1.

O2 + H2O 2OH IGNORE state symbols ALLOW if Mg2+ shown on both sides

1
[1]

2.

(a)

(i)

Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2 IGNORE state symbols Accept multiples Reject Ba + H2O BaO + H2

(ii)

NaCl + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl OR 2NaCl + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCl IGNORE state symbols Accept multiples Reject HNaSO4

(b)

(i)

Green/pale green/apple green Accept yellow-green Reject any mention of blue e.g. blue green OR any other colour

(ii)

Red Accept deep/dark red / carmine/crimson /scarlet Reject lilac Reject any mention of lilac e.g. lilac-red OR any other colour

(c)

Electrons (absorb heat/energy) and are promoted to higher energy levels (1) as they drop back/down (1) Emit radiation (of characteristic colour) OR emit light (1) Accept excited/go instead of promoted Accept orbitals/shells instead of energy levels Reject if any reference to absorption spectra e.g. light absorbed (0) Reject (produce) colours (0) 3

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(d)

Percentage oxygen (= 45.1) Ar (1) Empirical formula = KO2

(1) (1)

e.g. Percentage of oxygen = 45.1 (1) K 54.9 39 1.41 KO2 (1) Accept use of atomic numbers 2 max Accept use of O2 Mr ~ 32 but only if give formula KO2 (for 3 marks) Reject mole calculation then inverted, no consequential marking on formula
[10]

O 45.1 16 2.82

(1)

3.

(a) (b)

B (1) Limewater turns milky CO2 (1) MgCO3 decomposes on heating to CO2 label correct / equation (1) Substance on wire in flame (1) not burn or heat (in test tube) (Pale) green flame for barium (1) No colour for magnesium (1) or add dilute sulphuric acid (1) barium hydroxide does not dissolve (1) magnesium hydroxide dissolves / forms colourless solution (1) or Valid chemical test (brown gas is) nitrogen dioxide (1) (gas relights a glowing splint) oxygen (1) 2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2 species (1) balance (1)

1 2

(c)

(d)

4
[10]

4.

(a)

(i)

Ca brick red or orange red, Ba (apple) green (1) each

The English Academy

(ii)

electrons excited / promoted (1) fall to lower energy level / orbital (1) give out energy in the visible region / in form of light (1)

(b)

2Ba(NO3)2 2BaO + 4NO2 + O2 (2) species (1) balance (1) (i) ability (of a cation) to distort / change shape of (1) the electron cloud around an anion (1) Size /radius /ionic radius (1) charge (1) Mg2+ / magnesium ion smaller than Ba2+/ barium ion or Mg2+ has higher change density (1) Polarising power increases/ Mg2+ able to polarise the nitrate ion more effectively than Ba2+ (1) this weakens the bonds in the nitrate / bonds in nitrate more easily broken (1)

(c)

2 2

(ii)

(iii)

3
[14]

5.

(a)

(i)

LiCl red/scarlet/crimson/carmine red (1) NaBr orange/yellow (1) KI lilac/purple/mauve/pink/violet/lavender (1) 3 Excited electrons (1) Move down energy levels (1) LiCl - white/steamy fumes NaBr - brown/orange vapour or liquid Kl - purple vapour / dark solid or liquid or residue 4 LiCl(s) + H2SO4(l) LiHSO4(s) + HCl(g) formulae (1), states (1) or 2LiCl(s) + H2SO4(l) Li2SO4(s) + 2HCl(g) formulae (1), states (1) 2
[11]

(ii)

(b)

(i)

(ii)

The English Academy

6.

(a)

(i) (ii) (iii)

Loss of electrons A substance which gains/removes/accepts electrons Chlorine (is stronger oxidising agent) So it can accept electrons from Br/ so it can displace Br/ so can oxidise Br 3OCl ClO3 + 2Cl formulae + charges (1), balancing (1) Disproportionation SO2: +4 SO42: +6

1 1

(b)

(i) (ii)

2 1

(c)

(i) (ii) (iii)

Oxidised because oxidation number of S becomes more positive/sulphur loses electrons 1 Starch/any named non polar solvent: hexane, chloroform, volasil Blue-black/purple 2
[12]

7.

(a)

(i)

NaCl or 2NaCl

+ +

H2SO4 NaHSO4 H2SO4 Na2SO4

+ +

HCl (1) 2HCl (1) 1

(b)

(i)

add silver nitrate (solution) / correct formula AgN03 (aq) (1) white ppt /solid (1) soluble in dilute ammonia /ammonia solution (1) or add lead nitrate/ethanoate (solution) (1) white ppt. (1) soluble in hot water (1) Any feasible correct chemical method can score the marks here dissociates /reacts/lionises/changes into ions (as it dissolves) (1) forming H+ ions / H3O+ ions/ donates a proton to water. This makes the solution an acid (1) damp litmus paper (1) bleached (1) or damp starch-iodide paper (1) goes blue (1) Displacement acceptable

(ii)

(i)

(ii)

[+4] [1] (1) [+2] [1] [0] (1)

4

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positive charge not essential (d) (hydrogen) iodide is more easily oxidized / loses electrons more easily than (hydrogen) chloride (1) because larger (than chloride) (1) Could argue from the reducing power of the iodide / chloride for the first mark

2
[12]

8.

(a)

(i) (ii)

+7/7+ /VII +7/7+ /VII Sn2+ Sn4+ + 2e() OR Sn2+ 2e() Sn4+(1) I2 + 2e() 21 (1) Sn2+ + I2 Sn4+ + 2I IGNORE state symbols

1 1

(b)

(i)

(ii)

1
[5]

9.

(a)

H2SO4 + NaCl NaHSO4 + HCl/ H2SO4 + 2NaCl Na2SO4 + 2HCl Either version State symbols (Ignore these) Multiples H2SO4 + NaCl NaSO4 + H2 Cl (0) Correct formulae (1) Balanced (1) Second mark depends on first being correct 4 correct formulae with an additional existing molecule eg H2, SO2 Max 1 2

(b)

(i)

Sulphur: from +6 to +4 (1) Bromine: from 1 to 0 (1) Accept sign after value, Roman numerals Incorrect signs

The English Academy

(ii)

Increase in ox number of bromine = 2 1 / 2 (1) One S decreases in ox number by 2 (1) Must be clear that one S atom is unchanged/only one S changes for second mark. [Look for oxidation no. written under elements in equation] Accept increase in oxidation number of Br = decrease in oxidation number of S, without specifying values (1) Reject explanations in terms of electrons

(c)

(i)

Going down group Number of electrons increases (1) Accept reverse argument going up group Reject arguments based on quantum shells. So Van der Waals force (between molecules) increases (1) Ignore comments on radius of atom Reject vdw for Van der Waals 2

(ii)

Boiling point between 200 and 300 (K) (1) 73 to +27 if value quoted in C Hydrogen bonding is present (1) Stronger forces between molecules /stronger intermolecular forces (than in other hydrogen halides.) (1) Accept B pt 155 175(K) with explanation that there are fewer electrons in HF for maximum 1 mark. Accept boiling point in correct range, with comment on much stronger dipole in HF and stronger intermolecular forces (2)

[11]

10.

(a)

(i) (ii) (iii)

2Ca + O2 2CaO (1) Na2O + H2O 2NaOH (1) Na2O + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O Species (1) Balancing (1)

1 1 2

(b)

(Thermal stability) increases (1) (with some attempt at a reason) (cat)ion size increases / (cat)ion charge density decreases (1) polarises or distorts carbonate ion / anion / electron cloud less. (1)

3
[7]

11.

(a)

Any statement that means the number gets less

6

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Eg Decrease (in oxidation number of an element) Reduction of ON Lowering of ON ON becomes more negative ON becomes less positive Reject just Gain of electrons (b) (i) 2NaBr + 3H2SO4 2 NaHSO4 + SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O OR 2NaBr + 3H2SO4 2 NaHSO4 + SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O OR 2NaBr + 3H2SO4 2 NaHSO4 + 1SO2 + 1Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 : +6 / 6 / VI / 6+ HSO4: +6 / 6/ VI / 6+ SO2 : +4/4/IV / 4+ H2S : 2 / II / 2 All four correct 2 marks Any 3 correct 1 mark Reject superscript + e.g S6+ (iii) Change in ON of S increases down (halide) group (1) Link all three changes to actual numbers with halide (1) Consequential on answers to part(ii) Correct answer referring to only two halides scores 1 mark If ref to halogens lose second mark

(ii)

[6]

12.

(a)

(i)

Br2(aq) + H2O(l) 2H+(aq) + Br(aq) + BrO(aq) formulae (1) balancing (ignore state symbols) (1) Accept H+(aq) + Br(aq) + HBrO(aq)/ BrOH H+(aq) + BrO(aq) + HBr (aq) If HBr + HBrO, H+ must be crossed out

(ii)

reaction is reversible/equilibrium (reaction) can go backward and forward/can go both ways/occurs in both directions Accept reversable (1)

The English Academy

(iii)

bromine has been both oxidised and reduced (1) must mention bromine (Br/Br2 for first mark) from 0 to +1 and 1 (1) Accept Br oxidation number both increased and decreased /goes up and down Reject bromine goes to +1 and 1 must show from 0 Reject arguments based on OILRIG Incorrect identification of ox/red i.e. ox is 0 1 Cl2(g) + 2Br(aq) 2Cl(aq) + Br2(aq) formulae (1) balancing and state symbols (1) second mark dependent on first unless correct but non ionic equation given Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(aq) Accept Br2(l) Accept multiples Reject Cl2(aq) Reject Br2 (g) Br(aq)

(iv)

(b)

(i)

Sulphur from +4 to +6 /4+ to 6 + /4 to 6 (1) Bromine from 0 to 1 (1) Accept name or symbol (S or Br or Br2) Accept oxidation and reduction transposed but correct numbers 1 ( out of 2) Elements correctly identified but incorrect numbers 1 (out of 2) Accept sulfur, sulpher, sulfer Br2 + 2H2O + SO2 4H+ + 2Br + SO42 Accept multiples

(ii)

1
[10]

13.

(a)

(i)

Sr(s) + 2H2O(I) Sr(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) hydrogen as product (1) correctly balanced (accept multiples) (1) loses electrons/ turns to positive ion / increases oxidation number No marks for gains oxygen

2 1

(ii)

The English Academy

(b)

(i) (ii) (iii)

To ensure solution is saturated owtte NOT reacts completely (16.9)(0.100)(103) = 1.69 103 / 0.00169 mol Sr(OH)2 reacting = 1.69 103/2 = ( 0.845 103) / 0.000845 (1)
0.845 10 3 1000 = 0.0338 (1) 25 first mark is for correct use of mole ratio allow TE from (ii) and within (iii)

1 1

mol Sr(OH)2 in 1 dm3 =

2 2

(iv)

mass 1 mol Sr(OH)2 = 122 (1) solubility = (122)(0.0338) = 4.12 (g dm3) (1) Evaporate/boil off some of the water / oven must have a low temperature quoted (1) Leave to cool (1) Filter off/decant crystals and dry with filter paper / with propanone / in desiccator 2Sr(NO3)2.4H2O 8H2O + 2SrO + 4NO2 + O2 oxygen produced (1) equation balanced (1) 2Sr(NO3)2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) 2KNO3(aq) + SrSO4(s) Balanced equation (1) State symbols. (1) ACCEPT ionic equation: Sr2+ (aq)+ SO42 (aq) SrSO4(s)

(c)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

2
[16]

14.

(a)

Cannot be weighed as it is a gas ALLOW measure instead of weigh Soluion will not be 250 cm3/ will not know exact volume/ standard solutions contain mols per dm3 of solution. (i) 2 and 3 (1) as these are within 0.2 cm3 of each other/ No.1 is too far away from the others/closest/most similar/concordant/ No. 1 is a rough titration (1) NOT consistent/better agreement 30.4(0) (cm3) consequential on part (i)

(b)

(c)

(ii)

The English Academy

(iii)

25.00 0.0500 = 1.25 103 (mol) 1000

2 (iii) Value from (iv) 1000 / mean titre from (ii) (1) [Should be 2.5 103 1000 / 30.40] = 0.0822 mol dm3 (1) - value, units and 3 sig figs NOTE the value must be reasonable ie between 0.01 and 0.1 if 1000 omitted in parts (iii) and (v), penalise once only

(iv) (v)

[9]

15.

(a)

nb these are the only points for which credit may be given P I Pipette mark: Indicator mark: use of pipette for NaOH P

add to NaOH named acid / base indicator I not litmus or UI some reference to technique eg add acid to alkali with swirling / dropwise at end point / slowly / use a white tile T indicator colour changed by addition of one drop / colour at end point for indicator used E consistent titres / within 0.2 or better (1) concordant results C 5

Technique mark:

End point mark:

Consistency mark:

(b)

(i)

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2 H2O (1) Ignore state symbols Use of ratio 2 mols to / mol (1) (Volume) 12.5 cm3/0.0125 dm3 (1) Must include units consequential on part (i)

(ii)

(iii)

Error is 0.2 100 / 125 (1) = 0.8% (1) or 0.1 100 / 12.5 = 0.8% accept alternative method that gives same answer

[10]

16.

(a)

QWC IGNORE filling burette, use of pipette and other preliminaries even if there are errors.

The English Academy

10

Add NaOH (quickly) to 20 23 cm3 (1) Accept idea of NaOH addition fast initially then slow down near end point can score first mark Reject slowly does not score drop by drop mark Drop by drop (near end point) OR until one drop changes colour (1) stand alone Swirl / rinse in drops solution in neck of flask (1) Accept mix or shake or swill Colourless to pink (1) both required Accept colourless to red or colourless (solution) starts to turn pink Reject colourless to purple or magenta Reject clear to anything (b) (i) Line with bottom of meniscus mid-way between 23.60 and 23.70. (1) 4

1 Accept bottom of meniscus reasonably close to mid-way. Accept straight horizontal line

Clear indication of correct volume (e.g. arrow to 23.65)

Reject inverted meniscus Reject non-horizontal lines

The English Academy

11

(ii)

Ticks on titres 2 and 3 (1) Accept ticks in 2 & 3 with cross in 1 Inclusion of titre 1 in calculation of mean scores zero 23.55 (cm3) (1) not consequential Accept correct answer with no ticks (2) Reject only one decimal place 2

(c)

In (i) and (ii) penalise 1SF on the first occasion only. ACCEPT 2SF in (i) and (ii) (i)

25 0.0500 = 0.00125 (moles) 1000

Accept 0.001250 or 0.0013

(ii)

Answer to (i) 2 = 0.00250 (moles) Accept 0.0025; CQ on 2 i)

(iii)

1000 = 0.106 (mol dm3) 3sf only 23.55 Consequential on b(ii) and c(ii)
0.00250 Accept correct answer (3 sf) no working Reject 0.106 if 1000 omitted in (c)(i) and (iii) (0)

[10]

The English Academy

12