Joseph Ysabal Chapter 1 : The Field of Psychology VOCABULARY psychology - the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

research psychologists - psychologists who apply their skills to discovering and testing theories about behavior applied psychologists - psychologists who make direct use of other psychologists findings and deal directly with clients philosophy - the attempt to understand behavior by using logic and reason. astrology - the prediction of behavior based on the positions of the planets and stars. Dark ages - 400 A.D. -900 A.D. ; period of chaos and civil wats when intellectual progress stopped. Middle ages - 900 A.D.-1400 A.D. ; period of little science. Renaissance the rebirth period of 1400 A.D.- 1700 A.D., during which Greek thought reappeared and much scientific exploration took place. Charles Darwin physchology still had not really begun to be a science in the formal sense. But in the 1800s Charles Darwin went on a five-year sea journey around the world. Wilhelm Wundt the father of psychology because , in 1879, he started the first laboratory for studying humans. introspection - the contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct eclecticism - the process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems neurobiological viewing behavior as the result of biology plus nerve cells. behaviorists those who believe we are the product of associations. humanistic believing that people are basically good and capable of helping themselves. Carl Rogers famous humanist, to him, every human had the porential to become great in his or her own (however small) way, with just a little guidance. B.F. Skinner the most famous behaviorist today, his interests were away from philosophy and focused only on what could be seen. Sigmund Freud developed a theory that centered around sexual and aggressive impulses that are hidden in our unconscious from early childhood. psychoanalysis - Freud's theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious

motives and conflicts cognitive approach - an approach that emphasizes how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics SQ3R survey, question, read, recite, and review; a study technique that helps you organize, understand, and remember new material. Review Questions 1. According to Charles Darwin, knowledge is learned through arguing and discussing. 2. Psychologists who use research to solve practical problems are called Research Psychologists. 3. Psychologists who study the causes of behavior are called Applied Psychologists. 4. The scientific study of behavior is called philosophy. 5. Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of psychology. True/False 6. Plato was one of the first ever to study behavior scientifically. False 7. Astrology is a branch of psychology. True 8. The human brain is remarkably similar to that of a rat. True 9. The process of introspection helped Wilhelm Wundt categorize sensations into five main areas. False 10. Eclecticism refers to a combination of psychological theories. True Matching a. behavioral approach b. psychoanalytical approach c. cognitive approach d. nuerobological approach e. humanistic approach 11. Rewards and punishments control behaivor.

12. Physical changes are emphasized. 13. Humans are basically good. 14. The unconscious plays a great role in behavior. 15. The enviroment is all imprortant. 16. Humans control their own destinies. 17. One's thoughts are emphasized. 18. Chemical changes in the brain influence behavior. 19. Sexual and aggressive impluses control behavior. 20. Internal sentences directylu influence personality. Quiz Multiple Choice 1. How did the Greeks think personality could be changed by? a. your mind b. bloodletting c. treatment 2. What was known as the rebirth period? a. Middle Ages b. Dark Ages c. Renaissance 3. Introspection was whos idea? a. Willhelm Wundt b. Charles Darwin

c. The Greeks 4. Who is the most famous behaiviorist till this day? a. Pluto b. Charles Darwin c. B.F. Skinner 5. Who believed that they are the product of associations? a. The Greeks b. Behaviorists c. Humanists True/False 1. A psychologist is someone who sits across from you, listens to your problems, and tries to help. True/False 2. The Greeks weren't remarkable. True/False 3. Psychology has the goal of understanding the human being, how and why we operate the way we do. True/False 4. The fourth and last approach is the most popular one in psychology today. True/False 5. In the last ten years many psychologists have considered Freud's theory to be negative by itself. True/False Fill In The Blank 1. Since Wundt's 1879 laboratory, psychology has expanded dramatically. 2. The best known of all theories is from Sigmund Freud. 3. The humanistic approach to human behavior arose as a reaction to the problems we've mentioned about behaivorism. 4. Psychologists know that memory is stored better if the learner is excited at the time of the event. 5. Cognitive psychologists focus on thinking skills rather than on previous learning or unconscious impluses.