Panpacific University North Philippines Tayug Campus

Philippine History
Topic: The Rise of Nationalism and Propaganda Movements Discussant: Theresa D. Lacson BSE-II Instructor: Ms. Shiela May Claro For 377 years or nearly 4 centuries (1521 to 1898), the Filipinos through their chosen leaders, expressed their vehement dislikes to foreign invaders by launching armed rebellions and bloody revolts.

Events during the Filipino struggles for freedom:

Waging wars by the Filipinos against the Spanish forces; Awakening of the Filipinos from Spanish bondage and abuses; Valuing of the rights of government and independence by the Filipinos; Educating of the Filipinos through the propaganda materials and movements; and Signaling to Filipinos the right to overthrow the Spanish regime.

7 Waves of Nationalism
1. The Pioneer wave(1501-1600) -Filipino warriors: Lapu-lapu (1521, Mactan), Soliman(1574, Manila), and Magalat(1596, Cagayan) - They first pioneered the courage and gallantry of defending their principles, rights, properties and culture against the Spaniards. - Lapu-lapu won in a battle against Portuguese explorer and conquistador Ferdinand Magellan in the Battle of Mactan but Soliman and Magalat were slain. 2. The Surprise wave(1601-1700) - Filipino warriors: Tamblot(1621-1622, Bohol), Bankaw(1621, Limasawa), Sumoroy(1649-1650, Samar), Maniago(1600, Pamapanga) and Malong(1660-1661, Pangasinan) - Due to absence of national unity, all native forces were subdued and their leaders brutally executed, except Maniago. 3. The Ideals wave (1701-1800) -Filipino rebels: Dagohoy(1744-1829, Bohol), Diego Silang(1762, Ilocos Region) and Palaris(1762-1765, Pangasinan) - The 3 leaders were very idealistic in their earnest quest for freedom. - They were conquered in the end by the shrewd White men. 4. The Pre-revolution wave (1801-1900) - Filipino rebels: Bayot Brothers Manuel, Jose & Joaquin(1822, Manila), Apolinario dela Cruz alyas Hermano Pule(1840-1841, Tayabas, Quezon) and Andres Bonifacio(1892-1896, Manila) - These leaders clamored for change and reforms in government bureaucracy. - Unfortunately, the Bayot brothers were apprehended and imprisoned. Hermano Pule was killed, while Bonifacio carried on his intensified campaign for revolution again the Spaniards. 5. The Propaganda wave (1882-1896) - Headed by: Dr. Jose P. Rizal( as Chief Propagandist and Pen Master), Atty. Marcelo H. del Pilar(as Political Analyst and Reason Master), and Graciano Lopez Jaena(as Eloquent Orator and Speech Master) - They were the undisputed pillars of the La Solidaridad newspaper published in Spain which was used in denouncing the abuses and wrongdoings of the Spanish officials and friars. - They ignited the ideas of nationalism and patriotism and reminded their countrymen to consider the virtues of unity, education and industry as necessary means in achieving the countrys liberty. - Jaena and Del Pilar died of sickness in Barcelona, Spain on January 4, 1896. While Dr. Rizal was shot at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896.

6. The Action wave (1892-1897) - Impulsed by the patriotic literature i.e. the Noli Me Tangere, the El Filibusterismo, the La Solidaridad, the History of French Revolution. - Bonifacio appointed Gen Emilio Jacinto as his Chief Planning Officer and Brains of Katipunan, and Dr. Pio Valenzuela as his Chief Emissary and Ambassador of Goodwill. - Bonifacio established the Katipunan government on July 7, 1892. - Bonifacio was killed in Mt. Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite on May 10, 1897 while Gen. Jacinto suffered malaria and died on April 18, 1899. 7. The Independence wave (1896-1902) -Gen. Emilio Aguianldo was elected as the new revolutionary President on March 22, 1897 in Tejeros Assembly. He appointed Gen. Antonio Luna as his Chief of Staff for Military Affairs and Atty. Apolinario Mabini as his Brain of revolution - On June 12, 1898, Gen. Aguinaldo declared the Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite. Fr. Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos and Fr. Jacinto Zamora sacrificed their lives so that Filipino senses may be activated and they shall fight for truth. On June 12, 1889, the Hispano-Filipino Association was organized in Madrid. On February 15, 1889, the La Solidaridad Movement was formed by Jena, Del Pilar and Rizal. On July 3, 1892, the La Liga Filipina was organized by Dr. Jose Rizal On July 7, 1892, the Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan ng Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (K.K.K.) was founded by Don Andres Bonifacio at Azcraga St., Tondo, Manila. Atty. Marcelo Del Pilars writings: Diarong Tagalog, Dasalan at Tuksuhan, La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas, La Frailocracia Filipino and Sagot ng Espana sa Hibik ng Filipinas. Graciano Lopez Jaenas wrtings: Fray Botod( Fat Friar), El Deluvio, La Publicidad, El Progress, La Federacion Iberica. Andres Bonifacios notes: Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa(Love Of Fatherland), Pahimakas(Farewell 1897), Marangal ng Dakilangng Katalugan, Toques Corneta(1898), Kabanatuan(1899).

Capture of the Katipuneros and the Declaration of Martial Law

On August 19, 1896, Gov. Blanco lost no time in raiding the suspected printing press and meeting places and found several plates of propaganda materials. He declared Martial Law in 8 provinces- Manila, Tarlac, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga and Batangas on August 30, 1896.

Propaganda Literature
Dr. Jose P. Rizals writings: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, the essays the Centuries Hence, To the Women of Malolos and The Indolence of Filipino People; the poems To the Filipino Youth, Hymn to the Talisay Tree, My Last Farewell. Gen. Emilio Jacintos notes: A La Patria(To My Motherland), Kartilla(alleged Bible of the Society), Liwanag at Dilim(Light and Darkness) and Kalayaan(The Katipunan Newspaper) Atty. Apolinario Mabinis notes: Decalogue, El Semil de Alejandro and El Liberal Gen. Antonio Lunas pamphlet: El Nomatzario del Paendismo in 1893 Dr. Pio Valenzulas articles: Katuwiran(Is It Fair?), Sa Mga Kabababyan(To My Countrymen) Jose Palmas poem: Filipinas in 1899 Fr. Mariano Gomezs newspaper: La Virtud(the Truth) Francisco Baltazars novel: Florante at Laura The 4-century waves of nationalism and propaganda movements of the Filipinos had proved at least 2 things: a) The continued love of country by the Filipinos, and b) Their adherence to self-government over foreign domination.