ANATOMY: 02/23/2012 DR.

ABIOG [ANKLE AND FOOT: KINESIOLOGY AND RELATED STRUCTURE] *Tarsal (7) Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate,lateral) *Metatarsals (5) *Phalanges (14) Retinaculum (20) a. Extensor Retinacula hold extensor tendons in place prevents bowstringing -Superior (transverse crural) -Inferior (cruciate crural) joins the superior Superficial Deep b. Flexor retinaculum (laciniate ligament) -holds the flexor tendons in place -converts bony grooves into 4 osseofibrous canals for the following: (medial to lateral) -Tendon of tibialis posterior -Tendon of the FDL -Posterior tibial artery and vein -Tibial Nerve -Tendon of the FHL **Dance Anatomy and Kinesiology BONES OF THE LOWER LEG a) Fibula -Transfers minority of wt bearing load through the leg Distal end is the lateral malleolus of the ankle b) Tibia -distal end is the medial malleolus of the ankle Transfers majority of the wt bearing load through the leg **Torsion Angle 20 - 300 external rotation

ANKLE AND FOOT **Primary function is to provide shock absorption and to impart thrust to the body during walking or ambulation. *AMBULATION-umbrella term for transfer movements from one place to another ex. Walking -pliability to absorb force of body wt. -rigidity to provide propulsive thrust *functions through an interaction of interrelated joints MOTIONS AT THE ANKLE AND FOOT -motions about the foot and ankle are considered triplanar but move on an oblique axis -pronation -eversion/abduction/dorsiflexion -supination -inversion/adduction/plantar flexion (actually happens in an oblique axis) ANKLE JOINT -talotibial (talocrural, ankle mortise) -bones(3) -medial, lateral and talus -type of joint -ginglymus (hinge) -movements -dorsiflexion/plantar flexion SUBTALAR JOINT -talocalcaneal -bones -talus and calcaneus -type of joint -arthrodial -movements -inversion elevation of the medial border -roll inward -eversion roll outward TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINT -talonavicular of the TCN joint and calacaneocuboid (together they are called Choparts, midtarsal, TTJ) -bones -talus, navicular and partly calcaneus -calcaneus and cuboid -type of diarthrodial joint -arthrodial 1

-movements -inversion/eversion -partly adduction/abduction **Lateral malleolus (reach the level of the talus) is longer than the medial malleolus (reach the 1/3 part of the talus) **Tarsometatarsal joint aka the Lisfranc joint **Interphalangeal Joint only 1 at the hallux/big toe SUPINATION VS PRONATION Supination -inversion -plantarflexion -adduction Pronation -eversion -dorsiflexion -abduction SUMMARY OF ANKLE/FOOT MOVEMENTS Plantarflexors -gastrocnemius -soleus -tibialis posterior -FHL -FDL -peroneus longus -peroneus brevis -plantaris Dorsiflexors -tibialis anterior -EDL -EHL -peroneus tertius Invertors -tibialis anterior - tibialis posterior -FHL -FDL -EHL (included bec. of its axis of motion) Evertors -peroneus longus -peroneus brevis -peroneus tertius -EDL 2 *Ankle joint (must know) Ligaments -medial collateral lig (deltoid) -lateral collateral lig Deltoid 4 ligaments -tibiotalar ant. And post. -tibionavicular in between -tibiocalcaneal Lateral Collateral Ligament 3 Ligaments Ligaments (most frequently sprained) -ant. Talobifular 1st to be fractured -post. Talobifular 3rd; thickest -calcaneofibular 2nd **High ankle sprain ant. Inf. Tibiofibular lig affectation Bowstrings Ligaments -plantar calcaneonavicular (spring lig) -plantar calcaneocubiod (short plantar lig) -long plantar ligament **tibialis posterior maintains medial arch (dynamic stability) **tibialis anterior static stability