EE5369 Sensor Networks Dr.

Frank Lewis

Introduction to Crossbow Mica2 Sensors

Prasanna Ballal Automation & Robotics Research Institute University of Texas at Arlington

What is mica2 ?
Mica2: -processing, -storage -power supply -sending data to base station

Sensing board: -sensing (temperature, light, accelerometer & magnetometer)

Why mica2?
mica2 wireless platform serves as a foundation for various WSN applications. Hundreds of research groups all over the world (including UTA) use mica2 nodes mica2 is created with off-the-shelf hardware mica2 does not require use of predefined protocols (except mica Z)

System architecture
Logical architecture
RF Communication

Power management

Processing

I/O Sub-system

Storage

System architecture

System Architecture
Constraints 4KB RAM 128KB Program Flash Memory >25mA (Tx), <15uA (sleep) at 3.3V 8MHz Microcontroller 19.2Kbps (at 433 or 916MHz) Other exciting details 512KB Measurement Flash 4KB Configuration EEPROM 10bit ADC 3 LEDs 51pin expansion connector Transmission range ~500ft outdoor Runs on 2 AA batteries

Processing sub-system
Functions
Application execution Resource management Peripherial interaction

Processing sub-system
Functions Application Execution Resource Management Peripheral Interaction Atmel AVR ATMEGA128L RISC Architecture 8 bit ALU/data-path 128 Kb FLASH - Code 4 Kb SRAM - Data Multiple peripherals

Details are available in the ATMEGA128L Datasheet

Logical architecture

RF Communication

Power management

Processing

I/O Sub-system

Storage

I/O Sub-System
Functions
Interface with sensing boards Interface with programming boards Program and communicate with other devices

Logical architecture

RF Communication

Power management

Processing

I/O Sub-system

Storage

Secondary storage Sub-System

Functions
stores sensor data logs temporarily holds program images received over the network interface

Logical architecture

RF Communication

Power management

Processing

I/O Sub-system

Storage

Power management Sub-System

Functions
regulate the systems supply voltage

Logical architecture

RF Communication

Power management

Processing

I/O Sub-system

Storage

RF Communication Sub-System
Functions Transmit Receive data packets wirelessly Co-ordinate/Network with other nodes Implementation Radio

Modulation Demodulation Two types of radios: RFM, ChipCon CC1000 RFM: Mica & predecessors CC1000: Mica2 onwards Protocol Processing

AVR

Sensing Sub-System
Functions
Sampling physical signals/phenomena

Different types of sensors

Photo-sensor Acoustic Microphone Magnetometer Accelerometer

Sensor Processor Interface

51 Pin Connector ON-OFF switches for individual sensors Multiple data channels

Other sensor boards

Ultrasonic transceiver Localization

Used for ranging Up to 2.5m range 6cm accuracy Dedicated microprocessor 25kHz element

Basic Sensor board

Light (Photo), Temperature, Acceleration, Magnetometer, Microphone, Tone Detector, Sound

References
www.xbow.com www.tinyos.net Datasheets: Atmel 128l, Atmel 103l, Maxim 1678, RM 4041, DS1804, TR1000, CC1000, CC2420