Pe wwe) Refrigeration Education and Training Program LToR PAU kei Module 4 - Compressors CeBasic Ammonia Refrigeration Module 4 - Compressors Lesson 1 Tn previous modules we learned about some of the major components that make up industrial refeigeration systems, Mose industrial systems (Fig. 1) havea receiver that contains a supply of liquid ammonia necestary co operate che sytem ‘when needed upon demand, eed | Sone Liquid ammonia flows from the King valve reefer through a King valve and : 1 provers pouucion dovion r s=Lich in this cae isan expansion Salve lansieaeal, Ariceaaee ered through the valve, the pressure and temperature of the ammonia oonareniallaly lie ‘A pump moves the cold ammonia from the vesel and through a metering valve into an evaporator where dhe liquid ammonia eonverss toa vapor as ie absorbs heat. The ammonia vapor is drawn through dhe vessel fiom the evaporator by a compressor. The compresior increases the pressure and temperature of the ammonia vapor and delivers i co a condenser. In the condenser, the ammonia vapor rejects the heat picked up as ic passed through the evaporator and compressor. As the ammonia reftigeran rejects heat, it condenses and returns to aliquid. The liquid ammonia flows out ofthe condenser and collets in che high pressure receiver where it’s held for teuse in the system. In this module, dhe focus is on compressors. There are three different compressors commonly found in ammonia refrigeration systems 1) reciprocating compressor (Fig. 2) 2) rotary vane compressor (Fig. 3) 3) screw compressor (Fig, 4). generally “open” compressors, either bele driven or disect drive. An open compressor has a drive shaft that extends outside of the compressor and connects directly or indirectly to a driver, such as a motor, turbine of engine. ering volve ce Fig. 3 Module 4 1[No matter what type of compressor i used in a system, it performs two basic asks 1) "providing the force that moves ammonia through the system a 2)_ creating the pressure difference between the low” Side and the high side ofthe system. ‘An increase in the pressure and temperature, caused by a compressor, is essential co a refrigeration process. If cis, process does not take place, che ammonia would be unable to reject the heat in a condenser chat was picked up in the evaporator. By drawing the ammonia vapor from an evaporator, the compressor controls pressure and maintains the desired boiling temperature in the evaporator. Ifthe ammonia vapor is not removed from the evaporator by the comprestor, pressure will build up in the evaporator, preventing it from operating, at che desired temperacure, ‘The process of compressing the ammonia vapor elevates vapor temperature. ‘An increase in pressure and temperature results from the “work” of compression, allowing the ammonia to reject heat as it passes through the condenser. To Review: © Three different compresors commonly found in ammonia refigs systenss at: 1) reciprocating compressor 2) rotary vane compressor 3) screw compressor © Reciprocating, rotary vane and screw compressors are generally “open” ‘compressors and are either belt driven or ditect drive. © An open compressor has a driveshaft that extends outside ofthe compressor, connecting directly or indireedy to a driver such a5 2 motor, turbine or engine. © Compressors. perform two basic tasks: 1) providing the force that moves ammonia through the system 2) creating the pressure difference beeween the low side and the high side of the system. © The increase in the pressure and temperarure caused by the compressor is cssential to the refrigeration process. Without an increase in pressure and temperature the ammonia would be unable co reject the heat in the condenser that was picked up inthe evaporator. © The compressor control the presse and mains the dese bling temperature in the evaporator by drawing he ammonia vapor from the apa ‘ex. © The increase in pressute and temperature, produced by the compressor, results from the “work” of compression, 2 Module 4