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F C D W   G E H D H c H H c H  E H  E 

Topic1:DesignProcess
TheDesignCycleModeliscentraltoastudentsunderstandingofdesignactivities.Eachelementofthedesign cyclerepresentshowdesignersprogressthroughthedesignprocesstorefinethedesignsolutioninincreasing detail.

DesignCycleModel
TheDCM comprisesofsixstages,asfollows: identifyingorclarifyinganeedor opportunity analysing,researchingandspecifying requirements generatingideasandsolutions developingthechosensolution realisingthechosensolution testingandevaluatingthechosensolution. The model emphasizes that Designing is not a linear process.

Identifying Needs Evaluating

Researching

Realising Solutions Developing Solutions

Generating Ideas

Evaluation, for example, will take place at various stages of the process, not just at the end. Similarly, ideas for possible solutions are not only generated at the generating ideas stage; some good ideas may develop even as early as the identifying needs stage. In practice, it is impossible to separate the stages of the design process as clearly as the model suggests. Identifying or clarifying a need or opportunity stage of the IB design cycle model Thecontextoftheproblemisinvestigatedanddescribedthisleadstoaconcisedesignbrief Thedesignprocesscanbeginwith: *aproblem *anidentifiedneed *amarketopportunity *ademand * a desire to addvaluetoanexistingproduct *aresponsetoopportunitiespresentedbytechnologicaldevelopments Theinitialdesignproblemisaloosecollectionofconstraints,requirements andpossibilities Thedesignbriefstatestheintendedoutcomeandthemajorconstraintswithinwhichitmustbeachieved. 6

Topic1:DesignProcess
Freehand Sketching

Freehand drawing is the spontaneous representation of ideas on paper without the use of technical aids.

Whendesignersproducefreehandsketchestheyoftenincludewritingknownasannotation. Annotations explain the thinking behind the visual image represented by the drawing. They allow the designer to consider the implications of the ideas for further development. Designersusearangeoffreehanddrawings intheearlystagesofdevelopingideastoexploreshapeandform (3D)andconstructionaldetails(2D).

A series of flat views of an object showing it exactly as it is in shape and size.

Anorthographicdrawingusuallyincludes aplanviewandfrontandendelevations butmayincludeadditionalorauxiliary views.Orthographicdrawingsare generallydrawninthirdangle(where theplanviewappearsatthetopofthe drawing)orfirstangle(wheretheplanis atthebottom).

Orthographic Drawing

The importance of orthographic drawing An orthographic drawing shows details and dimensions and can be used as a production drawing or working drawing. It is always drawn to scale; shows true dimensions, clearances and tolerances and often include a cutting list. Orthographic drawings are produced at the final solution stage and are used in the realization stage. 14