Friction and its Effects

1. Definition of friction 2. Types of friction

Static friction Limiting friction Rolling friction

3. Effect of friction Advantages of friction

1. Definition of friction
When the attempt is made to slide one part on the another part under the effect of external force, then In between this two parts an opposite force to the external force is produced. This opposite force is resisting force to the sliding motion of the parts. This resistance is known as friction. This frictional force reduces the motion of the part if the part is in motion. Therefore the force which is reduces

the motion of the moving part is called friction.

2. Types of friction
There are three types of friction. They are: 1) Static friction 2) Limiting friction 3) Rolling friction

The force of resistance produced between the mating surfaces of the two stationery parts in contact when external force is applied to move one part on the another is called as static friction. The part is remaining stationery in case even though the force is applied to move it.

If P = Externally applied force and F = Frictional force than in case of static friction.

P<F

The part remains stationery as the applied force is less than the frictional force. If a substance is placed on a table than to move that substance on table external force required is more than the frictional force.

When the substance is just on the point of moving under the effect of externally applied force at that time the intensity of both external force & frictional force are equal. This intensity of friction force is said as limiting friction.

In this case;

P=F

Door Limiting & Friction Stays

During the rotation of a wheel on a plain surface, one projection of wheel rim remains in contact with the plain surface. When one projection loses its contact with plain surface another projection of wheel rim comes in contact of plain surface. Therefore the friction prevails in between the wheel rim & plain surface is considerably less than the static friction. Therefore the force of friction which prevails while round shape substance moves on plain or curved surface is called rolling friction. In this case the externally applied force P is greater than frictional force F.

In this case;

P>F

The example of rolling friction is the friction prevails in between the shaft surface & bearing when the shaft rotates in a bearing. The rolling frictions are of three types as follows: 1. Sliding friction 2. Rolling friction 3. Pivot friction. When one part is sliding on the another part e.g. lathe saddle slides on a lathe bed, the resistance developed is called sliding friction.

 When one part rolls over another part, the prevailing friction is called rolling friction. Ball bearing & roller bearing produces rolling friction.

 When a rotating is supported in bearings provided in supporting body then the friction developed is called pivot friction.

1. Heat is produced by the friction which heat up the parts.

2. Heat produced by the friction increases the wear of the parts.

3. The power loss occurs as a result of friction.

4. The increase clearance due to friction leads to leakages.

5. The friction reduces the efficiency of the m/c.

6. Friction produces noise during operation.

7. The life of the m/c is also reduced due to effect of friction.

1. We can walk due to friction between our legs & floor.

2. Reduction in power loss during transmission of power is reduced. 3. Less effort is required on handle for lifting the load.

4. Brakes can be applied to vehicles due to friction. 5. Vehicle can play or run on the road due to friction.

6. Due to friction between belt & pulley, motion & power of 1 shaft can transmitted to another shaft.

7. The friction between the cultch lining & flywheel, clutch lining & pressure plate transmits the power of automobile engine to the road wheels.