SPEAR3 Final Safety Assessment Document

7.10 General Industrial Hazards

Throughout the installation and operation of SPEAR3, there exists the potential to encounter industrial hazards. Typically these types of hazards are expected to be eliminated or safeguarded through engineering and design. Those not eliminated are controlled through guards and barriers, personal protective equipment, and administrative means, in that order. These hazards are commonly referred to as OSHA type hazards. The following list provides some examples but does not limit the possibility that others might exist.
Walking-working surfaces (guarding, elevated work areas, trip hazards) Means of egress (emergency plans, fire preventions, housekeeping) Powered platforms, manlifts and other vehicle mounted platforms Need, selection and use of personal protective equipment General materials handling and storage (cranes, forklifts) Machinery and machine guarding (abrasive wheels, machine tools) Hand and portable powered tools Welding, cutting and brazing Electrical

Initiating Event All activities have a potential risk associated with them. Method of Detection Direct observation by personnel during the testing, commissioning or operational phases of the project. This includes site-specific oversight personnel who are either associated with the SPEAR3 project, matrixed in from other divisions to assist in providing ES&H support or via ES&H division subject matter experts who support the facilities effort to assure compliance to both technical and ES&H standards. For sub-contractors performing construction activities, the primary method of hazard detection will be through the pre-work hazards analysis required to be submitted under the contract with the SLAC contract administrator. ES&H staff then reviews the pre-work hazards analysis and once all parties are in agreement, it becomes part of the contract. Observation by personnel in the affected area, daily meetings with sub-contractors and a strong Stop Work/Stop Activity Program are also used as tools to identify and correct hazards. Preventive/Mitigating Features Within the SLAC framework there is extensive reference to the Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) employed at SLAC to assure hazard identification and mitigation is in place. The system allows staff at all levels to plan, perform, assess and improve their implementation of ES&H at work. The system establishes a clear line of responsibility for safety to each person doing a job at SSRL. Fundamental to the process are: Guiding Principles that can be viewed as best management practices or how SSRL/SPEAR3 does business, which are the policies that integrate ISMS at all levels; and, Core Functions, which provide the

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day-to-day tools used to translate policies into something we can all understand. While the Work Smart Standards (WSS) Set provides the laws and regulations that we have to work within at SLAC. As many injuries and illnesses come about because of poor work planning, the core function framework can be applied to all tasks. From the simple and potentially hazardous, such as using a power saw to cut a piece of wood, to the complex and potentially hazardous, such as operating heavy equipment or running complicated experiment. SLAC has adopted the ISMS process and promotes its values at all working levels.

Define Scope of Work

Obtain Feedback & Improve

Integrated Safety Management

Analyze Hazards

Perform Work

Develop & Implement Hazard Controls

Figure 7-5. Integrated Safety Management Core Functions A list of Guiding Principles and Core Functions follows: Guiding Principles
Everyone (employee, user, subcontractor) is responsible and accountable for the safe conduct of their own activities.

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There are clear roles and lines of responsibility, authority and accountability at all levels of the organization. Everyone has the right to tell someone to stop a potentially dangerous or environmental threatening activity. Everyone in the workforce has the experience, knowledge, skills and abilities to perform their work safely and competently. Management allocates resources (money, time, effort) to ensure work can be performed safely. Hazards shall be evaluated and appropriately controlled before work is performed to provide adequate protection to employees, the public and the environment. Engineered or administrative controls shall be in place to mitigate to acceptable levels work associated hazards. No work will be performed unless it can be done safely.

Core Functions
Define the Scope of Work What is the job?
Supervisors/Managers/Responsible Persons define what work needs to be done to achieve the mission of the lab. Within this they set expectations, prioritize tasks and allocate resources.

Analyze the Hazard What safety hazards are present or possible?

During this step the hazards associated with a particular job, task or project are identified and analyzed to determine regulatory and compliance needs.

Develop and Implement Hazard Controls How can this job be performed safely?
After identifying the standards or regulations pertaining to a hazard or category of hazards, solutions are proposed to minimize risks, allowing for a safe and healthful work place. Implementation of the safety controls that mitigate or reduce hazards to acceptable levels is employed and the safety envelope is established.

Perform Work within Controls Dont take chances, cut corners or rush to finish a job
Confirm the readiness of the safety controls to do their job (such as shielding for radiation or providing PPE to workers who may need it) and perform the work safely.

Provide for Feedback and Continuous Improvement Make a note if the job could have been done in a better way or more safely, and make the change happen.
As within any system, feedback (such as from participation in daily installation meetings, meetings with supervisors, staff meetings, lessons learned programs, etc.) is a necessity to understand what works and what doesnt work. This process allows for real time intervention and provides assurance the safety system operates to expectations.

Additional factors in the SLAC ISMS system are shown below: Work Smart Standards Set The laws and regulations that specify the ES&H requirements for the laboratory have been identified through a site analysis of potential hazards and are contained in the SLAC Work Smart Standards (WSS) Set. These requirements are extensive. While it is not necessary that everyone know the details of these laws and regulations, it is necessary that workers know about the hazards of their job or task and that managers and supervisors know how and where to obtain help in defining which part of the WSS Set applies to their activities, such as from the project Safety Engineer (or designee), supervisors or other project management staff.

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Ownership SLAC policies make it clear that the responsibility for safety and environmental protection starts with the Director and flows through the management chain to Associate Directors (ADs), to Department Heads and Group Leaders, to line supervisors, and finally to the workers. It is the responsibility of managers and supervisors to ensure that people are trained and prepared to perform the work that they are assigned. Hiring qualified and properly trained individuals helps to accomplish this. Additional training is completed on the job. The Environment, Safety, and Health (ES&H) Division offers specific training courses in practices and procedures for dealing with safety and environmental problems. The ES&H Division provides the Employee Training Assessment (ETA) tool that is designed to provide guidance on which courses should be taken and the Training Database to allow managers to track their employees completion of required training and training status. All individuals at SLAC who work in Industrial Areas or enter any RCA or the Accelerator Area must be either properly trained or escorted by a properly trained individual. Specific training and identification (ID) are required to enter the Accelerator Area. Individuals who enter the Accelerator area are either:
1. Trained appropriately for any industrial hazards

OR
2. Escorted by a trained individual

There are various levels of training that relate to levels and duration of site access. The required level of training depends on:
Areas to be accessed Length of stay Specific Radiological Area to be accessed The duration of time in the area Whether an individual is to be escorted or unescorted Hazards identified in work area

The SLAC training courses that determine what levels of access personnel have are:
Safety Orientation for Non-SLAC Employees (SO) Employee Orientation to Environment, Safety, and Health (EOESH) General Employee Radiological Training (GERT) Radiological Worker Training I (RWT I) Radiological Worker Training II (RWT II)

Note: The specific level of radiological training required is dependent on the type of Radiological Area entered. (Refer to Figure 7-6.)

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Figure 7-6. Table 2-1 From SLAC Site Access and Identification Badges Policies and Procedures

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Initiating Event Personnel do not properly observe hazard controls and/or become exposed to industrial hazards, such as working on elevated surfaces without proper fall protection devices. Method of Detection Either direct observation by personnel and their supervisors or by oversight from other SLAC staff. Preventive/Mitigating Factors Every day, managers and supervisors make decisions about allocating resources of people and money. It is important that safety and environmental protection concerns are included when making these decisions. This must be done for the protection of workers and the environment, and to ensure that SLAC complies with federal and state laws and regulations. There is a formal process to include ES&H concerns when planning major maintenance and upgrade projects. However, for normal daily activities, managers and supervisors are responsible for ensuring proper procedures are followed so that:
Workers safety and health are protected Environment is protected Hazards are identified and mitigated Compliance is assured

Strong Stop Work and Stop Activity programs are also promoted to ALL employees and contract personnel. These programs provide a means for anyone to stop part or all of a given job if they deem an activity or task to be hazardous in nature. The program also provides the framework for a quick resolution to all potential ES&H issues that may come out of the stop work/activity process. Consequences Personnel might encounter OSHA type hazards during the lifetime of SPEAR3. With the programs SLAC has for hazard identification, mitigation and ES&H training, we believe individuals are able to recognize hazards and are knowledgeable about the processes available to them to either mitigate the hazard or stop an activity until the hazard has been evaluated. With the programs outlined above, the consequences of an industrial type hazard would be low. Likelihood The probability for a worker to be injured by exposure to an industrial hazard event during the operation of the accelerator is deemed to be unlikely. Risk The risk from this operation is acceptable.

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