Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Mid-Semester Examination (30%)

PH 105

Answer 1

The co-ordinates of the events in S are:

E1 (0, 0, 0)
E2 (0, 3e-10m, 5e-6s)
Let us rotate S so that X coincides with S. The new co-ordinates of the events are
E1 (0, 0, 0)
E2 (3e3 *

, 3e3 *

, 5e-6)

Therefore X = 3e3 *

m, t =5e-6 s

.............(1)

In S frame t= [t {(X) * V}/c2]

We want t=0
Therefore t = (V * X)/c2
)/ c2

5e-6 = (V * 3e3
Least value of
Therefore

shall be for largest value of V, which is c.

min =

(5e-6 * c)/3e3 = (5e-6 * 3e8)/3e3 = 0.5

Therefore

min =

300

....................(2)

Least V is for largest sin

=900. This gives
Vmin = {(5e-6 * 3e8)/3e3} c
= 0.5c

Answer 2
The four events in the problem are listed below
E1: A touching X=0 line
E2: B touching X=0 line
E3: A touching X=9 line
E4: B touching X=9 line
All informations are given in ground frame (S)
Co-ordinates of E1 and E2 are obvious
E1 (0, 0, 0)
E2 (0, 2e3m, t0)
Time for A to reach X=9 line = (9e3)/0.6c = 9e3/(0.6 *3e8) = 5e-5 s
Time when B reaches X=9 line = 4e-5s as given in the problem
Therefore the co-ordinates of other 2 events are
E3 (9e3m, 0, 5e-5s)
E4 (9e3m, 2e3m, 4e-5s)
(A) B ran for (4e-5 t0) seconds with speed (30.5/2) c to reach 9 Km.
Therefore (3^0.5/2) c * (4e-5 t0) = 9e3
(3^0.5/2) c * to = (3^0.5/2) c * 4e-5 - 9e3
= (3^0.5/2) c * [4e-5 (9e3 * 2)/ (3^0.5/2) c]

Then

to = 4e-5 (18e3 / (3 * 3^0.5e8))

= (4-2*3^0.5) * e-5
= 0.536 * 10-5 s

(B) E3-E4
t = 1 * 10-5 s, even though it is not proper but X=0
Therefore t = 2 * 10-5 s (as )
t = 0.536 * 10-5 s,
t = 1.072 * 10-5 s

(C) E3-E4
t = 1 * 10-5 s
Therefore t = 1.25 * 10-5 s (as )
t = 0.536 * 10-5 s,
t = 1.25 * 0.536 * 10-5 s = 0.67 * 10-5 s

(D) Proper time interval = [(t)2 (X2 + Y2 + Z2)/c2]0.5

= [(0.536e-5)2 4e6/9e16]0.5
= [0.5362 4/9]0.5 * 10-5 s
= [-0.157]0.5 * 10-5 s
As the proper time interval is imaginary, the interval is space like. It is, therefore,
possible to find a frame in which the events are simultaneous.

(E) Proper time interval = [10-10 (4/9) * 10-10]

= [1-(4/9)] * 10-5 s
= (5/9)0.5 * 10-5 s
= 0.745 * 10-5 s
This being real, the interval is time like and it is not possible to find a frame in which
the events occur simultaneously. The proper time interval is the shortest interval
which is 0.745 * 10-5 s
This would be observed in a frame where X, Y and Z are all zero. X and Z are
already zero. In order to make y=0. The frame must travel 2e3 in 1e-5s.
Therefore V = 2e3/1e-5 = 2e8 m/s.

Answer 3
In frame (say S)
As E= 20.5 moc2
=20.5
Further 2mo2c4 = p2c2 + mo2c4
Therefore p2c2 = mo2c4
Or p = mo c
Because p= mou
Therefore 20.5 mou = moc

u = c/20.5

Can also be found out from value

In the different frame (say S)
P = 30.5 moc
Therefore E2 = 3 mo2c4 + mo2c4
Or E = 2 moc2
=2 or u = (30.5)c/2
Now,
Ux = (30.5)c/2 = (Ux V)/ (1- UxV/c2 = (c/20.5 V)/(1-(cv/(20.5*c2)))
(30.5/21.5 -1)V = (30.5/2 0.5)*c
Therefore V = - 0.159/0.388 c = 0.41c

Answer 4
(A) Lowest energy will be in C- Frame. In this frame pion would be created at rest. If
Eu is the energy of muon and Ev is the energy of neutrino, then conservation
equation give
Eu + Ev = 140 MeV
...........(1)
Ev/c = pu
...........(2)
Where
Eu = [(Ev/c)2c2 + mu2c4]
= [Ev2 + mu2c4]
............(3)
Putting in (1)
Ev2 + mu2c4 = (140 - Ev)2
Ev2 + (106)2 = 1402 + Ev2 2 * 140 Ev
Therefore Ev = (1402 1062)/280
= 29.87 MeV
Therefore Eu = 110.13 MeV

(B) The length of energy momentum four vector is given by

-[(140MeV)2/c2]
In the S frame speed of muon is 0.6c.
Therefore its energy is 1.25 muc2 = 1.25 * 106 MeV = 132.5 MeV
Its momentum is 1.25 mu * 0.6 c = 1.25 * 106/c2 * 0.6c
= 1.25 * 0.6 * 106 MeV/c
= 79.5 MeV/c
Let the energy of neutron be Evs then its momentum is Evs/c
Total energy =132.5 + Evs
Total Momentum = Evs/c + 79.5/c
From conservation of length of four vector we get
(Evs + 79.5)2 (132.5 + Evs)2 = -1402
Evs2 + 2 * 79.5 Evs + 79.52 Evs2 2 * 132.5 Evs 132.52 = -1402
(2*132.5 2* 79.5) Evs = (140)2 132.52 + 79.52
Evs = 78.906 MeV
Thus neutrino momentum = 78.906 MeV /c
The Pion energy = 132.5 + 78.906 = 211.406
Therefore = 211.406/140 = 1.51
= 1/(1-(v2/c2)) v=0.75c
Note: There may be other methods also, using momentum transformation.

Answer 5
E = 3 NA [h/(eh/kT - 1)]
Cv = dE/dT = 3NA *[e h/kT * (h/kT2)]/ (eh/kT - 1)2
For low T, h/kT large, neglect 1 in denominator
Giving Cv = (3R) ( h/kT)2 * e- h/kT
0 as exponential term dominates any polynomial
For high T, h/kT is small
Expand e h/kT and neglect higher order term
Cv = 3R (h/kT)2 1/(1 + h/kT -1)2

3R

Answer 6
v = frequency
hv1 =
hv2 =

o + Kmax1
o + Kmax2

1850 Ao
5460 Ao

v1 = 1.622 * 1015 Hz
v2 = 5.495 * 1014 Hz

h * 1.622 * 1015 =
h * 5.495 * 1014 =

o + 4.62 * 1.6 * 10-19

o + 0.18 * 1.6 * 10-19

h * (1.622 0.5495) * 1015 = (4.62 0.18) * 1.6 * 10-19

Therefore h = 7.104 * 10-19/1.0725 * 1015 = 6.62 * 10-34 Js
o = 1.0744 * 10 -18 -7.392 * 10-19
= 3.352 * 10-19 J
= 2.09 eV
Cut off frequency = 3.352 * 10-19/6.62 * 10-34

= 5.06 * 1014 Hz