English for Academic Communication

HIV
HIV is human immunenodefeciency virus.HIV is thought to have originated in non-human primates in sub-Saharan Africa and transferred to humans early in the 20th century. The first paper recognizing a pattern of opportunistic infections was published on 4 June 1981. Two species of HIV infect humans: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both species of the virus are believed to have originated in West-Central Africa and jumped species (zoonosis) from a non-human primate to humans. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III),lymphadenopathyassociated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus(ARV). It starts a tragedy of human being. Here we will discuss about the causes, effect, prevention and treatment of HIV to let everyone has a better understanding. The majority of HIV infections are acquired through unprotected direct contact with infected partner. Sexual transmission can occur when infected sexual secretions of one partner come into contact with the genital, oral or rectal mucous membranes of another. So that this will cause the HIV viruses to spread from one to another person because of virus can be found in the semen and vaginal fluid. Besides that, if infected blood comes into contact through open wound or by sharing contaminated injection needles, especially for drug addicts. It is also of concern for persons receiving medical care in regions where there is prevalent substandard hygiene in the use of injection equipment, such as the reuse of needles. Hence, the HIV viruses can also be transmitted by such ways. The identified sources will help us in the prevention. To date, no one has ever discovered a cure to HIV. So, the best and most effective way to stop it is to carry out prevention steps. There a few prevention steps that should be consider in order minimizing the spread of HIV. First of all, is to have safe sexual relationship or behavior. This can reduce ones risk of becoming infected with HIV during sex by choosing to obtain from sex or delay first sex, be faithful to one partner or to have fewer partners and using condoms consistently and correctly. It is also important to educate the public to adopt a safer sexual behavior. HIV can also transmits to blood, thus it is important to know that the blood transmitted is not affected by HIV. HIV can also be transmitted from a mother to a baby during pregnancy, labour, delivering, and later breastfeeding. In the nutshell, prevention of HIV is essential from the effect keep on spreading. The effect of HIV is not only to the patient but also to the society. In SubSaharan Africa, the health sector of government spend medical cost of HIV/AIDS has been estimated at about 30 us dollar per year for each person infected. Households dissolve because of HIV/AIDS, parents die and children are sent to relatives for care and upbringing. HIV/AIDS cause a reduced labor supply through increased mortality and illness, it give an impact to economy due to declined productivity. Hence, the effect of HIV is not a joke and it gives a big impact to the society.

English for Academic Communication

There is a hope for the HIV patient- invention of the vaccine. We know that this sickness cannot be cure but its serious effects are still haunting the world. Therefore the United Nation has combined the strength and results of different country to have the largest vaccine trial in Thailand which is involved 16000 researchers. After the research has been done, the new vaccine which is scientifically proved that can reduce the rate of being infected as much as 32%. The vaccine has inherited the strength of the 6 previous vaccines and still has the space to improve. The vaccine will be the gospel to the HIV patient. We have discussed HIV in great detail from the origin to causes, effect, prevention and vaccination of HIV. We know responsibility has greatly stressed in the society. From now on be responsible please think about our next generation before you involve in HIV transmission enable act.