1a. Problem 4.1 on page 117. Given a 138 kV three phase line iwth series impedance z=0.17+j0.

79 ohms/mi and shunt admittance y=j5.4 uSiemens/mi, find the characteristic impedance Zc, the propagation constant, and attenuation constant and the phase constant. Given z ( 0.17 0.79j ) . ohm mi propagation constant z .y = 2.21 . 10
4

6 siemens 5.4j . 10 . mi

2.077i . 10
7

mi
6

1 1

= 2.09 . 10 = 1.3 . 10
6

mi
1

arg( ) = 83.9 deg arg( ) = 83.9 deg

= 1.373 . 10

1.291i . 10

attenuation constant = 1.373 . 10

7 1

Re( )

= 2.21 . 10

mi

phase constant = 1.291 . 10

6 1

Im( )

= 2.077 . 10

mi

Characteristic impedance

Zc

z y

Z c = 384.67

40.92i

Z c = 386.8

arg Z c = 6.1 deg

1b. Problem 4.5 on page 117. Given a transmission line described by a total series impedance Z=zl=20+j80 and a shunt admittance Y=yl=0.0005, find Zc, gamma*l,e^gamma*l, sinh(gamma*l), cosh(gamma*l)

State the given Z ( 20 80j ) . ohm Y

4 5j . 10 . siemens

Characteristic impedance Zc Z Y Z c = 403.066 49.62i Z c = 406.1 arg Z c = 7 deg

propagation constant * length l

l

Z .Y e = 1.004

l = 0.025

0.202i

l = 0.203
l

arg( l ) = 83 deg
l

0.205i 0.2i 4.967i . 10

3

= 1.025

arg e

= 11.5 deg

sinh( l ) = 0.024 cosh( l ) = 0.98

sinh( l ) = 0.202 cosh( l ) = 0.98

arg( sinh( l ) ) = 83.1 deg arg( cosh( l ) ) = 0.29 deg

1c. Problem 4.18 on page 118. Find the ABCD constants of the 150 mile line in Problem 4.8. The line is the same as in problem 4.1, but the length is now given as 150 miles. Recall z ( 0.17 0.79j ) . ohm mi propagation constant z .y = 2.21 . 10
4

6 siemens 5.4j . 10 . mi

2.077i . 10
7

mi
6

1 1

= 2.09 . 10 = 1.3 . 10
4 1 6

mi
1

arg( ) = 83.9 deg arg( ) = 83.9 deg

= 1.373 . 10 attenuation constant Re( )

1.291i . 10
7 1

= 1.373 . 10

= 2.21 . 10

mi

phase constant Im( ) = 1.291 . 10

6

= 2.077 . 10

mi

Characteristic impedance Zc z y Z c = 384.67 l 40.92i 150 . mi 0.312i Z c = 386.8 arg Z c = 6.1 deg

Length is 150 miles l .l

l = 0.033

ABCD Constants A B C cosh( l ) Z c . sinh( l ) 1 . sinh( l ) Zc cosh( l ) A = 0.952 B = 24.69 0.01i 116.7i
6

A = 0.952 B = 119.3
4

arg( A ) = 0.6 deg arg( B ) = 78.1 deg

4

C = 2.762 . 10 C = 2.762 . 10

7.971i . 10 7.971i . 10

C = 7.971 . 10 D = 0.952

arg( C ) = 90.2 deg arg( D ) = 0.6 deg

2a. Problem 4.3 on page 117. Given a transmission line described by (4.10), we perform two tests and obtain the following results. Open circuit test: Zoc=(800 at -89 deg) ohms Short circuit test: Zsc=(200 at 77 deg) ohms Find the characteristic impedance Zc and gamma*l. Z oc Z sc 800 . ( cos( 89 . deg ) 200 . ( cos( 77 . deg ) j . sin( 89 . deg ) ) . ohm j . sin( 77 . deg ) ) . ohm j 1

From the ABCD constants, V 1 A.V 2 B .I 2 I 1 C .V 2 D.I 2

If I2=0 (open circuit condition), V 1 A.V 2 I 1 C .V 2

If V2=0 (short circuit condition), V 1 B .I 2 I 1 D .I 2 and because Zsc=V1/I1 short circuit Z sc A.B C .D or Z oc . Z sc B D cosh( l ) . Z c . sinh( l ) 1 . sinh( l ) . cosh( l ) Zc

Because Zoc=V1/I1 open circuit, Z oc A C

Z oc . Z sc

Z oc . Z sc Z c Z c = 397.809 and

Zc

Z oc . Z sc Z c = 400 arg Z c = 6 deg

41.811i

Z sc B . C Z oc A . D Z sc 2 ( tanh( l ) ) Z oc

Given e e
l l

e e

l l

Z sc Z oc

Find( l ) = 0.049

0.462i

Problem 2b. Problem 4.4 on page 117. Jack and Jill measure Zoc and Zsc as in problem 4.3. Jill says, "With this information, we can now calculate V1 and I1 in terms of V2 and I2 for any termination." Agree or disagree wiht Jill and give your reasons. Agree. Zc and gamma*l specify the general relation between (V1 and I1) and (V2 and I2). If they have Zoc and Zsc, they can find Zc and gamma * l, as we did in problem 4.3. Hence, we can find the relationship between V1 and I1 and any termination.

Problem 2c. Problem 4.6 on page 117. Suppose that the line in problem 4.5 is terminated in it characteristic impedance. Find the efficiency of transmission in this case. Given Z Zc ( 20 Z Y j . 80 ) . ohm Y
4 j . 5 . 10 . siemens

Z c = 403.066

49.62i

Y.Z

l = 0.025

0.202i

Find the ABCD parameters. A cosh( l ) B Z c . sinh( l ) I 1 C .V 2 D.I 2 D.I 2 C 1 . sinh( l ) Zc D cosh( l )

we are given V2=Zc*I2 Therefore, V 1 A.V 2 V 1 A.V 2 B .I 2 B. V2 Zc

I 1 C .Z c .I 2

Substituting into an expression for power V 1.I 1 B . V 2. C .Z c Zc D .I 2

Efficiency is

Re V 2 . I 2 Re V 1 . I 1

 Re A

1 Zc B . . C Zc D

Solving

= 0.952

Problem 3a. Problem 4.8 on page 117. The 138 kV three phase line described in problem 4.1 is 150 miles long and is delivering 15 MW at 132 kV at a 100% power factor. Find the sending end voltage and current, the power angle across the line, and thre transmission efficiency. Use the long line model. j
6 siemens 5.4j . 10 . mi

Given in problem 4.1 z ( 0.17 0.79j ) . ohm mi propagation constant l z .y .l l = 0.033 0.312i y l 150 . mi

Characteristic impedance

Zc

z y

Z c = 384.7

40.9i

Receiving end V2 132 . 3 kV I2 15 . MW 3 . V 2 . pf pf 1.0 MW

6 10 . watt

Find the ABCD parameters. A cosh( l ) B Z c . sinh( l ) C 1 . sinh( l ) Zc D cosh( l )

Transmission line equations V1 I1 A .V 2 C .V 2 B .I 2 D .I 2 8.431i . 10 V

3

Solving V 1 = 7.42 . 10 I 1 = 62.273

4

V 1 = 74.7 kV I 1 = 87.5 A

61.414i A

arg V 1 = 6.48 deg arg I 1 = 44.6 deg

Efficiency and angle Re V 2 . I 2 Re V 1 . I 1

= 0.973

12

arg V 1

arg V 2

12 = 6.48 deg

Problem 3b . Problem 4.12 on page 118. Repeat problem 4.8using the nominal pi circuit. j
6 siemens 5.4j . 10 . mi

Given in problem 4.1 z ( 0.17 0.79j ) . ohm mi Receiving end V2 132 . 3 kV I2 15 . MW 3 . V 2 . pf pf 1.0 MW y l 150 . mi

6 10 . watt

Find series Z and shunt Y for pi model Z z . l Z = 25.5 118.5i Y y .l Y = 8.1i . 10

4

Find ABCD parameters A 1 Z .Y 2 Transmission line equations V1 I1 A .V 2 C .V 2 B .I 2 D .I 2 8.562i . 10 V

3

Y. 1

Z .Y 4

Z .Y 2

Solving V 1 = 7.423 . 10 I 1 = 62.141

4

V 1 = 74.7 kV I 1 = 87 A

60.927i A

arg V 1 = 6.58 deg arg I 1 = 44.4 deg

Efficiency and angle Re V 2 . I 2 Re V 1 . I 1

= 0.974

12

arg V 1

arg V 2

12 = 6.58 deg

Problem 3c. Problem 4.13 on page 118. Repeat Problem 4.8 for a short line. Recall the given V2 132 . 3 kV I2 15 . MW 3 . V 2 . pf pf 1.0

( 0.17

0.79j ) .

ohm mi

6 siemens 5.4j . 10 . mi

150 . mi

z . l Z = 25.5

118.5i

Short line model: I1=I2 and V1 = V2+I2*Z I1 V1 I2 V2 I 2.Z

4

I 1 = 65.608 A

V 1 = 7.788 . 10

7.775i . 10 V
3

V 1 = 78.27 kV

arg V 1 = 5.7 deg

Efficiency and angle Re V 2 . I 2 Re V 1 . I 1 12 arg V 1 arg V 2 12 = 5.7 deg

= 0.979