Cranial Nerves

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1.

#3, #14

The exception to what the PSA nerve is sensory to the mesiobuccal roots of which teeth? The oculomotor nerve supplies all the muscles of the eye and iris except how many? The divisions of the trigeminal nerve enter the skull through how many different foramina? In the canals above the alveolar processes in the maxillae, the PSA nerve forms what? An efferent nerve carries information to the muscle in order to do what, often in response to information received by way of afferent nerves? What carries the information from the periphery of the body to the brain (or spinal cord)? What procedure can be complicated if the ASA plexus innervates teeth across the midline? The nasopalatine nerve provides sensation to what?

18.

2.

Cuspid and incisor teeth and labial gingiva Deep or real

The ASA nerve forms a fine plexus that supplies which structures?

19.

3.

All cranial nerve fibers can be traced deeper within the brain to what kind of origin? What does the meningeal nerve provide sensation to? What carries information away from the brain to the periphery of the body? The optic nerve is distributed exclusively to what body part? What branches of the IO nerve coalesce before entering the infraorbital foramen and canal? The greater petrosal nerve is a branch of which nerve before that nerve exits the skull? At what point do the motor and sensory roots of the mandibular nerve (V3) join and also enter and exit the skull? The maxillary nerve (V2) travels from the pterygopalatine fossa to enter the skull through what foramen? After the nerves emerge from their apparent origin, what do they have to pass through before heading to the foramina in the base of the skull? What is an accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS? The 1st ANS nerve carries autonomic fibers to a ______ where they end near the cell bodies of the 2nd nerve. Where in the cranium do the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve coalesce (come together)? Parasympathetic fibers associated with what structures of the head and neck are carried in various cranial nerves (7th and 9th)? What are the branches of the descending palatine nerve? The greater palatine nerve enters the pterygopalatine canal through what opening? Which nerve supplies the parasympathetic nerves to the lacrimal gland?

20.

Dura mater Efferent or motor nerves eye Facial terminal branches Facial/cranial nerve VII Foramen ovale

4.

A fine dental plexus

21.

22.

5.

Activate them

23.

6.

Afferent or sensory nerves Anesthesia

24.

7.

25.

8.

Anterior 1/3 of the hard palate and lingual gingiva of the anterior teeth Anterior to posterior

26.

Foramen rotundum Formina or tubular prolongations in the dura mater Ganglion Ganglion

9.

The 12 cranial nerves have been named according to the order in which they come off the brain in which direction? The greater palatine nerve descends in what anatomical direction? Sympathetic fibers travel along with what? What nerve takes the place of the MSA nerve when it is not present? The nasociliary nerve follows the medial border of the orbit and ends in the skin where? Which nerves, by definition, are always efferent? What consists of the spinal cord and brain? The olfactory nerve bulb is an oval mass that rests on what structure? What do the optic nerves do at the optic chiasma before they continue onto the optic tract?

27.

10.

Anteriorly Arteries ASA At the apex of the nose Autonomic Central Nervous System Cribriform plate Cross to opposite sides

28.

11.

29.

12.

30.

13.

Gasserian ganglion Glands

31.

14.

15.

32.

16.

Greater and lesser palatine nerves Greater palatine foramen Greater petrosal nerve

17.

33.

34.

35.

Incisive foramen Inferior orbital fissure Infraorbital (IO) nerve Infraorbital foramen, the infraorbital canal, then inferior orbital fissure Innervation It innervates many relevant tissues of the head and neck Lacrimal fluid or tears

The nasopalatine nerve enters the incisive canal via what opening? The zygomatic nerve joins the maxillary nerve after passing through what opening in the orbit? What is the branch of the maxillary nerve (V2) that joins the PSA nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa? The infraorbital nerve travels through what 2 openings before it gets to the pterygopalatine fossa? What is the nerve supply to tissue or organs called? Why is the trigeminal nerve the most important cranial nerve to the dental professional? The greater petrosal nerve is responsible for production of what substance that comes from the lacrimal gland? How does the trigeminal nerve relate in size to all other cranial nerves? How does the mandibular nerve (V3) compare in size to the other 2 divisions of the trigeminal nerve? What structure does the zygomaticofacial nerve provide sensation to? The zygomatic nerve runs posteriorly along what? The lateral pterygoid nerve is a motor nerve for what muscle? What structures are the lacrimal nerve sensory to? The lesser palatine nerve enters the pterygopalatine canal through what foramen? Where does the greater palatine nerve turn into the nasopalatine nerve? A thorough understanding of certain nerves is also important in pain management for use of what during dental treatment? What is the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve and what is its symbol?

52.

Masseter muscle Maxillary nerve (V2) Medial pterygoid muscle Memory

The massetric nerve is a motor nerve for what muscle? What is the 2nd branch of the trigeminal nerve and what is its symbol? The medial pterygoid nerve is a motor nerve for what muscle? Information from afferent nerves are sent to the brain, analyzed, acted upon, and stored as what? What are the 5 sensory/afferent branches of the mandibular nerve?

36.

53.

37.

54.

55.

38.

56.

39.

Meningeal, buccal, auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, and lingual Mesiobuccal roots of #3 and #14, the premolars, and facial gingiva Middle superior alveolar (MSA) and anterior superior alveolar (ASA) MSA Nasal septum Nasociliary nerve, frontal nerve, and lacrimal nerve Nasopalatine Nerve

40.

57.

41.

The middle superior alveolar nerve (MSA) forms a fine plexus that supplies what structures of the maxilla? While in the infraorbital canal, the IO nerve joins with which other 2 branches of the maxillary nerve? Not all dental patients will have which nerve supplying the teeth? The nasopalatine nerve travels along what structure? What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic nerve? What nerve is distributed to the anterior hard palate? What is a bundle of nerve processes found in the central and peripheral nervous system? What is a nerve cell and has a cell body and neural processes (fibers)? What is the 3rd cranial nerve? Where do the olfactory nerves come from before they travel upward through the cribriform plate to the inferior surface of the olfactory bulb? What is the 1st cranial nerve and what sense does it serve? Which 2 divisions are purely sensory/afferent and which one is both? What is the 1st and smallest division of the trigeminal nerve and what is its symbol?

58.

42.

Largest

59.

43.

Largest

60.

61.

44.

Lateral cheek

62.

45.

Lateral orbital floor Lateral pterygoid muscle Lateral side of the upper eyelid, and the lacrimal gland Lesser palatine foramen Lingual to the canines and the anterior 1/3 of the hard palate Local anesthesia

63.

46.

47.

64.

Neuron Oculomotor Olfactory region of the nose

65. 66.

48.

49.

67.

Olfactory, smell Ophthalmic and maxillary, mandibular Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

68.

50.

69.

51.

Mandibular nerve V3

70.

ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular Optic chiasma Optic, sight Paralysis

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve? (V1,V2,V3) Where do the nerves of the retina of each eye connect? What is the 2nd cranial nerve and what sense does it serve? What could happen to the oculomotor nerve that would relax the eye muscle causing a drooping eyelid, dilated pupil, and slight prominence of the eyeball? The greater petrosal nerve supplies what kind of fibers to the minor salivary glands? Which nervous system induces rest or digest response such as the stimulation of salivary flow when the aroma of food is sensed because saliva aids in digestion? The autonomic nervous system is part of what nervous system? What consists of the spinal and cranial nerves and includes the autonomic nervous system? Where in the skull is the trigeminal (gasserian) ganglion located? What does the greater palatine nerve provide sensation to?

84.

71.

Preganglionic neurons (before relaying in the ganglion) and postganglionic neurons (after relaying in the ganglion) Proprioception

What are the 2 types of ganglionic neurons and definitions of each?

72.

85.

73.

What is information concerning movement and position of the body called? Where does the greater palatine nerve join the maxillary nerve? What emerges from the brain where the roots of the trigeminal nerve join? How many branches unite in the pterygopalatine fossa to form the maxillary nerve (V2)? What does the zygomaticotemporal nerve provide sensation to? What is the relation in size of the trochlear nerve to all other cranial nerves? What does the lesser palatine nerve provide sensation to? Sympathetic nerves arise where and relay in ganglia arranged like a chain running up the neck close to the vertebral column on both sides? Cranial nerve fibers to the surface of the brain are termed as having what type of origin? What muscle does the trochlear nerve supply? Where does the ophthalmic nerve (V1) enter the cranium? The frontal nerve passes from the skin of the forehead down through what hole? The autonomic nervous system has what 2 parts? Which system induces fight or flight responses such as the shutting down of salivary gland secretion when scared or nervous, resulting in a dry mouth? What is the junction between 2 neurons where impulses are transmitted by electrical or chemical means?

86.

Pterygopalatine fossa Short nerve trunk

74.

Parasympathetic

87.

75.

Parasympathetic nervous system

88.

Six

89.

Skin of temporal region

76.

Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Petrous portion of the temporal bone Posterior 2/3 of hard palate and lingual gingiva of molars and premolars Posterior superior alveolar foramina Posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA) Posteriorly Postganglionic

90.

Smallest

77.

91.

78.

Soft palate and palatine tonsils Spinal cord

92.

79.

93.

Superficial or apparent

80.

The PSA enters the maxillae through what holes located on the distal surfaces of the alveolar processes? What is the branch of the maxillary nerve (V2) that descends on the posterior surface of the maxillae? The lesser palatine nerve descends in what anatomical direction? All sympathetic neurons in the head are ______, meaning they have already relayed in a ganglion.

94.

Superior oblique Superior orbital fissure Supraorbital notch/foramen Sympathetic and parasympathetic Sympathetic nervous system

81.

95.

82.

96.

83.

97.

98.

99.

Synapse

100.

Taste

The greater petrosal nerve supplies afferent/sensory fibers for what sense in the palate? Afferent nerves carry information such as what? The deep temporal nerve is a motor nerve for what muscle? The tensor palatine nerve is a motor nerve for what muscles? What are the 5 motor/efferent branches of the mandibular nerve? What branches of the zygomatic nerve pierce the zygomatic bone? All cranial nerves are connected to some part of the surface of what structure? The ANS works without conscious control and is considered what? What structures are the nasociliary nerves sensory to? The frontal nerve is sensory to what structures? Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located? The sensory root of the mandibular division runs together with what? The lacrimal nerve runs from the lacrimal gland down the lateral border of what? The PSA nerve is sensory to what structures? Why is the nervous system and its components important for the dental professional to know? Describe the 2 roots of the trigeminal cranial nerve.

116.

Three Trigeminal (gasserian) ganglion Trigeminal, 3 Trigeminal/gasserian ganglion Trochlear Turn his eye downward and outwards Turn inwards

The ophthalmic nerve forms by the union of how many branches? Where do the roots of the trigeminal nerve join together? What is the 5th cranial nerve, and how many branches does it have? What does the maxillary nerve join after it enters the skull through the foramen rotundum? What is the 4th cranial nerve? If paralysis of the trochlear nerve occurs, what will the person be unable to do? A paralyzed trochlear nerve makes the affected eye do what, that will produce double vision? Autonomic fibers are efferent nerves and are always in _______ chains. The infraorbital nerve provides sensation to what structures?

117.

101.

Taste, pain, or proprioception Temporal muscle

118.

102.

119.

103.

Tensor palatine muscle of the soft palate Tensor palatine, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, massetric, and deep temporal Terminal

120. 121.

104.

122.

105.

123.

Two nerve chains

106.

The brain

124.

107.

The caretaker of the body

Upper lip, medial portion of cheek, lower eyelid, and side of nose Zygomaticofacial

125.

108.

The eyeball, the ethmoid sinus, and the inside/outside of the nose The forehead, bridge of the nose, and medial side of the upper eyelid The head

As the terminal branches of the zygomatic nerve pierce the zygomatic bone anteriorly, they become which nerve? As the terminal branches of the zygomatic nerve pierce and exit the zygomatic bone posteriorly, they become which nerve?

126.

Zygomaticotemporal

109.

110.

111.

The motor root

112.

The orbit

113.

The upper molar teeth and the buccal gingiva They allow for the function of the muscles, TMJ, and glands of the head, neck, and teeth Thicker sensory root and thinner motor root

114.

115.