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Circle Geometry !

Cyclic Quadrilaterals

Cyclic Quadrilateral Theorems 1. (a) The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.

Exercises: 1. Find the values of the pronumerals, showing all reasoning. (a) (b)

Exercise: Prove by joining A and C to the centre, then using Angle Theorem 1. (b) Converse: If the opposite angles in a quadrilateral are supplementary, then the quadrilateral is cyclic (or the vertices of the quadrilateral are concyclic). 2. (a) The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the opposite interior angle.

Don't use fact that the angle at the centre is twice angle at circumference. 2.

(i) Find the value of x showing all reasoning. (ii) Hence prove that AB || CD. 3.

Exercise: Prove, using theorem 1. (b) Converse: If the exterior angle of a quadrilateral is equal to the opposite interior angle, then the quadrilateral is cyclic. 3. If an interval AB subtends equal angles at two points, C and D, both on the same side of the interval, then the four points A, B, C and D are concyclic. Exercise: Draw a diagram of this situation, and try to understand the theorem in terms of Angle Theorem 2. No Proof is needed.

In the figure, PQ is a diameter of the larger circle and PQR is a straight line. PR RS. Prove that P, T and S are collinear.

4.

7. 8.

Prove that any isosceles trapezium is cyclic. ABCD is a quadrilateral with AD = CD = 5 cm, BC = 3 cm, AB = 8 cm, and 60E Prove that ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

pBAC =

9.

ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. The bisectors of the angles at A and C meet the circle again at E and F. Prove that EF is a diameter of the circle.

10. ABC is an acute angled triangle. The semicircle on BC as diameter meets AB at M and AC at N. MC and NB meet at X. Prove that AMXN is a cyclic quadrilateral. Two circles intersect at two points A and B as shown in the diagram. The diameter of one circle is CA and this line intersects the other circle at A and P. The line CB intersects the second circle at B and Q. Prove that 5. 11.

pCPQ

is a right angle.

In the diagram, (i) Prove that

pRPS = pQTR. pUQR = pUSR.

(ii) Prove that, if a circle can be drawn through Q, R, S and U, then RU is a diameter of this circle.

AE || BC. Prove that 6.

PAE ||| PDA.

12.

Two circles intersect at A and B. PAR and LBN are two straight lines. Prove that PL is parallel to RN.

BE and CF are altitudes of ABC, X is the midpoint of BC. Prove that (i) BFEC is a cyclic quadrilateral (ii) XE = XF (iii) pFXE = 180E ! 2 pBAC.

17. 13.

ABCD is a parallelogram. A circle through A and D cuts AB and CD at Q and P respectively. Prove that BCPQ is a cyclic quadrilateral. P and Q are centres of the circles. PAX and QAY are straight lines. Prove that P, Q, X and Y are concyclic. 14. 18.

AB || CD. Prove that 15.

pBCD = pADC.

AXB, AYC, APQ and BQC are straight lines. Prove that AXPY is a cyclic quadrilateral. 19.

AB = AP. DP = DC. (i) Prove that A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ii) The perpendiculars from A to PB and D to PC meet at E. Prove that E lies on the circle through A, B, C and D. 16. AB is the diameter of a semi-circle. such that D is closer to A than C. foot of the perpendicular from P to (i) Prove that AQPD and BQPC (ii) Prove that PQ bisects C and D are two point on the circumference, P is the intersection of AC and BD. Q is the AB. are cyclic quadrilaterals.

A is the centre of the circle BCP. A lies on another circle BAC. These circles intersect in B and C. PBR is a straight line. Prove that RP = RC.

pDQC.

20. The points A, B and C lie on the circumference of a circle, centre O. X lies on AC. AC bisects (i) Show that

23.

pOCB, and XB pAXB = 2 pACB.

bisects

pOBC.
(ii) Show that AOXB is a cyclic quadrilateral.

AOB and COD are two perpendicular diameters of a circle. Chords CP and CQ cut AB at H and K respectively. Prove that HKQP is a cyclic quadrilateral. (Hint: Join DQ ) 21. 24. A, B and C are three points on the circumference of a circle, centre O. The line through M, the midpoint of AB, parallel to BC, cuts AC at X.

Let BC (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 22.

ABPQC be a circle such that AB = AC, AP meets BC at X, and AQ meets at Y, as in the diagram. Let pBAP = and pABC = . Copy the diagram and state why pAXC = + . Prove that pBQP = . Prove that pBQA = . Prove that PQYX is a cyclic quadrilateral.

(i) Prove that triangles OMA and OMB are congruent. (ii) Show that O, A, M, and X are concyclic. (iii) Find, giving reasons, the size of

pOXA.

Answers: 1. (a) x = 110 2. (i) x = 95 24.

(b) x = 30E

ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. AP, BQ, CR and DS are the bisectors of the angles A, B, C and D respectively. Prove that PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.

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