GRAPHENE

The Wonder Material

Anish Gupta Pukhraj Parikh

08057662348 07895661803

anish123456gupta@gmail.com pukhraj10@gmail.com

Graphene
Introduction
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, whose structure is one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. The term graphene was coined as a combination of graphite and the suffix -ene by Hanns-Peter Boehm, who described single-layer carbon foils in 1962. Graphene is the basic structural element of some carbon allotropes including graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the twodimensional material graphene".

Properties
Graphenes 2D nature and honeycomb atomic structure cause electrons moving in the material to behave as if they have no mass Electrons in graphene move at an effective speed of light 300 times less than the speed of light in a vacuum, allowing relativistic effects to be observed without using particle accelerators A key experimental signature of graphene is the way it modifies the quantum Hall effect seen in metals and semiconductors The electrons in graphene can travel large distances without being scattered, making it a promising material for very fast electronic components graphene appears to be one of the strongest materials ever tested It has been shown that graphene exhibits electrochromic behavior, allowing tuning of both linear and ultrafast optical properties

Applications
Transistors made using these graphenes can work faster than those made of silicon, in electronics. Computer chips should be very much thin

in order to work faster and also to use less electricity. As a result, the distance to be travelled by the electrons will be reduced. This can in turn improve the speed of the computer. Since graphene transistors will be small in size, it can be of much use for this purpose. It is possible to produce computer monitors which are having thickness as like a paper and are transparent. Graphene is being used to conduct researches for knowing more about two dimensional materials having special features. Graphene provides scope for researches that can chance the path of quantum physics. When mixed with graphene, plastic also turns as conductor for electricity. At the same time, it would also tolerate heat. Based on this fact, harder mixed materials can be produced in future. Along with having thin shape, they also have quality of expanding. These mixed materials may be used extensively in the making of satellites, air planes, solar panels, cars and others. Graphene will be 98% transparent and at the same time will absorb electricity well. Based on this feature, transparent touch screens, light panels and mobile phones can be made. Because of special structure of graphene, sensitive sensors can be manufactured. They can detect pollution even at the smallest range.