Aklat patungkol sa Pamilangan

Arte Y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala Francisco San Joseph 1610 Bataan, Philippines Capitulo Diez y nueve: De los Numerales
De los numeros comunes La cuenta de la plata y del oro Cuenta de Basijas Para contrar Dias y los de mas Tiempos Para distansias de lugares (pahina 264 - 288)

Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala

Pedro de San Buena Ventura 1613 Pila, Laguna

Bilang 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 100 000 000 polo
.

Arte Y Reglas San Joseph 1610

Pahina 264 265

sangdaan
.

sanglibo Sanglaksa Sanyuta 10

266

10
266

sangbahala 10
266

Archimedes (287-212 BC) in his essay The Sand Reckoner built a system of numbers called myriad for 10 000 and myriad myriad 100 000 000.

Bilang 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 10 000 000 100 000 000

Vocabulario Tagala

Iba pa

San Buena Ventura 1613 Pahina Combes 1667 (10) powo 689 Sa guita (Bagobo) 646 Secati (Tiruray) daan UST Archivos Libros 668 libo Kati 10 664 laksa Tolentino 1937 615 yuta Sansita 10

angao
(sampowong yuta)

207

kati/sansita
615 368

bahala (up to maximun 10) angao-angao

SB 253 : Diezmil : Lacsa pc : vt, ang sanglacsang taon sa langit, ay, bilang mamaghapun lamang, diezmil anos en el ielo son como no mas de un dia, SB 615 : zienmil : yota pp : sangpovong yota .|. di sangpovong yota? no son 100000? SB 368 : Infinito : Angao angao pp : en numero que nose puedo contar, dile sasang angao angao na di muntic man mabibilang, es vn numero infinito, que de ninguna manera se puede contar. SB 368 : Infinito : Hoyang pp : sin numero, salamat nang valan hoyang sa may gava sa lahat, infinas graias seden al haedor de todas las cosas Eterno.

Jean-Paul G. POTET 1992 Numeral Expressions in Tagalog

1992 Volume 44 pp. 167-181

Personal communication 2011

Abacus ng Intsik

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Mancala 2x6, 2x8, 2x10 Sungka 2x7

2010 Comandante

Based from Culin 1894; Fritz 1904, Annandale 1902)

Vietnam n Quan

The dominant variation can be found in the Philippines

Voogt 1999

Tchonka 2x7
(Pacific Islands)

Mungala 2x6
Tchuka; Chanka 2x6

Chakot 2x4 Tungkayon

Chongkak 2x8, 2x10

(Congklak or Conka)

Pagkalat ng Sungka at Sigay (right)

Cypraea moneta

The cowries which had been used in the Shang Dynasty must come from the southeast coastal area because even in the present the natives of Southeast Asia still call the cowries 'Bia. This pronunciation is most similar to the ancient Chinese one (Page 17).
Chinese Shell money 1600 800 BC

Pahina 479 (San Buenaventura 1613) Pescado : Biya/Sisi pp : blanco y muy hordinario en todas partes en la Silanga en particular.

CHINESE ERA- COWRIE USE

DATE

LOCATION

Neolithic Early Shang Dynastiescowries spread Shang and Zhou Dynasties-Peak use Warring States waning use/bronze Qin to the Han Dynasty-disappearance

3300-2000 BC Western inland 2000-1600 BC Northwest to Central Plains 1600-650 BC Northwest to Southwest North of Chang650-221 BC
jiang River

221 BC-220AD North of Changjiang River

Peng and Zhu 1995

Peng and Zhu 1995

Kinoshita 1996

Shell Trade and Exchange in the Prehistory of the Ryukyu Archipelago

Kinoshita 1996

Pilipino Sungka Hanay 1: 7 x 7 = 49 Hanay 2: 7 x 7 = 49 Bahay 1 = 1 Bahay 2 = _ 1_ Kabuoan 100

Nawawalang Tainga

Pahina 253 (San Buenaventura 1613) Diez : Pouo pc : l. polo, llegando a diez contando, sangpouong tomoro, diez jemes, macapopouo, diez vees, macapopouo pang gayon, dies tanto, labin anim, diez yseys. Diez : Mamolo pp : acada uno. l. tigpopouo, bibigyan camo nang tigpopouong tampal, daran nos cada diez sopapos, palabolan mo sila nang mamolo, dales diez acada uno.

Sinaunang Sungka:

Comandante 2010

San Buenaventura 1613

Pahina 663

Pambilang San Joseph 1610 Pahina labi sa angao labi sa yota labi sa laksa labi sa libo macalima powo mamolo tigpipito pito pito/ pitohin
265 277 273 272 271 266

Tagalog - Labi Spanish Sobrar Bordo Lauio Beo Boca Diez

Isa Bila Pamilangan

May kinalaman ang ALTARAN sa kalakalan ng Sigay sa nakalipas.

Comandante 2009

Rice Terraces

Cowries as burial goods were found in Musang Cave Penablanca, Cagayan Province. Carbon-14 Dating indicated a time period of 3200-2000 BC.
Thiel 1978

Chapter 19

Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala San Joseph 1610 (Bataan)

Before the Spaniards came...

They have many kind of ships of very different shapes and names with which they conduct wars and go sailing; bigger ones are called vireyes which can load up to 100 peolple... Cargo vessels are called birocos .
Boxer Codex 1590

= 21

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 ________________________________________________ 21 42 63 84 105 126 147 168 189 210

BIROCOS

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

Maaring Pinagkuhanan ng hugis wala

Baybayin Numerals
Comandante 2009
No. O2009-714 Angono Baybayin Numerals
(neolithic)

Possible Baybayin Numerals

500-1000 AD

Italy1521 De Arts Suppurtandi (Tonstall)