AMOUD

MAGAZINE OF MEDICINE
Volume 1, Issue 1

11/04/2012 Wednesday
ently. Since the opening of the program. it has attracted many applicants and is becoming quite popular at Amoud university. Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Nurses make up the largest workforce within the clinical healthcare Industry.

kind(nursing degree program) in Somaliland. . The aim of the nursing program is to prepare nurses with strong knowledge base prof.Faadumo Haji Abokor in order to provide high quality care to indi chalmoud university has lenges facing the opened a historic pro- healthcare system of gram in 2006 ,one of Somaliland. 42 nurses themost needy and rewarding have graduated so far careers in the healthcare sysand about 84 student tem. nurses are enrolled presThis program is the first of its

Amoud university school of nursing

Choosing nursing as a career

Before discussing nursing careers in general, one must first know what nursing itself is! The ANA (American Nurses Association) defines nursing as:

See page 2...

REAL MISFORTUNE OF LIFE: POVERTY, PAIN AND IGNORANCE

lonely mountain slopes. All because ugliness and the awful smell of her decayed nostril caused by the illness, she had no choice but to live in isolation until the day she decided hopelessly to lose herself then she fell under the sacred hands A/rahman Ahmed Muhummad of a young doctor and two medical students who solved In a life of a poverty and her problem and she saw a ignorance, when everyone she encounter made expres- new light See page 5 sions that humiliated her in Aisha hid herself on the

Letter from the Editor

Dear students and instructors ! e are happy to welcome you to the first issue of amoud magazine of medicine. Infact there are many newsletters published in our country, somaliland, which cover various aspects of issues Muhammad Omer Warsame and concerns, such as

See page 4.

Suicide and Boramaicide

DARAYMANS SUCCESS BREEDS ANOTHER SUCCESS

moud medical school was established with the basic aim of producing faithful health workers who have have better understanding of the health challenges of the rural areas and would be more willing to work in the villages so that everyone will get the

Aidarous Elmi Yousuf

Save your community from the death before death by Cadaawe.

Dr.A/Aziz Idiris Walhad

Follow the following issue to read this intresting article.

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Amoud university).

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have the type of personality and drive to deal with serious issues on a regular basis.

Nursing careers offer a wide variety of roles and a broad scope of responsibility. There are many different types of nurses, and several different ways to obtain nursing careers. Nurses work closely with physicians as an integral part of the patient health care team. The doctor makes some key decisions about the diagnosis, treatment, and medication, and it is the nurses role to administer that care on an ongoing basis to ensure successful recuperation of the patient. Because they may actually spend more face-toface time with a patient than doctors, nurses must be particularly adept at interacting with patients, putting them at ease, and assisting them in their recovery, and overall well-being.

Where to Work as a Nurse:

Just about anywhere doctors work, nurses do too, including but not limited to hospitals, doctors offices, clinics, emergency rooms, intensive care, government agencies, corporations, and more. In fact, nurses also work in other areas where physicians typically do not, including home health, and schools. over half of all nurses work in hospitals.

Responsibilities & Work Schedule for Nursing Careers:

Nurses are involved with nearly all aspects of a patients care, from providing comfort and hygiene to administering injections and IVs, updating medical records, as well as minor therapeutic and diagnostic procedures and processes. Schedules and duties vary based on the type and level of nursing role. Surgical nurses assist in the OR with equipment and supplies from pre-surgical prep, to post-operative care. Nurses can be generalists or obtain Masters degrees and additional certifications to specialize in a specific area such as pediatric, cardiac, neonatology, oncology, education, or just about any medical specialty Although there are many different types of nursing careers, each with a different set of responsibilities, there is one primary consistency among all nurses of any type, which is the nursing process, according to the ANA. The nursing process outlines how a nurse approaches each patient encounter, and includes five steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and eva luation.

Education, Training, & Certification for Nursing Careers:

Internationally, there are three educational paths to becoming a nurse. A diploma from an accredited nursing program or hospital, an associates degree in nursing (ADN a two-year program), or a bachelors degree (Bachelor of Science in Nursing, or BSN). Finally, before becoming licensed and practicing as a nurse, one must pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN), or for Practical Nurses (NCLEXPN) in most countries of the world. In Somaliland , there are two educational paths to becoming a nurse. Adiploma from an accredited nursing program ( at Edna hospital, Health Institute of Hargeisa, soul health institute and Burao Health institute), and a Bachelors degree(Bachlors of Science of nursing at

focus these advanced studies in a particular medical specialty, in which they obtain a deeper level of knowledge and experience, whether it be cancer nursing, anesthesiology, pediatrics, etc. Advanced Practice Nurses are some of the highest paying nurses, and include Clinical Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA), which are the most advanced of all nurses, Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS) and Nurse Practitioners (NP). Whats to Like about nursing career: As with many careers in the healthcare industry, nursing offers very high job stability, as well as a wide variety of options in terms of schedules, locations, and levels of responsibility. Also, many nurses like the rewarding nature of nursing work, which allows them to truly impact the lives of others who are most in need of assistance. Also, nursing can be very lucrative especially if you move into more specialized roles or move up into leadership and management roles. Whats

Nursing may be for you if: If you love helping others,

you are truly passionate about the human spirit, and really want to make a difference in the lives of others. If you are very hard-working, have an excellent attention to detail with matters, and are able to analyze data in addition to behavioural cues, nursing may be a viable option for you. Prof.Fadumo Xaji Abubakar Dean faculty of nursing Amoud university, Borama, Awdal region, Somaliland

The Silent Killer:

Not to Like nursing car e e r :

Due to a shortage of nurses, burn-out can be an issue, caused by stressful hours, and being stretched too thin. Also, keep in mind that as a nurse, you may be working during the hours of the week when your friends and family are off work. As a nurse you may be working nights, and weekends, so even if you have a regular 40-hour workweek, you may not see much of your family at times, if they are on different schedules such as a 9 to 5 Monday through Friday situation. Also, depending on what type of nurse you become, you could be dealing with very sick people, and their families who are under stress, so you must
Mohamoud A/lahi Muhammad

One of The Most Common Cases In Daray Maane:

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses:

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) are those who have fulfilled the general RN requirements, and then continue on to study at the Masters level or beyond. APRN's will typically

As a medical students we go to daray maane, which is about five kilometres to north-east of Borama town, where medical students attend each Thursday to help and be practice for students.So there are some common cases in that area as we go through patients,
See page 3

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take long to see a difference. 3. Eat a healthy diet: Eating a diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and skimps on saturated fat and cholesterol can lower your blood pressure by up to 14 mm Hg. 4. Reduce sodium in your diet; Even a small reduction in the sodium in your diet can reduce blood pressure by 2 to 8 mm Hg. 6. Avoid tobacco products and secondhand smoke: On top of all the other dangers of smoking, the nicotine in tobacco products can raise your blood pressure by 10 mm Hg or more for up to an hour after you smoke. Smoking throughout the day means your blood pressure may remain constantly high. 7. Cut back on caffeineThe role caffeine plays in blood pressure is still debatable. Drinking caffeinated beverages can temporarily cause a spike in your blood pressure, but it's unclear whether the effect is temporary or long lasting. can eliminate or reduce stress. blood pressure with an upper arm monitor can help motivate you. Talk to your doctor about home monitoring before getting started. By; Mohamoud A/lahi Muhammad.

The Silent ...

you see something frequent between patients, thus I determined to write a small article about HYPERTENTION which is very common in daray maane as well as in the community, moreover this article will be an introduction for a research about hypertension which will be carried. HIGH BP/ HYPERTENTION: Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of arteries. Blood pressure rises and falls throughout the day. When blood pressure stays elevated over time, its called high blood pressure. Hypertension results from two major factors, which can be present independently or together: The heart pumps blood with excessive force. The body's smaller blood vessels (known as the arterioles) narrow, so that blood flow exerts more pressure against the vessels' walls. What is normal blood pressure? Normal blood pressure is generally below 120/80 (onetwenty over eighty). 120 represents the systolic measurement and 80 represents the diastolic measurement. Desirable blood pressure is: Sistolic - from 90 to 119 Diastolic - from 60 to 79 High or elevated blood pressure (hypertension): Prehypertension - this is when the reading is between 120/80 and 139/89.

Hypertension - this is when portant preventable risk the reading is at least 140/90. factor for premature death worldwide. It increases the RISK FACTORS: risk of ischemic heart disHigh blood pressure has ease strokes, disease, and many risk factors, including: other cardiovascular disAge, Race, Family hiseases, including heart failtory,Being overweight or ure, aortic aneurysms, difobese, Not being physically fuse atherosclerosis, and active, Using tobacco or pulmonary embolism. HyDrinking too much alcohol pertension is also a risk or qaat, Too much salt factor for cognitive im(sodium) in your diet,Too pairment and dementia, little potassium in your and chronic kidney disdiet, Too little vitamin D in ease. Other complications your diet, Stress, and Cer- include: Hypertensive retitain chronic conditions. nopathy, Hypertensive Symptoms: nephropathy Hypertension has aptly been called the "silent killer" be- MANAGMENT AND cause it usually produces no PREVENTION OF symptoms. Untreated hyper- HIGH BP: tension increases slowly over There are several ways the years. Everyone 18 years you can control your high and older should have their BP without prescription of blood pressure measured on medications. It is better to a regular basis. It is particu- learn and try these ways larly important for anyone rather taking medications with risk factors to have their early as you see. blood pressure checked regularly and to make appropriate lifestyle changes. Such rec- 10 ways to control ommendations are especially high blood pressure important for individuals who have prehypertension or without medication hypertension, a family his1. Lose extra pounds tory of hypertension, are and watch your waistoverweight, or are over age line: Blood pressure often 40. People with uncontrolled increases as weight inhypertension or a history of creases. Losing just 10 heart failure are at increased pounds can help reduce risk for this crisis. your blood pressure. In People should call a doctor general, the more weight immediately if these sympyou lose, the lower your toms occur: blood pressure. Drowsiness 2. Exercise regularly: Confusion Regular physical activity Headache at least 30 to 60 min Nausea utes most days of the Loss of vision week can lower your Respiratory distress blood pressure by 4 to 9 (difficulty breathing) millimeters of mercury Complications: (mm Hg). And it doesn't Hypertension is the most im-

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synaptic storage.

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mouth in the lower distal muSave your community from cobuccal fold and are chewed during social-cultural gatherthe death before death: ings, creating a noticeable pouch, where the duration of chewing may usually last up to several hours at a time, and subsequent release of psychoactive agents. Oral diseases reportedly associated with qat chewing include periodontitis, oral leukoplakia, temporo-mandibular joint dislocation and xerostomia and oral cancer. Qat (khat, miraa, cathine, cathinone) is a greenAdem(cadaawe) Elmi Adem leaved plant that has been chewed for its stimulant effect for centuries. The most active In, southern Arabia and Eastern Africa (Somali ingredients of qat are alkaterritory), qat chewing is a loids such as cathinone and cathine. Cathinone is the main widely practised sociopsychoactive constituent of cultural habit. Qat leaves are generally placed in the qat, and has a similar action to amphetamine, inducing the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, from pre-

Letter from the...

icrobial activity of qat extracts against a panel of oral microorganism and Systemic effect of the qat tested their ability to modSystemic effects of qat use ify bacterial resistance to involve the cardiovascular tetracycline and penicillin system, central nervous in vitro. Chemical pestisystem, digestive and genicides are often used during tourinary systems. These the cultivation of qat and include: hypertension, there is evidence that tachycardia, anorexia, inthese may also cause adsomnia, euphoria, loss of verse effects in chewers, appetite, gastrointestinal please try to encourage disturbances, sperm inconyour honourable family tinence and weak stream of from the catastrophe. The micturition. From a pharma- effect that accounts for the cological perspective, qat popularity of qat is its cenhas been shown to affect tral nervous system stimuthe bioavailability of widely lation, believed to be inprescribed antibiotics; such duced by cathinone, an acas amoxicillin.most of the tive ingredient of qat doctors recommended that leaves. the antibiotics in question should not be taken within See page 9 two hours of qat chewing. A laboratory based study has also assessed the antim-

politics, business etc. So why is yet a magazine on the topic of medicine needed? The initial idea of Amoud magazine of medicine was born as a result of our frustration with information provided in the existing newsletter publications in the country. YES there are many but The

and humanity in general and what we can do for our peaple and country particularly. We found that its shame on us, amoud medical students, not to have a single peace of paper to write down our observations and reports while we are taking some courses concerning medical research, truth is that in spite of the community medicine and goenormous number that exist ing for community field studthe majority accounts for ies almost every weak, . It's unfortunate that there is nothing of political issues . but one can say there are so many this kind of material available to us. Another point which made us journals and magazines published in the worldwide more frustrated was the fact containing every topic you that there are some students need and we say yes there who are gifted but dont have where to exhibit their talents. are many but we want to contribute from our parts. So one of the major objectives We dont have to ask our launched for this magazine is to provide grounds for those who selves what the world can need to left behind good footgive us but we have to ask prints. We cant change what is ourselves what we can gone wrong and what we havent contribute to the world done in the past but we can de-

cide what we can do now and than. It is our choice and this

choice will reflect out our footprints on the sands of time. So lets us challenge our selves and do the wright things togheter. We are very committed to maintain the publication of this magazine but we want to share this commitment with the students whom we respect. We encourage you to contribute from your side and make great participation by sending us high-standard articles. We recognize that we are now in the information age and people read easily when the information is presented world wide web pages. This is why we plan for our magazine to always remain on the cutting edge of 21stcentury information sharing. Accordingly,

Accordingly, We will launch a website specific for our magazine as soon as possiple to increase greatly increase the practical value of our publication For the moment, the amoud magazine of medecine will be published every two months. So If you are an author and would like to submit an article for publication in our magazine, please feel free to contact us. The amoud magazineof medicine will not be just one which is constricted by only one class or group.we welcome you to join us and to become part of us Muhammad Omar Warsame. The chief editor

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Ethiopia to undergo a nasal surgery, flowing the doctors advice. It was a serious decision for both Asha and her husband. In Addis Ababa at first Asha went through biopsy test at Duqra-base hospital and week later she got a negative result. After that she had the nasal operation and the doctor, who carried out the operation succeeded to romove the diseased cells from Ashas nostrils, and after another thirteen days he told Asha that she could How to motivate your self

REAL MISFORTUNE OF LIFE.

This poor rural lady from fadhihun village visited the Allaale hospital of Borama for medical help from a nasal illness. She registered her name as Aisha H.Farah. She was 25 year old, married and left her husband back in home with five young children to look after while she was away to the city, seeking treatment for nasal mass , an illness shes been suffering. Aisha wasnt good-looking person, instead she was physically weak and had the look of someone living under hard conditions: her slender body, the rough expressions on her face and her clothing all showed the signs of poverty and wretchedness of the life in the drought devastated rural areas. And by the time of her arrival her nose was big swollen which altered her appearance and she was complaining about a severe pain in the nose and head, that prevented her from proper sleep, eating and many other important activities for human life, all of which were visible in her weary eyes, After careful examination of her illness, the doctors told this poor lady that they cant help her due to the lack of the necessary medical instruments, in order to carry out the nasal operation, which as the doctors said, was the only solution for her illness, and they advised her to go to the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa. But the thought of going to Addis Ababa wasnt easy and in respect to Aishas economic situation was impossible. She couldnt afford the journey that would take thousands of kms and the life in addis ababa . this was bad time in her life and there was the famine caused by the prolonged droughts when Asha and her husband had lost all their animals; All their goats, and sheep were died for hunger and thirsty and during consecutive rainless season. Only two of the camels survived for the family to depend

on life and for the hope of future rearing. How could Aisha afford going to Addis Ababa when her five children were malnourished and in danger of death . knowing the poverty in her own family, Asha asked the doctor if there could be any alternative to his idea which dismayed her hopes? but the doctor had no choice. the limited economy and lack of support chained him but , being a doctor to help people like her from the illness would make him happier and as she talked to him about her situation he felt helpless and disheartened by his powerlessness to do anything. Then she walked out of the hospital cursing the life in the country , because she lacked the sense of belonginess to a nation that would contribute to the hospitals for the sake of the poor. In spite of that she felt that she had no one to depend on help in the distressed times.with dying hopes, poor Asha left for home next day to discuss the matter with her husband. Upon hearing the doctors news Ashas husband faced a dilemma of choice between his hopes and the doctors advice. He hasesitated for a days and prayed for Aishas health, because all has was two camels which he trusted all hopes of life,but things got worse on the part of her illness. And then he took her to a tradionional doctors and that also ended in failure and she grew weaker each day . realizing that his wife wouldnt survive without him being done something to help, at last Ashas husband decided against his hopes, because her health was more important for him and for the children, than anything else in life, there fore, he sold the last of his shecamels and sent his wife to

go home believing everything was oki. he was unaware that something dangerous has been left deep in her nostrils by his nurses, meanwhile aisha, acted on his advice, and came home feeling much better. It was an accident which, later carried her life to hell, on earth

To be continued. By; A/rahman Ahmed Muhumed. 3rd year medical student.

1. Have a cause

I cant think of a more powerful source of motivation than a cause you care about. Such cause can inspire you to give your best even in the face of difficulties. It can make you do the seemingly impossible things. While other causes could inspire you temporarily, a cause that matters to you People who are unable to motivate themselves must be can inspire you indeficontent with mediocrity, no nitely. Its a spring of matter how impressive their motivation that will never dry. Whenever you other talents. think that you run out of Andrew Carnegie motivation, you can alIf you want to excel in life, ways come to your cause self motivation is essential. You must know how to moti- to get a fresh dose of motivation . vate yourself. You must be able to keep your spirit high 2. Have a dream. A no matter how discouraging a big dream. situation is. Thats the only Only as high as I reach way to get the power you can I grow, only as far as need to overcome difficulI seek can I go, only as ties. Those who are discour- deep as I look can I see, aged in difficult times are only as much as I dream certain to lose even before can I be. the battle is over. Karen Ravn The question is: how do you Your cause is a powerful motivate yourself? Here are source of motivation but several tips Ive found to be its still abstract in naeffective to build self motiva- ture. tion: See page 6

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6. Let go of the past
Finish each day and be done with it. You have done what you could. Ralph Waldo Emerson Believe it or not, one of the best demotivators is your past. Your past can drag you down before you realize it. Your past can give you a heavy burden on your shoulders. The good news is its a burden you dont have to carry. Take it off your shoulder and leave it. You might make mistakes in the past. You might disappoint others with what you did. But its over. Its already in the past and theres nothing you can do about it. Today is a new day and you have the chance to start again. No matter how bad your past might be, you still have a bright future ahead waiting for you. Just dont let the burden of the past stop you. Apply these tips and motivate yourself. Dont settle for mediocrity. Let your self motivation take you to excellence.

swimmer with a runner using the same time standard. They are different so how How to Motivate. can you compare one with the other? nature. You need to make it cases, hunger makes the dif- The only competitor you concrete in the form of a ference between the best have is yourself. The only dream. Imagine how the world performers and the mediocre one you need to beat is you. will be in the future. Imagine ones. Have you become the best how people will live and work. How can you have hunger? you can be? Having a dream is important Your cause and your dream 5. Take one more step because its difficult to be mo- play a big role here. If you tivated if you dont have any- have a cause you care about Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courthing to shoot for. Just think and a big dream related to it, age to continue that counts. about people who play basket- you should have the hunger ball. Will they be motivated to inside of you. If you think Winston Churchill When you meet obstacles play if there is no basket to that you are losing hunger, along the way, there could aim at? I dont think so. They all you need to do is to conneed a goal. You need a goal. nect again to your cause and be the tendency to quit. Thats what your dream is for. dream. Let them inspire you You may think that its too But just having a dream is in- and bring the hunger back. difficult to move on. You may think that your dream sufficient. Your dream must be 4. Run your own race is impossible to achieve. big enough to inspire you. It I do not try to dance better But this is where you can must be realistic but challengthan anyone else. I only try see the difference between ing. It must stretch your ability to dance better than myself. winners and losers. Though beyond your comfort zone. Mikhail Baryshnikov both of them face the same 3. Be hungry Comparing yourself with difficulties, there is one Wanting something is not others is an effective way to thing that makes the winenough. You must hunger for demotivate yourself. Even if ners different: the courage it. Your motivation must be you start with enthusiasm, to continue. absolutely compelling in order you will soon lose your enIn difficult situations, just to overcome the obstacles that ergy when you compare focus on taking one more will invariably come your way. yourself with others. step forward. Dont think Les Brown Dont let that happen to you. about how to complete the To be truly motivated, you You have your own race so race. Dont think about need to have hunger and not how other people perform is how many more obstacles just desire. Having mere desire irrelevant. Comparing yourare waiting for you. Just wont take you through diffiself with others is like com- focus on taking the next cult times since you dont want paring the performance of a step. things badly enough. In many
DARAYMANS SUCCESS ...

The pen of: Karama Kahin

tion is made and all the families in the village are distributed to the medical students. Each student gets the responsibility of at least 2-3 families with the lead of one senior and junior medical student. The clinical placement of medical students starts in their third year of school. The village is divided into four sectors named sector 10, sector 9, sector school, sector 5, and sector Jawaanley.

the very basic health care he/ she is entitled to as a human being. The medical school has chosen Daraymaane as a study site where communities are served and research activities are carried out. Daraymaane is a small village which is located about 5 km northeast of Borama. This site was preferred over the other

because of its proximity of Borama town. Majority of the community in the village are mainly farmers who make their living out of farming. They live under low hygienic conditions and most of the people living in Daraymaane are affected by waterborne, food borne diseases and endemic tropical diseases. This project started on 14th January 2005. This was the first time for medical students to be

assigned a site where they will practice what they have been taught and give back knowledge for the betterment of their people. The project is community based health program aimed at addressing and improving the health status of the community in the village. For every medical student to feel the responsibility of being RESPONSBILE for the very first time in his/her life to a human being, job distribu-

Eeg Bogga 7 See page 7

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dents to start going to Sh. Osman area which is located the western part of Borama. This time, the choice is different not only because Sh. Osman area is closer than Daraymane but it is one of the neighborhoods of Borama. It is not more than 20 minutes walk from Borama to Sh. Osman. The purpose was based on comparing the health standards of both populations. Because Daraymane population could not have access to health service for medical emergencies due to their remoteness and lack of transportation, where as Sh. Osman population have that access. We are then so lucky to start dealing with the population before we truly become doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, radiologists, laboratory technicians, and this is what we are doing right now. We are hoping that Sh. Osman will bring another magic and outstanding result of health to the community, so that we can fuel from this to expand our health service to the whole regions of Somaliland. May we have that inspiration and affection to medicine in life-long ! Hence, the sustained commitment, enthusiasm and tireless effort of Amoud medical students will remain unchanged until their people obtain the best health service possible at home. By;Aidrous Elmi Yousuf

Medical students visit the village every Thursday which is once a week and each students goes to the sector he/she is supposed to go in order to follow up to the family he/she is attached to. During these visits, students stay with their families, guide them for promotive, preventive and curative health: promotion of the health of the communities, treating sick people, giving health education about disposal of wastes, health sanitation, and methods of preventing communicable disease. We, as medical students carried out many vaccination program which are proved successful. The success of vaccination in Daraymaane was noticed when march 2nd, 2012 was seen the first case of measles in Borama General Hospital and then an outbreak of measles followed with multiple measles scenario admission to BGH where as there were no one measles case reported from Daraymaane. That health triumph of that community goes back to the commitment of Amoud medical school in general and the students whose medical proficiency proved efficient in specific. It is more striking to know that the health service delivered to the village community is free of charge including: Admission, treatments, and investigations such as laboratory, images (ultrasound, radiography,) in the teaching hospitals

Each family member has an ID-card with his/her photo attached. This will help him/her to seek health service from Borama General Hospital for free of charge when hospital admissions become necessary. Daraymane community had bizarre conception about the students activities the same way as the average people in Borama had in the very beginning raising doubts about the possibility of generating home grown doctors. For some the possibility of producing local doctors were in illusion, for , for others it was a goal and a dream they were praying and sticking their stance to make it come true and they did. However, with the commitment, persistence and patience of the medical students had really made possible what seemed for many to impossible Moreover, to win the hearts and minds of the community, students made contribution for the communitys health care and that led to win the trust of Daraymane population. The success of Daraymaane village brought the idea of expanding the health service to other sites and SH. Osman area become the next target for health intervention and another study site for the students. This move was extraordinary welcomed by the neighborhoods of Sh. Osman. December 10th, 2008 was the first official day for medical stu-

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waxay duunyo haysteen intay qaad dumaayiyo durujaa ku ruugeen dawakhdaye dhaqaaqdaay, inta daaradoodiyo docdii raasaskoodiyo degelkay ku beermeen ama daradhigoodii madaafiic dayaantiyo hubka diririg leeyiyo dabka uga horbaydhaay duuduubka wadareed waxa oosha kala dilay dadka wada jirkiisii ama dumiyey qarankii iyo dawladnimadii isku duubnidiinii dusha sare ka may iman waxse loogu dawgalay ama daadka soo rogay dhiigii la daadshiyo dulmigiyo xadgudubkii hala kala daraadee lagu xidhey dameeraha . dulucdiyo ujeedada waxay doodu leedahay hadaan aqalka daahiyo Qotin iyo dabxeeriyo lagu meerin dayr adag miyuu dayra dhaafkiyo roobkiyo daroortiyo celiyaa dabaylaha? Miyuu awrku doobyaa Hadaan geelba lagu darin Miyuu farasku dananaa Hadaan dixi lamayricin Miyaa geesi diriraa Degelkiyo rugtiisii Hadaan dugaydu yeedhayn Ama ruux ku dayanayn? Ceelkii daluuniyo Dawdheerta meesh ah Weelkii la darayiyo Hadaan dawlis loo hayn Darandoori loo shubin Miyaa maal dardugayaa Ama dib u rakaataa? Dulucdiyo ujeedada Waxay doodu leedahay Hadaad doobabkiiniyo Dhakhtarkiyo digtoorkiyo Ninka raga daguugtaan Miyaa habar dugaagiyo Daayeerka dhaantaan ? Dulucdiyo ujeedada Waxay doodu leedahay Hadaa duubcastiiniyo Daraawiishta laysaan Marka nacab ku daakhillo Ama daawad lala tago Yaa geli dagaalkoo Duulaanka yaa hanan Ama yaa difaac noqon ? Dulucdiyo ujeedada Waxay doodu leedahay Miyaa qoom la doorshaa Ilaa ay digniintiyo Diidaan shareecada ? Dulucdiyo ujeedada Waxay doodu leehay Hadiiyaa dadweynow Sidii duulkii nebi nuux Rabigeen u soo diray Doociina maqalkiyo Dareenkiina aragtida Labadaba dabooshaan Marka diinta loo koco Miyaa doog baldhiidhiyo Roob daa sugaysaan ? To be continued...

QAYBTA SUUGAANTA

Jama Hassan Osman

Maansadan oo la magac baxday DIIWAAN ayaan jeclaan lahaa inaan maanta halkan idiinku soo gudbiyo, waxa aanay leedahay sida tan: umada iyo dadkaygow ruuxii damiirlee iimaan ku duxayaa doondoona khayrkoo duco waalid raadshoo waanada daneeyee Bal dabuubtan iga maqal umadiyo dadkaygow inta diirka midabkiyo dhaqankiyo dirsoociyo dunji ila wadaagtaay, culimada dawaaftiyo inta duubka xidhataay inta belada dayrtiyo inta dakharka dhaydiyo inta nabada doontaay , inta dib u dhis guudiyo midnimada ku daashay , inta damashii kayntiyo dayibkiyo galoolkii intay dhuxul ka deebsheen masaariif ka dayataay, inta debed wareegtee daalaadhacaysee Dalasiga ku nooleey, inta dibidi naaxdiyo daabixiyo ugaybkii ahminkiyo damaankii iyo dalawodoodii

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wednesday, 11 April, 2012

i hope the light which is coming from Amoud university students will make the granulation of the wound ,which is perforating since unknown centuries until now. By; Adam (CADAAWE) Elmi Adam.

Save your community from ...

chew and they were progressively replaced by mild dysphoria, anxiety, reactive depression, insomnia ) Cathinone has a more rapid and inand anorexia (loss of appetite).In tense action compared with cathine recent years qat induced psychosis due to its higher lipid solubility which facilitates access into the central nerv- (serious mental illness) has become more common. ous system. Several studies showed that the psychostimulant effects inEvery century has its own boys and duced by chewing qat include a moder- girls whom take the responsibility ate degree of euphoria and mild exciteof their country .if we are Somali ment resulting in promotion of social interaction and loquacity. While attain- community ,we lost our econing a subjective state of well being, the omy,healthy and patriotism for the sake qat.please dont aggravate the chewers feel an increase in alertness and energy together with enhanced wound ,but try to heal it . depth of perception. These effects were found to be a maximum between 1.5 3.5 hours after starting to

Why doctors write so badly?

A/rahman Said Ahmed William Shakespeare said, To be or not to be that is a question It is hard to understand something which is indecipherable. But can be easily understood as much as you dig deeper. And you are as far as you push. Why doctors write so badly is a question which baffled me completely. But some people may laugh out loud while; others will have an eye to eye. As far as Im concerned this question is no

laughing matter. If doctors could know how much Im crazy about this question, they would have given me the answer before. But now they could at least say that they are sorry. I have asked many people why doctor handwriting is so illegible rather than ordinary people. But they failed the answer for this question. I sometimes say Doctor Handwriting is notoriously bad. But may be writing badly for a doctor is a matter of survival. Sometimes I realized that what they write is not intended for the public to see only for themselves and their peers. As you will see the way we write is legible amongst us because we know what to look for. But yet I

dont recognize whether the illegible doctor handwriting is made or born. This is what I am seeking for. On the other hand, I realized that it is so important to remember that doctors handwriting has limitations like any other tool in the medicine. There is also another important problem which concerns about the scribbled handwriting for doctors; the problem is if this kind of handwriting is secret between the doctors and their peers why they cant read sometimes. I sometimes imagine and think doctors jot down things in rush because their minds are already on something else and it is not neat handwriting. They may write down a prescrip-

tion but their minds are prepping up for the next patient In conclusion, I really worn-out to visualize the exact answer for this question therefore, only doctors could only quench my thirst Under the pen-name of A/rahman Said Ahmed Amoud University student Faculty of education, department of English &History Senior class Email: camir0101@hotmail.co m

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Wednesday, 11April, 2012