Unit 11: Moments

1. The diagram shows a gauge, which measures the amount of liquid in a tank. 5. If a nut and bolt are difficult to undo, it may be easier to turn the nut by using a longer spanner. This is because the longer spanner gives A a larger turning moment. C less friction. B a smaller turning moment. D more friction 6. A pivoted uniform bar is in equilibrium under the action of the forces shown.

At which position should the pivot be placed so that the pointer moves the greatest distance as the tank is emptied? 2. A driver's foot presses on a pedal in a car with a force of 20 N as shown in the diagram. What is the magnitude of the force F? A2N B4N C8N D 14 N 7. A uniform beam is pivoted at its midpoint. An object is placed on the beam as shown. Which force will rebalance the system?

With what force is the spring pulled? A 2.5 N B 10 N C 100 N D 160 N

E 800 N

3. The diagram shows a uniform beam pivoted at its centre. Forces of 3 N and 4 N act in the directions shown.

A 20 N acting downwards, 40 cm to the right of the midpoint B 20 N acting upwards, 40 cm to the right of the midpoint C 50 N acting downward, 10 cm to the right of the midpoint D 50 N acting upward, 10 cm to the left of the midpoint 8. The uniform beam of weight 30N and length 4m is hinged at end A, as in the next figure. Which is the force F, in N, which must be applied vertically upwards at a distance of 1m from end B so that the beam is horizontal?

What is the size and position of the upward force, which will prevent the beam from turning? size position A 1N X B 1N Y C 7N X D 7N Y 4. A door requires a minimum moment of 32.5 Nm in order to open it.

A 60N

B 50N

C 40N

D 30N

E 20N

9. The next figure shows three positions of the pedal on a bicycle, which has a crank 0.20m long. If the cyclist exerts the same vertically downward push of 25 N with his foot, in which case is the turning effect (a) 25 X 0.2 = 5.0 Nm, (b) 0 (c) between 0 and 5 Nm? Explain your answers.

What is the minimum distance of the handle from the hinges, if the door is to be pulled open with a force at the handle not greater than 50 N? A 0.33 m B 0.65 m C 0.77 m D 1.54 m

10. A plank of wood is balanced on a brick. A boy stands at a point 30 cm from the centre. Ten 1 kg masses are placed on the plank 1.5 m from the centre on the opposite side and the beam balances. What is the mass of the boy?

On figure draw arrows to show the other two vertical forces that act on the wheelbarrow. b) Determine: (i) the moment of the 20 N force about the centre of the wheel A, (ii) the distance between points A and M. 14. A metre rule is supported on a knife-edge placed at the 40cm graduation. It is found that the metre rule balances horizontally when a mass which has a weight of 0.45 N is suspended at the 15 cm graduation, as shown in the diagram.

a)

11. A light beam is supported at its centre and two forces of 5 newtons and 10 newtons act on it Calculate the moment, about the knife-edge in this balanced condition, of the force due to the mass of the rule, If the weight of the rule is 0.90 N, calculate the position of its centre of gravity.

a) If the beam balances, at what distance from the centre must the 10 newton force act? b) What upward force is exerted by the support on the beam? 12. A light beam is balanced as shown in figure by the force due to the spring acting on one side of the balance point and by a mass of 200 g on the other side. The gravitational force is 10 newtons on every kilogram.

15.

A knife-edge is placed at the 62.0 cm mark of the uniform metre rule shown in the diagram. In order to balance the rule horizontally, a weight of 0.24 N is hung from one end. Show this weight on the diagram and also mark the weight, W, of the rule acting in the correct position. Calculate the weight, W, of the rule. 16.

a) What is the downward gravitational force acting on the 200g mass? b) What downward force must be exerted by the spring? 13. Next figure shows an empty wheelbarrow, which weighs 80 N. The operator pulls upwards on the handles with a force of 20 N to keep the handles horizontal. The point marked M is the centre of mass of the wheelbarrow.

AC represents a trap door of width 100cm, which is hinged at A. The weight of the trap door is 30 N and its centre of gravity is 45cm from A. An object is placed on the trap door so that its weight of 40 N acts through B, which is 25cm from A. Show on the diagram these two forces and add a force applied vertically at C, which just lifts the door. Calculate the magnitude of this force at C.

17.The board shown in the diagram is hinged at A and supported by a vertical rope at B, 3.0 m from A. A boy of weight 600 N stands at the end D of the board, which is

5.0 m from the hinge. Neglecting the weight of the board, calculate the tension T in the rope. If the board were uniform and of weight 48 N, calculate the tension in the rope.

This figure shows a plank of mass 5.0 kg and length 3.00 m resting horizontally on two trestles, P and Q, which are a distance of 2.50 m apart. When a student of mass 60.0 kg walks along the plank from one trestle to the other, the plank sags. 18. Calculate the downward force exerted on each trestle when the student is a distance of: a) 0.50 m from trestle P, (Take g = 10.0 N/kg) b) 1.25 m from trestle P. 21. The diagram shows a building site crane. a) What is the purpose of the concrete block at one end of the jib? A uniform plank, AB, of length 4.0m and weight 500 N is suspended by a vertical rope at each end. A girl of weight 300 N stands in the position shown, 1.2m from the end, A. By taking moments about A, calculate the tension in the rope supporting the end B. Would you expect the tension in the rope at A to be larger or smaller than that in the rope at B? State a reason for your answer. b) If the mass of the concrete is 1500kg, what weight force does it have? (Take g = 10 N/kg) Give units with your answer.

19. Next figure shows a uniform metre rule, freely pivoted at a point 20 cm from end P.

The rule is kept horizontal by means of a 120g mass suspended 5.0 cm from end P. a) Write down the size of the vertical force acting 5.0 cm from P. b) Use the principle of moments to help you determine the mass of the metre rule.

c) The bucket is being filled with concrete. If the combined weight of the bucket and the concrete is 4500 N, how far out from the centre of the tower should the crane operator position the bucket so that there is no torque about the tower? (Ignore the mass of the jib).Show your working and give units with your answer. 22.The diagram shows the electromagnet just above an iron rod, which is pivoted at one end. A box is hanging from the other end.

20.

Ignore the mass of the rod in the following questions. a) What is the mass of the box?

b) What is the clockwise torque given to the rod by the 3 N force? Include the Sl unit for torque in your answer. c) (i) What principle makes it possible to find the force provided by the electromagnet? (ii) What is the torque provided by the electromagnet? (iii) What is the force provided by the electromagnet? d) Suppose the electromagnet is shifted out until it is 0.6m from the pivot as shown below.

b) Work out the mass of the kumara shown (in kilograms). (Show your reasoning)

c) The device is not useful for measuring very heavy masses. What is the largest mass Steve could measure with this device? If the electromagnetic force has the same value as before, what downward force is required on the end to keep the rod balanced? 23. The cyclist finds she has to stand so that her full weight (550 N) is on the pedals. a) In the box provided to the right of the diagram, draw the position of the pedal when she is exerting maximum torque. d) Jenny suggests that if they used a slider twice as heavy as the one they are using at present, they could measure much larger masses as well as light ones. Is she right? Discuss. 25. Henry uses the light seesaw shown below to measure Mary's mass.

b) Calculate the size of the maximum torque.

a) Use the information in the diagram to calculate Mary's mass. Show your working. b) Could this seesaw method be used to find Marys mass on the planet Mars? Explain.

24. Steve and Jenni are selling vegetables at an open-air market. Steve sets up a device for measuring the mass of the vegetables. The vegetables are placed in the bucket. Steve slides a slider weight on the rod until it balances the bucket. The mass is worked out from the position of the slider. To help him work this out, Steve records the slider position with some known masses. Here is Steve's data: Steves data Mass (kg) 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 Slider position (cm) 4 19 34 64 94

26. The diagram below shows a mousetrap.

The mousetrap works as follows. As the mouse walks towards the cheese, the plank tips and the mouse falls conveniently near to Boris, the cat. Complete the following calculations to see how far along the plank the mouse can go before the plank tips.

a)

A customer wants 2.2 kg of tomatoes. Where should Jenny place the slider? (Show your reasoning)

a) Calculate the turning moment of the counter balance weight about the pivot.

b)

The weight of the plank may be taken to act through the 50 cm mark. Calculate the total turning moment of the cheese and the plank about the pivot. What is the minimum distance from the support beyond which the mouse will overbalance the trap and make Boris a happy cat?

c)