RTN 620 Product Description (V100R005C01 - 02)

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System V100R005C01
Product Description
Issue Date 02 2011-12-20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description
About This Document
About This Document
Related Versions
Product Name OptiX RTN 620 iManager U2000 Web LCT OptiX 600 ODU OptiX XMC ODU Version V100R005C01 V100R006C00 V100 V100
Intended Audience
This document is intended for network planning engineers. Before you read this document, ensure that you have acquired the basic knowledge of digital microwave communication.
Symbol Conventions
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About This Document
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Description Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
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Update History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 02 (2011-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R005C01

This document is the second release for the V100R005C01 version. The updated contents are as follows: Update 1.2 Components 6.1 RF Performance Description The descriptions about new frequency band ODUs are added.
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About This Document
Updates in Issue 01 (2011-09-25) Based on Product Version V100R005C01

This document is the first release of the V100R005C01 version.
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Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Positioning..........................................................................................................................................................2 1.2 Components........................................................................................................................................................4 1.3 Radio Link Form................................................................................................................................................8
2 Functions and Features.................................................................................................................9

2.1 Microwave Type...............................................................................................................................................11 2.1.1 PDH Radio...............................................................................................................................................11 2.1.2 SDH Radio...............................................................................................................................................11 2.1.3 Hybrid Radio...........................................................................................................................................12 2.2 Modulation Strategy.........................................................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Fixed Modulation....................................................................................................................................13 2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation...............................................................................................................................13 2.3 RF Configuration Modes..................................................................................................................................14 2.4 Interfaces..........................................................................................................................................................15 2.4.1 Service Interfaces....................................................................................................................................15 2.4.2 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces.....................................................................................................16 2.5 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation...................................................................................................18 2.6 Automatic Transmit Power Control.................................................................................................................18 2.7 Ethernet Processing Capability.........................................................................................................................19 2.8 Clock Features..................................................................................................................................................21 2.9 Protection Capability........................................................................................................................................21 2.10 Network Management....................................................................................................................................22 2.11 Easy Installation.............................................................................................................................................22 2.12 Easy Maintenance...........................................................................................................................................23
3 Product Architecture...................................................................................................................24
3.1 System Architecture.........................................................................................................................................25 3.2 Hardware Architecture......................................................................................................................................26 3.2.1 IDU..........................................................................................................................................................26 3.2.2 ODU.........................................................................................................................................................30 3.3 Software Architecture.......................................................................................................................................31 3.3.1 NMS Software.........................................................................................................................................31 Issue 02 (2011-12-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. v
Contents
3.3.2 IDU Software...........................................................................................................................................31 3.3.3 ODU Software.........................................................................................................................................31 3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow.......................................................................................................................32 3.4.1 SDH/PDH Radio......................................................................................................................................32 3.4.2 Hybrid Radio...........................................................................................................................................33
4 Networking...................................................................................................................................37
4.1 SDH/PDH Radio...............................................................................................................................................38 4.1.1 Chain Networking....................................................................................................................................38 4.1.2 Ring Networking.....................................................................................................................................39 4.2 Hybrid Radio....................................................................................................................................................39 4.2.1 Chain Networking....................................................................................................................................40 4.2.2 Ring Networking.....................................................................................................................................41
5 Network Management System..................................................................................................42

5.1 Network Management Solution........................................................................................................................43 5.2 Web LCT..........................................................................................................................................................43 5.3 U2000...............................................................................................................................................................45
6 Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................46
6.1 RF Performance................................................................................................................................................47 6.1.1 Radio Working Modes.............................................................................................................................47 6.1.2 Frequency Band.......................................................................................................................................49 6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity.................................................................................................................................53 6.1.4 Distortion Sensitivity...............................................................................................................................59 6.1.5 Transceiver Performance.........................................................................................................................60 6.1.6 IF Performance........................................................................................................................................67 6.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem.......................................................................67 6.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability.......................................................................................................................68 6.2.1 Predicted Component Reliability.............................................................................................................68 6.2.2 Predicted Link Reliability........................................................................................................................68 6.3 Interface Performance.......................................................................................................................................69 6.3.1 SDH Interface Performance.....................................................................................................................69 6.3.2 PDH Interface Performance.....................................................................................................................71 6.3.3 Ethernet Interface Performance...............................................................................................................72 6.3.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance.............................................................................................................74 6.4 Jitter Performance.............................................................................................................................................75 6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance............................................................................................76 6.6 Integrated System Performance........................................................................................................................76
7 Standards Compliance................................................................................................................80
7.1 ITU-R Standards...............................................................................................................................................81 7.2 ETSI Standards.................................................................................................................................................81 7.3 Relevant IEC Standards....................................................................................................................................82 7.4 ITU-T Standards...............................................................................................................................................83 Issue 02 (2011-12-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. vi
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7.5 IETF Standards.................................................................................................................................................85 7.6 IEEE Standards.................................................................................................................................................85 7.7 Environmental Standards..................................................................................................................................86
A Glossary........................................................................................................................................89
A.1 0-9....................................................................................................................................................................90 A.2 A-E...................................................................................................................................................................90 A.3 F-J....................................................................................................................................................................99 A.4 K-O................................................................................................................................................................104 A.5 P-T.................................................................................................................................................................110 A.6 U-Z.................................................................................................................................................................118
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1 Introduction
1
About This Chapter
Introduction
The OptiX RTN 620 is one of the series products of the OptiX RTN 600 radio transmission system. 1.1 Positioning The OptiX RTN 620 is a split radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It can provide a seamless radio transmission solution for the mobile communication network or private networks. 1.2 Components The OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU 620 and the ODU. Each ODU is connected to the IDU 620 through an IF cable. 1.3 Radio Link Form The OptiX RTN 620 provides the radio links of different forms by flexibly configuring different IF boards and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application scenarios.
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1 Introduction
1.1 Positioning
The OptiX RTN 620 is a split radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It can provide a seamless radio transmission solution for the mobile communication network or private networks. The OptiX RTN 620 provides several types of service interfaces, and features flexible configuration and easy installation. In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can provide a TDM microwave and Hybrid microwave integrated solution according to the network requirements, and supports the hybrid networking of microwave and optical fibers. l TDM radio transmission solution In the TDM radio transmission solution, the OptiX RTN 620 transmits TDM services at the E1, E3, and STM-1 levels, and Ethernet services in the manner of Ethernet over SDH or Ethernet over PDH. Figure 1-1 TDM radio transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 620
E1 E1 E1
E1
FE STM-1/ E1 STM-1/ E1 Regional Backhaul Network BSC
E1 FE FE E1
FE/ GE RNC
OptiX RTN 620
MSTP
BTS
NodeB
BSC
RNC
Hybrid radio transmission solution The OptiX RTN 620 supports an upgrade from the TDM radio transmission solution to the Hybrid radio transmission solution, and can transmit the Native E1 service and Native Ethernet service.
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Figure 1-2 Hybrid radio transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 620
FE FE E1 E1
E1 E1 STM-1/E1 E1 Regional Backhaul Network FE/GE GE
E1 FE E1 FE
OptiX RTN 620
NodeB
BTS
RNC
BSC
Radio and optical fiber hybrid networking solution The OptiX RTN 620 can be networked with other OptiX transmission products. Thus, it can provide an optical transmission and radio transmission seamlessly integrated solution to transmit SDH, PDH, and Ethernet services. Figure 1-3 Hybrid transmission network of the OptiX RTN 620 and other OptiX transmission products
STM-4 ring
SDH/PDH/ Ethernet
STM-1 ring
SDH/PDH/ Ethernet
OptiX RTN 620
MSTP
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1 Introduction
1.2 Components
The OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU 620 and the ODU. Each ODU is connected to the IDU 620 through an IF cable.
IDU 620
The IDU 620 is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 620. It accesses services, performs multiplexing/demultiplexing and IF processing of the services, and provides system control and communication function. Table 1-1 provides the brief introduction to the IDU 620 . Table 1-1 Brief introduction to the IDU 620 Item Chassis height Pluggable Service interfaces Ethernet processing capability Performance 2U Supported E1, E3, STM-1o, STM-1e, STM-4, FE, GE l Supports the VLAN and QinQ. l Supports the transparent transmission, supports EPL, EVPL, EPLAN, and EVPLAN. l Supports QoS (including CAR, CoS, and shaping) functions, traffic classification based on VLAN ID, IEEE 802.1p, and DSCP, eight priority queues, and SP + WRR queue scheduling. l Supports Ethernet OAM based on IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah. l Supports the LAG. l Supports the LPT. l Supports the Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS) protection. l Supports the Ethernet over SDH or Ethernet over PDH. l Supports synchronous Ethernet. Number of microwave directions RF configuration mode 1 to 4 l 1+0 non-protection configuration l N+0 non-protection configuration (N4) l 1+1 protection configuration l N+1 protection configuration (N = 2 or N = 3) l XPIC configuration
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NOTE
1 Introduction
The Hybrid microwave and the PDH microwave do not support the N+1 protection configuration and the XPIC configuration.
Figure 1-4 IDU 620
ODU
The ODU is the outdoor unit of the OptiX RTN 620. It performs frequency conversion and amplification of signals. The OptiX RTN 620 provide a complete ODU solution, and support an entire frequency band from 6 GHz to 38 GHz. OptiX RTN 620 supports the RTN 600 ODU and RTN XMC ODU. The OptiX RTN 620 supports three series ODU: standard power, high power, and low capacity for PDH to meet the requirements of different scenarios.
NOTE
Unlike the other frequency bands that use 14 MHz, 28 MHz, or 56 MHz channel spacing, the 18 GHz frequency band uses 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, or 55 MHz channel spacing correspondingly.
Table 1-2 RTN 600 ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 620 Item Description Standard Power ODU ODU type Frequency band SP and SPA 7/8/11/13/15/18/23/ 26/38 GHz (SP ODU) 6/7/8/11/13/15/18/2 3 GHz (SPA ODU) High Power ODU HP, HPA 6/7/8/10/10.5/11/13/ 15/18/23/26/28/32/3 8 GHz (HP ODU) 6 GHz (HPA ODU) Low Capacity for PDH ODU LP 7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz (LP ODU)
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Item
Description Standard Power ODU High Power ODU QPSK/16QAM/ 32QAM/64QAM/ 128QAM/256QAM 7/14/28/40/56 MHz (6/7/8/10/11/13/15/1 8/23/26/28/32/38 GHz frequency band) 7/14/28 MHz (10.5 GHz frequency band) Low Capacity for PDH ODU QPSK/16QAM
Microwave modulation mode Channel spacing
QPSK/16QAM/ 32QAM/64QAM/ 128QAM/256QAM 3.5/7/14/28 MHz
3.5/7/14/28 MHz
Table 1-3 RTN XMC ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 620 Item Description High Power ODU ODU type Frequency band Microwave modulation mode Channel spacing XMC-2 7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38/42 GHz QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/ 128QAM/256QAM 7/14/28/40/56 MHz Low Capacity for PDH ODU XMC-1 7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz QPSK/16QAM
3.5/7/14/28 MHz
There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and separate mounting. l The direct mounting method is generally adopted when a small- or medium-diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one antenna, the ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are configured for one antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid coupler) must be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna. Figure 1-5 shows the direct mounting. The direct mounting method can also be adopted when a small- or medium-diameter and dual-polarized antenna is used. Two ODUs are mounted onto an antenna using an orthomode transducer (OMT). The method for installing an OMT is similar to that for installing a hybrid coupler.
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Figure 1-5 Direct mounting
The separate mounting method is generally adopted when a large- or medium-diameter and single- or dual-polarized antenna is used. Figure 1-6 shows the separate mounting. In this situation, a hybrid coupler can be mounted to enable two ODUs to share one feed boom. Figure 1-6 Separate mounting
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 620 provides an entire frequency band antenna solution, and supports the single-polarized antenna and dual-polarized antenna with a diameter of 0.3 m to 3.7 m and the corresponding feeder system.
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1.3 Radio Link Form

The OptiX RTN 620 provides the radio links of different forms by flexibly configuring different IF boards and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application scenarios. Table 1-4 Radio link forms of the OptiX RTN 620 Radio Link Form PDH radio link SDH/PDH radio link XPIC SDH radio link Hybrid radio link Type of the IF Board IF0A/IF0B IF1A/IF1B IFX IFH2 Type of ODU Low capacity for PDH ODU The standard power ODU or the high power ODU The standard power ODU or the high power ODU The standard power ODU or the high power ODU
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2 Functions and Features
2
About This Chapter
Functions and Features
The OptiX RTN 620 provides various functions and features to ensure the quality and efficiency of service transmission. 2.1 Microwave Type The OptiX RTN 620 supports several microwave types. 2.2 Modulation Strategy The SDH microwave and the PDH microwave support the fixed modulation. The Hybrid microwave supports the fixed modulation and adaptive modulation. 2.3 RF Configuration Modes The OptiX RTN 620 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration, N+0 non-protection configuration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration, and XPIC configuration. 2.4 Interfaces The OptiX RTN 620 has various interface types. 2.5 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation The cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) is a technology used together with cochannel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the radio link capacity over the same channel. 2.6 Automatic Transmit Power Control The automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function enables the output power of the transmitter to automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end. This technology reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER rate. 2.7 Ethernet Processing Capability The OptiX RTN 620 provides powerful Ethernet service processing capability. 2.8 Clock Features The following clock features of the OptiX RTN 620 meet the requirements for transporting the clock of the mobile communication network. 2.9 Protection Capability The OptiX RTN 620 provides comprehensive protection schemes.
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2.10 Network Management The OptiX RTN 620 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and provides complete NM information exchange schemes. 2.11 Easy Installation The OptiX RTN 620 supports several installation modes. Therefore, the installation is flexible and convenient. 2.12 Easy Maintenance The OptiX RTN 620 provides several maintenance features. Therefore, it can effectively reduce the cost of equipment maintenance.
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2.1 Microwave Type

The OptiX RTN 620 supports several microwave types.
2.1.1 PDH Radio

The PDH radio refers to the radio system that transmits only the PDH services (mainly, the E1 services).
NOTE
The IF0A/IF0B/IF1A/IF1B board supports PDH radio.
Different from the traditional PDH radio equipment, the OptiX RTN 620 embeds the MADM, which grooms E1 services and E1 signals of the SDH line to the microwave port through the cross-connect matrix, and then transmits the signals over the PDH microwave. In this manner, the free grooming of services and the seamless convergence with the optical transmission network are realized. Figure 2-1 PDH radio
SDH IDU ODU PDH radio
OH
MADM
E1
2.1.2 SDH Radio

The SDH radio refers to the microwave radio system that transmits SDH services.
NOTE
The IF1A/IF1B/IFX board supports SDH radio.
The OptiX RTN 620 embeds the MADM, which grooms services to the microwave port through cross-connections, maps the services into the STM-1-based microwave frames, and then transmits the STM-1-based microwave frames. In this manner, the free grooming of services and the seamless convergence with the optical transmission network are realized.
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Figure 2-2 SDH radio

SDH IDU ODU SDH radio
OH
MADM
OH
E1
2.1.3 Hybrid Radio

The Hybrid radio refers to the microwave radio system that transmits Native E1 services and Native Ethernet services in hybrid mode. The Hybrid radio can support the AM function.
NOTE
The IFH2 board supports Hybrid microwave.
The OptiX RTN 620 embeds the MADM and the packet processing platform. The MADM transmits E1 services that are accessed locally or extracted from the SDH to the microwave port. In addition, after processing the accessed Ethernet services in the unified manner, the packet processing platform transmits the Ethernet services to the microwave port. The microwave port maps the E1 services and the Ethernet services into Hybrid microwave frames and then transmits the Hybrid microwave frames. Figure 2-3 Hybrid microwave
IDU E1 MADM Ethernet Packet processing ODU Hybrid radio
Native E1 and native Ehernet
2.2 Modulation Strategy

The SDH microwave and the PDH microwave support the fixed modulation. The Hybrid microwave supports the fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.
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2.2.1 Fixed Modulation

The fixed modulation refers to a modulation strategy wherein a modulation mode is adopted invariably when the radio link is running. When the OptiX RTN 620 uses the fixed modulation, you can set the modulation mode by using the software.
2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation

The adaptive modulation (AM) is a technology wherein the modulation mode can be adjusted automatically according to the channel quality. When the AM technology is adopted, in the case of the same channel spacing, the microwave service bandwidth varies according to the modulation scheme; the higher the modulation efficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services. l When the channel quality is good (such as on days when weather conditions are favorable), the equipment adopts a high-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit more user services. This improves transmission efficiency and spectrum utilization of the system. When the channel quality deteriorates (such as on days with adverse weather), the equipment adopts a low-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit only higher-priority services within the available bandwidth while discarding lower-priority services. This method improves anti-interference capabilities of the radio link, which helps ensure the link availability for higher-priority services.
When the Hybrid microwave equipment adopts the AM technology, it controls service transmission based on the service bandwidth and QoS policy corresponding to the current modulation mode. l l The E1 services have the highest priority to ensure normal transmission all the time. By adopting the CoS technology, the equipment schedules the Ethernet services of different types to the queues with different priorities. The services in the queues with different priorities are transmitted to the microwave port through the SP or WRR algorithm. When the queues with certain priorities are congested because of insufficient microwave bandwidth, certain or all services in the queues with these priorities are discarded.
Figure 2-4 shows the service change caused by the AM. The orange part indicates the E1 services. The blue part indicates the Ethernet services. The closer to the edge of the blue part, the lower is the priority of the Ethernet service. Under all channel conditions, the E1 services occupy the specific bandwidth that is permanently available. Thus, the availability of the E1 services is ensured. The bandwidth for the Ethernet services varies with the channel conditions. When the channel is in bad conditions, the Ethernet services with a low priority are discarded.
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Figure 2-4 Adaptive modulation
256QAM 128QAM 32QAM QPSK 256QAM Channel Capability 64QAM E1 Services Ethernet Services 128QAM 32QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM
The AM technology adopted by the OptiX RTN 620 has the following features: l l l l l The AM technology can use the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM modulation modes. The lowest modulation mode (also called "reference mode") and the highest modulation mode (also called "nominal mode") actually used by the AM can be set. When the modulation modes of the AM are switched, the transmit frequency, receive frequency, and channel spacing do not change. When the modulation modes of the AM are switched, the step-by-step switching method is adopted. In AM, modulation scheme switching is hitless. When the modulation scheme is downshifted, high-priority services will not be affected when low-priority services are discarded. The switching is successful even when 100 dB/s channel fast fading occurs.
2.3 RF Configuration Modes

The OptiX RTN 620 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration, N+0 non-protection configuration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration, and XPIC configuration. Table 2-1 provides the RF configuration modes that are supported by the OptiX RTN 620. Table 2-1 RF configuration modes Configuration Mode 1+0 non-protection configuration
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Maximum Number of Configurations 4

14
Configuration Mode N+0 non-protection configuration N=2 N = 3 or N = 4
Maximum Number of Configurations 2 1 2 1 1 2
1+1 protection configuration (1+1 HSB/FD/SD) N+1 protection configuration XPIC configuration 2+1 (for one NE) 3+1 (for two NEs)
NOTE
The Hybrid microwave and the PDH microwave do not support the N+1 protection configuration and the XPIC configuration.
2.4 Interfaces
The OptiX RTN 620 has various interface types.
2.4.1 Service Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 620 provides different types of service interfaces by housing different types of service interface boards. Table 2-2 Service interfaces provided by different types of service interface boards Type of the service interface board PO1 Service Interface Number of Interfaces Provided by One Board 8
75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface (DB44) 120-ohm E1 interface (RJ45)
PH1 PD1 PL3 SL4 SL1
75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface (DB44) 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface (MDR68) 75-ohm E3/T3 interface (SMB) STM-4 optical interfaces (SFP): S-4.1, L-4.1, and L-4.2 STM-1 optical interface (SFP): Ie-1, S-1.1, L-1.1, and L-1.2
16 32 3 1 1
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Type of the service interface board SD1 SLE SDE EFT4 EMS6
Service Interface
Number of Interfaces Provided by One Board 2 1 2 4 4 2
STM-1 optical interface (SFP): Ie-1, S-1.1, L-1.1, and L-1.2 75-ohm STM-1 electrical interface (SMB) 75-ohm STM-1 electrical interface (SMB) FE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100BASE-T(X) FE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100BASE-T(X) GE electrical interface (SFP): 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) or GE optical interface (SFP): 1000BaseSX, 1000Base-LX
EFP6 EGS4
FE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100BASE-T(X) GE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) GE optical/electrical selectable interfaces: GE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) or GE optical interface (SFP): 1000BaseSX, 1000Base-LX
6 2 2
NOTE
The IFH2 board provides a 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) GE electrical interface, which can access Ethernet services directly.
2.4.2 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 620 provides several types of management and auxiliary interfaces. Table 2-3 Management and auxiliary interfaces Interface External clock interface Specifications Combined 75-ohm 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz clock input/output interface Quantity 1
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Interface Management interface
Specifications 10/100BASE-T(X) Ethernet NM interface NM serial port 10/100BASE-T(X) NE cascade interface
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Six inputs + two outputs
Auxiliary interface
Orderwire interface RS-232 asynchronous data interface 64 kbit/s synchronous data interface Wayside E1 interface
Alarm interface
Alarm input/output interface
NOTE
l The external clock interface and wayside E1 interface are combined into one interface. This interface can also transparently transmit the overhead byte, including the DCC byte, synchronous/asynchronous data overhead byte, and orderwire overhead byte. This interface, however, can realize only one function at one time. l The synchronous data interface can also transparently transmit one orderwire overhead byte. This interface, however, can realize only one function at one time.
Auxiliary services and NM messages are transmitted by overhead bytes over a radio link. For details, refer to Table 2-4. Table 2-4 Auxiliary services or paths transmitted by each microwave interface Service/Path Type Asynchronous data service Synchronous data service Orderwire phone service Wayside E1 service DCC channel Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 Rate 19.2 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s l 64 kbit/s (the PDH microwave provided by the IF1A/IF1B board and the capacity is less than 16xE1.) l 192 kbit/s (the PDH microwave provided by the IF1A/IF1B board and the capacity is not less than 16xE1.) l 192 kbit/s (the PDH microwave provided by the IF0A/IF0B board.) l 192 kbit/s, 576kbit/s, or 768kbit/s (the SDH radio link) l 192 kbit/s (the Hybrid microwave)
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2.5 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation

The cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) is a technology used together with cochannel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the radio link capacity over the same channel. The CCDP transmission adopts both the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave over one channel to transmit two channels of signals. The ideal situation of the CCDP transmission is that no interference occurs between the two orthogonal signals though they are with the same frequency, and thus the receiver can easily recover the two signals. In actual engineering conditions, however, despite the orthogonality of the two signals, certain interference between the signals inevitably occurs, due to cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antenna and channel degradation. To cancel the interference, the XPIC technology is adopted. With the XPIC technology, the signals are received in the horizontal and vertical directions. Then, the signals in the two directions are processed and thus the original signals are recovered.
NOTE
An SDH radio link that uses IFX boards supports the XPIC function and woks in STM-1 mode.
Figure 2-5 Channel configuration in CCDP mode (with the application of the XPIC technology)
Site A IDU 620 STM-1 STM-1 ODU 2 ODU 1 f1 H V f1 f1 ODU 2 Site B ODU 1 IDU 620 STM-1 STM-1
f1
f1
2.6 Automatic Transmit Power Control

The automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function enables the output power of the transmitter to automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end. This technology reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER rate.
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Figure 2-6 Relationship between the RSL and TSL

TSL/RSL
TSL
Up-fading Central value of the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold 2dB RSL 2dB Down-fading
2.7 Ethernet Processing Capability

The OptiX RTN 620 provides powerful Ethernet service processing capability. The OptiX RTN 620 can transmit Ethernet services in three modes: l Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH): The OptiX RTN 620 encapsulates and maps Ethernet services into VC channels and then transmits the Ethernet services over TU-based or STM-1-based SDH/PDH radio links or over an SDH network. In this case, the EFT4/EMS6/ EGS4 board can be used to implement the EoSDH function. Ethernet over PDH (EoPDH): The OptiX RTN 620 encapsulates and maps Ethernet services into E1 channels and then transmits the Ethernet services over SDH/PDH/Hybrid radio links or over an SDH/PDH network. In this case, the EFP6 board can be used to implement the EoPDH function. Ethernet services in Hybrid microwave frames: The IFH2 board (a Hybrid radio IF board) maps Ethernet services into Hybrid microwave frames directly and then transmits these Ethernet services. The IFH2 board provides the simple Ethernet service processing functions, including the flow control, QoS, and synchronous Ethernet. Therefore, the IFH2 board can receive Ethernet services directly from the client side as well as the Ethernet services processed by the EGS4/EMS6/EFP6 board.
Table 2-5 Principle functions of Ethernet service processing boards Feature Board EFT4 Interfaces Format of service frames
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EMS6 2xGE + 4xFE
EGS4 4xGE
EFP6 6xFE
4xFE
Ethernet II, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1q/p
19
Feature
Board EFT4 EMS6 EGS4 EFP6 Supports the jumbo frame with a maximum length of 2000 bytes. 63xE1 E1, E1-xv (x16) 16
Jumbo frame
Supports the jumbo frame with a maximum length of 9600 bytes.
Uplink bandwidth Mapping mode Number of VCTRUNKs Transparent transmission of Ethernet services Layer 2 switching of Ethernet services VLAN
2xVC-4 VC-12, VC-3, VC-12-xv (x63), and VC-3-xv (x6) 4 Supported 8 8
Not supported
Supported
Supports the transparent transmission. Not supported Not supported Not supported
Supports the VLAN and QinQ. Supports addition, deletion, and exchange of VLAN tags that comply with IEEE 802.1q/p. Supported Supported Supported GFP
QoS STP/RSTP IGMP snooping Encapsulation format LCAS Flow control Test frames Ethernet performance monitoring ETH-OAM LAG (Link aggregation group)
GFP, LAPS, and HDLC Supported IEEE 802.3x Supported
Supports the RMON performance monitoring that complies with IETF RFC 2819. Not supported Not supported IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah Supported
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Feature
Board EFT4 EMS6 EGS4 EFP6
LPT ERPS (Ethernet Ring Protection Switching)
Supported Not supported Supported Supported Not supported
2.8 Clock Features

The following clock features of the OptiX RTN 620 meet the requirements for transporting the clock of the mobile communication network. l l l The system clock complies with ITU-T G.813 and supports the locked mode, holdover mode, and free-run mode. Supports extraction of the clock sources from the line, tributary, microwave radio link, synchronous Ethernet signal, and external clock signal. Supports the SSM protocol and extended SSM protocol. The SSM information can be transmitted over the SDH line, STM-1 radio, Hybrid radio, or Ethernet ports on the EGS4 board. Supports the re-timing function of the tributary. Supports the synchronous Ethernet (applies only the EGS4 board and the GE interfaces on the IFH2 board).
l l
2.9 Protection Capability

The OptiX RTN 620 provides comprehensive protection schemes. l l l l l l l l l The OptiX RTN 620 supports 1+1 backup for the input power supply and the internal power module. The OptiX RTN 620 supports 1+1 backup for the cross-connect unit and the clock unit. The OptiX RTN 620 supports the protection based on clock source priorities and SSM/ extended SSM. The OptiX RTN 620 supports 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection configuration and N+1 protection configuration. The OptiX RTN 620 supports the SNCP configuration between the optical transmission links, between the radio links, and between the optical transmission link and the radio link. The OptiX RTN 620 supports the linear MSP for the optical transmission link and the STMle link. The OptiX RTN 620 supports the two-fiber bidirectional MSP on the STM-4 optical transmission links. The OptiX RTN 620 supports the STP/RSTP or the LAG to protect Ethernet services. The OptiX RTN 620 can construct a Hybrid microwave ring and provides SNCP protection for E1 services and ERPS protection for Ethernet services on the ring network.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 21
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2.10 Network Management

The OptiX RTN 620 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and provides complete NM information exchange schemes.
NM Mode
The OptiX RTN 620 supports the following functions: l l l Accessing the iManager U2000 Web LCT (hereinafter referred to as the Web LCT) directly at the near end of the NE to perform the single-point management over the NE Using the Web LCT to manage multiple OptiX RTN NEs in the centralized manner Using the OptiX iManager U2000 to manage all OptiX RTN NEs on the transmission network and the NEs of Huawei optical transmission products in the centralized manner and to manage the transmission networks in the unified manner Using the SNMP agent to query alarms and performance events
NM Information Exchange Schemes

At the physical layer, the OptiX RTN 620 supports the following NM information exchange schemes: l l l l l Using one or three Huawei-defined DCC bytes in the PDH microwave frame to transmit NM information Using the D1-D3 and D4-D12 bytes or D1-D12 bytes in the SDH microwave frame and the SDH frame to transmit NM information Using three Huawei-defined DCC bytes in the Hybrid microwave frame to transmit NM information Using the Ethernet NM interface to transmit NM information Using the DCC bytes that are transmitted by the external clock interface to transmit NM information over an SDH/PDH network
At the network layer, the OptiX RTN 620 supports the following NM information exchange schemes: l l l Using the HW ECC protocol to carry the NM information Using the IP over DCC technology to carry the NM information Using the OSI over DCC technology to carry the NM information
2.11 Easy Installation

The OptiX RTN 620 supports several installation modes. Therefore, the installation is flexible and convenient. The IDU can be installed in the following places: l l
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In a 300 mm ETSI cabinet In a 600 mm ETSI cabinet

l l l l l
In a 450 mm 19-inch cabinet In a 600 mm 19-inch cabinet In an open cabinet On a wall On a desk
The ODU can be installed in two modes: direct mounting and separate mounting.
2.12 Easy Maintenance

The OptiX RTN 620 provides several maintenance features. Therefore, it can effectively reduce the cost of equipment maintenance. l l l Provides SDH alarms and performance events that comply with ITU-T G.783. Supports various loopback functions of service ports and IF ports. Embeds a test system, which can be used to perform the following tests when no special test tools are available: Supports the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) test on the PDH port and IF port. Receives and transmits Ethernet test frames. l Supports the monitoring and the graphic display of key radio transmission performance specifications such as the microwave transmit power and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Supports the RMON performance events and ETH-OAM. Supports Ethernet port mirroring (applies only to the EGS4/EFP6 board). Supports traffic statistics and bandwidth utilization based on Ethernet ports (applies only to the EMS6/EGS4 board). Supports traffic statistics based on Ethernet service flows (applies only to the EGS4 board). Supports removal of the memory card that saves the data configuration files. Thus, you can restore the data of the SCC board by replacing the memory card. Supports remote loading of the NE software and data by using the NMS. Supports the hot patch loading function. Thus, you can upgrade the software that is running without interrupting services. Support the software version rollback function. When a software upgrade fails, the original services of the system can be restored.
l l l l l l l l
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3 Product Architecture
3
About This Chapter
Product Architecture
This topic describes the system structure, hardware structure, and software structure of the product, and the process for processing service signals. 3.1 System Architecture The OptiX RTN 620 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit, cross-connect unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, and ODU. 3.2 Hardware Architecture The OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU and the ODU. Each ODU is connected to the IDU through a IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&M signals of the ODU. In addition, the IF cable supplies -48 V power supply to the ODU. 3.3 Software Architecture The software package of the OptiX RTN 620 contains the NMS software, IDU software, and ODU software. 3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow The flow for transmitting the SDH/PDH microwave signals is different from the flow for transmitting the Hybrid microwave signals.
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3.1 System Architecture

The OptiX RTN 620 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit, cross-connect unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, and ODU. Figure 3-1 System architecture
ODU IDU Ethernet Ethernet service prcessing unit GE/FE Baseband signal IF signal RF signal
Antenna
PDH SDH
IF unit Baseband Baseband SDH/PDH Crosssignal signal service connect interface unit unit Control and overhead bus Auxiliary interface unit
Orderwire External alarm Sync/Async data
Clock unit
Control unit
Fan unit
Power unit
External clock or WS data
NM data
-48V/-60V DC
Table 3-1 Functional units Functional Unit SDH/PDH Service interface unit Ethernet Service processing unit Function Description l Accesses SDH signals. l Accesses PDH signals. l Accesses Ethernet signals. l Performs Layer 2 processing on Ethernet signals. l Encapsulates/Decapsulates Ethernet signals. Cross-connect unit l Cross-connects and grooms services. l Supports 1+1 protection.
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Functional Unit IF unit
Function Description l Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demaps microwave frame signals to service signals. l Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IF analog signals. l Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU. l Supports FEC.
Control unit
l Functions for system communications and control. l Functions for system configuration and management. l Collects alarms and monitors performance. l Cross-connects overheads.
Clock unit
l Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signals for the system. l Supports input and output of one external clock signal.
Auxiliary interface unit
l Provides the orderwire interface. l Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface. l Provides the external alarm input/output interface.
Power unit
l Accesses -48 V/-60 V DC power. l Provides DC power for the IDU. l Provides -48 V DC power for the ODU.
Fan unit ODU
l Provides wind cooling for the IDU. l Converses between the IF analog signal and the RF signal. l Provides the O&M channel that is connected to the IDU.
3.2 Hardware Architecture

The OptiX RTN 620 is of a split structure, consisting of the IDU and the ODU. Each ODU is connected to the IDU through a IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&M signals of the ODU. In addition, the IF cable supplies -48 V power supply to the ODU.
3.2.1 IDU
The IDU 620 can realize different functions by configuring different types of boards.
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Figure 3-2 IDU 620 configuration

EXT/IF FAN
Slot 20
Slot7 Slot5 Slot3 Slot1
EXT/IF EXT/IF EXT SCC
Slot8 Slot6 Slot4 Slot2
EXT/IF PXC PXC
NOTE
EXT refers to the extended slot for a service board. IF refers to the slot for an IF board.
Table 3-2 List of boards on the IDU 620 Board Name PXC Full Name Integrated power crossconnect clock board Valid Slot Slot 1/3 Description Accesses one input of -48 V/-60 V DC power. Provides a full timeslot crossconnection for VC-12/VC-3/ VC-4 services equivalent to 16x16 VC-4. Supports the input and output of one external clock signal. SCC System control and communication board Slot 2 Integrates an EOW subboard, occupying the logical slot 21. Provides the NM interface, external alarm interface, synchronous/asynchronous data interface, and orderwire interface. IF1A IF1B IF0A IF0B SDH intermediate frequency board PDH intermediate frequency board Slot 5/6/7/8 Provides one IF interface. The logical slot number of the ODU that is connected to the IF board is 10 plus the slot number of the IF board. The IF1A and IF1B boards support the TU-based and STM-1 based microwave frame formats. The IF0A and IF0B boards support the E1-based microwave frame format.
Slot 5/6/7/8
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Board Name IFX
Full Name XPIC intermediate frequency board
Valid Slot Slot 5/6/7/8
Description Provides one IF interface. The logical slot number of the ODU that is connected to the IF board is 10 plus the slot number of the IF board. Provides the XPIC function. Provides the STM-1 based microwave frame format.
IFH2
Hybrid intermediate frequency board
Slot 5/6/7/8
l Provides one IF interface. The logical slot number of the ODU that is connected to the IF board is 10 plus the slot number of the IF board. l Provides one FE/GE electrical interface for accessing Ethernet services. l Supports the AM function.
SL4
SDH single-port STM-4 board SDH single-port STM-1 board SDH dual-port STM-1 board SDH single-port STM-1 electrical board SDH dual-port STM-1 electrical board 3xE3/T3 tributary board 8xE1 tributary board 16xE1 tributary board 32xE1 tributary board
Slot 6/8
Uses the SFP optical module to provide one STM-4 optical interface. Uses the SFP optical module to provide one STM-1 optical interface. Uses the SFP optical module to provide two STM-1 optical interfaces. Provides one 75-ohm STM-1 electrical interface. Provides two 75-ohm STM-1 electrical interfaces.
SL1
Slot 4/5/6/7/8
SD1
SLE SDE PL3 PO1 PH1 PD1
Slot 4/5/6/7/8
Provides three 75-ohm E3/T3 electrical interfaces. Provides eight 75/120-ohm E1 interfaces. Provides 16 75/120-ohm E1 interfaces. Provides 32 75/120-ohm E1 interfaces.
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Board Name EFT4
Full Name 4-port 10M/100M Ethernet transparent transmission processing board
Valid Slot Slot 4/5/6/7/8
Description Provides a 4x10/100BASE-T(X) interface for processing Ethernet transparent transmission services. The maximum uplink bandwidth of the board is 2xVC-4. Provides four FE electrical interfaces. The other two ports use SFP optical/electrical modules for providing two GE optical/electrical interfaces. The GE electrical interface is compatible with the FE electrical interface. Supports the transparently transmitted Ethernet services and Layer 2 switching services. The maximum uplink bandwidth of the board is 2xVC-4.
EMS6
4-port RJ-45 + 2-port SFP Fast Ethernet/ Gigabit Ethernet switching processing board
EGS4
2-port RJ-45 + 2-port SFP/RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet switching processing board
Slot 5/6/7/8
Provides four GE interfaces, of which two can be only RJ45 GE electrical interfaces, and the other two can be RJ45 GE electrical interfaces or SFP GE optical interfaces. The GE electrical interfaces are compatible with the FE electrical interfaces. Supports the transparently transmitted Ethernet services and Layer 2 switching services. The uplink bandwidth on the board is 2xVC-4s. Supports the synchronous Ethernet clock.
EFP6
6-port RJ-45 Fast Ethernet EoPDH switching processing board
Slot 4/5/6/7/8
Provides six FE electrical interfaces. Provides the EoPDH processing function. Supports the transparently transmitted Ethernet services and Layer 2 switching services. The uplink bandwidth of the board is 63xE1.
FAN
Fan board
Slot 20
Provides wind cooling for the IDU 620.
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3.2.2 ODU
The ODU is an integrated system and is of various types. The structures and working principles of various types of ODUs are the same.
Block Diagram
Figure 3-3 Block diagram of the ODU system
Multiplexer Tx IF O&M uplink Cable port Up-conversion AMP Tx RF Duplexer
CTRL Antenna port Synthesizers
O&M downlink DC
PWR Rx RF
Rx IF
Down-conversion
LNA
Signal Processing in the Transmit Direction

The multiplexer splits the signal coming from the IF cable into a 350 MHz IF signal, an O&M uplink signal, and a -48 V DC power signal. In the transmit direction, the IF signal is processed as follows: 1. 2. 3. Through the up-conversion, filtering, and amplification, the IF signal is converted into the RF signal and then sent to the AMP amplifier unit. The AMP amplifies the RF signal (the output power of the signal can be controlled by the IDU software). After the amplification, the RF signal is sent to the antenna through the diplexer.
The O&M uplink signal is a 5.5 MHz ASK-modulated signal and is demodulated in the CTRL control unit. The -48 V DC power signal is sent to the PWR power unit where the secondary power supply of a different voltage is generated and provided to the modules of the ODU.
Signal Processing in the Receive Direction

In the diplexer, the receive RF signal is separated from the antenna signal. The RF signal is amplified in the low noise amplifier (LNA). Through the down-conversion, filtering, and amplification, the RF signal is converted into the 140 MHz IF signal and then sent to the multiplexer.
The O&M downlink signal is modulated under the ASK scheme in the CTRL unit. The 10 MHz signal is generated through the modulation and sent to the multiplexer. The CTRL unit also detects the receive power through the RSSI detection circuit and provides the RSSI interface. The IF signal and the O&M downlink signal are combined in the multiplexer and then sent to the IDU through the IF cable.
3.3 Software Architecture

The software package of the OptiX RTN 620 contains the NMS software, IDU software, and ODU software. For the software architecture of the OptiX RTN 620, see Figure 3-4. The NMS software communicates with the IDU software through the Qx interface. The Qx interface uses the OptiX private management protocol. Figure 3-4 Software architecture of the OptiX RTN 620
NMS software Qx interface IDU software ODU software
3.3.1 NMS Software

Huawei provides a transport network management solution that meets the requirements of the telecommunication management network (TMN) for managing all the OptiX RTN 620 products and the optical transmission products of the OptiX series on the network. For details, refer to section 5.1 Network Management Solution.
3.3.2 IDU Software

The IDU software consists of the NE software and the board software. The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running status of the IDU. Through the NE software, the NMS communicates with the boards, and controls and manages the NE. In addition, the NE software communicates with the ODU software to manage and control the operation of the ODU. The board software manages and controls the running status of all boards of the IDU except the SCC board. Currently, the IDU does not have the independent board software except the software of the EMS6 board,EGS4 board, and EFP6 board. The board software of other boards, in the form of modules, is integrated into the NE software and runs in the CPU of the SCC board.
3.3.3 ODU Software

The ODU software manages and controls the running status of the ODU. The ODU software controls the running status of the ODU according to the parameter delivered by the IDU software. In addition, the running status of the ODU is reported to the IDU software.
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow

The flow for transmitting the SDH/PDH microwave signals is different from the flow for transmitting the Hybrid microwave signals.
3.4.1 SDH/PDH Radio

This topic considers the STM-1 optical signal as an example to describe the processing flow of the SDH/PDH radio signals on the OptiX RTN 620. Figure 3-5 Signal processing flow
IDU STM-1o SL1/ SD1
Baseband signal Baseband signal
PXC
IF1A/B or IFX
IF signal
ODU
RF signal Antenna
Table 3-3 Transmit direction No. 1 Logical Board SL1/SD1 (IDU) Signal Processing Description l Converts the STM-1 optical signals into STM-1 electrical signals. l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames. l Extracts the overheads from the STM-1 frames. l Transmits the VC-4 signals in the STM-1 frames to the cross-connect unit through the service bus. 2 3 PXC (IDU) IF1A/IF1B or IFX (IDU) l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of the IF board. l Multiplexes the VC-4 signals, microwave frame overheads, and pointers into STM-1 microwave frames. l Performs scrambling. l Performs FEC coding. l Performs digital modulation. l Performs D/A conversion. l Performs analog modulation. l Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals. l Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the ODU through the coaxial cable.
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No. 4
Logical Board ODU
Signal Processing Description l Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48 V power. l Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through up conversions and amplifications. l Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the waveguide.
Table 3-4 Receive direction No. 1 Logical Board ODU Signal Processing Description l Isolates and filters RF signals. l Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through down conversions and amplifications. l Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals. l Transmits the combined signals to the IF board. 2 IF1A/IF1B or IFX (IDU) l Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals. l Performs A/D conversion for the IF signals. l Performs digital demodulation. l Performs time domain adaptive equalization. l Performs FEC decoding. l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames. l Extracts overheads from microwave frames. l Extracts VC-4 signals from microwave frames, and transmits the VC-4 signals to the cross-connect unit. 3 4 PXC (IDU) SL1/SD1 (IDU) l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of the SL1/SD1 board. l Multiplexes the VC-4 signals, overheads, and pointers into STM-1 signals. l Scrambles the signals. l Converts the signals into STM-1 optical signals.
3.4.2 Hybrid Radio

This topic considers the transmission of the E1 services and Ethernet services over the Hybrid radio as an example and describes the processing flow of the Hybrid radio services on the OptiX RTN 620.
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Figure 3-6 Service signal processing flow

IDU E1 Baseband Baseband signal signal PO1/ PXC IFH2 PH1/ PD1 GE/FE IF signal RF signal Antenna EMS6
ODU
FE
Table 3-5 Transmit direction No. 1 Logical Board PO1/PH1/PD1 (IDU) Signal Processing Description l Accesses E1 signals. l Performs HDB3 decoding. l Maps the E1 signals into the VC-4 signal. l Transmits the VC-4 signal to the PXC board through the service bus. EMS6 (IDU) l Accesses FE signals. l Performs decoding. l Delimits the FE frames, strips the preamble code, and processes the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. l Processes the data packets according to the QoS. l Processes the VLAN tags according to the data configuration and forwards the data frames to the GE/FE interface. l Delimits the GE/FE frames and adds the preamble code and the CRC code. l Performs coding. l Transmits the GE/FE signals to the IFH2 board through the network cable. 2 PXC (IDU) l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of the IFH2 board.
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No. 3
Logical Board IFH2(IDU)
Signal Processing Description l Selects the proper coding and modulation mode according to the quality of the received signal. l Accesses GE signals and decodes the GE signals. l Delimits the GE frames, strips the preamble code, and processes the CRC code. l Performs the flow control and QoS-based packet processing according to the data configuration and the bandwidth of the air interface that is allocated to the Ethernet service. l Demaps the E1 signals from the VC-4 signal. l Constructs the E1 service signal, microwave frame overheads, and Ethernet data frame into the microwave frame. l FEC coding. l Performs digital modulation. l Performs D/A conversion. l Performs analog modulation l Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals. l Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the ODU through the coaxial cable.
ODU
l Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48 V power. l Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through up conversions and amplifications. l Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the waveguide.
Table 3-6 Receive direction No. 1 Logical Board ODU Signal Processing Description l Isolates and filters RF signals. l Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through down conversions and amplifications. l Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals. l Transmits the combined signals to the IF boards.
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No. 2
Logical Board IFH2 (IDU)
Signal Processing Description l Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals. l Performs A/D conversion. l Performs digital demodulation. l Selects the demodulation mode to be used according to the quality of received signals and notifies the transmit end of the selection. l Performs time domain adaptive equalization. l Performs FEC decoding. l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames. l Extracts overheads from microwave frames. l Extracts The E1 signals from the microwave frames. l Maps the E1 signals into the VC-4 signal. l Transmits the VC-4 signal to the cross-connect unit through the service bus. l Extracts the Ethernet service signals from the microwave frames. l Delimits the frames and adds the preamble code and the CRC code. l Encodes and outputs FE/GE signals. l Transmits the FE/GE signals to the EMS6 board.
3 4
PXC (IDU) PO1/PH1/PD1 (IDU)
l Cross-connects the VC-4 signals to the service bus of the PO1/PH1/PD1 board. l Demaps the E1 signals from the VC-4 signal. l Performs HDB3 coding. l Outputs the E1 signals.
EMS6
l Accesses GE/FE signals. l Performs decoding. l Delimits the GE/FE frames and adds the preamble code and the CRC code. l Processes the data packets according to the QoS. l Processes the VLAN tags according to the configuration and forwards the data frames to the FE port. l Delimits the FE frames and adds the preamble code and the CRC code. l Performs coding. l Outputs the FE signal.
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4 Networking
4
About This Chapter
Networking
The OptiX RTN 620 supports multiple types of networking modes to meet different requirements of customers. 4.1 SDH/PDH Radio The SDH/PDH radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking. 4.2 Hybrid Radio The Hybrid Radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.
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4 Networking
4.1 SDH/PDH Radio

The SDH/PDH radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.
4.1.1 Chain Networking

The OptiX RTN 620 supports a chain network, and can form a tree or star network. On a TDM microwave chain network, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the TDM service and Ethernet service: l the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Native TDM signal, as shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 TDM microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (TDM service)
Tail link Feeder link
E1 BTS E1
1+0 1+1
STM-1
Regional Backhaul Network BSC
BTS E1 BTS
1+0
In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Ethernet service in the manner of Ethernet over SDH or Ethernet over PDH, as shown in Figure 4-2. When transmitting the Ethernet service, the equipment at the service access point encapsulates the service into the SDH or PDH signal, sends the signal to the regional backhaul network for transmission, and decapsulates the signal at the last node of the regional backhaul network.
Figure 4-2 TDM microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (TDM service and Ethernet service)
Tail link
1+0 1+1
Feeder link STM-1/ E1 Regional Backhaul Network BSC
E1 BTS FE NodeB E1 BTS FE NodeB
STM-1/ E1
FE RNC
1+0
EoS or EoPDH
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4 Networking
In a TDM microwave transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basic networking form: l The PDH radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based on the capacity of the access link. An ordinary link adopts 1+0 non-protection configuration. An important link adopts 1+1 protection configuration. The SDH/PDH radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based on the capacity of the aggregation link. The SDH/PDH aggregation link can adopt the protection configuration. In this situation, the maximum air-interface capacity can be improved to 2xSTM-1 or 3xSTM-1 by configuring 1+1 protection of an XPIC SDH link or N+1 protection of an SDH link. Multiple microwave hops of a key station are implemented by using the multi-direction microwave convergence capability of the OptiX RTN 620.
4.1.2 Ring Networking

The OptiX RTN 620 supports a ring network and provides protection for a ring network. In addition, a ring network and a chain network can form a ring with chain network. On a TDM microwave ring network provided by IF1A/IF1B/IFX baords, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Native TDM signal, as shown in Figure 4-3. In this case, the SNCP scheme is adopted to protect the service over the SDH or PDH microwave.
NOTE
In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Ethernet service in the manner of the Ethernet over SDH or Ethernet over PDH. The Ethernet service on a TDM microwave ring network is processed in the same manner as it is processed on a TDM microwave chain network.
Figure 4-3 TDM microwave transmission solution (ring networking)

E1 BTS
BTS
E1 SDH/PDH radio ring E1
STM-1 Regional Backhaul Network BSC
BTS E1
BTS
4.2 Hybrid Radio

The Hybrid Radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.
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4 Networking
4.2.1 Chain Networking

The OptiX RTN 620 supports a chain network, and can form a tree or star network. On a Hybrid microwave chain network, OptiX RTN 620 supports the following applications. l The OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the Native E1 signal and the Native Ethernet signal, as shown in Figure 4-4.
Figure 4-4 Hybrid microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (direct backhaul)
Tail link
1+0 1+1
Feeder link STM-1+ FE/GE STM-1/ E1 Regional Backhaul Network FE/GE NodeB BSC
E1 BTS FE
NodeB E1 BTS FE
1+0
NodeB
In addition, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit the backhaul Ethernet service in the manner of Ethernet over SDH or Ethernet over PDH, as shown in Figure 4-5. When transmitting the Ethernet service, the equipment at the service convergence point encapsulates the service into the SDH or PDH signal, sends the signal to the regional backhaul network for transmission, and decapsulates the signal at the last node of the regional backhaul network.
Figure 4-5 Hybrid microwave transmission solution based on the chain networking (EoS/ EoPDH backhaul)
Tail link
1+0 1+1
Feeder link STM-1/ E1 SDH/PDH network FE BSC
E1 BTS FE NodeB E1 BTS FE NodeB
STM-1/ E1
1+0
RNC
EoS or EoPDH
In the Hybrid microwave transmission solution as shown in Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5:
4 Networking
The hybrid radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based on the capacity of the access link. An ordinary link adopts 1+0 non-protection configuration. An important link adopts 1+1 protection configuration. The hybrid radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based on the capacity of the aggregation link. The hybrid radio link adopts 1+1 protection configuration. Multiple microwave hops of a key station are implemented by using the multi-direction microwave convergence capability of the OptiX RTN 620.
4.2.2 Ring Networking

The OptiX RTN 620 supports a ring network based on Hybrid microwave and provides protection for a ring network. In addition, a ring network and a chain network can form a ring with chain network. When the OptiX RTN 620 forms a ring network through Hybrid microwave, the OptiX RTN 620 can transmit both the native E1 signals and the native Ethernet signals, as shown in Figure 4-6. In this case, the OptiX RTN 620 can provide the SNCP for the E1 services and the ERPS protection for the Ethernet services on the ring network.
NOTE
When the OptiX RTN 620 forms a ring network through Hybrid microwave, the OptiX RTN 620 supports the back transmission of the Ethernet services in Ethernet over SDH mode or Ethernet over PDH mode. In this case, the OptiX RTN 620 processes the Ethernet services on a ring network in the same way as the processing of the Ethernet services on a chain network.
Figure 4-6 Hybrid microwave transport solution based on ring networking

E1
BTS FE NodeB BTS E1
Hybrid radio ring FE
STM-1+ GE
BSC Regional Backhaul Network
NodeB BTS
E1 RNC FE NodeB
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5 Network Management System
5
About This Chapter
Network Management System
This topic describes the network management system solution and multiple types of NMS software required by this solution. 5.1 Network Management Solution Huawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN for different function domains and customers in telecommunication networks. 5.2 Web LCT The Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. A user can access the Web LCT server by using the IE explorer to manage a single NE. The Web LCT provides the following NE-level management functions: NE management, alarm management, performance management, configuration management, communication management, and security management. 5.3 U2000 The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 server through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport network in the unified manner. The U2000 can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the network-level management function.
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5.1 Network Management Solution

Huawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN for different function domains and customers in telecommunication networks. The NM solutions include the following: l iManager U2000 Web LCT Local Craft Terminal The Web LCT, a Web-based local maintenance terminal, is used to manage local and remote NEs on a per-site or hop basis. l iManager U2000 Unified Network Management System The iManager U2000, a network-level management system, is used to manage Huawei transmission equipment such as the OptiX RTN, MSTP, and WDM equipment. Figure 5-1 NM solution of a transport network
iManager U2000
WAN/LAN
Backbone layer
Aggregation layer
Access layer
Web LCT
Web LCT
5.2 Web LCT

The Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. A user can access the Web LCT server by using the IE explorer to manage a single NE. The Web LCT provides the following NE-level
management functions: NE management, alarm management, performance management, configuration management, communication management, and security management.
NOTE
The Web LCT supports the end-to-end management over one microwave hop. Thus, it can manage the opposite NE in the NE Explorer of the local end of the microwave link.
NE Management
l l l l Searching for NEs Adding/Deleting NEs Logging in to/Logging out of NEs Managing NE time
Alarm Management
l l l Setting alarm monitoring strategies Viewing alarms Deleting alarms
Performance Management
l l l Setting performance monitoring strategies Viewing performance events Resetting performance registers
Configuration Management
l l l l l l Configuring basic NE information Configuring radio links Configuring protection schemes Configuring interfaces Configuring services Configuring clock
Communication Management
l l l l l Managing communication parameters Managing the DCC Managing the HW ECC protocol Managing the IP protocol Configuring the OSI protocol
Security Management
l l l
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Managing NE users Managing NE user groups Managing LCT access control

l l l l l
Managing online users Managing NE security parameters Managing NE security logs Managing NM users Managing NM logs
5.3 U2000
The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 server through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport network in the unified manner. The U2000 can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the network-level management function.
NE-Level Management Functions

l l l l l l NE Management NE-level alarm management NE-level performance management NE-level configuration management NE-level communication management NE-level security management
Network-Level Management Functions

l l l l l l l Topology management Network-level alarm management Network-level performance management Network-level configuration management Network-level communication management Network-level security management Network-wide clock management
Other Functions
l l l l l l Inventory management Log management Database management NE software management Report function Northbound SNMP, CORBA and XML interface
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6 Technical Specifications
6
About This Chapter
Technical Specifications
This topic describes the technical specifications of the OptiX RTN 620. 6.1 RF Performance The RF performance includes the technical specifications related to the microwave radio system. 6.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability Predicted equipment reliability includes predicted component reliability and predicted link reliability. 6.3 Interface Performance Interface performance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance of auxiliary interfaces. 6.4 Jitter Performance The output jitter performance at the SDH and PDH interface complies with relevant ITU-T recommendations. 6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance The clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the OptiX RTN 620 meet relevant ITU-T recommendations. 6.6 Integrated System Performance Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power supply, power consumption, EMC, lightning protection, safety, and environment.
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6.1 RF Performance
The RF performance includes the technical specifications related to the microwave radio system.
6.1.1 Radio Working Modes

This topic describes the microwave radio working modes supported by the OptiX RTN 620.
Working Modes of the SDH/PDH Radio

NOTE
The channel spacings supported by the OptiX RTN 620 comply with ETSI standards. The channel spacings 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz apply to the 18 GHz frequency band.
Table 6-1 Working modes of the PDH radio (IF0A/IF0B) Mode No. 18 16 17 5 Air Interface Service Capacity 2xE1 5xE1 10xE1 16xE1 Modulation Mode QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK Channel Spacing (MHz) 3.5 7 14 (13.75) 28 (27.5)
Table 6-2 Working modes of the PDH radio (IF1A/IF1B) Mode No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 11 13 14 15
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Air Interface Service Capacity 4xE1 4xE1 8xE1 8xE1 16xE1 16xE1 22xE1 26xE1 35xE1 44xE1 53xE1
Modulation Mode QPSK 16QAM QPSK 16QAM QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM
Channel Spacing (MHz) 7 3.5 14 (13.75) 7 28 (27.5) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 28 (27.5) 28 (27.5) 28 (27.5)
47
Mode No. 8 9
Air Interface Service Capacity E3 E3
Modulation Mode QPSK 16QAM
Channel Spacing (MHz) 28 (27.5) 14 (13.75)
Table 6-3 Working modes of the SDH radio (IF1A/IF1B/IFX) Mode No. 7 Air Interface Service Capacity STM-1 Modulation Mode 128QAM Channel Spacing (MHz) 28 (27.5)
Working Modes of the Hybrid Radio

NOTE
Compared with the SDH/PDH Radio, the working mode of the Hybrid microwave is determined by the combination of the channel spacing and modulation mode. Hence, no specific number is provided for the working mode in the Hybrid microwave.
Table 6-4 Working modes of the Hybrid radio (IFH2) Channel Spacing (MHz) 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 28 (27.5)
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Modulation Mode
Air Interface Service Capacity (Mbit/s) 10 20 25 32 38 44 20 42 51 66 78 90 42
Maximum Number of E1s in service 5 10 12 15 18 21 10 20 24 31 37 43 20
Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s) 9 to 11 19 to 23 24 to 29 31 to 37 37 to 44 43 to 51 20 to 23 41 to 48 50 to 59 65 to 76 77 to 90 90 to 104 41 to 48

48
QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM QPSK
Channel Spacing (MHz) 28 (27.5) 28 (27.5) 28 (27.5) 28 (27.5) 28 (27.5) 56 (55) 56 (55) 56 (55) 56 (55) 56 (55) 56 (55) 40
Modulation Mode
Air Interface Service Capacity (Mbit/s) 84 105 133 158 183 84 168 208 265 313 363 -
Maximum Number of E1s in service 40 50 64 75 75 40 75 75 75 75 75 75
Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s) 84 to 97 108 to 125 130 to 150 160 to 180 180 to 210 84 to 97 170 to 190 210 to 240 260 to 310 310 to 360 360 to 420 -
16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 64QAM
NOTE
l The channel spacings supported by the OptiX RTN 620 comply with ETSI standards. The channel spacings 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz apply to the 18 GHz frequency band. l The E1 services consume the corresponding bandwidth of the air interface service capacity. After the E1 service capacity is deducted from the air interface service capacity, the remaining bandwidth of the service capacity can be used for Ethernet services. l The 64QAM/40MHz mode that is the super PDH mode does not support the transmission of Ethernet services.
6.1.2 Frequency Band

The ODUs of the different series and different types support different operating frequency bands.
NOTE
ODUs are platform products for general use. Therefore, ODU specifications may be separately updated from those of IDUs. For the latest ODU specifications, see the latest issue of ODU Hardware Description.
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Frequency Bands (Standard Power ODU)

Table 6-5 Frequency Band (SP ODU) Frequency Band 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 38 GHz Frequency Range (GHz) 7.093-7.897 7.731-8.496 10.675-11.745 12.751-13.248 14.400-15.353 17.685-19.710 21.200-23.618 24.549-26.453 37.044-40,105 T/R Spacing (MHz) 154, 161, 168, 196, 245 119, 126, 266, 311.32 490, 500, 530 266 315, 322, 420, 490, 644, 728 1008, 1010, 1560 1008, 1200, 1232 1008 700, 1260
Table 6-6 Frequency band (SPA ODU) Frequency Band 6 GHz Frequency Range (GHz) 5.915-6.425 (L6) 6.425-7.125 (U6) 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 7.093-7.897 7.731-8.496 10.675-11.745 12.751-13.248 14.403-15.348 17.685-19.710 21.200-23.618 T/R Spacing (MHz) 252.04 (L6) 340 (U6) 154, 161, 168, 196, 245 119, 126, 266, 311.32 490, 500, 530 266 420, 490 1008, 1010 1008, 1232
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Frequency Bands (High Power ODU)

Table 6-7 Frequency band (HP ODU) Frequency Band 6 GHz Frequency Range (GHz) 5.925-6.425 (L6) 6.430-7.120 (U6) 7 GHz 8 GHz 10 GHz 10.5 GHz 11 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 32 GHz 38 GHz 7.093-7.897 7.731-8.497 10.150-10.650 10.500-10.678 10.675-11.745 12.751-13.248 14.400-15.353 17.685-19.710 21.200-23.618 24.549-26.453 27.520-29.481 31.815-33.383 37.044-40.105 T/R Spacing (MHz) 252.04 (L6) 340 (U6) 154, 161, 168, 196, 245 119, 126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32 350 91 490, 500, 530 266 315, 322, 420, 490, 644, 728 1008, 1010, 1560 1008, 1200, 1232 1008 1008 812 700, 1260
Table 6-8 Frequency Band (HPA ODU) Frequency Band 6 GHz Frequency Range (GHz) 5.925-7.125 T/R Spacing (MHz) 160, 170, 252.04,340, 350
Table 6-9 Frequency band (XMC-2 ODU) Frequency Band 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz Frequency Range (GHz) 7.093-7.897 7.731-8.497 10.675-11.745 T/R Spacing (MHz) 154, 161, 168, 196, 245 119/126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32 500/490, 530/520
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Frequency Band 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28GHz 32GHz 38 GHz 42GHz
Frequency Range (GHz) 12.751-13.248 14.400-15.358 17.685-19.710 21.200-23.618 24.250-26.453 27.520-29.481 31.815-33.383 37.044-40.105 40.522-43.464
T/R Spacing (MHz) 266 315/322, 420, 490, 644, 728 1010/1008, 1092.5, 1560 1008, 1200, 1232 1008 1008 812 1260 1500
Frequency Bands (Low Capacity for PDH ODUs)

Table 6-10 Frequency band (LP ODU) Frequency Band 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz Frequency Range (GHz) 7.093-7.897 7.718-8.496 10.675-11.745 12.751-13.248 14.403-15.348 17.685-19.710 21.200-23.618 T/R Spacing (MHz) 154, 161, 168, 196, 245 119, 126, 266, 311.32 490, 500, 530 266 420, 490 1008, 1010 1008, 1232
Table 6-11 Frequency band (XMC-1 ODU) Frequency Band 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz 13 GHz
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Frequency Range (GHz) 7.093-7.897 7.731-8.497 10.675-11.745 12.751-13.248
T/R Spacing (MHz) 154, 161, 168, 196, 245 119/126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32 500/490, 530/520 266
52
Frequency Band 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz
Frequency Range (GHz) 14.400-15.358 17.685-19.710 21.200-23.618
T/R Spacing (MHz) 315/322, 420, 490, 644, 728 1010/1008, 1560 1008, 1200, 1232
6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity

The receiver sensitivity reflects the anti-fading capability of the microwave equipment.
NOTE
For a guaranteed value, remove 3 dB from the typical value.
Receiver Sensitivity of the SDH/PDH Microwave

Table 6-12 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the PDH microwave (IF0A/IF0B) Item Performance 2xE1 QPSK RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz -94.5 -94.5 -94.5 -94.0 -94.0 -94.0 -94.0 -93.5 -93.0 -92.0 -91.5 -90.0 -90.0 -90.0 -89.5 -89.5 -89.5 -89.5 -89.0 -88.5 -87.5 -87.0 -87.0 -87.0 -87.0 -86.5 -86.5 -86.5 -86.5 -86.0 -85.5 -84.5 -84.0 -85.5 -85.5 -85.5 -85.0 -85.0 -85.0 -85.0 -84.5 -84.0 -83.0 -82.5 5xE1 QPSK 10xE1 QPSK 16xE1 QPSK
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Table 6-13 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the SDH/PDH microwave (i, IF1A/IF1B) Item Performance 4xE1 QPSK RSL@BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz -91.5 -91.5 -91.5 -91.0 -89.0 -91.0 -91.0 -91.0 -91.0 -90.5 -90.0 -89.5 -89.0 -88.5 -87.5 -87.5 -87.5 -87.0 -85.0 -87.0 -87.0 -87.0 -87.0 -86.5 -86.0 -85.5 -85.0 -84.5 -88.5 -88.5 -88.5 -88.0 -86.0 -88.0 -88.0 -88.0 -88.0 -87.5 -87.0 -86.5 -86.0 -85.5 -84.5 -84.5 -84.5 -84.0 -82.0 -84.0 -84.0 -84.0 -84.0 -83.5 -83.0 -82.5 -82.0 -81.5 -85.5 -85.5 -85.5 -85.0 -83.0 -85.0 -85.0 -85.0 -85.0 -84.5 -84.0 -83.5 -83.0 -82.5 -81.5 -81.5 -81.5 -81.0 -79.0 -81.0 -81.0 -81.0 -81.0 -80.5 -80.0 -79.5 -79.0 -78.5 16QAM 8xE1 QPSK 16QAM 16xE1 QPSK 16QAM
Table 6-14 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the SDH/PDH microwave (ii, IF1A/ IF1B) Item Performance 22xE1 32QAM RSL@BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz -80.5 -80.5 -80.5 -80.0 -78.0 -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76.0 -74.0 -79.0 -79.0 -79.0 -78.5 -76.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77.0 -75.0 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73.0 -71.0 26xE1 64QAM 35xE1 16QAM 44xE1 32QAM 53xE1 64QAM
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Item
Performance 22xE1 32QAM 26xE1 64QAM -76.0 -76.0 -76.0 -76.0 -75.5 -75.0 -74.5 -74.0 -73.5 35xE1 16QAM -78.5 -78.5 -78.5 -78.5 -78.0 -77.5 -77.0 -76.5 -76.0 44xE1 32QAM -77.0 -77.0 -77.0 -77.0 -76.5 -76.0 -75.5 -75.0 -74.5 53xE1 64QAM -73.0 -73.0 -73.0 -73.0 -72.5 -72.0 -71.5 -71.0 -70.5
@11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz
-80.0 -80.0 -80.0 -80.0 -79.5 -79.0 -78.5 -78.0 -77.5
Table 6-15 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the SDH/PDH microwave (iii, IF1A/ IF1B/IFX) Item Performance E3 QPSK RSL@BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz -86.5 -86.5 -86.5 -86.0 -84.0 -86.0 -86.0 -86.0 -86.0 -85.5 -85.0 -84.5 -82.5 -82.5 -82.5 -82.0 -80.0 -82.0 -82.0 -82.0 -82.0 -81.5 -81.0 -80.5 -70.5 -70.5 -70.5 -70.0 -68.0 -70.0 -70.0 -70.0 -70.0 -69.5 -69.0 -68.5 16QAM STM-1 128QAM
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Item
Performance E3 QPSK 16QAM -80.0 -79.5 STM-1 128QAM -68.0 -67.5
@32 GHz @38 GHz
-84.0 -83.5
Receiver Sensitivity of the Hybrid Microwave

NOTE
The 10.5 GHz ODU does not support the channel spacing of 40/56 MHz. The receiver sensitivity is not available (NA).
Table 6-16 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (i, IFH2) Item Performance (Channel Spacing: 7 MHz) QPSK RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz @42 GHz -92.5 -92.5 -92.5 -92 -90 -92 -92 -92 -92 -91.5 -91 -90.5 -90 -89.5 -88 -86.5 -86.5 -86.5 -86 -84 -86 -86 -86 -86 -85.5 -85 -84.5 -84 -83.5 -82 -82.5 -82.5 -82.5 -82 -80 -82 -82 -82 -82 -81.5 -81 -80.5 -80 -79.5 -78 -79.5 -79.5 -79.5 -79 -77 -79 -79 -79 -79 -78.5 -78 -77.5 -77 -76.5 -75 -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76 -74 -76 -76 -76 -76 -75.5 -75 -74.5 -74 -73.5 -72 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -71 -73 -73 -73 -73 -72.5 -72 -71.5 -71 -70.5 -69 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
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Table 6-17 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (ii, IFH2) Item Performance (Channel Spacing: 14 MHz) QPSK RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz @42 GHz -90.5 -90.5 -90.5 -90 -88 -90 -90 -90 -90 -89.5 -89 -88.5 -88 -87.5 -86 -83.5 -83.5 -83.5 -83 -81 -83 -83 -83 -83 -82.5 -82 -81.5 -81 -80.5 -79 -79.5 -79.5 -79.5 -79 -77 -79 -79 -79 -79 -78.5 -78 -77.5 -77 -76.5 -75 -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76 -74 -76 -76 -76 -76 -75.5 -75 -74.5 -74 -73.5 -72 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -71 -73 -73 -73 -73 -72.5 -72 -71.5 -71 -70.5 -69 -70.5 -70.5 -70.5 -70 -68 -70 -70 -70 -70 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -68 -67.5 -66 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
Table 6-18 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (iii, IFH2) Item Performance (Channel Spacing: 28 MHz) QPSK RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz -87.5 -87.5 -87.5 -87 -85 -80.5 -80.5 -80.5 -80 -78 -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76 -74 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -71 -70.5 -70.5 -70.5 -70 -68 -67.5 -67.5 -67.5 -67 -65 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
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Item
Performance (Channel Spacing: 28 MHz) QPSK 16QAM -80 -80 -80 -80 -79.5 -79 -78.5 -78 -77.5 -76 32QAM -76 -76 -76 -76 -75.5 -75 -74.5 -74 -73.5 -72 64QAM -73 -73 -73 -73 -72.5 -72 -71.5 -71 -70.5 -69 128QAM -70 -70 -70 -70 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -68 -67.5 -66 256QAM -67 -67 -67 -67 -66.5 -66 -65.5 -65 -64.5 -63
@11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz @42 GHz
-87 -87 -87 -87 -86.5 -86 -85.5 -85 -84.5 -83
Table 6-19 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (iv, IFH2) Item Performance (Channel Spacing: 56 MHz) QPSK RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz -84.5 -84.5 -84.5 -84 NA -84 -84 -84 -84 -83.5 -83 -82.5 -82 -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77 NA -77 -77 -77 -77 -76.5 -76 -75.5 -75 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 NA -73 -73 -73 -73 -72.5 -72 -71.5 -71 -70.5 -70.5 -70.5 -70 NA -70 -70 -70 -70 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -68 -67.5 -67.5 -67.5 -67 NA -67 -67 -67 -67 -66.5 -66 -65.5 -65 -64.5 -64.5 -64.5 -64 NA -64 -64 -64 -64 -63.5 -63 -62.5 -62 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
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Item
Performance (Channel Spacing: 56 MHz) QPSK 16QAM -74.5 -73 32QAM -70.5 -69 64QAM -67.5 -66 128QAM -64.5 -63 256QAM -61.5 -60
@38 GHz @42 GHz
-81.5 -80
Table 6-20 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity of the Hybrid microwave (v, IFH2) Item Performance (Channel Spacing: 40 MHz) 64QAM RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz @42 GHz -72.5 -72.5 -72.5 -72.0 NA -72.0 -72.0 -72.0 -72.0 -71.5 -71.0 -70.5 -70.0 -69.5 -68
6.1.4 Distortion Sensitivity

The distortion sensitivity reflects the anti-multipath fading capability of the OptiX RTN 620.
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Table 6-21 Anti-multipath fading performance Item STM-1/128QAM W-curve STM-1/128QAM dispersion fading margin Performance See Figure 6-1. 51 dB
Figure 6-1 W-curve
6.1.5 Transceiver Performance

The performance of the transceiver includes the nominal maximum/minimum transmit power, nominal maximum receive power, and frequency stability.
NOTE
ODUs are platform products for general use. Therefore, ODU specifications may be separately updated from those of IDUs. For the latest ODU specifications, see the latest issue of ODU Hardware Description.
Transceiver Performance (Standard Power ODU)

Table 6-22 Transceiver Performance (SP ODU) Item Performance QPSK 16QAM/ 32QAM 64QAM/ 128QAM 256QAM
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @7 GHz @8 GHz

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27 27
22.5 22.5
18.5 18.5
16.5 16.5
60
Item
Performance QPSK 16QAM/ 32QAM 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 20.5 19.5 17.5 64QAM/ 128QAM 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 16.5 15.5 13.5 256QAM 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 14.5 13.5 11.5
@11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @38 GHz Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm)
26 26 26 25.5 24 23.5 22 -6
-20
-25
Table 6-23 Transceiver performance (SPA ODU) Item Performance QPSK 16QAM/ 32QAM 64QAM/ 128QAM 256QAM
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz 26.5 25.5 25.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 22.5 22.5 24 21.5 21.5 20.5 20 20 19 19 23 20 20 18 18 18 17 16 21 18 18 16 16 16 15 14
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Item
Performance QPSK 16QAM/ 32QAM 64QAM/ 128QAM 256QAM
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm)
-20
-25
Transceiver Performance (High Power ODU)

Table 6-24 Transceiver performance (HP ODU) Item Performance QPSK 16QAM/ 32QAM 64QAM/ 128QAM 256QAM
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz
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30 30 30 26.5 24 28 26 26 25.5 25 25 25 23 23
26 28 28 22.5 20.5 26 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 20
24 25 25 20.5 18 22 20 20 19 19 19 17 17 17
22 23 23 18.5 16 20 18 18 17 17 17 15 15 15
62
Item
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) @6 GHz @7 GHz @8 GHz @10 GHz @10.5 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm) 9 9 9 2 0 6 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 -20 -25
Table 6-25 Transceiver Performance (HPA ODU) Item Performance QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM/ 128QAM 256QAM
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @6 GHz 30 28 26.5 25 23
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) @6 GHz 9
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Item
Performance QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM/ 128QAM 256QAM -25
Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm)
-20
Table 6-26 Transceiver performance (XMC-2 ODU) Item Performance QPSK 16QAM/ 32QAM 64QAM/ 128QAM 256QAM
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm)

NOTE When the working frequency is 7 GHz or 8 GHz and the channel spacing is 56 MHz, the value of this counter in each modulation format reduces by 3 dBm.
@7 GHz @8 GHz @11GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz @42 GHz
26.5 26.5 26 25 25 24 24 22 25 23 20 16
25.5 25.5 24 22 22 21 21 20 22/21.5 21/19.5 17 12
25 25 22 20.5 20.5 19.5 19.5 18 19 17 16 11
23 23 20 17.5 18.5 16.5 17.5 16 17 15 14 9
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) @7 GHz @8 GHz @11GHz

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Item
@13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @28 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz @42 GHz Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm)
5 5 4 4 0 -3 -3 0 -5 -20 -20 (7 GHz to 38 GHz) -23 (42 GHz) 5 -20 (7 GHz to 38 GHz) -25 (42 GHz)
Transceiver Performance (Low Capacity PDH ODU)

Table 6-27 Transceiver performance (LP ODU) Item Performance QPSK Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @7 GHz @8 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz 27 27 25 25 23.5 23 23 21 21 19 19 17.5 17 17 16QAM
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Item
Performance QPSK 16QAM
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm)
0 -20 5
Table 6-28 Transceiver performance (XMC-1 ODU) Item Performance QPSK Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @7 GHz @8 GHz @11GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz 26.5 26.5 25 25 23.5 23 23 21 21 19 19 17.5 17 17 16QAM
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) @7 GHz @8 GHz @11GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm) 6.5 6.5 0 5 5 4 4 -20 5
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6.1.6 IF Performance
The IF performance includes the performance of the IF signal and the performance of the ODU O&M signal. Table 6-29 IF performance Item IF signal Transmit frequency of the IF board (MHz) Receive frequency of the IF board (MHz) Impedance (ohm) ODU O&M signal Modulation mode Transmit frequency of the IF board (MHz) Receive frequency of the IF board (MHz) ASK 5.5 10 350 140 50 Performance
6.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem

The baseband signal processing performance of the modem indicates the FEC coding scheme and the performance of the baseband time domain adaptive equalizer. Table 6-30 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem Item Encoding mode Performance l Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding for PDH microwave signals and enhanced PDH microwave signals l Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) and RS two-level encoding for SDH signals l Low-density parity check code (LDPC) encoding for Hybrid microwave. Adaptive timedomain equalizer for baseband signals Supported
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6.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability

Predicted equipment reliability includes predicted component reliability and predicted link reliability.
6.2.1 Predicted Component Reliability

The component reliability reflects the reliability of a single component.
SDH/PDH Microwave
Table 6-31 Predicted component reliability (SDH/PDH microwave) Item Performance IDU (1+0 NonProtection Configuration) MTBF (h) MTTR (h) Availability 75.8x104 1 99.99987% IDU (1+1 Protection Configuration) 212.2x04 1 99.99995% ODU
48.18x104 1 99.99979%
Hybrid Microwave
Table 6-32 Predicted component reliability (Hybrid microwave) Item Performance IDU (1+0 NonProtection Configuration) MTBF (h) MTTR (h) Availability 46.97x104 1 99.99979% IDU (1+1 Protection Configuration) 81.49x104 1 99.99988% ODU
48.18x104 1 99.99979%
6.2.2 Predicted Link Reliability

The link reliability reflects the equipment reliability of a microwave hop and reflects the reliability of all the involved components.
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SDH/PDH Microwave
Table 6-33 Predicted equipment reliability for a single hop of link (SDH/PDH microwave) Item Performance 1+0 Non-Protection Configuration MTBF (h) MTTR (h) Availability 14.71x104 1 99.99932% 1+1 Protection Configuration 71.43x104 1 99.99986%
Hybrid Microwave
Table 6-34 Predicted equipment reliability for a single hop of link (Hybrid microwave) Item Performance 1+0 Non-Protection Configuration MTBF (h) MTTR (h) Availability 11.89x104 1 99.99916% 1+1 Protection Configuration 34.85x104 1 99.99971%
6.3 Interface Performance

Interface performance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance of auxiliary interfaces.
6.3.1 SDH Interface Performance

Interface performance consists of the performance of service interfaces and the performance of auxiliary interfaces.
STM-4 Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-4 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957. The following table provides the primary performance.
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Table 6-35 STM-4 optical interface performance Item Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Classification code Fiber type Transmission distance (km) Operating wavelength (nm) Mean launched power (dBm) Minimum receiver sensitivity (dBm) Minimum overload (dBm) Minimum extinction ratio (dB) Performance 622080 S-4.1 Single-mode fiber 15 1274 to 1356 -15 to -8 -28 -8 8.2 L-4.1 Single-mode fiber 40 1280 to 1335 -3 to 2 -28 -8 10 L-4.2 Single-mode fiber 80 1480 to 1580 -3 to 2 -28 -8 10
NOTE
SDH optical interface boards use SFP modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
STM-1 Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957. The following table provides the primary performance. Table 6-36 STM-1 optical interface performance Item Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Classification code Fiber type Transmission distance (km) Operating wavelength (nm) Mean launched power (dBm) Receiver minimum sensitivity (dBm)
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Performance 155520 Ie-1 Multi-mode fiber 2 1270 to 1380 -19 to -14 -30 S-1.1 Single-mode fiber 15 1261 to 1360 -15 to -8 -28 L-1.1 Single-mode fiber 40 1280 to 1335 -5 to 0 -34 L-1.2 Single-mode fiber 80 1480 to 1580 -5 to 0 -34
70
Item Minimum overload (dBm) Minimum extinction ratio (dB)
Performance -14 10 -8 8.2 -10 10 -10 10
NOTE
SDH optical interface boards use SFP modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
STM-1 Electrical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 electrical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. The following table provides the primary performance. Table 6-37 STM-1 electrical interface performance Item Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Code pattern Wire pair in each transmission direction Impedance (ohm) Performance 155520 CMI One coaxial wire pair 75
6.3.2 PDH Interface Performance

The performance of the PDH interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703.
E3/T3 Interface Performance

The performance of the E3/T3 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. The following table provides the primary performance. Table 6-38 E3/T3 interface performance Item Performance E3 Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Code pattern Wire pair in each transmission direction
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T3 44736 B3ZS
34368 HDB3 One coaxial wire pair
71
Item
Performance E3 T3
Impedance (ohm)
75
E1 Interface Performance
The performance of the E1 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. The following table provides the primary performance. Table 6-39 E1 interface performance Item Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Code pattern Wire pair in each transmission direction Impedance (ohm) Performance 2048 HDB3 One coaxial wire pair 75 One symmetrical wire pair 120
6.3.3 Ethernet Interface Performance

The performance of the Ethernet interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3.
GE Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the GE optical interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following table provides the primary performance. Table 6-40 GE optical interface performance Item Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) Classification code Fiber type Transmission distance (km) Operating wavelength (nm) Mean launched power (dBm) Minimum receiver sensitivity (dBm) Minimum overload (dBm)
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Performance 1000 1000Base-SX Multi-mode fiber 0.5 770 to 860 -9.5 to 0 -17 0 1000Base-LX Single-mode fiber 10 1270 to 1355 -9 to -3 -19 -3
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Item Minimum extinction ratio (dB)
Performance 9 9
NOTE
Ethernet service processing boards use SFP modules for providing GE optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP modules to provide GE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
GE Electrical Interface Performance

The GE electrical interface is 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interface and compliant with IEEE 802.3. The GE electrical interface is compatible with FE electrical interfaces. The following table provides the primary performance. Table 6-41 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interface performance Item Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) Performance 10 (10BASE-T) 100 (100BASE-TX) 1000 (1000BASE-T) Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T) MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX) 4D-PAM5 encoding signal (1000BASE-T) Interface type RJ-45
NOTE
The EGS4 board or the IFH2 board uses fixed RJ45 connectors for providing 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interfaces. The EMS6 board uses SFP modules for providing 10/100/1000BASE-T(X) interfaces.
FE electrical Interface Performance

FE interfaces are 10/100BASE-T(X) interfaces and comply with IEEE 802.3. The following table provides the primary performance. Table 6-42 10/100BASE-T(X) interface performance Item Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) Performance 10 (10BASE-T) 100 (100BASE-TX) Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T) MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)
Item Interface type
Performance RJ-45
6.3.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance

The performance of the auxiliary interfaces includes the performance of the order interface, wayside service interface, synchronous data interface, and asynchronous data interface.
Orderwire Interface Performance

Table 6-43 Orderwire interface performance Item Transmission path Orderwire type Wire pair in each transmission direction Impedance (ohm) Performance Uses the E1 and E2 bytes in the SDH overhead or the Huaweidefined byte in the overhead of the microwave frame. Addressing call One symmetrical wire pair 600
NOTE
The OptiX RTN equipment supports the orderwire group call function. For example, when an OptiX RTN equipment calls the number of 888, the orderwire group call number, the orderwire phones of all the OptiX RTN equipment in the orderwire subnet ring until a phone is answered. Then, a point-to-point orderwire phone call is established.
Wayside Service Interface Performance

Table 6-44 Wayside service interface performance Item Transmission path Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Wire pair in each transmission direction Impedance (ohm) Performance Uses the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the microwave frame. 2048 One coaxial wire pair 75
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Synchronous Data Interface Performance

Table 6-45 Synchronous data interface performance Item Transmission path Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Interface type Interface characteristics Performance Uses the F1 byte in the SDH overhead or the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the microwave frame. 64 Codirectional Meets the ITU-T G.703 standard.
Asynchronous Data Interface

Table 6-46 Asynchronous data interface performance Item Transmission path Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) Interface characteristics Performance Uses the user-defined byte of the SDH overhead or the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the microwave frame. 19.2 Meets the RS-232 standard.
6.4 Jitter Performance

The output jitter performance at the SDH and PDH interface complies with relevant ITU-T recommendations. Table 6-47 Jitter performance Item Output jitter tolerance at SDH interface Input jitter tolerance at SDH interface Output jitter tolerance at PDH interface Input jitter tolerance at PDH interface Compliant with ITU-T G.823/ITU-T G.783 Performance Compliant with ITU-T G.813/ITU-T G.825
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6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance

The clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the OptiX RTN 620 meet relevant ITU-T recommendations. Table 6-48 Clock timing and synchronization performance Item External synchronization source Performance 2048 kbit/s (compliant with ITU-T G.703 9), or 2048 kHz (compliant with ITU-T G. 703 13) Compliant with ITU-T G.813
Frequency accuracy Pull-in, hold-in, and pull-out ranges Noise generation Noise tolerance Noise transfer Transient response and holdover performance
6.6 Integrated System Performance

Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power supply, power consumption, EMC, lightning protection, safety, and environment.
Dimensions
Table 6-49 Dimensions Component IDU ODU Dimensions 442 mm x 220 mm x 87 mm (width x depth x height) < 280 mm x 92 mm x 280 mm (width x depth x height)
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Weight and Power Consumption

Table 6-50 Typical weight Component IDU Typical Weight 6.2 kg, (1+0 non-protection) 6.7 kg, (1+1 protection) ODU < 4.6 kg
Table 6-51 Typical power consumption No. Radio Link Form PDH radio link Configuration Typical Power Consumption (IDU+ODU) 1 16xE1, 1+0 non-protection (1xPXC+1xSCC+1xIF0A+1xPH1 +1xFAN+1xLP ODU) 2 16xE1, 1+1 HSB protection (1xPXC+1xSCC+2xIF0A+1xPH1 +1xFAN+2xLP ODU) 3 SDH radio link 1xSTM-1, 1+0 non-protection (1xPXC+1xSCC+1xIF1A+1xSL1 +1xFAN+1xSPA ODU) 4 1xSTM-1, 1+1 HSB protection (1xPXC+1xSCC+2xIF1A+1xSL1 +1xFAN+2xSPA ODU) 5 Hybrid radio link 4xFE+16xE1, 1+0 non-protection (1xPXC+1xSCC+1xIFH2+1xEMS6 +1xPH1+1xFAN+1xSP ODU) 6 4xFE+16xE1, 1+1 HSB protection (1xPXC+1xSCC+2xIFH2+1xEMS6 +1xPH1+1xFAN+2xSP ODU) 123.7 W 87 W 87.5 W 54.0 W 72.4 W 47.5 W
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Power Supply
Table 6-52 Power supply Component IDU Performance l Complies with ETSI EN300 132-2. l Supports two -48 V/-60 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power inputs (mutual backup, load sharing). l Supports 1+1 protection of 3.3 V power units ODU l Complies with ETSI EN300 132-2. l The IDU provides one -48 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power input.
EMC
l l l l l Passes CE authentication. Complies with ETSI EN 301 489-1. Complies with ETSI EN 301 489-4. Complies with CISPR 22. Complies with EN 55022.
Lightning Protection
l l Complies with ITU-T K.27. Complies with ETSI EN 300 253.
Safety
l l l l Passes CE authentication. Complies with ETSI EN 60215. Complies with ETSI EN 60950. Complies with IEC 60825.
Environment
The IDU is a unit used in a place that has weather protection and where the temperature can be controlled. The ODU is an outdoor unit. Table 6-53 Environment Item Component IDU Major reference standards
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ODU Complies with ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 class 4.1
Operation
Complies with ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 class 3.2
78
Item
Component IDU Transportation Storage ODU
Complies with ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 class 2.3 Complies with ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 -5C to +55C -40C to +70C 5% to 95% < 7.2 bel, compliant with ETSI EN 300 753 class 3.2 attended 5% to 100% -35C to +55C
Air temperature
Operation Transportation and storage
Relative humidity Noise
Earthquake Mechanical stress
Complies with Bellcore GR-63-CORE ZONE 4 Complies with ETSI EN 300 019
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7 Standards Compliance
7
About This Chapter
Standards Compliance
7.1 ITU-R Standards The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment. 7.2 ETSI Standards The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment. 7.3 Relevant IEC Standards The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEC standards related to the waveguide. 7.4 ITU-T Standards The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-T standards designed for SDH/PDH equipment. 7.5 IETF Standards The OptiX RTN 620 complies with IETF standards. 7.6 IEEE Standards The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks. 7.7 Environmental Standards The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mount microwave equipment.
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7.1 ITU-R Standards

The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment. Table 7-1 ITU-R standards Standard ITU-R F.384-7 Description Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the upper 6 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relay systems operating in the lower 6 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed radio systems operating in the 7 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the 8 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 11 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 13 GHz frequency band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 15 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed radio systems operating in the 18 GHz frequency band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 23 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 25, 26, and 28 GHz bands Radio-frequency arrangements for systems of the fixed service operating in the 38 GHz band Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital radio-relay systems Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain
ITU-R F.383-6 ITU-R F.385-8 ITU-R F.386-6 ITU-R F.387-9 ITU-R F.497-6 ITU-R F.636-3 ITU-R F.595-8 ITU-R F.637-3 ITU-R F.748-3 ITU-R F.749-2 ITU-R F.1191-1 1 ITU-R SM.329-10
7.2 ETSI Standards

The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment.
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Table 7-2 ETSI standards Standard ETSI EN 302 217-1 V1.1.4 ETSI EN 302 217-2-1 V1.1.3 Description Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview and systemindependent common characteristics Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 2-1: System-dependent requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 2-2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 3: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for equipment operating in frequency bands where no frequency coordination is applied Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependent requirements for antennas Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for antennas Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 1: Point-to-Point equipment - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-1: Point-to-Point antennas; Definitions, general requirements and test procedures Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Multipoint Systems; Spurious emissions and receiver immunity limits at equipment/ antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio Systems
ETSI EN 302 217-2-2 V1.1.3
ETSI EN 302 217-3 V1.1.3
ETSI EN 302 217-4-1 V1.1.3 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1
ETSI EN 301 126-1 V1.1.2 ETSI EN 301 126-3-1 V1.1.2 ETSI EN 301 390 V1.2.1
7.3 Relevant IEC Standards

The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEC standards related to the waveguide.
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Table 7-3 Relevant IEC standards Standard IEC 60153-2-1974 IEC 60154-2-1980 Description Hollow metallic waveguides Part 2: Relevant specifications for ordinary rectangular waveguides Flanges for waveguides Part 2: Relevant specifications for flanges for ordinary rectangular waveguides
7.4 ITU-T Standards

The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the ITU-T standards designed for SDH/PDH equipment. Table 7-4 ITU-T standard Standard ITU-T G.702 ITU-T G.703 ITU-T G.704 ITU-T G.706 ITU-T G.775 Description Digital hierarchy bit rates Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44,736 kbit/s hierarchical levels Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check(CRC) procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704 Loss of Signal(LOS), Alarm Indication Signal(AIS) and Remote Defect Indication(RDI) defect detection and clearance criteria for PDH signals Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) Management capabilities of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) Transport of SDH elements on PDH networks - Frame and multiplexing structures Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission systems Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management information model for the network element view Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) performance monitoring for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of the payload structure for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of multiplexsection protection for the network element view
ITU-T G.707 ITU-T G.831 ITU-T G.832 ITU-T G.773 ITU-T G.774 ITU-T G.774.1 ITU-T G.774.2 ITU-T G.774.3
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Standard ITU-T G.774.4 ITU-T G.774.5 ITU-T G.774.6 ITU-T G.774.7 ITU-T G.774.9 ITU-T G.774.10 ITU-T G.784 ITU-T G.780 ITU-T G.781 ITU-T G.783 ITU-T G.803 ITU-T G.805 ITU-T G.806 ITU-T G.810 ITU-T G.811 ITU-T G.812 ITU-T G.813 ITU-T G.821
Description Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of the sub-network connection protection for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of connection supervision functionality(HCS/LCS) for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) unidirectional performance monitoring for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of lower order path trace and interface labeling for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of linear multiplex section protection for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of linear multiplex section protection for the network element view Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management Vocabulary of terms for synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) networks and equipment Synchronization layer functions Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) equipment functional blocks Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) Generic functional architecture of transport networks Characteristics of transport equipment - Description methodology and generic functionality Definitions and terminology for synchronization networks Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in synchronization networks Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks(SEC) Error performance of an international digital connection operating at a bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of an integrated services digital network Controlled slip rate objectives on an international digital connection The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)
ITU-T G.822 ITU-T G.823 ITU-T G.825
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Standard ITU-T G.826 ITU-T G.828 ITU-T G.829 ITU-T G.957 ITU-T G.958 ITU-T G.841 ITU-T G.842 ITU-T G.7041/Y. 1303 ITU-T G.7042/Y. 1305 ITU-T X.86/Y.1323 ITU-T G.8011
Description Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate synchronous digital paths Error performance events for SDH multiplex and regenerator sections Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on optical fiber cables. Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures Inter-working of SDH network protection architectures Generic framing procedure (GFP) Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated signals Ethernet over LAPS Ethernet over Transport - Ethernet services framework
7.5 IETF Standards

The OptiX RTN 620 complies with IETF standards. Table 7-5 IETF standards Standard RFC 2819 RFC 1662 RFC 2615 Description Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base PPP in HDLC-like Framing PPP over SONET/SDH
7.6 IEEE Standards

The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks.
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Table 7-6 IEEE standards Standard IEEE Std 802.3 IEEE 802.3x IEEE 802.3u Description Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specification Full Duplex Operation and Type 100BASE-T2 Media Access Control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, medium attachment units, and repeater for 100 Mb/s operation, type 100BaseT Media Access Control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, repeater and management parameters for 1000 Mb/s operation Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters for Subscriber Access Networks Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges Virtual bridged local area networks Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 4: Provider Bridges Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 5: Connectivity Fault Management
IEEE 802.3z IEEE 802.3ah IEEE 802.1d IEEE 802.1q IEEE 802.1ad IEEE 802.1ag
7.7 Environmental Standards

The OptiX RTN 620 complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mount microwave equipment. Table 7-7 Environmental standards Standard EN 55022 CISPR 22 ETSI EN 301 489-1 Description Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 4: Specific conditions for fixed radio links and ancillary equipment and services Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical Protection
86
ETSI EN 301 489-4
NEBS GR-63CORE
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Standard EN 60950-1 UL 60950-1 IEC 60825-1 IEC 60825-2 IEC 60950-1 IEC 60950-22 (Outdoor Unit) IEC 61000-4-2
Description Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: General requirements Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: General requirements Safety of laser products-Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide Safety of laser products-Part 2: Safety of optical fiber communication systems (OFCS) Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1: General requirements Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 22: Equipment to be installed outdoors Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Testing and measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test Basic EMC Publication Electromagnetic compatibility; Part 3: Testing and measurement techniques Section 3 radio frequency electromagnetic fields; immunity test. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Basic EMC publication Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 5: Testing and measurement techniques Section 5: Surge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility: Part 6: Testing and measurement techniques: Section 6 conducted disturbances induced by radiofrequency fields; immunity test Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 1: Storage Classes 1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1Z5/1B2/1C2/1S3/1M2 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 2: Transportation Classes 2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2M2 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3: Stationary use at weather-protected locations Classes 3K5/3Z2/3Z4/3B2/3C2(3C1)/3S2/3M2 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4: Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations. Classes 4K2/4Z5/4Z7/4B1/4C2(4C3)/4S2/4M5
IEC 61000-4-3
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-5 IEC 61000-4-6
IEC721-3-1 Classes 1K4/1Z2/1Z3/1Z5/1 B2/1C2/1S3/1M2 IEC721-3-2 Classes 2K4/2B2/2C2/2S2/2 M2 IEC721-3-3 Classes 3K5/3Z2/3Z4/3B2/3 C2 (3C1)/3S2/3M2 (Indoor Unit) IEC721-3-4 Classes 4K2/4Z5/4Z7/4B1/4 C2 (4C3)/4S2/4M5 (Outdoor Unit)
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Standard ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 Class 1.2 ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 Class 2.3 ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 Class 3.2 (Indoor Unit) ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1 (Outdoor Unit)
Description Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-1: Classification of environmental conditions; Storage Class 1.2 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-2: Classification of environmental conditions; Transportation Class 2.3 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3: Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at weather-protected locations; Class 3.2 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-4: Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations Class 4.1
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A Glossary
A
Terms are listed in an alphabetical order. A.1 0-9 A.2 A-E A.3 F-J A.4 K-O A.5 P-T A.6 U-Z
Glossary
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A Glossary
A.1 0-9
1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal is permanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the normal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to the permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected traffic signal to be provided. The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44 mm/1.75 in.) 802.1Q in 802.1Q (QinQ) is a VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN tag to a tagged frame.The implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN tag, making the frame encapsulated with two layers of VLAN tags. The frame is forwarded over the service provider's backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. By this, a layer 2 VPN tunnel is provided to customers.The QinQ feature enables the transmission of the private VLANs to the peer end transparently.
1U 802.1Q in 802.1Q
A.2 A-E
A
ABR ACAP Access Control List See Available Bit Rate See adjacent channel alternate polarization Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP address. The addresses listed in the ACL are used for authentication. If the ACL for the user is not null, it indicates that the address where the user logged in is contained in the list. See Access Control List A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to the channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment adopts a highefficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment adopts the low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the link that carries high-priority services. See Analog to Digital Converter Add/Drop Multiplexing. Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of the constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals are added to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed through the ADM. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is an Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. It allows hosts and routers to determine the link layer addresses through ARP requests and ARP responses. The address resolution is a process in which the host converts the target IP address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame. The basic function of the ARP is to query the MAC address of the target equipment through its IP address.
ACL adaptive modulation
ADC add/drop multiplexer
Address Resolution Protocol
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A Glossary
adjacent channel alternate polarization ADM Administrative Unit
A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals. See add/drop multiplexer The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher order VC) and an AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the multiplex section frame start. See Assured Forwarding See Automatic Gain Control A collection of objects that makes a whole. An aggregation can be a concrete or conceptual set of whole-part relationships among objects. See Alarm Indication Signal When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then, an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm. The shunt-wound output of the alarm signals of several subracks or cabinets. An NE reports the detected alarm to the element management system (EMS). Based on the filter state of the alarm, the EMS determines whether to display or save the alarm information. If the filter state of an alarm is set to Filter, the alarm is not displayed or stored on the EMS. The alarm, however, is still monitored by the NE. A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failure has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with multiple transport layers. Note: See ITU-T Rec. G.707/Y.1322 for specific AIS signals. A function used not to monitor alarms for a specific object, which may be the networkwide equipment, a specific NE, a specific board and even a specific function module of a specific board. See adaptive modulation An electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). See Automatic Protection Switching See Address Resolution Protocol amplitude shift keying Assured Forwarding (AF) is one of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF. AF is suitable for certain key data services that require assured bandwidth and short delay. For traffic within the limit, AF assures quality in forwarding. For traffic that exceeds the limit, AF degrades the service class and continues to forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets. A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channel demand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of network resources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byte header. See Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit
AF AGC aggregation AIS Alarm automatic report alarm cascading Alarm Filtering
Alarm Indication Signal Alarm suppression
AM Analog to Digital Converter APS ARP ASK Assured Forwarding
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM ATM PVC
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A Glossary
ATPC attenuator AU Automatic Gain Control Automatic Protection Switching automatic transmit power control Available Bit Rate
See automatic transmit power control A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fibre Link. Generally used to ensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong. See Administrative Unit A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a specified manner as a function of a specified parameter, such as received signal level. Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system to detect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the traffic. A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detected at the receiver A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.
B
Backward Defect Indication bandwidth When detecting a defect, the sink node of a LSP uses backward defect indication (BDI) to inform the upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path. A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.
Base Station Controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM network. It interworks with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface. It provides the following functions: Radio resource management, Base station management, Power control, Handover control, and Traffic measurement. One BSC controls and manages one or more BTSs in an actual network. Base Transceiver Station BDI BE BER best effort A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic and signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radio equipment, and the antenna. See Backward Defect Indication See best effort See Bit Error Rate A kind of PHB (Per-Hop-Behavior). In the forwarding process of a DS domain, the traffic of this PHB type features reach ability but the DS node does not guarantee the forwarding quality. Basic Input Output System Bit-Interleaved Parity An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the corresponding bit in the received digital signal. Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used to measure the communications quality of a network.
BIOS BIP bit error Bit Error Rate
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A Glossary
blank filler panel BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit
A piece of board to cover vacant slots, to keep the frame away from dirt, to keep proper airflow inside the frame, and to beautify the frame appearance. See Bridge Protocol Data Unit The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was intended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridges interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state. A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is determined by the broadcast address. See Base Station Controller See Base Transceiver Station A storage area used for handling data in transit. Buffers are used in internetworking to compensate for differences in processing speed between network devices. Bursts of data can be stored in buffers until they can be handled by slower processing devices.
Broadcast BSC BTS Buffer
C
C-VLAN cable ladder Customer VLAN (1) A cable ladder is a frame which supports electrical cables. (2) Two metal cables usually made of stainless steel with rungs of lightweight metal tubing such as aluminum, six or eight inches wide spaced about eighteen inches apart. It can be rolled into a compact lightweight bundle for transport ease. The tape used to bind the cables. The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet. Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses but are more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to the firewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing. See committed access rate See Constant Bit Rate See Circuit Cross Connect See Co-Channel Dual Polarization See continuity check message See Customer Edge The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. See Circuit Emulation Service See compact flash Cisco Group Management Protocol Cable distribution plate A component which is used to arrange the cables in order.
cable tie cabling trough captive nut
CAR CBR CCC CCDP CCM CE Central Processing Unit CES CF CGMP
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A Glossary
CIR Circuit Cross Connect Circuit Emulation Service
See Committed Information Rate An implementation of MPLS L2VPN through the static configuration of labels. A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the original sequence at the reception end. See Common and Internal Spanning Tree A switch of the highest priority is elected as the root in an MSTP network. A class object that stores the priority mapping rules. When network congestion occurs, the class of service (CoS) first processes services by different priority levels from high to low. If the bandwidth is insufficient to support all services, the CoS dumps the services of low priority. The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a network. A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization is twice the transmission capacity of the single polarization. A signal transmission technology that multiplexes widely-spaced optical channels into the same fiber. CWDM widely spaces wavelengths at a spacing of several nm. CWDM does not support optical amplifiers and is applied in short-distance chain networking. A packet whose priority is determined by defined colors. Two or multiple BTS cabinets of the same type are combined to serve as one BTS. A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface. CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classified into QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate can be defined. The rate at which a frame relay network agrees to transfer information in normal conditions. Namely, it is the rate, measured in bit/s, at which the token is transferred to the leaky bucket.
CIST CIST root Class of Service
Clock tracing Co-Channel Dual Polarization Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Colored packet Combined cabinet committed access rate
Committed Information Rate
Common and Internal Common and Internal Spanning Tree. The single Spanning Tree calculated by STP and Spanning Tree RSTP together with the logical continuation of that connectivity through MST Bridges and regions, calculated by MSTP to ensure that all LANs in the Bridged Local Area Network are simply and fully connected. compact flash Compact flash (CF) was originally developed as a type of data storage device used in portable electronic devices. For storage, CompactFlash typically uses flash memory in a standardized enclosure. A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can be used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence. A plate that connects two adjacent cabinet together at the cabinet top for fixing.
Concatenation connecting plate for combining cabinets
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A Glossary
Connectivity Check
Ethernet CFM can detect the connectivity between MEPs. The detection is achieved by each MEP transmitting a Continuity Check Message (CCM) periodically. This detection is called CC detection. constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend on precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission. An extension of shortest path algorithms like OSPF and IS-IS. The path computed using CSPF is a shortest path fulfilling set of constrains. It simply means that it runs shortest path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. A constraint could be minimum bandwidth required per link (also known as bandwidth guaranteed constraint), end-to-end delay, maximum number of link traversed etc. CSPF is widely used in MPLS Traffic Engineering. The routing using CSPF is known as Constraint Based Routing (CBR). An alternative to RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol) in MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) networks. RSVP, which works at the IP (Internet Protocol) level, uses IP or UDP datagrams to communicate between LSR (Label Switched Routing) peers. RSVP does not require the maintenance of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) sessions, although RSVP must assume responsibility for error control. CR-LDP is designed to facilitate the routing of LSPs (Label Switched Paths) through TCP sessions between LSR peers through the communication of label distribution messages during the session. CCM is used to detect the link status. A pipe which is used for fiber routing. See Class of Service See Central Processing Unit See Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol See Cyclic Redundancy Check A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminate the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP. See Constraint Shortest Path First A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to the Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host. See Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.
Constant Bit Rate
Constraint Shortest Path First
Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol
continuity check message corrugated tube CoS CPU CR-LDP CRC cross polarization interference cancellation CSPF Customer Edge CWDM Cyclic Redundancy Check
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A Glossary
D
Data Circuit-terminal Equipment Data Communication Network Also Data Communications Equipment (DCE) and Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). The basic function of a DCE is to convert data from one interface, such as a digital signal, to another interface, such as an analog signal. One example of DCE is a modem. A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the Data Communication Function (DCF).
Data Communications The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to Channel transmit information on operation, management, maintenance and provision (OAM&P) between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as the 192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel that are composed of bytes D4-D12 is referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel. Datagram DC DC-C DC-I DC-Return Common (with Ground) DC-Return Isolate (with Ground) DCC DCE DCN DDF DDN DE Detour LSP diamond-shaped nut A kind of PDU which is used in Connectionless Network Protocol, such as IP datagram, UDP datagram. See Direct Current See DC-Return Common (with Ground) See DC-Return Isolate (with Ground) A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment. A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGND on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment. See Data Communications Channel See Data Circuit-terminal Equipment See Data Communication Network See Digital Distribution Frame See Digital Data Network See discard eligible The LSP that is used to re-route traffic around a failure in one-to-one backup. A type of nut that is used to fasten the wiring frame to the cabinet.
Differentiated Services A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a series of functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of perhop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning functions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing. Differentiated Services Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits Code Point 0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various service streams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHB according to the DSCP value. DiffServ Digital Data Network See Differentiated Services A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplex technology.
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A Glossary
Digital Distribution Frame digital modulation
A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and the exchange with transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the functions such as cables connection, cable patching, and test of loops that transmitting digital signals. A digital modulation controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the carrier based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the information can be transmitted by the carrier. Electrical current whose direction of flow does not reverse. The current may stop or change amplitude, but it always flows in the same direction. A bit in the frame relay header. It indicates the priority of a packet. If a node supports the FR QoS, the rate of the accessed FR packets is controlled. When the packet traffic exceeds the specified traffic, the DE value of the redundant packets is set to 1. In the case of network congestion, the packets with DE value as 1 are discarded at the node. Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol. The DVMRP protocol is an Internet gateway protocol mainly based on the RIP. The protocol implements a typical dense mode IP multicast solution. The DVMRP protocol uses IGMP to exchange routing datagrams with its neighbors. A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a domain that is not DS-capable. In the DifferServ mechanism, the DS domain is a domain consisting of a group of network nodes that share the same service provisioning policy and same PHB. It provides point-to-point QoS guarantees for services transmitted over this domain. A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node. A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior node. See Differentiated Services Code Point
Direct Current discard eligible
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DS boundary node DS domain
DS interior node DS node DSCP
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to radiate or receive simultaneously two independent radio waves orthogonally polarized. DVMRP See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
E
E-AGGR E-LAN E-Tree EBS ECC EF EFM Electro Magnetic Interference Ethernet-Aggregation See Ethernet LAN See Ethernet-Tree See Excess Burst Size See Embedded Control Channel See Expedited Forwarding See Ethernet in the First mile Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.
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A Glossary
electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility is the condition which prevails when telecommunications equipment is performing its individually designed function in a common electromagnetic environment without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional electromagnetic interference to or from other equipment in the same environment. [NTIA]
ElectroStatic Discharge The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field. Embedded Control Channel EMC EMI Engineering label EPLn equalization ERPS ES-IS ESD ESD jack ETH-CC ETH-LB ETH-LT Ethernet An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer. See electromagnetic compatibility See Electro Magnetic Interference A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification. See Ethernet Private LAN A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can compensate for the changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency selective fading. See ethernet ring protection switching End System to Intermediate System See ElectroStatic Discharge Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap. Ethernet Continuity Check Ethernet Loopback Ethernet Link Trace A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/ s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining.. Last mile access from the broadband device to the user community. The EFM takes the advantages of the SHDSL.bis technology and the Ethernet technology. The EFM provides both the traditional voice service and internet access service of high speed. In addition, it meets the users' requirements on high definition television system (HDTV) and Video On Demand (VOD). Ethernet LAN. A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different domains over the PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as a Layer 2 switch. Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared between different customers. protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet ring topologies. A service that is both a LAN service and a virtual private service. etherenet tree. An Ethernet service type that is based on a Point-to-multipoint Ethernet Virtual Connection.
Ethernet in the First mile
Ethernet LAN
Ethernet Private LAN ethernet ring protection switching Ethernet Virtual Private LAN Ethernet-Tree
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A Glossary
ETS ETSI ETSI 300mm cabinet European Telecommunications Standards Institute EVPL EVPLn Excess Burst Size
European Telecommunication Standards See European Telecommunications Standards Institute A cabinet which is 600mm in width and 300mm in depth, compliant with the standards of the ETSI. A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
Ethernet Virtual Private Line See Ethernet Virtual Private LAN excess burst size. In the single rate three color marker (srTCM) mode, the traffic control is realized by the token buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the information is transferred at the committed information rate. This parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded. An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. The protection switching is not really performed.
Exercise Switching
Expedited Forwarding Expedited Forwarding (EF) is the highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHB is suitable for services that demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broad bandwidth. In all the cases, EF traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or faster than the set rate. The DSCP value of EF PHB is "101110".
A.3 F-J
F
Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been detected. A type of Ethernet with a maximum transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s. It complies with the IEEE 802.3u standard and extends the traditional media-sharing Ethernet standard. The link pulse that is used to encode information during automatic negotiation. Frame Check Sequence See frequency diversity See Forward Defect Indication See Fast Ethernet See Forward Error Correction Fast Failure Detection A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source (or a detector).
Fast Ethernet fast link pulse FCS FD FDI FE FEC FFD Fiber Connector
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A Glossary
fiber patch cord Field Programmable Gate Array
A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for connections between subracks or inside a subrack. A type of semi-customized circuit used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as the PAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits, but also overcomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of the limited number of gate arraies. See First in First out A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computers on the Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must be an FTP client and the other an FTP server. A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked. See fast link pulse This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protection channel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardless of the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boards are satisfying a higher priority bridge request. Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to the sink node of the LSP by the node that first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the defect and its location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected higher level client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers. A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during transmission are corrected at the receive end. Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and can be used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network. See Field Programmable Gate Array Piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units. Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that can not support the original size of the packet. A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle. A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words, a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements prespecified by the sending and receiving parties. A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certain frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading. See File Transfer Protocol The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link. On the communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.
FIFO File Transfer Protocol
First in First out FLP Forced switch
Forward Defect Indication
Forward Error Correction Forwarding plane FPGA Fragment Fragmentation frame
frequency diversity
FTP Full duplex
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A Glossary
G
gateway network element GCP GE A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer and the NM application layer See GMPLS control plan See Gigabit Ethernet
Generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that initiatively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This is to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream router to avoid packet discarding and congestion. GFP Gigabit Ethernet Generic Framing Procedure GE adopts the IEEE 802.3z. GE is compatible with 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet.It runs at 1000Mbit/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses a private medium, and it does not support coaxial cables or other cables. It also supports the channels in the bandwidth mode. If Gigabit Ethernet is, however, deployed to be the private bandwidth system with a bridge (switch) or a router as the center, it gives full play to the performance and the bandwidth. In the network structure, Gigabit Ethernet uses full duplex links that are private, causing the length of the links to be sufficient for backbone applications in a building and campus. A global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to worldwide users . The OptiX GMPLS control plan (GCP) is the ASON software developed by Huawei. The OptiX GCP applies to the OptiX OSN product series. By using this software, the traditional network can evolve into the ASON network. The OptiX OSN product series support the ASON features. See gateway network element See Global Positioning System See Graceful Restart In IETF, protocols related to Internet Protocol/Multiprotocol Label Switching (IP/ MPLS) such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System-Intermediate System (IS-IS), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are extended to ensure that the forwarding is not interrupted when the system is restarted. This reduces the flapping of the protocols at the control plane when the system performs the active/standby switchover. This series of standards is called Graceful Restart. A visual computer environment that represents programs, files, and options with graphical images, such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes, on the screen. (electricity) Opposition of the earth to the flow of current through it; its value depends on the nature and moisture content of the soil, on the material, composition, and nature of connections to the earth, and on the electrolytic action present. See Generic traffic shaping See Graphical User Interface Components to guide, position, and support plug-in boards.
Global Positioning System GMPLS control plan
GNE GPS GR Graceful Restart
Graphical User Interface ground resistance
GTS GUI guide rail
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A Glossary
H
H-QoS HA half-duplex Hierarchical Quality of Service See High Availability A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before replying. High Density Bipolar Code 3 See High level Data Link Control procedure The ability of a system to continuously perform its functions during a long period, which may exceeds the suggested working time of the independent components. You can obtain the high availability (HA) by using the error tolerance method. Based on learning cases one by one, you must also clearly understand the limitations of the system that requires an HA ability and the degree to which the ability can reach. A data link protocol from ISO for point-to-point communications over serial links. Derived from IBM's SDLC protocol, HDLC has been the basis for numerous protocols including X.25, ISDN, T1, SS7, GSM, CDPD, PPP and others. Various subsets of HDLC have been developed under the name of Link Access Procedure (LAP). A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the WCDMA network topology. The priority of the tunnel with respect to holding resources, ranging from 0 (indicates the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the resources occupied by the tunnel can be preempted by other tunnels. A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internet operation a hop represents a small step on the route from one main computer to another. A mechanism of ensuring device running security. The environment variables and storage information of each running device are synchronized to the standby device. When the faults occur on the running device, the standby device can take over the services in the faulty device in automatic or manual way to ensure the normal running of the entire system. Higher Order Path See High Speed Downlink Packet Access Hitless Switch Mode High Tributary Bus The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio supports the AM function.
HDB3 HDLC High Availability
High level Data Link Control procedure
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Hold priority
Hop hot standby
HP HSDPA HSM HTB hybrid radio
I
ICMP IDU
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See Internet Control Messages Protocol See indoor unit

A Glossary
IEC IEEE IETF IF IGMP IGMP snooping
See International Electrotechnical Commission See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Internet Engineering Task Force See intermediate frequency See Internet Group Management Protocol A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages and controls the multicast group by listening to and analyze the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packet between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner, the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently. See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services. A method of looping the signals from the cross-connect unit back to the cross-connect unit. A society of engineering and electronics professionals based in the United States but boasting membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical, electronics, computer engineering, and science-related matters. The area for the interface boards on the subrack.
IMA indoor unit Inloop Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Interface board area
intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF signal. Intermediate System The basic unit in the IS-IS protocol used to transmit routing information and generate routes.
Intermediate System to A protocol used by network devices (routers) .IS-IS is a kind of Interior Gateway Protocol Intermediate System (IGP), used within the ASs. It is a link status protocol using Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm to calculate the route. Internal Spanning Tree Internal spanning tree. A segment of CIST in a certain MST region. An IST is a special MSTI whose ID is 0. International Electrotechnical Commission International Organization for Standardization Internet Control Messages Protocol Internet Group Management Protocol Internet Protocol The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international and nongovernmental standards organization dealing with electrical and electronical standards. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards. ICMP belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is used to send error and control messages during the transmission of IP-type data packets. The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups among the TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group memberships. The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP packet as the unit of information sent across an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, best-effort packet delivery service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. The entire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the two fundamental protocols. IP is standardized in RFC 791.
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A Glossary
Internet Protocol Version 6
A update version of IPv4. It is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). The specifications and standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is also called. It is a new version of the Internet Protocol, designed as the successor to IPv4. The specifications and standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while an IPv6 address has 128 bits. Inverse Multiplexing over ATM. The ATM inverse multiplexing technique involves inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of the link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group. See Internet Protocol See Internet Protocol Version 6 See Intermediate System to Intermediate System See International Organization for Standardization See Internal Spanning Tree International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector Independence VLAN learning
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM
IP IPv6 IS-IS ISO IST ITU-T IVL
J
Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system instability.
A.4 K-O
L
L2VPN Label Switched Path See Layer 2 virtual private network A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through label switching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based on normal routing mechanisms, or through configuration.
Label Switching Router The Label Switching Router (LSR) is the basic element of MPLS network. All LSRs support the MPLS protocol. The LSR is composed of two parts: control unit and forwarding unit. The former is responsible for allocating the label, selecting the route, creating the label forwarding table, creating and removing the label switch path; the latter forwards the labels according to groups received in the label forwarding table. LACP LAG LAN LAPD LAPS See Link Aggregation Control Protocol See link aggregation group See Local Area Network Link Access Procedure on the D channel Link Access Procedure-SDH
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A Glossary
Laser
A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor laser as the light source. A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is the second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.
layer 2 switch
Layer 2 virtual private A virtual private network realized in the packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer network 2 switching technologies. LB LCAS LDPC line rate forwarding Link Aggregation Control Protocol See Loopback See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Low-Density Parity Check code The line rate equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad) that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACP allows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link aggregation group so that a MAC clientcan treat the link aggregation group as if it were a single link. Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Link Protection The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamic provisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements. Protection provided by the bypass tunnel for the link on the working tunnel. The link is a downstream link adjacent to the PLR. When the PLR fails to provide node protection, the link protection should be provided. Linear Multiplex Section Protection A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/ s (that is, 1 Gbit/s). When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from being switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to the working channel. See Loss Of Frame Loss Of Multiframe A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the signal or message can be analyzed for errors. See Loss Of Pointer See Loss Of Signal A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.
LMSP Local Area Network
Locked switching
LOF LOM Loopback LOP LOS Loss Of Frame
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A Glossary
Loss Of Pointer
Loss of Pointer: A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start of cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer. Loss of signal (LOS) indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the received signal. The subrack close to the bottom of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks. Lower Order Path Link State Path Through See Label Switched Path See Label Switching Router
Loss Of Signal Lower subrack LP LPT LSP LSR
M
MA MAC MAC MADM Maintenance Association Maintenance association End Point See Maintenance Association See Medium Access Control See Media Access Control Multi Add-Drop Multiplexer That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance Entities. A MEP is an actively managed CFM Entity, associated with a specific DSAP of a Service Instance, which can generate and receive CFM frames and track any responses. It is an end point of a single Maintenance Association, and terminates a separate Maintenance Entity for each of the other MEPs in the same Maintenance Association. The Maintenance Domain (MD) refers to the network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by CFM. The devices in an MD are managed by a single ISP. Maintenance Point (MP) is one of either a MEP or a MIP. A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as routers and switches) in a network. A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of a higher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to the protection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability. The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the size of the largest datagram that can be sent over a network. Maximum Burst Size See Message Communication Function See Maintenance Domain See Medium Dependent Interface The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.
Maintenance Domain Maintenance Point Management Information Base Manual switching
Maximum Transfer Unit MBS MCF MD MDI Mean Time To Repair
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A Glossary
Media Access Control
A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information are transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer. A general reference to the low-level hardware protocols used to access a particular network. The term MAC address is often used as a synonym for physical addresses. The electrical and mechanical interface between the equipment and the media transmission. See Maintenance association End Point The MCF is composed of a protocol stack that allows exchange of management information with their prs . See Management Information Base Maintenance Intermediate Point See Multi-link Point to Point Protocol An L-shape steel sheet. One side is fixed on the front panel with screws, and the other side is fixed on the installation hole with screws. On both sides of a rack, there is an Lshaped metal fastener. This ensures that internal components are closely connected with the rack. Normally, an internal component is installed with two mount angles. See Maintenance Point Maintenance Point Identification See Multi-Protocol Label Switch The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network.In this case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP. The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of fault detection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and relevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CRLSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs. In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum. Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to be transported through multiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used. In traffic engineering, such a group of LSP tunnels are referred to as TE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has two identifiers. One is the Tunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquely define the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by the SENDER_TEMPLATE or FILTER_SPEC object. See Multiplex Section See multiplex section protection
Medium Access Control Medium Dependent Interface MEP Message Communication Function MIB MIP MLPPP mount angle
MP MPID MPLS MPLS L2VPN
MPLS OAM
MPLS TE MPLS TE tunnel
MS MSP
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A Glossary
MSTI MSTP MTBF MTTR MTU Multi-link Point to Point Protocol Multi-Protocol Label Switch
See Multiple Spanning Tree Instance See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Mean Time Between Failure See Mean Time To Repair See Maximum Transfer Unit A protocol used in ISDN connections. MLPPP lets two B channels act as a single line, doubling connection rates to 128Kbps. A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of networks, and is beneficial to routing. A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. The destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast group rather than a host. Multiple spanning tree instance. One of a number of Spanning Trees calculated by MSTP within an MST Region, to provide a simply and fully connected active topology for frames classified as belonging to a VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MST Configuration. A VLAN cannot be assigned to multiple MSTIs. Multiple spanning tree protocol. The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network.The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs. The MST region consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links among them. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MST region attributes belong to the same MST region. The attributes for the same MST region are as follows: Same region name Same revision level Same mapping relation between the VLAN ID to MSTI The trail between and including two multiplex section trail termination functions. A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a "protection" channel.
Multicast
Multiple Spanning Tree Instance
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
Multiple Spanning Tree Region
Multiplex Section multiplex section protection
N
N+1 protection NE NE Explorer A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection channel. See Network Element The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiX equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE, boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.
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A Glossary
Network Element
A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. One NE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors the entire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board. The network management system in charge of the operation, administration, and maintenance of a network.
network management system
Network Service Access A network address defined by ISO, through which entities on the network layer can Point access OSI network services. Network to Network Interface next hop NLP NMS NNHOP NNI Node This is an internal interface within a network linking two or more elements. The next router to which a packet is sent from any given router as it traverses a network on its journey to its final destination. Normal Link Pulse See network management system Next-Next-Hop See Network to Network Interface A node stands for a managed device in the network.For a device with a single frame, one node stands for one device.For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for one frame of the device.Therefore, a node does not always mean a device. A parameter of the FRR protection. It indicates that the bypass tunnel should be able to protect the downstream node that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the PLR. The node cannot be a merge point, and the bypass tunnel should also be able to protect the downstream link that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the PLR. A network element whose communication with the NM application layer must be transferred by the gateway network element application layer. See non-gateway network element See Network Service Access Point Not Stop Forwarding Network Serial Multiplexed Interface
Node Protection
non-gateway network element non-GNE NSAP NSF NSMI
O
OAM ODF ODU One-to-One Backup Open Shortest Path First See Operation, Administration and Maintenanc See Optical Distribution Frame See outdoor unit A local repair method in which a backup tunnel is separately created for each protected tunnel at a PLR. A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. A link state database is constructed of the network topology which is identical on all routers in the area.
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A Glossary
Open Systems Interconnection
A standard or "reference model" (officially defined by the International Organization of Standards (ISO)) for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a telecommunication network. The reference model defines seven layers of functions that take place at each end of a communication. Operation, Administration and Maintenance. A group of network support functions that monitor and sustain segment operation, activities that are concerned with, but not limited to, failure detection, notification, location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faults and keep a segment in an operational state and support activities required to provide the services of a subscriber access network to users/subscribers. A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers. A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or maintenance engineers of different stations. See Open Systems Interconnection OptiX Software Platform See Open Shortest Path First The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency conversion and amplification for RF signals. A method of looping back the input signals received at an port to an output port without changing the structure of the signals. The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.
Operation, Administration and Maintenanc
Optical Distribution Frame orderwire OSI OSP OSPF outdoor unit Outloop Output optical power
A.5 P-T
P
Packet over SDH/ SONET packet switched network Packing case Path/Channel A MAN and WAN technology that provides point-to-point data connections. The POS interface uses SDH/SONET as the physical layer protocol, and supports the transport of packet data (such as IP packets) in MAN and WAN. A telecommunication network which works in packet switching mode. A case which is used for packing the board or subrack. A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signal at the given rate is assembled, and the point at which the standard frame format for the signal is disassembled. See peak burst size See Printed Circuit Board PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. A high performance bus, 32-bit or 64-bit for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems. See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Protocol Data Unit See Provider Edge
PBS PCB PCI bus PDH PDU PE

Issue 02 (2011-12-20)
A Glossary
peak burst size
A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. This parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
Peak Information Rate Peak Information Rate . A traffic parameter, expressed in bit/s, whose value should be not less than the committed information rate. Penultimate Hop Popping Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a Label Switched Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an adjacent Label Edge Router (LER). A forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node. This behavior belongs to the behavior aggregate defined in the DiffServ domain. See Per-Hop-Behavior See Penultimate Hop Popping Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode See Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode See Peak Information Rate
Per-Hop-Behavior PHB PHP PIM-DM PIM-SM PIR
Plesiochronous Digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimum Hierarchy rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates. Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol on the data link layer, provides point-to-point transmission and encapsulates data packets on the network layer. It is located in layer 2 of the IP protocol stack. polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave. See Packet over SDH/SONET A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies power for the subracks in the cabinet. See Point-to-Point Protocol Provider Provisioned VPN See Priority Queuing Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Primary Reference Clock A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
POS Power box PPP PPVPN PQ PRBS PRC Printed Circuit Board
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A Glossary
Priority Queuing
A priority queue is an abstract data type in computer programming that supports the following three operations: 1) InsertWithPriority: add an element to the queue with an associated priority 2) GetNext: remove the element from the queue that has the highest priority, and return it (also known as "PopElement(Off)", or "GetMinimum") 3) PeekAtNext (optional): look at the element with highest priority without removing it An area for the processing boards on the subrack. A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, one half of the cable is yellow; while the other half is green. A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.
Processing board area protection grounding cable Protection path
Protocol Independent A protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and interMulticast-Sparse Mode domain) internets. This protocol is named protocol independent because it is not dependent on any particular unicast routing protocol for topology discovery, and sparsemode because it is suitable for groups where a very low percentage of the nodes (and their routers) will subscribe to the multicast session. Unlike earlier dense-mode multicast routing protocols such as DVMRP and PIM-DM which flooded packets everywhere and then pruned off branches where there were no receivers, PIM-SM explicitly constructs a tree from each sender to the receivers in the multicast group. Multicast packets from the sender then follow this tree. Provider Edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is responsible for VPN user management, establishment of LSPs between PEs, and exchange of routing information between sites of the same VPN. During the process, a PE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE. An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is maintained by the two end PEs of a PW. Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) is a type of end-to-end Layer 2 transmitting technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a Packet Switched Network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates the essential attributes of low speed Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real situation. See packet switched network Packet Transport Network See Pseudo wire See Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
Pseudo wire
Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-toEdge
PSN PTN PW PWE3
Q
QoS QPSK See Quality of Service See Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Phase Shift Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a modulation method of data transmission Keying through the conversion or modulation and the phase determination of the reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each QPSK character can perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Gray code on graph with the minimum BER.
A Glossary
Quality of Service
Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoS is influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability, service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.
R
Radio Freqency A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic wave. The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current. The AC with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can be classified into such high-frequency current. A device used in the RNS to control the usage and integrity of radio resources. A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronization resulted in traditional Tail-Drop can be prevented. An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with the STP protocol. See Remote Defect Indication The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER. See Random Early Detection See Remote Error Indication A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing direction when a terminal detects specific defects in the incoming signal. A remote error indication (REI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There are two types of REI alarms: Remote error indication line (REI-L) is sent to the upstream LTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte. Remote error indication path (REI-P) is sent to the upstream PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte. A manage information base (MIB) defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). RMON is mainly used to monitor the data flow of one network segment or the entire network. The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is designed for Integrated Service and is used to reserve resources on every node along a path. RSVP operates on the transport layer; however, RSVP does not transport application data. RSVP is a network control protocol like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). A traffic control method. In telecommunication, when detecting that the transmit end transmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals to ask the transmit end to slow down the transmission rate. See Radio Freqency Request For Comment
Radio Network Controller Random Early Detection Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RDI Received Signal Strength Indicator Receiver Sensitivity RED REI Remote Defect Indication Remote Error Indication
remote network monitoring Resource Reservation Protocol
Reverse pressure
RF RFC
Issue 02 (2011-12-20)
A Glossary
RIP RMON RNC Root alarm route Routing Information Protocol
See Routing Information Protocol See remote network monitoring See Radio Network Controller An alarm directly caused by anomaly events or faults in the network. Some lower-level alarms always accompany a root alarm. A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/ IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically. Routing Information Protocol: A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source and destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth. A table that stores and updates the locations (addresses) of network devices. Routers regularly share routing table information to be up to date. A router relies on the destination address and on the information in the table that gives the possible routes--in hops or in number of jumps--between itself, intervening routers, and the destination. Routing tables are updated frequently as new information is available. Reed-Solomon encoding Received Signal Level See Received Signal Strength Indicator See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol See Resource Reservation Protocol Radio Transmission Node
routing table
RS RSL RSSI RSTP RSVP RTN
S
SD SDH SDP SEMF Service Level Agreement See space diversity See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Serious Disturbance Period Synchronous Equipment Management Function A management-documented agreement that defines the relationship between service provider and its customer. It also provides specific, quantifiable information about measuring and evaluating the delivery of services. The SLA details the specific operating and support requirements for each service provided. It protects the service provider and customer and allows the service provider to provide evidence that it has achieved the documented target measure. Severely Errored Second The priority of the tunnel with respect to obtaining resources, ranging from 0 (indicates the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the tunnel can preempt the resources required by other backup tunnels. See Signal Fail See Small Form-Factor Pluggable
SES Setup Priority
SF SFP
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A Glossary
side trough signal cable Signal Fail Signal Noise Ratio
The trough on the side of the cable rack, which is used to place nuts so as to fix the cabinet. Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signal cable. SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condition (not being the degraded defect) is active. The SNR or S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in dB (Decibel). A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the transmission of management information between any two points. The polling mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control information about each device is maintained by a management information block. Of or relating to a telecommunications system in which only one message can be sent in either direction at one time. See Service Level Agreement To divide data into the information units proper for transmission. A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers. See SubNetwork Connection See SubNetwork Connection Protection See Simple Network Management Protocol See Signal Noise Ratio Strict Priority A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.
Simple Network Management Protocol
simplex SLA Slicing Small Form-Factor Pluggable SNC SNCP SNMP SNR SP space diversity
Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop. STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths through certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network. SSM Static Virtual Circuit See Synchronization Status Message Static virtual circuit. A static implementation of MPLS L2VPN that transfers L2VPN information by manual configuration of VC labels, instead of by a signaling protocol.
Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can be transmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only to active input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices to be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM. STM STM-1 See synchronous transport module SDH Transport Module -1
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A Glossary
STM-1e STM-1o STP sub-network
STM-1 Electrical Interface STM-1 Optical Interface See Spanning Tree Protocol Sub-network is the logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group of network management objects. The network that consists of a group of interconnected or correlated NEs, according to different functions. For example, protection subnet, clock subnet and so on. A sub-network can contain NEs and other sub-networks. Generally, a sub-network is used to contain the equipments which are located in adjacent regions and closely related with one another, and it is indicated with a sub-network icon on a topological view. The U2000 supports multilevels of sub-networks. A sub-network planning can better the organization of a network view. On the one hand, the view space can be saved, on the other hand, it helps the network management personnel focus on the equipments under their management. The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine, server or router and is matched with the IP address. A "transport entity" that transfers information across a subnetwork, it is formed by the association of "ports" on the boundary of the subnetwork.
subnet mask
SubNetwork Connection
SubNetwork A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if Connection Protection the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required level. SVC SVL Switch See Static Virtual Circuit Shared VLAN Learning To filter, forward frames based on label or the destination address of each frame. This behavior operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.
Synchronization Status A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronous Message timing link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and the synchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two perform operations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold, and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines the transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode, transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and BISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH is suitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since it uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.
synchronous transport An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields module organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 . The information is suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Higher capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacities for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.
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A Glossary
T
tail drop A type of QoS. When a queue within a network router reaches its maximum length, packet drops can occur. When a packet drop occurs, connection-based protocols such as TCP slow down their transmission rates in an attempt to let queued packets be serviced, thereby letting the queue empty. This is also known as tail drop because packets are dropped from the input end (tail) of the queue. A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism. Tag Control Information See TransmissionControl Protocol See Time Division Multiplexing See traffic engineering See Traffic Engineering DataBase
Tail drop
TCI TCP TDM TE TEDB
Telecommunication The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T Management Network for managing open systems in a communications network.An architecture for management, including planning, provisioning, installation, maintenance, operation and administration of telecommunications equipment, networks and services. TIM Time Division Multiplexing Trace Identifier Mismatch It is a multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time slots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3......), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross time slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be transmitted over one channel. A technique used in best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets that loop endlessly. The TTL is set by the sender to the maximum time the packet is allowed to be in the network. Each router in the network decrements the TTL field when the packet arrives, and discards any packet if the TTL counter reaches zero. See Telecommunication Management Network A ToS sub-field (the bits 0 to 2 in the ToS field) in the ToS field of the IP packet header. See Tributary Protection Switch A task that effectively maps the service flows to the existing physical topology. TEDB is the abbreviation of the traffic engineering database. MPLS TE needs to know the features of the dynamic TE of every links by expanding the current IGP, which uses the link state algorithm, such as OSPF and IS-IS. The expanded OSPF and IS-IS contain some TE features, such as the link bandwidth and color. The maximum reserved bandwidth of the link and the unreserved bandwidth of every link with priority are rather important. Every router collects the information about TE of every links in its area and generates TE DataBase. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the MPLS TE network. It is a way of controlling the network traffic from a computer to optimize or guarantee the performance and minimize the delay. It actively adjusts the output speed of traffic in the scenario that the traffic matches network resources provided by the lower layer devices, avoiding packet loss and congestion.
Time To Live
TMN ToS priority TPS traffic engineering Traffic Engineering DataBase
Traffic shaping
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A Glossary
trail
A type of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signals from the input of the trail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring the integrality of the transferred signals. The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets to be sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the reassembly and verification of the complete messages from packets received by IP. A connection-oriented, reliable protocol (reliable in the sense of ensuring error-free delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport layer in the ISO/OSI reference model. Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended to protect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board. See Two Rate Three Color Marker See Time To Live Tributary Unit A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs. In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The tunnel ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel is an MPLS tunnel.
TransmissionControl Protocol
Tributary Protection Switch trTCM TTL TU Tunnel
Two Rate Three Color The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, Peak Marker Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associated burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds the PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds or doesn't exceed the CIR.
A.6 U-Z
U
UAS UBR UDP underfloor cabling UNI Unicast Unspecified Bit Rate Unavailable Second See Unspecified Bit Rate See User Datagram Protocol The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor. See User Network Interface The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient. No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is ideal for the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded, and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender. The subrack close to the top of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks. Uninterruptible Power Supply Cables or fibres connect the cabinet with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.
Upper subrack UPS upward cabling
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A Glossary
User Datagram Protocol
A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a datagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IP to deliver datagrams. UDP provides application programs with the unreliable connectionless packet delivery service. Thus, UDP messages can be lost, duplicated, delayed, or delivered out of order.UDP is used to try to transmit the data packet, that is, the destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet is received.
User Network Interface A type of ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for the interface between ATM-based products (a router or an ATM switch) located in a private network and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used to describe similar connections in Frame Relay networks.
V
V-NNI V-UNI Variable Bit Rate See virtual network-network interface See Virtual User-Network Interface One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls. See Variable Bit Rate See Virtual Channel Virtual Container -12 Virtual Container -3 Virtual Container -4 Virtual Channel Connection See Virtual Chanel Connection See virtual concatenation group See Virtual Channel Identifier Virtual Channel Connection. The VC logical trail that carries data between two end points in an ATM network. A logical grouping of multiple virtual channel connections into one virtual connection. Any logical connection in the ATM network. A VC is the basic unit of switching in the ATM network uniquely identified by a virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channel identifier (VCI) value. It is the channel on which ATM cells are transmitted by the sw virtual channel identifier. A 16-bit field in the header of an ATM cell. The VCI, together with the VPI, is used to identify the next destination of a cell as it passes through a series of ATM switches on its way to its destination. A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the same virtual concatenation link A point-to-point, layer-2 channel that behaves like a leased line by transparently transporting different protocols with a guaranteed throughput.
VBR VC VC-12 VC-3 VC-4 VCC VCC,VPL VCG VCI Virtual Chanel Connection Virtual Channel
Virtual Channel Identifier virtual concatenation group Virtual Leased Line
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A Glossary
Virtual Local Area Network virtual networknetwork interface
A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on the same physical network segment but which share the same IP network number. This is often associated with switched Ethernet. A virtual network-network interface (V-NNI) is a network-side interface.
Virtual Path Identifier The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs. Virtual Private LAN Service Virtual Private Network Virtual Private Wire Service Virtual Routing and Forwarding A type of point-to-multipoint L2VPN service provided over the public network. VPLS enables geographically isolated user sites to communicate with each other through the MAN/WAN as if they are on the same LAN. The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, and authenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provide remote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet. A technology that bears Layer 2 services. VPWS emulates services such as ATM, FR, Ethernet, low-speed TDM circuit, and SONET/SDH in a PSN. A technology included in IP (Internet Protocol) network routers that allows multiple instances of a routing table to exist in a router and work simultaneously.
Virtual Switch Instance An instance through which the physical access links of VPLS can be mapped to the virtual links. Each VSI provides independent VPLS service. VSI has Ethernet bridge function and can terminate PW. Virtual User-Network Interface VLAN VLL Voice over IP virtual user-network interface. A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point to perform service claissification and traffic control in HQoS. See Virtual Local Area Network See Virtual Leased Line An IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in a digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). See Voice over IP See Virtual Path Identifier See Virtual Private LAN Service See Virtual Private Network See Virtual Private Wire Service See Virtual Routing and Forwarding See Virtual Switch Instance
VoIP VPI VPLS VPN VPWS VRF VSI
W
Wait to Restore Time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic signal from. See Wide Area Network
WAN
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A Glossary
Web LCT
The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located on the NE management layer of the transport network
Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) is a fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth allocation weights. This scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an interface to queues, according to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In this manner, packets of all priority queues can be scheduled. Weighted Random Early Detection WFQ Wide Area Network A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority packet when calculating the packet loss ratio. See Weighted Fair Queuing A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which are physically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as a province, a state or even a country. A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe. Wire speed refers to the maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of wire speed equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media. Wholesale Managed Services See Weighted Random Early Detection Weighted Round Robin See Wait to Restore Time
Winding pipe wire speed WMS WRED WRR WTR
X
XPD XPIC Cross-Polarization Discrimination See cross polarization interference cancellation
Issue 02 (2011-12-20)
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RTN 620 Product Description (V100R005C01 - 02)

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System V100R005C01

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

About This Document

About This Document

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

About This Document

Updates in Issue 02 (2011-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R005C01

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

About This Document

Updates in Issue 01 (2011-09-25) Based on Product Version V100R005C01

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

2 Functions and Features.................................................................................................................9

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

5 Network Management System..................................................................................................42

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

FE STM-1/ E1 STM-1/ E1 Regional Backhaul Network BSC

OptiX RTN 620

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

E1 E1 STM-1/E1 E1 Regional Backhaul Network FE/GE GE

OptiX RTN 620

OptiX RTN 620

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

Figure 1-4 IDU 620

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

Microwave modulation mode Channel spacing

QPSK/16QAM/ 32QAM/64QAM/ 128QAM/256QAM 3.5/7/14/28 MHz

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

Figure 1-5 Direct mounting

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

1.3 Radio Link Form

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

2 Functions and Features

Functions and Features

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

2 Functions and Features

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OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Product Description

2 Functions and Features

2.1 Microwave Type

2.1.1 PDH Radio

The IF0A/IF0B/IF1A/IF1B board supports PDH radio.

2.1.2 SDH Radio

The IF1A/IF1B/IFX board supports SDH radio.