CE141 HYDROLOGY QUIZ NO. 3 ANSWER KEY 1.

Given Figure 1 estimate the average precipitation using areal methods: (a) isohyetal, (b) thiessen polygon. 30 pts

Isohyets Upper 38 37 36 35 34 Total

Lower 37 36 35 34 33

A Mean Rainfall On Area 37.5 36.5 35.5 34.5 33.5

B Area Between Isohyets (ha) 130 150 300 Figure 1 450 200 1230

A*B Weighted Mean Rainfall 4875 5475 10650 15525 6700 43225

Rainfall Station A B C D E F G H I Sum Total

A Thiessen Constant (Fractional Area) 0.144 0.110 0.104 0.133 0.132 0.113 0.064 0.105 0.103 1.00

B Rainfall in Each Polygon 33.4 34.2 33.3 34.5 35.0 37.0 37.3 35.5 35.0

A*B Weighted average 4.81 3.76 3.46 4.59 4.62 4.18 2.39 3.73 3.60 35.14

Mean Rainfall = 35.14 i.e. from (43225/1230)

2. From the given data in Table 1 determine the precipitation using isohyetal method. Tabulate your calculation and take note that net area will be used in determining volume of precipitation. 10 pts Ans. Table 1 Average Precipitation (mm) 120 112 90 60 42

Isohyet (mm)

Area enclosed, (mm) 30 230 540 1020 1640

Net Area

Precipitation volume 30(120)=3600 200(112)=22400 310(90)=27900 480(60)=28800 620(42)=26040 108740

130 110 86 40 20

30 230-30 = 200 540-230=310 1020-540=480 1640-1020=620

Average Precipitation =

66.30

3. The average annual precipitation for four sub-basins constituting a large river basin is 73, 85, 112 and 101 cm. The areas are 930, 710, 1090, and 1680 km2, respectively. What is the average annual precipitation for the basin as a whole? Ans. 10 pts = 95.238 cm 4. Determine the time of concentration for Figure 2 using Equations (1 & 2), Table 2 and Figure 3. Travel time in sheet flow with P2 = 3.36, n = 0.15. Travel time in shallow concentrated flow (unpaved) with s = 0.008; travel time in open channel flow with area equal to 17 ft2, s = 0.01 and P=22 ft. 20 pts A B

Figure 2

Outlet

Table 2 Path and Flow type A B Sheet B - C Shallow Concentrated C Outlet Open Channel Length - ft 145 750 2000 Slope ft/ ft 0.005 0.008 0.010 Notes Short Grass Unpaved Flow Area = 17 ft2 Wet Perimeter = 22 ft, n = 0.05

Figure 3 Eq. (1) Eq. (2)

Ans.

1.4

750 /

60

8.9

Hydraulic Radius, R = A/P = 17/22 = 0.77 ft. 1.49 0.77 0.05

/

0.010

2.5

2000 2.5 / sec 60 22.4 5. 8.9 13.3

13.3 44.6

Answer briefly the following: (5 pts each) a. Explain unit hydrograph Ans. A hydrograph of direct runoff, i.e., excluding base flow for any storm that produces exactly 1.0 inch of net rain. b. What is the foundational assumption of unit hydrograph theory. Ans. The watershed excess release time is constant. c. Define the following (5 pts ea.): i. Steady flow Ans. It is a flow with constant discharge (Q) with respect to time. ii. Uniform flow Ans. A flow that has an equal average velocity at every cross-section. iii. Continuous flow Ans. A flow that has equal number of particle passing at any cross-section at any time.

d. What is the equation to be used in determining discharge using slope area method? Write the equation also. Ans. Manning Equation 1.49 . .