Temperature controlled Fan speed

Description: Temperature controller can be done by using Electronic circuit, Microprocessor or microcontroller. Now microcontroller is advanced among all above circuits therefore we are using Microcontroller for temperature controlling. In this project, microcontroller 89s51 forms the processing part, which firstly receives data from ADC. ADC receives data fromtemperature sensor. Then microcontroller 89s51 performs the comparison of current temperature and set temperature as per the logic of program for which microcontroller has already been programmed. The result obtained from the above operation is given through output port of 89s51 to LCD display of relevant data and generated pulses as per the logic program which is further fed to the driver circuit to obtain the desired output of ceiling fan.

Block Diagram:

Temperature Sensor Block: The temperature sensed by using LM 35. The output voltage of LM 35 varies in liner proportion with the temperature. The sensitivity of LM 35 is 10 mV/0C. For 1 0C output of LM35 is 10 mV. For 10 0C output of LM35 is 100 mV. ADC Block: ADC means analog to digital converter. The output of signal conditioning is in the analog form. But Microprocessor requires input in digital form for this purpose we have to use ADC. In this project we are using ADC 0808. The reference voltage is +5 V. The resolution of ADC is 20 mV. Therefore for 20 mV output of ADC is (01) H. And for 100 mV output of ADC is (05) H.

Description: The "Temperature Controlled Fan" is designed around the micro-controller. The main blocks of the system are: Micro-controller board: It is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-51. Instruction set and pin out. The on chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, it provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution so many embedded control applications. Output signal from micro-controller 89C51 is weak so we have to amplify that signal. Amplifier block amplifies the signal for driving the final control element i.e. output device. For amplification Transistor BC 547 is used. Output Block: In this project we are using FAN as output device. If temperature is above set point then Fan is ON so that temperature will start to decrease Display Block: In this project we are using 16 X 2 intelligent LCD display to display the college name, temperature set point and very important is temperature of Temperature Controlled Fan. Power Block: For our project we require + 5 Volt, - 5 Volt and +12 Volts supply. +5 Volts and. 5Volts is given to Micro-controller board, Temperature sensor, Signal conditioning, ADC etc. +12 Volts are used to drive the relay. Application and Advantage: 1. This project can be used in Home. 2. This project can be used in Industry. 3. This will help in saving the energy / electicity. Future Development: 1. We can monitor more parameters like humidity, light and at the same time control them 2. We can send this data to a remote location using mobile or internet 3. We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using computer Tags: Agricultural project, Energy saving, Energy saver
Amplifier Block:

Circuit diagram:-

Parts:P1_____________22K Linear Potentiometer (See Notes)

R1_____________15K

@ 20C n.t.c. Thermistor (See Notes)

R2____________100K

1/4W Resistor

R3,R6__________10K

1/4W Resistors

R4,R5__________22K

1/4W Resistors

R7____________100R

1/4W Resistor

R8____________470R

1/4W Resistor

R9_____________33K

4W Resistor

C1_____________10nF

63V Polyester Capacitor

D1________BZX79C18

18V 500mW Zener Diode

D2_________TIC106D

400V 5A SCR

D3-D6_______1N4007

1000V 1A Diodes

Q1,Q2________BC327 Transistor

45V 800mA PNP TransistorsQ3___________BC337

45V 800mA NPN

SK1__________Female Mains socket

PL1__________Male Mains plug & cable

Device purpose:
This circuit adopt a rather old design technique as its purpose is to vary the speed of a fan related to temperature with a minimum parts counting and avoiding the use of special-purpose ICs, often difficult to obtain.

Circuit operation:
R3-R4 and P1-R1 are wired as a Wheatstone bridge in which R3-R4 generate a fixed two-thirds-supply "reference" voltage, P1-R1 generate a temperature-sensitive "variable" voltage, and Q1 is used as a bridge balance detector. P1 is adjusted so that the "reference" and "variable" voltages are equal at a temperature just below the required trigger value, and under this condition Q1 Base and Emitter are at equal voltages and Q1 is cut off. When the R1 temperature goes above this "balance" value the P1-R1 voltage falls below the "reference" value, so Q1 becomes forward biased, pulse-charging C1. This occurs because the whole circuit is supplied by a 100Hz half-wave voltage obtained from mains supply by means of D3-D6 diode bridge without a smoothing capacitor and fixed to 18V by R9 and Zener diode D1. Therefore the 18V supply of the circuit is not true DC but has a rather trapezoidal shape. C1 provides a variable phase-delay pulse-train related to temperature and synchronous with the mains supply "zero voltage" point of each half cycle, thus producing minimal switching RFI from the SCR. Q2 and Q3 form a trigger device, generating a short pulse suitable to drive the SCR.

Notes:

The circuit is designed for 230Vac operation. If your ac mains is rated at about 115V, you can change R9 value to 15K 2W. No other changes are required. Circuit operation can be reversed, i.e. the fan increases its speed as temperature decreases, by simply transposing R1 and P1 positions. This mode of operation is useful in controlling a hot air flux, e.g. using heaters.

Thermistor value is not critical: I tried also 10K and 22K with good results. In this circuit, if R1 and Q1 are not mounted in the same environment, the precise trigger points are subject to slight variation with changes in Q1 temperature, due to the temperature dependence of its BaseEmitter junction characteristics. This circuit is thus not suitable for use in precision applications, unless Q1 and R1 operate at equal temperatures. The temperature / speed-increase ratio can be varied changing C1 value. The lower the C1 value the steeper the temperature / speedincrease ratio curve and vice-versa. Warning! The circuit is connected to 230Vac mains, then some parts in the circuit board are subjected to lethal potential! Avoid touching the circuit when plugged and enclose it in a plastic box.