Você está na página 1de 6

Topic: Testing of hydraulic circuit

Objectives:
1. To evaluate the performance of double acting circuit with flow control valve. 2. To evaluate the tractive performance of traction wheel with Hydraulic loading. 3. To study the draft control system of IIT mini tractor.

Facility used
A hydraulically operated cone penetrometer was used in traction lab to evaluate the performance of double acting hydraulic circuit. In this we change the flow rate and at different positions of directional control valve lever in extending condition and measured the speed of penetration of cone penetrometer. In soil bin of traction lab, a powered wheel was operated initially with fixed applied dead weight on it and then same weight was applied with the help of hydraulic system as shown in fig.1 and traction performance were measured and compared. For measuring the draft of IIT mini tractor compression force at the top link was measure with the help of spring in which while operating the tractor in the field the deflection of the spring was measured with the help of potentiometer. The depth of operation was also measured with the help of potentiometer mounted on rocker arm. Instrumentation for measuring parameter 1. Sinkage meter 2. Cone penetrometer 3. Dead weight 4. Electronic platform weight balance 5. Stopwatch 6. Potentiometer

Test methodology:
To evaluate the performance of double acting hydraulic circuit with flow control valve, we measure the speed of penetration of cone penetrometer at different flow rate and at different position of directional control valve lever in extending conditions. The time taken to cover 200mm distance was measured with the help of stopwatch and speed of penetration was calculated at different position of flow control valve lever. To evaluate the tractive performance of traction wheel with Hydraulic loading initially we operate the powered wheel with fixed applied dead weight on it with the help of frame structure and then same weight was applied with the help of hydraulic system as shown in fig.1 and applied load in dynamic condition was measured with the help of ring transducer. Traction parameters such a sinkage, slip, rolling resistance, tractive efficiency, NTR, CRR and GTR were measured and calculated in both case and compared. Sinkage was measured with the help of sinkage meter. For measuring slip, the no. of revolution of wheel was measure with the help of proximity switch and the actual distance cover was also measured with the help of proximity switch for a particular time and data were fed to the data acquisition system to measure slip. The tyre pressure was measured with the help of pressure gage. The torque produced was measured with the help of torque transducer.

Fig.1 Experimental setup for applying hydraulic load

Fig.2 Movement of powered wheel on soil bin with hydraulic load

The normal load applied on the wheel was measured with the help of Electronic platform weight balance and pull was applied and measured with the help of drum dynamometer. To study the draft control system of IIT mini tractor a plot in front of testing lab was selected. The compression force at the top link of three point linkage was measure with the help of spring in which while operating the tractor attached to 5 tine cultivator with the help of three point linkage in the field, the deflection of the spring was measured with the help of potentiometer and fed to the data acquisition system which is calibrated for the calculation of deflection of spring. Again deflection of spring was calibrated to calculate the compressive force on the top link of three point linkage of IIT mini tractor. The depth of operation was also measured with the help of potentiometer mounted on rocker arm and data were collected with the help of data acquisition system and calibrated to measure depth. The spring compression was calibrated to measure compression force at the top link. Observations and calculations: Table 1: calculation of speed of penetration of cone penetrometer at different flow control valve positions Time taken to cove 200 mm Speed of penetration of cone Flow control valve position distance penerometer (mm/sec)
1 9.39 9.47 9.43 24.93 21.32 21.44 7.85 8.27 8.28 6.39 6.34 6.74 5.49 5.46 5.56 2.13 2.11 2.12 0.80 0.94 0.93 2.55 2.42 2.42 3.13 3.15 2.97 3.64 3.66 3.60

Normal load on wheel due to frame structure = 970 kg Static load applied =200kg Hydraulic load applied =200 kg Total Normal load kg =1170 kg Tyre radius = 0.6517m Tyre pressure = 14.8 psi Table 2: Measurement and calculation of traction parameters for both type of loading. Type of loading With static loading With hydraulic loading Dynamic load (kg) 208.31 Average pull (kg) 275.08 290.00 Average torque( kgm) 322.94 342.94 Actual velocity( m/s) 0.79 0.79 Axle rpm 12.45 12.43 Theoretical velocity (m/s) 0.85 0.84 slip (%) 6.85 7.39 Average sinkage (mm) 34.90 35.90 Thrust (kg) 495.53 498.53 Rolling resistance (kg) 220.46 232.79 Tractive efficiency % 51.71 50.80 GTR 0.424 0.444 CRR 0.188 0.194 NTR 0.235 0.250 Difference in load while operationg with hydraulic loading =208.31 -200 =8.31 kg

Measurement of compressive force on top link of IIT mini tractor


4.5 y = 0.1028x + 1.4785 R = 0.9993

Potentiometer reading, mV

4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5

10

15

20

25

30

Spring deflection , mm

Fig.3: Calibration curve for measurement of spring deflection

Table 3: Calibration of spring deflection for calculating load


Loading, kg 0 8.2 13 18.6 23.4 30.2 40.8 50 58 69.2 76.2 82.2 92 99.2 106.6 114.8 122.4 131 138.6 149.4 159 165 172.8 178.4 185.4 Deflection, mm 0 1 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.5 19.5 20.5 21.5 22.5 23.5 24.5 Unloading, kg 200 189.4 181.2 174.2 167.2 158 149 139.8 130 123.4 113.8 105 96.2 89.2 81.6 75 63.6 54.4 46 38.2 29.4 23.4 15.6 6.8 0 Expansion, mm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Average, mm 0 1 2.25 3.25 4.25 5.25 6.25 7.25 8.25 9.25 10.25 11.25 12.25 13.25 14.25 15.25 16.25 17.25 18.25 19.25 20.25 21.25 22.25 23.25 24.25

30

Spring deflection, mm

25 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80

y = 0.1254x + 0.7742 R = 0.9978

100

120

140

160

180

200

Force, kg

Fig. 4 calibration curve for measurement of Load on spring Table 4: Depth sensing calibration
Depth,cm Voltage,mV 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 16.22 17.04 17.21 19.61 20.85 21.84 24.24 25.6 26.97 28.46 29.51 30.64 32.12 33.67 34.97 36.22 37.57 39 41.33 42.03
Deflection (cm)

Voltage (mV)
Fig.5 Calibration curve for measurement of depth of operation

22.5

Table 5: Result of compressive force measurement of top link at different measured depth Depth, cm Force, kg Depth, cm Force, kg 8 130 8 130 8 147 7 130 6 140 10.5 137 5 130 10.5 130 9 170 7 130 9 187 6.5 130 6 130 6 137 8 154 6 130 11 183 11 156 6 130 12 158 5.5 130 12 173 5.8 132 8 142 6 130 9 158 7 130 9 158 8 130 7 140 8 130 8.5 158 8 122 9 158 9.5 125 9 140 10 130 12 158 11 130 8.5 130
170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Depth (cm)

Force (kg)

Fig.5 Compressive force-depth characteristics of top link Conclusions: 1. Flow rate from flow control valve increases, speed of penetration increases. 2. Dynamic load on wheel increases while operating with same load applied by hydraulic system. 3. Traction performance improves with hydraulic load but improvement was very less this might be due to increase in dynamic load indicated while operating with hydraulic load. 4. The draft control system of IIT mini tractor seems very simple and easy as only two potentiometers and a spring sense the axial force on top link of three point linkage and depth of operation. 5. With increase in depth of operation axial force on top link also increases up to 9cm depth but after it get reduced this might be due to non-uniform soil condition or cultivator goes into more depth where soil is loose.

Você também pode gostar