaritch tells his militia that more and more Navi people are assembling and same is conveyed to Jake it is a competing intention with both the individuals unwilling to give up) Behavior (the decision and the declaration of battle by both the Colonel Miles Quaritch and Jake exemplifies conflict behavior), and out comes (the resultant actual battle that takes place and the driving out of the Earthians are the resultant outcomes)
Conclusion:
From the entire film analysis of the movie AVATAR, it can be concluded that the Organizational dimensions at Individual, Group and Organizational Level are present in almost every sphere of our life, hence the theories of Organizational Behavior are relevant and their study and practical
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applications can yield many positive results and has the power to bring about a drastic change in way which people deal with each other and can make it a better place to live in.
THANK YOU.
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