Kallar (??????) Kallar (??????

), Meaning "Brave People" The Caste who makes the History of Tami lnadu, The Imperial clan is one of the three castes which constitute the Mukkula thor confederacy. "a fearless community show many signs of independence and nonsubmission to any form of subjugation".There are Abundant records pertaining to this clan, where the Peoples ruled from unknown antiquity (Chola, Thondaiman) ti ll the independence of india, The Kallar King Raja Rajagopala Thondaiman (1928 1948) was the only king of Tamilnadu Rulling Pudhukkotai even after independence . Kallars are found largely in Thanjavur (40 % of Tanjavur Population), Trichy, Pudukkottai, Theni, Madurai, Dindigul, Sivagangai, Karur, kanchipuram, and Raman athapuram districts of Tamil Nadu. Mukkulathor (Thevar) Mukkulathor Means Three clans (Kallar, Maravar and Agamudayar) Combinedly called as Thevar (Estimated population 1,30,00,000). Kallar, Maravar and Agamudayar are siblings and the Descendents of the Three cla ns chera, chola and Pandian. Thevar (Derived from Sanskrit Devar) means God earl y days Kings were portrayed as god and called as Thevar. Later the descendents o f Muvenders were called as Thevars. Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar, is the Undisputable Leader of Mukkulathor (From Maravar). Subcaste Kallar Meaning Kallar Means "Brave People", Historians postulate the word Kallar Derived from K alla means Black in Sanscrit and Tamil (???????? ????? ??????????' - ????????} H istorians postulate Dravidians were called by Aryans as Kalla. Kalavar Means People who fight in Kalam(Battlefield), Kalavali Narpathu (????? ? ??????), Tamil literature of the post-Sangam age Praises Kalavar and Kalam. A king Named Pulli was Mentioned as Kallar Kooman Pulli in Purananuru. A pandian King was mentioned as Kallar Perumagan Thennavan A muthiraiyar King was Mentioned as Kallar Kalvan Perumbidugu Muthirayan. Indiran or devendiaran (Devar) also Mentioned as Kalla Thirumal is also stated Mal to meant he is Black In olden days Black Dravidians were stated as Kalla to state their Bravery. Many Historians postulate Kallar Means Black, to state their Bravery and to rela te their the lineage from Chola and Pallava. M.Srinivasa Iyengar (?. ???????????????) N.M Venkataswmy Nattar (?????? ?????? ? ?? ?????????? ???????? ) Vengaswamy Rao (?????????? ????) Dr.Barnal Vinsan A.Smith (??????? ?. ??????) Surnames In Tamilnadu Kallars are called by various Surnames, these names comes to them d

uring various times by the place they have ruled, the place they won in battle o r to state their bravery. There are over 1000 surnames in use. There are no other Castes in Tamilnadu have this many Surnames. Some of the commonly used Surnames are. Paluvettaraiyar, Malayaman, Adigaman, Thevar, Mannaiyar, Rajaliyar, Vallavaraiya r, Thanjaraayar, Pallavaraayar, Vandaiyar, Thondaiman, Etrandaar, Vaanavaraayar, Servai, Amballakkarar, Sethurayar, Soma Naicker, Muniyarayar(Munaiyatriyar), Th ondamar, Mayrkondar, Kallathil Venrar, , Nattar (not Nadar), Cholagar, kumaranda r, Anjathevar, Olivarayar, Sendapiriyar, Alathondamar, Ambalam, Aarsuthiyar, Kaa davaraayar, Kalingarayar, Vandaiyaar, Veeramundar, Sepillaiyar, Vallundar, Chozh angaraayar, Kandiyar, Mazhavaraayar, Kommatti Mootar, Kannakkarar, Irungular, Si ngilaar, Ponnapoondar, Pullavaraayar, Araimeendar, Vairayar, Ponpethiar, Gopalar , Kandapillai, Vayaadiyar, Vanniar, Vallambar, Alankara Priyar, mavaliyar, Keeru dayar, Saaluvar, Manraayar, Onthiriyar, Serumadar, Vambaliar, Thenkondaar, Manko ndaar, etc. Another important Kallar subcaste is the Piramalai Kallar. They are highly conse rvative and have preserved their customs and traditions to the present day. They are also believed to be the oldest inhabitants of the Tamil country with report s of their presence going back to Tamil literary works of the 4th century B.C. T hey are found mainly in the districts of Madurai, Dindigul and Theni. Their popu lar deity is Amman, the Mother Goddess. Other important subcastes are Koothappar Kallars, Periyasuriyur Kallars, Gandarv akoatai Kallars and Esanattu Kallars found largely dominated in Thanjavur, Puduk kottai &Trichy Districts. It is a general practice in Tamil Nadu to address a Thevar woman as "Nachchiyaar " During sangam Thondaiman The kings (Araiyars), were ruling Thondai Nadu, There are Hundreds of records pe rtaining to this dynasty. Thondai in Tamil means Kilay or pirivu, Pallava in San skrit defines the same, so Pallavas or Thondaiman are considered as a offshoot o f Cholas later become an Prominent rulers. Malayaman The kings (Araiyars) ruled Tirukkoyilur during Chola kingdom with the title Mala yaman (which is one of the family name of Kallar community). They were in close relation with Cholas. Sangam literature mentions of Tirumudikari, a Malayaman ch ief who fought alongside Perunarkilli Chola to defeat Cheral Irumporai (Irumpora i Cheras). Vastly, Cholas, Cheras and even Satavahanas controlled the destiny in times. Adigaman The kings were ruling Tagadur, present villupuram district, One of The Four king doms Mentioned in rock-edict of Ashoka. Adigaman Naduman Anji King of Tagadur is Mentioned in rock-edict of Ashoka as Satyaputra Inscriptions found from Villupp uram Proves that stating Adigaman(which is one of the family name of Kallar comm unity). as Satyaputra Adhiyan Neduman Anji intha Pali. Chola (?????) The Chola Dynasty (Tamil:????? ?????) was a Tamil dynasty that ruled primarily i n southern India until the 13th century the other two royal dynastys were Pandia n and Chera. The meaning of chola Is unknown. Chera, chola and pandian are consi

dered as Siblings. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River. Karikala Chola was the most famous among the early Chola kings, while Aditya I, Parantaka I, R ajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola, Kuloth unga Chola and Kulothunga Chola III were notable emperors of the medieval Cholas . Chera, chola and pandian are commonly called as Thevar to mean they are desenden ts of Lord Indra. But specially cholas were called by many Surnames all these su rnames (Mel kondar, Chozangar, Thevar etc.) are now used by Kallars only shows t hat Cholas are from the Royal Kallar community. The Bramanda puranas Puvindra pu ranam and Kalla Kesari Purannam also Mentions the same. Many Archaeologists and Historians Also proves that Cholas are Kallar. Lots of mariages takes place between cholas with Malavarayar, Malayaman, Paluvet taraiyar, Melkondar and Vallavaraiyar. they also belongs to Kallar community. Pallavas (???????) The Pallava kingdom (Tamil: ???????) was an ancient South Indian tamil kingdom. Later they extended their rule to further south and established their capital at Kanchipuram around the 4th century CE. They rose in power during the reign of M ahendravarman I (571 630 CE) and Narasimhavarman I (630 668 CE) and dominated th e Telugu and northern parts of Tamil region for about six hundred years until th e end of the 9th century. The word Pallava means branch in Sanskrit. The word is rendered as Tondaiyar in Tamil language. The Pallava kings at several places ar e called Thondamans or Thondaiyarkon. The territory of the Pallavas was known as Tundaka Visaya or Tundaka Rashtra. The sancrit meaning of pallava is Kilay The tamil Thondai means the same, it proves that pallavas are desendents (Kilay or P irivu) of chola. Pathupattu, one of the sangam literatures, reads that the king Thondaiman Ilandi rayan ruled this town around 2500 years ago. The pallavas are told as the descen dents of Thondaiman Ilandirayan. They were also called by surnames like sethurayar pallavarayar vandarayar, kadur ayar,Vallavarayar,vanathirayar,kaliyarayar etc. all these surnames are used by K allrs only. Proves that Pallavar are Decendents of Chola (Kallar). Petty Kings The Great empires which ruled Tamilnadu were Chera, Chola, Pandian and Pallava, but there were many petty kings and chieftains ruled tamilnadu under chera, chol a, pandiya and pallava. There are lot of records pertaining to this Petty dynasty. Some of the names are seen in Tamil copper-plate inscriptions also. Most of the Kallar surnames also derived from the place they ruled for example T hanjaiarayar (Means King Who ruled Thanjavur), Definition: Thanjai Thanjavur and Arayar Raja King.

Malavarayar(????????), Pallavarayar(??????????), Erraandar(???????????)r, Arasan dar(??????????), Thanjairayar(??????????), Muniarayar, Vallavarayar (?????????? ), Muthurayar, Irunkolar, Brahmarayar, Kodumbalur Rayar, Chiratchiyar, Nattar, D evarayar, Vanathirayar.

Warrior The main occupation of Kallar is Warrior, they were saving Tamilnadu from Aryans and foreign invaders for many Centuries, most of their surnames derived from th eir victory and bravery shown in Battlefield. Some Surnames are, Poril Koluthiyar(??????????????), Kottai Meetar(?????? ????????), Soma Naicker(? ??????????), Kalathil Vendrar (???????? ????????), Jeyam Kondar(????? ????????), Kodi Kondar, Thanai Thalaivar(?????? ??????), Valukkuvelyar, Vijayathevar, Veer akkotaiyar, Valkondar, Ulukkondar, Veerapuliyar, Senathipathi, Viruthurajabayang arar. Tamil copper-plate inscriptions The discovery of Indian copper plate inscriptions provided a relative abundance of new evidence for use in evolving a chronicle of India's elusive history. During chola rule there were many small kings(Araiyar) were Ruling there Respect ive area under Chola.Some of the names are seen in Tamil copper-plate inscriptio ns was also mentioned in Ponniyin Selvan (Tamil historical novel written by Kalk i Krishnamurthy. Paluvettaraiyar (?????????????) Malayaman (????????) Vallavaraiyar (??????????) Muniaraiyar Nilakkilar Kaliyaraiyar Puvaraiyar Velar (??????) Vanataraiyar Thondaiman (??????????) During Vijayanagar Empire The downfall of the Mukkulathors occurred in 1345 with the fall of Vira Pandyan IV and the subsequent conquest of Madurai by the Delhi Sultanate. However, the s outhern territories of the Sultanate soon asserted their independence and the Mu kkulathors recovered under the Vijayanagar Empire and later under the Nayak dyna sty during whose period they served as Polygars or chieftains. The northern parts of Tamilnadu Behind Kongu nadu was called as Kallar Nadu (Tha njavur, Trichy, Pudukkottai and part of Madurai.) and was governed by kallar Pol ygors, Ambalakarar is the most important Peoples. They were a warlike people who strong ly resisted every British attempt to subjugate them. They are found in Madurai a nd Sivaganga districts. In these districts, each village is headed by an Ambalam (president of an assembly) and the Ambalam took upon themselves the power to ad judicate disputes that arose among the inhabitants in the "NADU", belonging to d ifferent castes. They used to hear complaints, hold inquiries and punish the off enders. They wielded considerable powers to intervene in any kind of transaction or transfer of property among the people. No land could be alienated from one m an to another without the permission of the Ambalams. The sur-name "Ambalam"is g iven to them, because of their Administration in their Villages. So they are mos tly called as "Ambalam". Thenpandi Singam by M. Karunanidhi is a book about Ambalakarars and he was also

Awarded "Raja Rajan Award" by Tamil University, Thanjavur for that book and it w as also been taken as a serial in Sun TV, and music composed by Ilaiyaraaja. Notable Reformers Although there are Many Kings, Polygors ,Zamindars and Land lords the main occup ation of kallar is Warrior, hence many Kallar Families struggled for income Duri ng British rule and after independence.. There were many reformers served for th eir Community. Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar (?????? ???????? ?????) - Freedom fighter, social reformer, a descendant of pandiya kings and known for his relationship with Nethaji P. K. Mookayya Thevar (1923 1979) (???????? ????? ) -Founder of the Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar college, President of All India F orward Bloc. H. R. H. Rajagopala Tondaiman, Maharajah of Pudukottai (Thondaiman dynasty of Pu dukkottai) Zamindar Gopalsamy Rajaliar (?????? ????????? ??. ????????? ?????? ???????????) -Philanthropist, President indra kuladibar sangam. N.P. Manicham Errthaandaar.(?????? ??????? ?.??.????????? ???????????) -Founder Mukkalathor Higher Secondary School and Tamilnadu Maanavar illam. Thiru verumbur, Founder Urimai murasu magazine(1954). Chevalier Nadikar Thilagam Sivaji Ganesan (?????? ?????? ?????? ??????) Late Rao Bahadur Sri. A.Veeriya Vandayar (Poondi. Vandayar) G.M.Premkumar Vandayar,(?????? ?????? ?????????? ) -Founder Mooventhar Munnettra Kazhagam G.M. Sridhar Vandayar,(??????? ??????????) -leader of Moovender Munnetra Kazhagam. Kallars in Other Countries Kallars settled in Srilanka and Southeastern Asia who went to war and for studie s and work, made a significant kallar population outside India. Some of the prominent kallars outside India are, S. Thondaman (Savumiamoorthy Thondaman), Uncrowned King of Srilankan Tamils, had served continuously for 21 years in the Sri Lankan Cabinet from 1978. Samy Vellu, Ex-Works Minister, Leader of Malaysian Indian Congress, and the long est serving minister in the Cabinet of Malaysia. Current Status Although a great many of the members are still agriculturalists, many have also progressed up the social ladder as doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs, politician s and civil servants. Large number of people from the community are serving the nation as military men. Large number of people serving the tamilnadu police depa rtment. C