MMAT 255/309 Exam 1A Name _________________________

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XM-1A-ModF 1 Feb. 24, 08
Diffusion couples are made by butting together two short cylinders of two slightly different compositions of the A B alloy and
then annealing the couple for one week at temperature T*. Then the couples are ground to the centerline, polished, and the
composition measured using an electron beam microprobe.











(1.) For a diffusion couple between alloy C
2
and C
3
, assume

(), and write the controlling partial differential

equations, the initial condition, and the boundary conditions at x=0 and x=L. Justify your assumptions at x=L. Sketch and
label the initial distribution of B (wt.% B vs. x), the distribution of B after a 1 week anneal, and the distribution of B if the couple
reached overall equilibrium. Sketch and label the microstructure around x = 0 expected after one week at T*.

o
o + |
L + o
T
wt B A
C
4
C
3

C
2
C
1

X X+AX
D
-X +X
+L
0
-L
A B
T*
Governing partial differential equations:
1-D, Ficks 2
nd
Law, in o-phase, transient
Initial Condition: C2||C3
Boundary Conditions: C2||C3
Assuming & no loss of mass
to surroundings.
C (wt%B)
t = 0
C
2

C
3

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C (wt%B)
t = 1 week
C
2

C
3

(C
2
+ C
3
)/2
o
o
o
C (wt%B)
equilibrium
C
2

C
3

MMAT 255/309 Exam 1A Name _________________________
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If more space is needed, continue answer on pack of page and clearly indicate where continuation
XM-1A-ModF 3 Feb. 24, 08
(2.) For a diffusion couple between alloy C
3
and C
4
, assume

(), and sketch and label the initial distribution of B

(wt% B vs. x), the distribution of B after a 1 week anneal, and the distribution of B if the couple reached overall equilibrium.
Sketch and label the microstructure around x = 0 expected after one week at T*.

No change, already at equilibrium (neglecting surface energy).
C (wt%B)
t = 0
t = 1 week
equilibrium
C
3

C
4

|
a
Activity
of B
t = 0
t = 1 week
equilibrium
o o + |
MMAT 255/309 Exam 1A Name _________________________
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XM-1A-ModF 4 Feb. 24, 08
(3.) Steel plate S (Properties: K
S
,
S
, C
PS
, ) is surrounded on five sides by a glass insulator (Properties: K
I
,
I
, C
PI
, ) as it is
austenitized at temperature T

. The steel plate is brought out of the furnace and immediately butted up against a cast iron
plate (Properties: K
C
,
C
, C
CS
, ) that initially is at room temperature, T
R
. Heat transfer between the surface of the steel plate
and the room air through the insulating glass layer can be approximated by a constant heat transfer coefficient, h
G
. The heat
transfer coefficient from the cast iron plate to the room air can be approximated by a constant heat transfer coefficient h
R
. The
surface of the steel plate developed a thin oxide layer on its exposed surface (x = 0). The heat transfer between the steel and
cast iron, through the thin oxide layer, can be approximated by a constant heat transfer coefficient, h
O
.




How would you decide if conduction heat transfer in the steel plate can be treated as 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional?
**** Negligible temperature difference in Y direction if Biot# <0.1 ****
Assume negligible temperature difference in the vertical (y) direction and develop a rate of energy balance for the volume AAx
in the steel plate.

()(

)




Write the governing partial differential equations, initial conditions, and boundary conditions that can be used to find T=T(x,t).
Do not solve the equations.
-X +X
+L 0
-L
CI S
X X+AX
2Y
X X+AX
P = perimeter
Conduction in Conduction out
Loss thru glass coating
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XM-1A-ModF 5 Feb. 24, 08
Cast Iron Steel

)

( )

( )

) (

PDE
ICs
BCs
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(4.) The assembly of two coils and two plates sketched below are well insulated from the surroundings and the plates are
insulated from each other. The insulation is shown as cross-hatched. The thermal conductivity of the top plate is double the
thermal conductivity of the bottom plate (k
T
= 2 k
B
). The cross-sectional area of the top plate is double the cross-sectional area
of the bottom plate (A
T
= 2 A
B
). The heating coils on the left maintain the temperature at X=0 constant at T
O
and the cooling
coils on the right maintain the temperature constant at T
L
.





At steady state, write the governing partial differential equation(s) and the boundary conditions at x = 0 and x = L for the top
and bottom plates. In terms of symbols, solve for the heat flow rate at x = 0 and at x = L in the top and bottom plates. What is
the ratio of heat flow rate at x = 0 for the top and bottom plates. Draw and label an analogous electrical circuit.

)=

0
L
X
Q
TO

Q
BO

Q
TL

Q
BL

Governing partial differential equations:
1-D, transient
Initial Condition: N/A steady state
Boundary Conditions:
Solve for heat flow rate:
Find ratio of heat flow rates:
MMAT 255/309 Exam 1A Name _________________________
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(5.) Heating coils are pressed tightly against the left end of a flat plate of length L and cross-sectional area of A; and cooling coils
are pressed tightly against the right end of the flat plate. The assembly is well insulated so all the power, Q
O
, from the heating
coils enters the plate at x = 0 and the cooling coils maintain the temperature of the right end of the plate at a constant temperature,
T
L
.


At steady state, write the governing partial differential equation and the boundary conditions at x = 0 and x = L. In terms of
symbols, solve for the temperature at x = 0. Draw and label an analogous electrical circuit.
0

0
L
x
Q
O

Governing partial differential equations:
1-D, steady state
Initial Condition: N/A steady state
Boundary Conditions: