Pin-fuse Joint was developed to resist earthquake forces without permanent deformation. Conventional steel beam-to-column moment connections are welded with the frame beams perpendicular to the columns. Pinfuse joint was developed by u.s. Engineers and patented in 2004.
Pin-fuse Joint was developed to resist earthquake forces without permanent deformation. Conventional steel beam-to-column moment connections are welded with the frame beams perpendicular to the columns. Pinfuse joint was developed by u.s. Engineers and patented in 2004.
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Pin-fuse Joint was developed to resist earthquake forces without permanent deformation. Conventional steel beam-to-column moment connections are welded with the frame beams perpendicular to the columns. Pinfuse joint was developed by u.s. Engineers and patented in 2004.
Direitos autorais:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formatos disponíveis
Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
The Copyright Act 1994 prohibits the sale, letting for hire or copying of this copy. Top: Kobe Quake, Japan, Jan. 17, 1995. Lower left : San Salvador Quake, EI Salvador, Oct. 10, 1986. Lower right: Michoacan Quake, Mexi co, Sept. 19,1985 Pin-Fuse Joint us Patent No. 6,681,538 81 Date of Patent: January 27, 2004 Ensuring life safety in structures during and after a seis- mic event is an architect's and engineer's primary goal. However, the economic viability of structures following the event is crucial to initial business investment deci- sions and long-term business successes. If structures were capable of resisting potentially destructive earth- quake forces while altering their characteristics without permanent deformation, the structure would not only be safe but also economically superior. Structures designed and built in regions of high seismic- ity are conceived with juxtaposing criteria. They must be designed for strength, providing enough resistance to protect life safety and avoid collapse. However, they must be designed economically, using inherent ductility to dissipate energy by means of reasonably sized struc- tural members. Traditionally, structural steel building frames have utilized beam-to-column moment connec- tions that are welded with the frame beams perpendicu- lar to the columns. Beams connected to the face of columns rotate when subjected to racking of the building frame. These beams are designed to protect the column integrity and prevent potential collapse by plastically deforming during frame motion. This deformation, how- ever, likely decreases post-earthquake integrity and eco- nomic viability in the process. Foll owing the 1994 Northridge earthquake in California, designers, academicians, and building owners found the conventionally designed steel beam-to-columns moment connections protected life safety but in many cases resulted in unsuccessful investment because of failed joints (cracked welds, cracked steel sections, etc.) and permanent building deformations. With future perform- ance questionable and repairs difficult, the design and construction industry searched for more reliable solu- tions. Many solutions were proposed and developed. Some patents were awarded. These solutions varied from strongly reinforcing the beam-to-column joint with welded plates to creating slots in the moment-resisting beam webs to reducing the flange sections of the beams at the joint (The "Dogbane"). However, none of these solutions addressed the fundamental behavior issue of eliminating plastic (permanent yielding) deformations. In addition, none addressed the natural rotation require- ments of the joints that must provide resistance as well as must provide a controlled release of energy when forces are excessive. The Pin-Fuse JoinPM allows building movement caused by a seismic event while maintaining structural elasticity after strong ground motion. The joint introduces a circl!- lar-plated end connection for the steel beams framing into the steel or composite columns within a moment- resisting frame. Slip-critical friction-type bolts connect the curved steel end plates. A steel pin or hollow steel pipe in the center of the moment-frame beam provides a well-defined rotation point. Under typical service condi- tions including wind and moderate seismic events, the joint remains fixed where applied forces do not over- come the friction resistance provided between the curved end plates. However, during an extreme event, the joint is designed to rotate around the pin joint, with the slip-critical bolts sliding in long-slotted holes in the curved end plates. With this slip, rotation is allowed, energy dissipated, and "fusing" occurs. The rotation of the Pin-Fuse Joint during extreme seismic events occurs sequentially in designated loca- tions within the frame. As the slip occurs, the building frame is softened. The dynamic characteristics of the frame are altered with a lengthening of the building period, less forces are attracted by the frame; however, no inelastic deformation is realized. After the seismic event, the elastic frame finds its pre-earthquake, natural-cen- tered position. The brass shim located between the curved steel plates provides a predictable coefficient of friction required to determine the onset of slip and enables the bolts to maintain their tension and consequently the clamping force after the earthquake has subsided. 69 Conventional structural steel moment- resisting frame Conventional Beam-to-Column Joint (Pre-Northridge Connection) - Beam flanges fully welded and beam web bolted to column at joint; - limited ductility; - plastic (permanent) deformations expected after medium-level earthquake. 70 Dogbone or Reduced Beam Section ( Post - Northridge Connection) - Beam fully welded to column at joint with partial removal of beam flanges; - good ductility; - plastic (permanent) deformations expected after medium-level earthquake.
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-{).03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.Q1 0.02 0.03 Rolation (in) 4 Stuctural concept for Pin-Fuse Joint'" 2 Specimen testing at Stanford Uni versi ty 3 Frame force diagrams 4 Moment-rotation relati onship graph 75 5 b 76 c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6a 5 The Pin-Fuse Joint"' elastically designed for a 3% rotation at a 475-year seismic event 6 Assembly and construction of the Pin-Fuse Joint n ., System a) Pre-fabricated column and beam units b) Fit-up unit and install brass shims c) Install f l a n g ~ , friction bolts and web pin \ , d) Install mid-span beam spli ce in erected building frame 7 Upwardly rotated position 8 At-rest position 9 Downwardly rotated position 10 The Pin-Fuse Joint " 'model d 7 8 9 77 78 (12) United States Patent Sarkisian (54) SEISMIC STRUCTURAL DEVICE (75) Invenlor: Mark I'. Sarkisian, San Anselmo, CA (US) (73) Assignee: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, New York, NY (US) (.) NOlice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.c. 154(b) by 1 day. (21) App!. No.: 10/200,679 (22) (51) (52) (58) (56) Filed: Jul . 22, 2002 Int. CI. 7 U.S. Cl. E04B 7/00 .... 52/289; 521702; 52/167.1; 52/283; 403/335; 403/337 Field of Scarch ......................... 52/ 167.1,283, 52/289,702,736.2; 403/335,336,337, 338,257,258,83,84,87; 248/250 References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,938,294 A 2/1976 3,974,614 A 8/ 1976 4,041,659 A 8/ 1977 4,054,392 A 10/ 1977 4,091,594 A 5/1978 4,344,716 A 8/1982 4,348,129 A 9/ 1982 4,615,157 A 10/ 1986 4,658,556 A 411987 4,779,484 A 1011988 4,781,003 A 1111988 4,922,667 A 511990 4,928,930 A 511990 5,319,907 A 6/ 1994 5,408,798 A 411995 5,491,941 A 2/1996 5,537,790 A 711996 32 12 Gaburri Strong. McElhoc. 52/743 521573 52/93.1 ...... 403/175 ..... 52/737.2 .................... 403/13 ............ .. . 403/218 Oppenheim Yamashita Sigal .. Confort i Murray. Jenkins. Poe. Rizza .. 52/ 167.4 52/317 74/608 52/396 Kobori et al. ................ 52/167 Chung. 256/67 Nicholas et al. ......... 52/396.05 Hohmann L,ncelot, III . Jackson. Ii. I 52/562 ....... 52/223.9 52/393 26- -11=21 32 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US006681538Bl (10) Patent No.: US 6,681,538 Bl Jan. 27, 2004 (45) Date of Patent: ,I. \ , 5,797,227 A 811998 ' Garla-Tamez ............. 521167. 1 5,875,598 A 311999 Balten el al. 52/396.Ql 6, 101,780 A 8/2000 Kreidl ....................... '52/712 6, 102,627 A 8/2000 Veda el al. ................. 4051255 6, 115,972 A 9/2000 Tamez ....................... 52/167.4 6,185,897 Hl 2/2001 Jollllson el al. ......... 52/583.1 6,237,292 III 5/2001 Ilegcmier el al. .. 521273 6,289,640 Bl 912001 Veda el al. ................ 521167.9 6,324,795 Bl 12/2001 Sliles el al. ................ 52/ 167.4 200110045069 Al 1112001 Conslanlinou ............. 521167.3 2002/ 0184836 Al 1212002 '[;,kclichi el al. * ci ted by examiner Prhnmy Examiner-Carl D. rricdman Assislallf Examhler---Nahid Amiri (74) AgellfJ or Firm-Sonnenschcin, Nalb & Rosenlhal LLP (57) ABSTRACT The present invention is a pin-fuse joint generally utili zed in a beam-to-columnjoint assembly subject to extreme seismic loading. The pin-fuse joint resists bending moments and shears generated by these loads. The joint is comprised of standard structural steel building materials, but may be applied to structures comprised of s tructural steel, reinforced concrete, and or composite materials, e.g., a combination of s tructural steel and reinforced concrete. The bcam-to- column assembly is comprised of a column and a beam and a plate assembly that extends betwcen the column and the beam. TIle platc assembly is we lded to the column and is attached to the beam via the pio-fuse joint. The pin fuse joint is created by a pin connection througb the beam and the connection plates of the plale as.o;;ernbly at the web of the beam. Addilionally, bOlh Ihe plale assembly and Ihe beam have curved flange end connectors that sit flush against one another separated only by a brass shim when the beam and plate assembly arc joined. The curved flange end connectors of the beam and plate assembly arc then secured against one anolher by torqued high-slrenglh bolts. 13 Claims, 7 DJ'3wing Sheets 24 ------Ii. FIG. 26 FIG. 8 / '0 32 36
FIG. 10
24
2
\6 16 14 I: I ;V I ;V I I;V 14 30 I 28 _ :1 I! 22 'i 25 -=- 1!!t - 36 = I FIG, 4 FIG. 5 i
12 32 FIG, FIG. 1 Perspective view of one embodiment of a beam-to-column joint assembly FIG. 2 Exploded front view of beam-to-column joint assembly FIG. 2a Front view of a pipe/pin assembly and web stiffener used to connect the moment-resisting beam to the plate assembly FIG. 3 Exploded top view of beam-to-column joint assembly FIG. 4 Cross sectional view of plate assembly (Fig. 2) taken along line A-A FIG. 5 Cross sectional view of plate assembly (Fig. 2) taken along line B-B 66 FIG. 6 FIG. Ii. I 26
9 FIG. 6 Cross sectional view of moment-resisting beam (Fig. 2) taken along line C-C FIG. 7 Cross sectional view of moment-resisting beam (Fig. 2) taken along line 0-0 " 7 FIG. 8 Front view of one embodiment of beam-to-column joint assembly FIG. 9 Top view of one embodi- ment of beam-to-column joint assembly FIG. 10 Perspective view of beam-to-column joint assembly as it would appear with pin-fuse joint rotated when subject to extreme loading conditions
Dr. Mirvat Bulbul-EnCE335 Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Design According ACI 318-05-Birzeit University, Palestinian جامعة بيرزيت هي جامعة فلسطينية (2011-2012)