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fishing net with small plastic floats A fishing net or fishnet is a net that is used for fishing. Fishing nets are meshes usually formed by knotting a relatively thin thread. Modern nets are usually made of artificial polyamides like nylon, although nets of organic polyamides such as wool or silk thread were common until recently and are still used.
Contents
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1 Types of fishing nets o 1.1 Cast net o 1.2 Coracle net fishing o 1.3 Chinese nets o 1.4 Dragnet o 1.5 Drift net o 1.6 Drive-in net o 1.7 Fyke net o 1.8 Gillnet
1.9 Ghost net 1.10 Hand net 1.11 Lave net 1.12 Lift net 1.13 Plankton net 1.14 Seine 1.15 Stake net 1.16 Surrounding net 1.17 Tangle net 1.18 Trammel 1.19 Trawl 2 Floats 3 History 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links
o o o o o o o o o o o
A landing net
[edit] Dragnet
This is a general term which can be applied to any net which is dragged or hauled across a river or along the bottom of a lake or sea.
Main article: Drift net The drift net is a net that is not anchored. It is usually a gillnet, and is commonly used in the coastal waters of many countries.[3] Its use on the high seas is prohibited, but still occurs.
[edit] Gillnet
Main article: Gillnet The gillnet catches fish which try to pass through it by snagging on the gill covers. Thus trapped, the fish can neither advance through the net nor retreat
A special form of large hand net is the Lave net [7] now used in very few locations on the River Severn in England and Wales. The Lave net is set in the water and the fisherman waits till he feels a fish hit against the mesh and the net is then lifted. Fish as large as sturgeon are caught in lave nets.
A shore-operated lift net being used to catch small fish in the Nandu River, Hainan Province, China. A lift net has an opening which faces upwards. The net is first submerged to a desired depth, and then then lifted or hauled from the water. It can be lifted either manually or mechanically, and can be operated on a boat or from a shore.[8]
[edit] Seine
Main article: Seine fishing A seine is a large fishing net that may be arranged in a number of different ways. In purse seine fishing the net hangs vertically in the water by attaching weights along the bottom edge and floats along the top. A simple and commonly used fishing technique is beach seining, where the seine net is operated from the shore. Danish seine is a method which has some similarities with trawling. In the UK seine netting for Salmon and Sea-trout in coastal waters is only permitted in a very few locations and where it is permitted one end of the seine must remain fixed and the other end is then waded out and returns to the fixed point. This variant is called Wade netting and is strictly controlled by law.[10]
Main article: Surrounding net A surrounding net surrounds fish on the sides and underneath. It is an evolution of the seine, and is typically used by commercial fishers.[11]
[edit] Trammel
A trammel is a fishing net with three layers of netting that is used to entangle fish or crustacea.[13] A slack central layer with a small mesh is sandwiched between two taut outer layers with a much larger mesh. The net is kept vertical by the floats on the headrope and weights on the bottomrope.
[edit] Trawl
Main article: Trawling A trawl is a large net, conical in shape, designed to be towed in the sea or along the sea bottom. The trawl is pulled through the water by one or more boats, called trawlers or draggers. The activity of pulling the trawl through the water is called trawling or dragging.
[edit] Floats
Fishing net float engraved with protective pentagram; Hvide Sande, Denmark Some types of fishing nets, like seine and trammel need to be kept hanging vertically in the water by means of floats at the top.
Small floats were usually made of cork, but fishermen in places where cork was not available used other materials, like birch bark in Finland and Russia, as well as the pneumatophores of Sonneratia caseolaris in Southeast Asia.[14] These materials have now largely been replaced by plastic foam.
Glass floats were large glass balls for long oceanic nets, now substituted by hard plastic. They are used not only to keep fishing nets afloat, but also for dropline and longline fishing. Often larger floats have marker flags for easier spotting.
[edit] History
See also: History of fishing Between 177 and 180 the Greek author Oppian wrote the Halieutica, a didactic poem about fishing. He described various means of fishing including the use of nets cast from boats, scoop nets held open by a hoop, and various traps "which work while their masters sleep". Here is Oppian's description of fishing with a "motionless" net: The fishers set up very light nets of buoyant flax and wheel in a circle round about while they violently strike the surface of the sea with their oars and make a din with sweeping blow of poles. At the flashing of the swift oars and the noise the fish bound in terror and rush into the bosom of the net which stands at rest, thinking it to be a shelter: foolish fishes which, frightened by a noise, enter the gates of doom. Then the fishers on either side hasten with the ropes to draw the net ashore.
Boat-shaped pot from the Ancient China Yangshao neolithic period (ca. 5000-3000 BC). The black fishnet design on this vessel, which was used to draw water, suggests that the Neolithic Chinese were already using nets to catch fish.
Medieval Scandinavian ice fishing technique (published 1555). Pictorial evidence of Roman fishing comes from mosaics which show nets.[15] In a parody of fishing, a type of gladiator called retiarius was armed with a trident and a casting-net. He would fight against the murmillo, who carried a short sword and a helmet with the image of a fish on the front. In Norse mythology the sea giantess Rn uses a fishing net to trap lost sailors.
[edit] Gallery
Fishermen in Bangladesh
[edit] Notes
1. 2. 3. 4. ^ Casting net. ^ Shore operated stationary lift nets ^ Drift net ^ Gabriel, Otto; Andres von Brandt (2005). [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=ziAI8AZsmUoC&pg=PA308&lpg=PA308&dq=%22drivein+net%22++fish. Blackwell. ISBN 0852382804. ^ fyke net (2008) In Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved December 24, 2008, from Encyclopdia Britannica Online. ^ Fishing Tools - Landing Nets ^ Lave Net Fishing ^ Glossary: Lift net FishBase. Retrieved 25 August 2011. ^ Ichthyoplankton sampling methods Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. Modified 3 September 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2011. ^ Fish weirs on the Tf, Towy and Gwendraeth estuaries, Carmarthenshire. The Carmarthenshire Antiquary, Vol.xxxix 2003 ^ Surrounding Nets ^ Selective Fishing Methods Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved 13 November 2011. ^ Fishing Gear Types: Trammel nets, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, http://www.fao.org/fishery/geartype/223/en, retrieved 2010-09-27 ^ Wild Singapore - Berembang Sonneratia caseolaris ^ Image of fishing illustrated in a Roman mosaic.
[edit] References
Fridman AL and Carrothers PJG (1986) Calculations for fishing gear designs" (FAO fishing manual), Fishing News Books. ISBN 978-0852381410 Klust, Gerhard (1982) Netting materials for fishing gear FAO Fishing Manuals, Fishing News Books. ISBN 978-0852381182. Download PHP (9MB) Prado J and Dremire PY (eds.) (1990) Fisherman's workbook FAO, Rome. ISBN 085238-163-8. von Brandt A (1984) Fish catching methods of the world Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9780852382806.
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