Oracle 11g Rac On Linux Using Oracle ASM

DBA Tips Archive for Oracle
Install Oracle Database 11g R2 on Linux using Oracle ASM - (OL5)

by Jeff Hunter, Sr. Database Administrator
Contents
Introduction Example Configuration Install the Linux Operating System Install Required Linux Packages for Oracle Create oracle User and Directories Configure the Linux Operating System for Oracle Network Configuration Configure Disks for Oracle ASM Download Oracle Software Pre-Installation Tasks Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Post-installation Tasks for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Create Separate ASM Disk Group for the Fast Recovery Area Install Oracle Database Install Oracle Database Examples Create the Oracle Database Post Database Creation Tasks - (Optional) Configure Automatic Database Starting and Stopping Managing Oracle Restart Components Miscellaneous Options Troubleshooting About the Author
Introduction
This article is a comprehensive guide for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) on the Oracle Linux 5 (OL5) operating environment using Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) and Oracle Restart. Oracle ASM provides a virtualization layer between the database and storage so that multiple disks can be treated as a single disk group and disks can be dynamically added or removed while keeping databases online. The example database created in this guide will use Oracle ASM for all physical database file storage (data files, control files, online redo log files, Fast Recovery Area).
Oracle ASM Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) is a volume manager and a file system for Oracle database files that supports single-instance Oracle Database and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) configurations. Oracle ASM simplifies database administration by eliminating the need for the DBA to directly manage potentially thousands of Oracle database files requiring only the management of groups of disks allocated to the Oracle Database. Oracle ASM also supports a general purpose file system for application needs including Oracle Database binaries; however, storing the Oracle software in Oracle ASM will not be covered in this guide. Oracle ASM is Oracle's recommended storage management solution that provides an alternative to conventional volume managers, file systems, and raw devices. Oracle ASM is built into the Oracle kernel. All of the files and directories to be used for Oracle will be contained in an Oracle ASM disk group. Oracle ASM automatically performs load balancing in parallel across all available disk drives to prevent hot spots and maximize performance, even with rapidly changing data usage patterns. In previous releases, Oracle ASM was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. With Oracle Database 11g Release 2, Oracle ASM is part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, either for a cluster, or for a standalone server. This guide demonstrates how to create a single instance (non-RAC) database using Oracle ASM and therefore will require Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server to be installed before the Oracle Database software. Using the latest Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server would be installed as the Oracle software owner (oracle) and the Oracle home directory would be /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid. Best practice is to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server before installing the database. The registration of the database with Oracle Restart is automatic when it is created after Grid Infrastructure is installed. In the case where the database is configured first and Grid later, the components would need to be manually added to the Oracle Restart configuration.
You must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure media. There is no separate download media for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server.
In this guide, Oracle ASM will be used as the file system and volume manager for Oracle Database files (data, online redo logs, control files, archived redo logs) and the Fast Recovery Area using two separate disk groups; namely+TESTDB1_DATA and +FRA respectively. An optional support library for the Oracle ASM feature named ASMLib will be configured to create two Oracle ASM volumes. Although optional, ASMLib is highly recommended as it allows a database using Oracle ASM more efficient and capable access to the disk groups it is using. ASMLib was provided to enable Oracle ASM I/O to Linux disks without the limitations of the standard UNIX I/O API Oracle Restart Oracle Restart is another component of Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server that will be used in this guide. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2, the dbstart and dbshut scripts that were used to automate database startup and shutdown in previous Oracle versions are deprecated. Oracle now recommends to configure Oracle Database with the Oracle Restart feature to automatically restart the
database, the listener, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), and other Oracle components after a hardware or software failure or when the database host computer restarts.
In Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), the Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server is required in order to use Oracle ASM and Oracle Restart. If you want to use Oracle ASM or Oracle Restart, then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. Otherwise, you must manually register the database with Oracle Restart.
Oracle Restart can only manage 11.2 resources. Oracle Database releases prior to 11.2, however, can coexist on the same server but without being managed by Oracle Restart. Oracle Restart improves the availability of an Oracle database by providing the following: When there is a hardware or a software failure, Oracle Restart automatically starts all Oracle components, including the Oracle database instance, Oracle Net Listener, database services, and Oracle ASM. Oracle Restart starts components in the proper order when the database host is restarted. Oracle Restart runs periodic checks to monitor the status of Oracle components. If a check operation fails for a component, then the component is shut down and restarted.
When using Oracle Restart, you can use Service Control Utility (SRVCTL), a command-line interface, to manage Oracle processes (database instance, listener, ASM instance). With SRVCTL, you can manage the Oracle Restart configuration, see the status of processes managed by Oracle Restart, and start or stop processes such as the Oracle Database. SRVCTL has been enhanced to support single instance databases with Oracle Restart on standalone servers and on clusters with Oracle Clusterware. Oracle Restart is used in single-instance (non-clustered) environments only. Separate Oracle Homes It is a requirement that Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server and the Oracle Database software be installed in a separate Oracle home. A separate Oracle home environment for Grid Infrastructure and the Oracle Database software will be created as described in the Oracle Configuration section to this guide. Supported Platforms Both 32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x86_64) architectures are covered in this guide. Unless otherwise noted, the installation steps are the same for either. Having said that, one of the first decisions to make before continuing with this guide is which architecture you will be using. Both Oracle and Linux must be installed on the same operating system architecture. For example, 32-bit Oracle is only supported to run on 32-bit Linux OS and 64-bit Oracle is only supported to run on 64-bit Linux OS.
Oracle 64-bit (x86-64) for Linux is supported on AMD64/EM64T and Intel Processor Chips that adhere to the x86-64 architecture with supported Linux releases. Running Oracle 32-bit on AMD64/EM64T (64-bit OS) is not supported. Oracle 32-bit (x86) running on AMD64/EM64T with a 32-bit OS is, however, supported.
Be sure to use only certified/supported combinations of Oracle Database version and OS version for any type of mission critical system, which you can find under the Certifications tab of My Oracle Support (MOS). The Certify information on MOS is the only official source for Oracle certification.
Oracle Documentation While this guide provides detailed instructions for successfully installing a complete Oracle Database 11g Release 2 system using Oracle ASM, it is by no means a substitute for the official Oracle documentation (see list below). In addition to this guide, users should also consult the following Oracle documents to gain a full understanding of alternative configuration options, installation, and administration with Oracle Database, Oracle Grid Infrastructure, Oracle ASM, and Oracle Restart. Oracle's official documentation site is docs.oracle.com. Release Notes New Features Guide Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide Oracle Restart / Grid Infrastructure Database Installation Guide Database Quick Installation Guide Database Quick Installation Guide Database Administrator's Guide Database Concepts Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide Database Examples Installation Guide Goals for this Article By the time you finish this article, the following will be installed and configured. Two unformatted hard disks that will be marked as Oracle ASM disks using ASMLib. These two disks will be used to create two separate Oracle ASM disk groups for the database files and the recovery files (Fast Recovery Area). Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2) for a Standalone Server on a local file system (namely /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid) separate from the Oracle Database software. As part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, the Create ASM Disk Group wizard will be used to create an Oracle ASM instance named +ASM and an Oracle ASM disk group named +TESTDB1_DATA for the Oracle database files. A default Oracle Net Listener created by the Grid Infrastructure installation and running out of the Oracle home directory for Grid Infrastructure. This listener will be used by the Oracle ASM instance and the example database created in this guide. A separate Oracle ASM disk group for the Fast Recovery Area named +FRA and created using the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA). Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) software installed on a local file system (namely /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1). Oracle Database 11g Examples (formerly Companion). An Oracle Restart enabled general-purpose database that makes use of Oracle ASM for physical database file storage (database files and the Fast Recovery Area). Optional instructions are included to put the new database into Archive Log Mode. 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux 11g Release 2 (11.2) 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Windows and UNIX 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux x86 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux x86-64 11g Release 2 (11.2) 11g Release 2 (11.2) 11g Release 2 (11.2) 11g Release 2 (11.2)
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control running and can be accessed using a Web browser.
The following is a list of items NOT covered in this article: Installing the Oracle Database software on a system that has an existing Oracle software installation. The installation in this article describes installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2) for a Standalone Server and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) software on a system with no previous Oracle installation. Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster and Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). For a complete discussion on installing Oracle RAC 11g Release 2 (11.2) and creating a clustered database, see my articleBuilding an Inexpensive Oracle RAC 11g R2 on Linux - (RHEL 5.5). Enabling Enterprise Manager e-mail notifications or automated backups.
Example Configuration
This section describes the hardware and Oracle configuration parameters that will be used in this guide. Hardware The machine used for this guide will consist of an AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 3800+ running Oracle Linux 5 (x86_64). The server has 4GB of memory and contains four (4) internal hard disks. Two of the hard disks will be configured using Logical Volume Manager (LVM) while the two remaining disks will remain unformatted. One logical volume will be created for the Linux O/S while a second logical volume will be created for the Oracle software (Oracle home directory for Grid Infrastructure and the Oracle Database software). The two unformatted hard disks will be marked as Oracle ASM disks and used for database files and the Fast Recovery Area.
Oracle Server Configuration
IP Address 192.168.1.106 Processor 1 x AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 3800+ Operation Environment Oracle Linux 5.6 - (64-bit)
achine Name
development.info
Physical Disks
Drive Partition /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 Size - (MB) 101 36,758 36,860 36,860 36,860 ext3 LVM Physical Volume LVM Physical Volume Unformatted Unformatted Type Usage Boot Volume LVM LVM Oracle ASM Disk Oracle ASM Disk /boot VolGroup00 vg_orasoftware
Mount Poin
sda
sdb
sdc
sdd
Logical Volumes
Volume Group Logical Volume Size - (MB) Type Usage
Mount
Logical Volumes
Volume Group Logical Volume LogVol00 LogVol01 lv_orasoftware Size - (MB) 31,712 5,024 36,832 Type ext3 swap ext3 Linux OS Swap Oracle Database Software /u01 Usage /
Mount
oup00
asoftware
Oracle ASM Volumes

Device /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 Size - (MB) 32,768 32,768 Type ASMLib ASMLib Usage Database Files Fast Recovery Area ASM Disk Group +TESTDB1_DATA +FRA
isk Name
ASM Redun External External
VOL1
OL1
Oracle Configuration The following is an introduction to some of the configuration parameters that will be used for installing the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database Software and creating a fully functional Oracle 11g database configured to use Oracle ASM.
Oracle / Grid Software Owner
Primary Group oinstall (501) Supplementary Groups dba (502), oper (503), asmadmin (504), asmdba (505), asmoper (506)
ser
Home Di
1)
/home/ora
Oracle Software Components

Software Component Version Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64
tructure for a Standalone Server
abase
Oracle Database Names

Software Component +ASM testdb1 Oracle SID N/A testdb1.idevelopment.info Global Database Name
tructure for a Standalone Server
abase
Oracle Software Paths

Description /u01/app/oracle Directory
e directory
Oracle Software Paths

Description Directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
me directory for Oracle Grid Infrastructure
me directory for Oracle Database
This guide adheres to the latest Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) standard for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux.
Install the Linux Operating System

This section provides a summary of the steps used to install the Linux operating system. This guide is designed to work with Oracle Linux 5, CentOS 5, or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and follows Oracle's suggestion of performing a "default RPMs" installation type to ensure all expected Linux O/S packages are present for a successful Oracle Database installation. Download Oracle Linux Download Oracle Linux 5 from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud (eDelivery) website.
64-bit (x86_64) Installations
Download the compressed binary DVD image V24479-01.zip for Oracle Linux Release 5 Update 6 (x86_64). Once downloaded, extract the binary DVD image from the archive which for this example is named Enterprise-R5-U6-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso. Oracle Linux Release 5 Update 6 for x86_64 (64 Bit) (3.5 GB)
32-bit (x86) Installations
Download the compressed binary DVD image V24478-01.zip for Oracle Linux Release 5 Update 6 (x86). Once downloaded, extract the binary DVD image from the archive which for this example is named Enterprise-R5-U6-Server-i386-dvd.iso. Oracle Linux Release 5 Update 6 for x86 (32 Bit) (2.9 GB)
Burn Binary Image to DVD If you are downloading the above ISO files to a MS Windows machine, there are many options for burning these images (ISO files) to a DVD. You may already be familiar with and have the proper software to burn images to DVD. If you are not familiar with this process and do not have the required software to burn images to DVD, here are just three of the many software packages that can be used. InfraRecorder UltraISO Magic ISO Maker
Install Oracle Linux
After downloading and burning the Oracle Linux image (ISO file) to a DVD, insert Disk #1 into the server, power it on, and answer the installation screen prompts as noted below.
Oracle Linux Installation
Screen Name Response The first screen is the Oracle Linux boot screen. At the boot: prompt, hit [Enter] to start the installation process. When asked to test the CD media, tab over to [Skip] and hit [Enter]. If there were any errors, the media burning software would have warned us. After several seconds, the installer should then detect the video card, monitor, and mouse. The installer then goes into GUI mode. At the welcome screen, click [Next] to continue. Select the appropriate language for your configuration and click [Next] to continue. Select the appropriate keyboard for your configuration and click [Next] to continue. Screen Shot
Boot Screen
Media Test
Welcome to Oracle Linux Language Selection
Keyboard Selection
Storage Device Warning
The installer will display a warning dialog for every installed disk device it detects indicating that the storage device may contain important data and that the device must be initialized in order to create new partitions. Click [Yes] to acknowledge this warning for each disk device the installer detects.
Select System Drive(s)
Select "Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout". If the machine is configured with multiple storage devices, select which device (or devices) to include as the system drive(s). Any selected devices will be used as system drives and will be formatted by the installer and included as the target for the OS install. In this guide, only one of the devices will be used for the system drive (sda). Finally, check the option to "Review and modify partitioning layout" and click [Next] to continue. You will then be prompted with a dialog window asking if you really want to remove all partitions (ALL_DATA) on the selected drives. Click [Yes] to acknowledge this warning. The installer will present a default partitioning scheme for the current disk sizes. Modify any volumes as required. The settings you make here will, of course, depend on your storage configuration. Given the example presented in this guide, I only configured two of the four hard disks using the Disk Partitioning Layout wizard. 1. The /boot file system and an LVM Volume Group
Disk Partitioning Layout

Screen Name Response named VolGroup00 will be created on the first hard disk (/dev/sda) and will be used for the Linux operating environment and swap. A new LVM Volume Group (vg_orasoftware) and Logical Volume (lv_orasoftware) will be created on/dev/sdb. This logical volume will be formatted as ext3 and used for the /u01 mount point to store the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database software. The remaining two hard disks (/dev/sdc and /dev/sdd) will be not be configured using the Disk Partitioning Layout wizard and should remain unformatted. These two hard disks will be configuredlater in this guide and marked as Oracle ASM disks for use with Oracle ASM. Screen Shot
2.
3.
Click here for a preview of the disk configuration used for this guide. Ensure enough swap space is allocated as required by Oracle (which is a multiple of the available RAM). The following is Oracle's minimum requirement for swap space: Available RAM Between 1 GB and 2 GB Between 2 GB and 16 GB More than 16 GB Swap Space Required 1.5 times the size of RAM Equal to the size of RAM 16 GB
Once you are satisfied with the disk layout, click [Next] to continue. Boot Loader Configuration The installer will use the GRUB boot loader by default. To use the "GRUB boot loader", accept all default values and click [Next] to continue. The installer should have successfully detected any installed network devices. It is not recommended to configure the public interface on an Oracle Database server (eth0 in this example) to use DHCP so this guide will use the traditional method of manually assigning a static IP address. The settings you make here will, of course, depend on your network configuration. First, make sure that the public network device is checked to "Active on boot". Second, [Edit] the public network interface (eth0) accordingly. eth0 Enable IPv4 support Dynamic IP configuration (DHCP) - (select Manual configuration) IPv4 Address ON OFF 192.168.1. 106
Network Configuration

Screen Name Response Screen Shot 255.255.25 5.0 OFF
Prefix (Netmask) Enable IPv6 support
Continue by manually setting the hostname and supplying your gateway and DNS servers. Click [Next] to continue Time Zone Set Root Password Select the appropriate time zone for your environment and click [Next] to continue. Select a root password and click [Next] to continue. By default, Oracle Linux installs most of the software required for a typical server. There are several other packages (RPMs), however, that are required to successfully install the Oracle software. The installer includes a "Customize software" selection that allows the addition of RPM groupings such as "Development Libraries" or "Legacy Library Support". The addition of such RPM groupings is not an issue. De-selecting any "default RPM" groupings or individual RPMs, however, can result in failed Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database installation attempts. For the purpose of this guide, select the radio button "Customize now" and click [Next] to continue. This is where you pick the packages to install. Most of the packages required for the Oracle software are grouped into "Package Groups" (i.e. Application -> Editors). Since this machine will be hosting the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database software, verify that at least the following package groups are selected for the install. For many of the Linux package groups, not all of the packages associated with that group get selected for installation. (Note the "Optional packages" button after selecting a package group.) So although the package group gets selected for install, some of the packages required by Oracle do not get installed. In fact, there are some packages that are required by Oracle that do not belong to any of the available package groups (i.e. libaio-devel). Not to worry. A complete list of required packages for Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 for Linux will be provided in the next section. These packages will need to be manually installed from the Oracle Linux DVDs after the operating system install. For now, install the following package groups.
Installation Type
Package Group Selection
Desktop Environments GNOME Desktop Environment
Applications

Screen Name Response Editors Graphical Internet Text-based Internet Screen Shot
Development Development Libraries Development Tools Legacy Software Development
Servers Server Configuration Tools
Base System Administration Tools Base Java Legacy Software Support System Tools X Window System
In addition to the above packages, select any additional packages you wish to install for this node keeping in mind to NOT de-select any of the "default" RPM packages. After selecting the packages to install click [Next] to continue. This screen is basically a confirmation screen. Click [Next] to start the installation. If you are installing Oracle Linux using CDs, you will be asked to switch CDs during the installation process depending on which packages you selected. The Oracle Linux install process will start. Wait for the installation to complete. After all of the packages and bootloader have been installed, the installer will eject the DVD from the drive. Take out the DVD and click [Reboot] to reboot the system and complete the installation. When the system boots into Oracle Linux for the first time, it will prompt you with another welcome screen for the "Post Installation Wizard". The post installation wizard allows you to make final OS configuration settings. On the "Welcome screen", click [Forward] to continue.
About to Install
Installation Process
Reboot System
Post Installation Wizard Welcome Screen

Screen Name License Agreement Response Accept the license agreement and click [Forward] to continue. On the Firewall screen, make sure to select the "Disabled" option and click [Forward] to continue. You will be prompted with a warning dialog about not setting the firewall. When this occurs, click [Yes] to continue. On the SELinux screen, choose the "Disabled" option and click [Forward] to continue. You will be prompted with a warning dialog warning that changing the SELinux setting will require rebooting the system so the entire file system can be relabeled. When this occurs, click [Yes] to acknowledge a reboot of the system will occur after firstboot (Post Installation Wizard) is completed. Accept the default setting on the Kdump screen and click [Forward] to continue. Adjust the date and time settings if necessary and click [Forward] to continue. Create any additional (non-oracle) operating system user accounts if desired and click [Forward] to continue. If you chose not to define any additional operating system user accounts, click [Yes] to acknowledge the warning dialog. On the sound card screen, click [Forward] to continue. On the "Additional CDs" screen click [Finish] to continue. Enabling Kdump requires the machine to be rebooted in order to reallocate memory accordingly. Click [Yes] on the warning dialog to reboot the system. After the machine boots, you are presented with the Oracle Linux login screen. After successfully logging in to the system, you are ready to start using the desktop. Screen Shot
Firewall
SELinux
Kdump
Date and Time
Create User
Sound Card Additional CDs
Reboot System
Login Screen
User Desktop
Install Required Linux Packages for Oracle

After installing the Linux OS, the next step is to verify and install all packages required for Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database. The Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) performs checks on the machine during installation to verify that it meets the appropriate operating system package requirements. To ensure that these checks complete successfully, verify the software requirements documented in this section before starting the Oracle install.
Although many of the required packages for Oracle were installed during the Linux installation, several will be missing either because they were considered optional within the package group or simply didn't exist in any package group. The packages listed in this section (or later versions) are required for Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 running on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, Oracle Linux 5, or CentOS 5 platform. While it is possible to query each individual package to determine which ones are missing and need to be installed, an easier method is to run the rpm -Uvh PackageName command from the DVD. For packages that already exist and are up to date, the RPM command will simply ignore the install and print a warning message to the console that the package is already installed. 64-bit (x86_64) Installations binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit) elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.5-24 glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit) glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit) glibc-headers-2.5 ksh-20060214 libaio-0.3.106 libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit) libaio-devel-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit) libgcc-4.1.2 libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-devel 4.1.2 libstdc++-devel 4.1.2 (32 bit) make-3.81 pdksh-5.2.14 sysstat-7.0.2 unixODBC-2.2.11 unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (32 bit) Each of the packages listed above can be found on the Oracle Linux 5 for x86_64 DVDs.
Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), all the 32-bit packages, except forgcc-32bit-4.3 (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11), listed in this section are no longer required for installing a database on Linux x86-64. Only the 64-bit packages are
required. For any Oracle Database 11g release before 11.2.0.2, however, both the 32-bit and 64bit packages listed in this section are required. The installation described in this guide will install the 32-bit packages. Although many of these packages are unnecessary for 11.2.0.2 onwards on Linux x86-64, having them present will not cause a problem. # From Oracle Linux 5.6 (x86_64) - [DVD #1] mkdir -p /media/dvd mount -r /dev/dvd /media/dvd cd /media/dvd/Server rpm -Uvh binutils-2*x86_64* rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*x86_64* rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*i386* rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*x86_64* rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel0*x86_64* rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-static0*x86_64* rpm -Uvh gcc-4*x86_64* rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4*x86_64* rpm -Uvh glibc-2*x86_64* rpm -Uvh glibc-2*i686* rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2*x86_64* rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*x86_64* rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*i386* rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2*x86_64* rpm -Uvh ksh-*x86_64* rpm -Uvh libaio-0*x86_64* rpm -Uvh libaio-0*i386* rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*x86_64* rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*i386* rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*x86_64* rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*i386* rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*x86_64* rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*i386* rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*x86_64* rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*i386* rpm -Uvh make-3*x86_64* rpm -Uvh pdksh-5*x86_64* rpm -Uvh sysstat-7*x86_64* rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2*x86_64* rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2*i386* rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2*x86_64* rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2*i386* cd / eject 32-bit (x86) Installations binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.5-24 glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.52 glibc-headers-2.5 kernel-headers-2.6.18 ksh-20060214 libaio-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 libgcc-4.1.2 libgomp-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.81 pdksh-5.2.14 sysstat-7.0.2 unixODBC-2.2.11 unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 Each of the packages listed above can be found on the Oracle Linux 5 for x86 DVDs.
# From Oracle Linux 5.6 (x86) - [DVD #1] mkdir -p /media/dvd mount -r /dev/dvd /media/dvd cd /media/dvd/Server rpm -Uvh binutils-2*i386* rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*i386* rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*i386* rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0*i386* rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0*i386* rpm -Uvh gcc-4*i386* rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4*i386* rpm -Uvh glibc-2*i686* rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2*i386* rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*i386* rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2*i386* rpm -Uvh kernel-headers-2*i386* rpm -Uvh ksh-*i386* rpm -Uvh libaio-0*i386* rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*i386* rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*i386* rpm -Uvh libgomp-4*i386* rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*i386* rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*i386* rpm -Uvh make-3*i386* rpm -Uvh pdksh-5*i386* rpm -Uvh sysstat-7*i386* rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2*i386* rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2*i386* cd /
eject
Create oracle User and Directories

This section provides instructions on how to create the operating system user and groups that will be used to install and manage the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database software. In addition to the Oracle software owner, another OS user (jhunter) will be configured with the appropriate DBA related OS groups to manage the Oracle database and Oracle ASM instance for Grid Infrastructure. The following OS groups will be created.
OS Group ID Oracle Group Name
Description
OS Group Name
OS Users Assigned to this Group
Oracle Privilege
Oracle Inventory and Software Owner Database Administrator Database Operator Oracle Automatic Storage Management Group ASM Database Administrator Group ASM Operator Group
oinstal l dba oper asmadmi n asmdba asmoper
501 502 503 504 505 506
oracle oracle, jhunter oracle, jhunter oracle oracle, jhunter oracle, jhunter SYSDBA SYSOPER SYSASM
SYSDBA for ASM SYSOPER for ASM
OSDBA OSOPER OSASM

OSDBA for ASM OSOPER for ASM
OS Group Descriptions Oracle Inventory Group (typically oinstall) This group must be created the first time you install Oracle software on the system. Members of the OINSTALL group are considered the "owners" of the Oracle software and are granted privileges to write to the Oracle central inventory (oraInventory). When you install Oracle software on a Linux system for the first time, OUI creates the /etc/oraInst.loc file. This file identifies the name of the Oracle Inventory group (by default,oinstall), and the path of the Oracle Central Inventory directory. Ensure that this group is available as a primary group for all planned Oracle software installation owners. For the purpose of this guide, the oracle installation owner will be configured with oinstall as its primary group. Database Administrator (OSDBA, typically dba) Members of the OSDBA group can use SQL to connect to an Oracle instance as SYSDBA using operating system authentication. Members of this group can perform critical database administration tasks, such as creating the database and instance startup and shutdown. The
default name for this group is dba. The SYSDBA system privilege allows access to a database instance even when the database is not open. Control of this privilege is totally outside of the database itself. The oracle installation owner should be a member of the OSDBA group (configured as a secondary group) along with any other DBA user accounts (i.e. jhunter) needing access to an Oracle instance as SYSDBA using operating system authentication. The SYSDBA system privilege should not be confused with the database role DBA. The DBA role does not include the SYSDBA or SYSOPER system privileges. Database Operator (OSOPER, typically oper) Members of the OSOPER group can use SQL to connect to an Oracle instance as SYSOPER using operating system authentication. Members of this optional group have a limited set of database administrative privileges such as managing and running backups. The default name for this group is oper. The SYSOPER system privilege allows access to a database instance even when the database is not open. Control of this privilege is totally outside of the database itself. To use this group, choose the Advanced installation type to install the Oracle database software. The Oracle Automatic Storage Management Group (typically asmadmin) Create this group as a separate group if you want to have separate administration privilege groups for Oracle ASM and Oracle Database administrators. In Oracle documentation, the operating system group whose members are granted privileges is called the OSASM group, and in code examples, where there is a group specifically created to grant this privilege, it is referred to as asmadmin. Members of the OSASM group can use SQL to connect to an Oracle ASM instance as SYSASM using operating system authentication. The SYSASM privilege that was introduced in Oracle ASM 11g Release 1 (11.1) is now fully separated from the SYSDBA privilege in Oracle ASM 11g Release 2 (11.2). SYSASM privileges no longer provide access privileges on an RDBMS instance. Providing system privileges for the storage tier using the SYSASM privilege instead of the SYSDBA privilege provides a clearer division of responsibility between ASM administration and database administration, and helps to prevent different databases using the same storage from accidentally overwriting each others files. The SYSASM privileges permit mounting and dismounting disk groups, and other storage administration tasks. The ASM Database Administrator group (OSDBA for ASM, typically asmdba) Members of the ASM Database Administrator group (OSDBA for ASM) is a subset of the SYSASM privileges and are granted read and write access to files managed by Oracle ASM. When using ASM, all Oracle Database software owners (i.e. oracle) must be a member of this group, and all users with OSDBA membership on databases that have access to the files managed by Oracle ASM must be members of the OSDBA group for ASM. Members of the ASM Operator Group (OSOPER for ASM, typically asmoper) This is an optional group. Create this group if you want a separate group of operating system users to have a limited set of Oracle ASM instance administrative privileges (the SYSOPER for
ASM privilege), including starting up and stopping the Oracle ASM instance. By default, members of the OSASM group also have all privileges granted by the SYSOPER for ASM privilege. To use the ASM Operator group to create an ASM administrator group with fewer privileges than the default asmadmin group, you must choose the Advanced installation type to install the Oracle Database software. In this case, OUI prompts you to specify the name of this group. In this guide, this group is asmoper. If you want to have an OSOPER for ASM group, then the Oracle software owner (oracle) must be a member of this group. Create Groups and User for Oracle Database Software Create the recommended OS groups and user for the Oracle Database software owner.
[root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1
~]# ~]# ~]# ~]# ~]# ~]# ~]#
groupadd -g 501 oinstall groupadd -g 502 dba groupadd -g 503 oper groupadd -g 504 asmadmin groupadd -g 505 asmdba groupadd -g 506 asmoper useradd -m -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /
[root@testnode1 ~]# id oracle uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),504(asmadmin),50 Create a new password for the oracle account.
[root@testnode1 ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: xxxxxxxxxxx Retype new password: xxxxxxxxxxx passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. Optionally, configure any other OS users with the appropriate DBA related OS groups to manage the Oracle database and Oracle ASM instance for Grid Infrastructure. Remember to use the append option (a) to the usermodcommand so that the user will not be removed from groups not listed.
[root@testnode1 ~]# usermod -a -G dba,oper,asmdba,asmoper jhunter [root@testnode1 ~]# id jhunter uid=500(jhunter) gid=500(jhunter) groups=500(jhunter),502(dba),503(oper),505(asmdba),506(a Create Login Script for the oracle User Account Log in to machine as the oracle user account and create the following login script (.bash_profile). Values marked in red should be customized for your environment.
[root@testnode1 ~]# su - oracle # # # # # # # # # --------------------------------------------------.bash_profile --------------------------------------------------OS User: oracle Application: Oracle Database Software Owner Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Version: Oracle 11g Release 2 ---------------------------------------------------
# Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi alias ls="ls -FA" # --------------------------------------------------# ORACLE_SID # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the Oracle system identifier (SID) for # the Oracle instance running on this node. When # using RAC, each node must have a unique ORACLE_SID. # (i.e. racdb1, racdb2,...) # --------------------------------------------------ORACLE_SID=testdb1; export ORACLE_SID # --------------------------------------------------# ORACLE_UNQNAME and ORACLE_HOSTNAME # --------------------------------------------------# In previous releases of Oracle Database, you were # required to set environment variables for # ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID to start, stop, and # check the status of Enterprise Manager. With # Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) and later, you # need to set the environment variables ORACLE_HOME, # ORACLE_UNQNAME, and ORACLE_HOSTNAME to use # Enterprise Manager. Set ORACLE_UNQNAME equal to # the database unique name and ORACLE_HOSTNAME to # the hostname of the machine. # --------------------------------------------------ORACLE_UNQNAME=testdb1; export ORACLE_UNQNAME ORACLE_HOSTNAME=testnode1.idevelopment.info; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME # --------------------------------------------------# JAVA_HOME # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the directory of the Java SDK and Runtime # Environment. # --------------------------------------------------JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME
# --------------------------------------------------# ORACLE_BASE # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the base of the Oracle directory structure # for Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) compliant # database software installations. # --------------------------------------------------ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE # --------------------------------------------------# ORACLE_HOME # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the directory containing the Oracle # Database software. # --------------------------------------------------ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME # --------------------------------------------------# GRID_HOME # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the directory containing the # Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server. # --------------------------------------------------GRID_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/grid; export GRID_HOME # --------------------------------------------------# ORACLE_PATH # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the search path for files used by Oracle # applications such as SQL*Plus. If the full path to # the file is not specified, or if the file is not # in the current directory, the Oracle application # uses ORACLE_PATH to locate the file. # This variable is used by SQL*Plus, Forms and Menu. # --------------------------------------------------ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/dba_scripts/common/sql:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin; export ORACLE # # # # # # # --------------------------------------------------SQLPATH --------------------------------------------------Specifies the directory or list of directories that SQL*Plus searches for a login.sql file. --------------------------------------------------SQLPATH=/u01/app/oracle/dba_scripts/common/sql; export SQLPATH
# --------------------------------------------------# ORACLE_TERM # --------------------------------------------------# Defines a terminal definition. If not set, it # defaults to the value of your TERM environment # variable. Used by all character mode products. # --------------------------------------------------ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM # --------------------------------------------------# NLS_DATE_FORMAT
# --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the default date format to use with the # TO_CHAR and TO_DATE functions. The default value of # this parameter is determined by NLS_TERRITORY. The # value of this parameter can be any valid date # format mask, and the value must be surrounded by # double quotation marks. For example: # # NLS_DATE_FORMAT = "MM/DD/YYYY" # # --------------------------------------------------NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT # --------------------------------------------------# TNS_ADMIN # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the directory containing the Oracle Net # Services configuration files like listener.ora, # tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora. When using Oracle # ASM, the TNS listener will be run out of # GRID_HOME; otherwise the listener will be run out # ORACLE_HOME. # --------------------------------------------------# TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN TNS_ADMIN=$GRID_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN # --------------------------------------------------# ORA_NLS11 # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the directory where the language, # territory, character set, and linguistic definition # files are stored. # --------------------------------------------------ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11 # --------------------------------------------------# PATH # --------------------------------------------------# Used by the shell to locate executable programs; # must include the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. # --------------------------------------------------PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/oracle/dba_scripts/common/bin export PATH # --------------------------------------------------# LD_LIBRARY_PATH # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the list of directories that the shared # library loader searches to locate shared object # libraries at runtime. # --------------------------------------------------LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH # --------------------------------------------------# CLASSPATH # --------------------------------------------------# Specifies the directory or list of directories that # contain compiled Java classes. # --------------------------------------------------CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib export CLASSPATH # --------------------------------------------------# THREADS_FLAG # --------------------------------------------------# All the tools in the JDK use green threads as a # default. To specify that native threads should be # used, set the THREADS_FLAG environment variable to # "native". You can revert to the use of green # threads by setting THREADS_FLAG to the value # "green". # --------------------------------------------------THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG # --------------------------------------------------# TEMP, TMP, and TMPDIR # --------------------------------------------------# Specify the default directories for temporary # files; if set, tools that create temporary files # create them in one of these directories. # --------------------------------------------------export TEMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp # --------------------------------------------------# UMASK # --------------------------------------------------# Set the default file mode creation mask # (umask) to 022 to ensure that the user performing # the Oracle software installation creates files # with 644 permissions. # --------------------------------------------------umask 022 Verify That the User nobody Exists Before installing the software, complete the following procedure to verify that the user nobody exists on the system. 1. To determine if the user exists, enter the following command.
[root@testnode1 ~]# id nobody uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody) 2. If this command displays information about the nobody user, then you do not have to create that user. 3. If the user nobody does not exist, then enter the following command to create it.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd nobody Create the Oracle Base Directory Path The next step is to configure an Oracle base path compliant with an Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) structure and correct permissions. The Oracle base path will be used to store the Oracle Database software.
[root@testnode1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle [root@testnode1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app [root@testnode1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app At the end of this section, you should have the following user, groups, and directory path configuration. An Oracle central inventory group, or oraInventory group (oinstall), whose members include oracle. Members of this group have the central inventory group as their primary group and are granted permissions to write to the oraInventory directory. A separate OSDBA group (dba), whose members include oracle, and who are granted the SYSDBA privilege to administer the Oracle Database. A separate OSOPER group (oper), whose members include oracle, and who are granted limited Oracle database administrator privileges. A separate OSASM group (asmadmin), whose members include oracle, and who are granted the SYSASM privilege to administer Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle ASM. A separate OSDBA for ASM group (asmdba), whose members include oracle, and who are granted access to Oracle ASM. A separate OSOPER for ASM group (asmoper), whose members include oracle, and who are granted limited Oracle ASM administrator privileges, including the permissions to start and stop the Oracle ASM instance. An Oracle Database software owner (oracle), with the oraInventory group as its primary group, and with the OSDBA (dba), OSOPER (oper), OSASM (asmadmin), OSDBA for ASM (asmdba), and OSOPER for ASM (asmoper) group as its secondary group. OFA-compliant mount point /u01 that will be used for the Oracle software installation. During installation, OUI creates the Oracle Inventory directory in the path /u01/app/oraInventory. This path remains owned by oracle:oinstall, to enable other Oracle software owners to write to the central inventory. An Oracle base /u01/app/oracle owned by oracle:oinstall with 775 permissions.
Set Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users To improve the performance of the software on Linux systems, you must increase the following resource limits for the Oracle software owner (oracle).
Resource Shell Limit Open file descriptors Number of processes available to a single user Size of the stack segment of the process
Item in limits.conf nofile nproc
Soft Limit at least 1024 at least 2047 at least 10240 KB
Hard Limit at least 65536 at least 16384 at least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB
stack
Use the following to check resource limits. 1. Log in as an Oracle installation owner. 2. Check the soft and hard limits for the file descriptor setting. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range. For example:
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ulimit -Sn 1024 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ulimit -Hn 1024 3. Check the soft and hard limits for the number of processes available to a user. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range. For example:
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ulimit -Su 81920 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ulimit -Hu 81920 4. Check the soft limit for the stack setting. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range. For example:
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ulimit -Ss 10240 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ulimit -Hs unlimited 5. If necessary, update the resource limits in the /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file for the Oracle installation owner by adding the following lines.
oracle oracle oracle
soft hard soft
nproc nproc nofile
2047 16384 1024
oracle oracle
hard soft
nofile stack
65536 10240
Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist.
session
required
pam_limits.so
Depending on your shell environment, make the following changes to the default shell startup file in order to change ulimit settings for the Oracle installation owner. For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines to the /etc/profile file.
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi For the C shell (csh or tcsh), add the following lines to the /etc/csh.login file.
if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then limit maxproc 16384 limit descriptors 65536 endif
Configure the Linux Operating System for Oracle

This section focuses on preparing the Linux operating system for the Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 installation. This includes verifying enough memory and swap space, setting shared memory and semaphores, setting the maximum number of file handles, setting the IP local port range, and how to activate all kernel parameters for the system. The kernel parameters discussed in this section will need to persist through machine reboots. Although there are several methods used to set these parameters, I will be making all changes permanent through reboots by placing all values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file. Instructions for setting all OS kernel parameters required by Oracle in a startup script will be discussed later in this section. Kernel Parameters The kernel parameters presented in this section are only recommended values as documented by Oracle. For production database systems, Oracle recommends that you tune these values to optimize the performance of the system.
Verify that the kernel parameters described in this section are set to values greater than or equal to the recommended values. Also note that when setting the four semaphore values that all four values need to be entered on one line. Oracle Database 11g Release 2 for Linux requires the kernel parameter settings shown below. The values given are minimums, so if your system uses a larger value, do not change it.
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 RHEL/OL/CentOS 5 already comes configured with default values defined for the following kernel parameters. kernel.shmmax kernel.shmall The default values for these two kernel parameters should be overwritten with the recommended values defined in this guide. Add or amend the following lines in the /etc/sysctl.conf file.
# +---------------------------------------------------------+ # | KERNEL PARAMETERS FOR ORACLE DATABASE 11g R2 ON LINUX | # +---------------------------------------------------------+ # +---------------------------------------------------------+ # | SHARED MEMORY | # +---------------------------------------------------------+ # Maximum size (in bytes) for a shared memory segment kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 # Maximum amount of shared memory (in pages) that # can be used at one time on the system and should be at # least ceil(SHMMAX/PAGE_SIZE) kernel.shmall = 2097152 # Maximum number of shared memory segments system wide kernel.shmmni = 4096 # +---------------------------------------------------------+ # | SEMAPHORES |
# +---------------------------------------------------------+ # SEMMSL_value SEMMNS_value SEMOPM_value kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 SEMMNI_value
# +---------------------------------------------------------+ # | NETWORKING | # ----------------------------------------------------------+ # Defines the local port range that is used by TCP and UDP # traffic to choose the local port net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 # Default setting in bytes of the socket "receive" buffer which # may be set by using the SO_RCVBUF socket option net.core.rmem_default = 262144 # Maximum setting in bytes of the socket "receive" buffer which # may be set by using the SO_RCVBUF socket option net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 # Default setting in bytes of the socket "send" buffer which # may be set by using the SO_SNDBUF socket option net.core.wmem_default = 262144 # Maximum setting in bytes of the socket "send" buffer which # may be set by using the SO_SNDBUF socket option net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 # +---------------------------------------------------------+ # | FILE HANDLES | # ----------------------------------------------------------+ # Maximum number of file-handles that the Linux kernel will allocate fs.file-max = 6815744 # Maximum number of allowable concurrent asynchronous I/O requests requests fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 Placing the kernel parameters in the /etc/sysctl.conf startup file persists the required kernel parameters through reboots. Linux allows modification of these kernel parameters to the current system while it is up and running, so there's no need to reboot the system after making kernel parameter changes. To activate the new kernel parameter values for the currently running system, run the following as root.
[root@testnode1 ~]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 Verify the new kernel parameter values by running the following.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm | sort kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmmni = 4096 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0 [root@testnode1 ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 [root@testnode1 ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 [root@testnode1 ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep 'core\.[rw]mem' | sort net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 [root@testnode1 ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a | egrep 'file-max|aio-max' | sort fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 Memory The minimum required RAM for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 running on the Linux platform is 1 GB (although 2 GB or more of RAM is highly recommended). In addition to the Oracle Database, Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server requires a minimum of 1.5 GB of RAM. Oracle recommends 4 GB or more when planning to install both Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server and Oracle Database on the same machine which is the configuration described in this guide. Use the following command to check the amount of installed RAM on the system.
[root@testnode1 ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal MemTotal: 4147592 kB If the size of the installed RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.
Swap Space The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space recommendation.
Available RAM Between 1 GB and 2 GB Between 2 GB and 16 GB More than 16 GB Swap Space Required 1.5 times the size of RAM Equal to the size of RAM 16 GB
Use the following command to determine the size of the configured swap space.
[root@testnode1 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal: 5144568 kB On Linux, the HugePages feature allocates non-swappable memory for large page tables using memory-mapped files. If you enable HugePages, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space.
If necessary, additional swap space can be configured by creating a temporary swap file and adding it to the current swap. This way you do not have to use a raw device or even more drastic, rebuild your system. 1. As root, make a file that will act as additional swap space, let's say about 500MB.
[root@testnode1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempswap bs=1k count=500000 2. Next, change the file permissions.
[root@testnode1 ~]# chmod 600 tempswap 3. Finally, format the "partition" as swap and add it to the swap space:
[root@testnode1 ~]# mke2fs tempswap [root@testnode1 ~]# mkswap tempswap [root@testnode1 ~]# swapon tempswap To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command.
[root@testnode1 ~]# free
total Mem: 4020892 -/+ buffers/cache: Swap: 6258680
used 1209360 234152 0
free 2811532 3786740 6258680
shared 0
buffers 49456
cached 925752
Automatic Memory Management Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm) and file descriptors. The shared memory should be sized to be at least the greater ofMEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on the computer. To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following command.
[root@testnode1 ~]# df -h /dev/shm/ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET cannot be used when LOCK_SGA is enabled or with HugePages on Linux.
Network Configuration
During the Linux OS install, we already configured the IP address and host name for the database node. This sections contains additional network configuration steps that will prepare the machine to run the Oracle database. Note that the Oracle database server should have a static IP address configured for the public network (eth0 for this guide). Do not use DHCP naming for the public IP address; you need a static IP address. Confirm the Node Name is Not Listed in Loopback Address Ensure that the node name (testnode1) is not included for the loopback address in the /etc/hosts file. If the machine name is listed in the in the loopback address entry as below:
127.0.0.1
testnode1 localhost.localdomain localhost
it will need to be removed as shown below:
127.0.0.1
localhost.localdomain localhost
Confirm Fully Qualified Name for the Server in /etc/hosts The /etc/hosts file must contain a fully qualified name for the server.
<IP-address> For example.
<fully-qualified-machine-name>
<machine-name>
127.0.0.1 192.168.1.106
localhost.localdomain localhost testnode1.idevelopment.info testnode1
Check and turn off UDP ICMP rejections During the Linux OS install, I indicated to disable the firewall. By default the option to configure a firewall is selected by the installer. This has burned me several times so I like to do a double-check that the firewall option is not configured and to ensure udp ICMP filtering is turned off. 1. Check to ensure that the firewall option is turned off. If the firewall option is stopped (like it is in my example below) you do not have to proceed with the following steps.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables status Firewall is stopped. 2. If the firewall option is operating, you will need to first manually disable UDP ICMP rejections.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] 3. Then, turn UDP ICMP rejections off for all subsequent server reboots (which should always be turned off).
[root@testnode1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
Configure Disks for Oracle ASM

As mentioned in the hardware configuration section of this guide, two hard disks will be configured as Oracle ASM volumes to store the database files (/dev/sdc) and the Fast Recovery Area (/dev/sdd) which will be managed by Oracle ASM. During the Linux OS install, these two hard disks were not formatted using the Disk Partitioning Layout wizard. This section describes how these two hard disks can be partitioned and then configured as Oracle ASM disks using ASMLib 2.0 which is an optional support library for the Oracle ASM feature of the Oracle Database. Partition Oracle ASM Disks - (Optional) Before using a hard disk as a physical volume for Oracle ASM, decide whether the entire disk will be used (/dev/sdc) or a disk partition (/dev/sdc1). In this guide, two unformatted hard disks were
earmarked to be Oracle ASM disks. Given that there is no information on these disks, it doesn't matter if you use the entire disk or whether to create a partition on each hard disk. For the purpose of this guide, I decided to create a single partition on each hard disk.
[root@testnode1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4699. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-4699, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4699, default 4699): 4699 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. -------------------------------------------------------------[root@testnode1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4699. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-4699, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4699, default 4699): 4699 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
Install and Configure ASMLib 2.0 - (Optional) ASMLib 2.0 is an optional support library for the Oracle ASM feature of the Oracle Database. In this guide, Oracle ASM will be used as the file system and volume manager for Oracle Database files (data, online redo logs, control files, archived redo logs) and the Fast Recovery Area. Although optional, installing and configuring ASMLib is highly recommended as it allows a database using Oracle ASM more efficient and capable access to the disk groups it is using. ASMLib was provided to enable Oracle ASM I/O to Linux disks without the limitations of the standard UNIX I/O API Keep in mind that ASMLib is only a support library for the Oracle ASM software. The Oracle ASM software will be installed as part of Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server later in this guide. So, is ASMLib required for Oracle ASM? Not at all. In fact, there are two different methods to configure Oracle ASM on Linux. ASM with ASMLib I/O This method creates all Oracle database files on raw block devices managed by Oracle ASM using ASMLib calls. RAW character devices are not required with this method as ASMLib works with block devices. ASM with Standard Linux I/O This method does not make use of ASMLib. Oracle database files are created on raw character devices managed by ASM using standard Linux I/O system calls. You will be required to create RAW devices for all disk partitions used by Oracle ASM. This guide uses the "ASM with ASMLib I/O" method. To learn more about Oracle ASMLib 2.0, visit http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linux/asmlib/index-101839.html. Download ASMLib 2.0 Packages Download the latest ASMLib 2.0 libraries and the kernel driver from the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) website. Oracle ASMLib Downloads for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5 At the time of this writing, the latest release of the ASMLib kernel driver is 2.0.5-1. Download the appropriate version of the ASMLib driver for the Linux kernel release and machine architecture.
[root@testnode1 ~]# uname -r -m 2.6.18-238.el5 x86_64 The output above indicates Linux kernel release 2.6.18-238.el5 running on the x86_64 architecture.
32-bit (x86) Installations
oracleasm-2.6.18-238.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
Next, download the ASMLib tools. oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.i386.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
64-bit (x86_64) Installations
oracleasm-2.6.18-238.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
Next, download the ASMLib tools. oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
Install ASMLib 2.0 Packages Install ASMLib 2.0 as the root user account.
[root@testnode1 ~]# rpm -Uvh oracleasm-2.6.18-238.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm \ > oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm \ > oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm warning: oracleasm-2.6.18-238.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [ 33%] 2:oracleasm-2.6.18-238.el########################################### [ 67%] 3:oracleasmlib ########################################### [100%] Verify the ASMLib packages were installed.
[root@testnode1 ~]# rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n"| gre oracleasm-2.6.18-238.el5-2.0.5-1.el5 (x86_64) oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5 (x86_64) oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5 (x86_64) Configure ASMLib After installing the ASMLib packages for Linux, configure and load the ASM kernel module. This task needs to be run as the root user account. The oracleasm command by default is in the path /usr/sbin. The /etc/init.d path, which was used in previous releases of ASMLib, is not deprecated but the oracleasm binary in that path is now used typically for internal commands. If you enter the command oracleasm configure without the i flag, then you are shown the current configuration. For example,
[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm configure
ORACLEASM_ENABLED=false ORACLEASM_UID= ORACLEASM_GID= ORACLEASM_SCANBOOT=true ORACLEASM_SCANORDER="" ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="" 1. Enter the following command to run the oracleasm initialization script with the configure option.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm configure -i Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver. This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort. Default user to own the driver interface []: oracle Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done 2. The script completes the following tasks. o Creates the /etc/sysconfig/oracleasm configuration file o Creates the /dev/oracleasm mount point o Mounts the ASMLib driver file system
The ASMLib driver file system is not a regular file system. It is used only by the Automatic Storage Management library to communicate with the Automatic Storage Management driver. 3. Enter the following command to load the oracleasm kernel module:
[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm init Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: /dev/oracleasm Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm Label ASM Disks for Oracle In the previous subsection, two hard disks were partitioned to be used by Oracle ASM. Use oracleasm to label the hard disk partitions for discovery by ASM.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk DATAVOL1 /dev/sdc1
Writing disk header: done Instantiating disk: done [root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk FRAVOL1 /dev/sdd1 Writing disk header: done Instantiating disk: done Validate that the ASM disks were successfully created by using oracleasm listdisks. This command identifies any disks attached to the node that are marked as Oracle ASM disks.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm listdisks DATAVOL1 FRAVOL1 Perform one last check that the new Oracle ASM disks are mounted in the oracleasm file system.
[root@testnode1 ~]# ls -l /dev/oracleasm/disks total 0 brw-rw---- 1 oracle asmadmin 8, 33 Jan 15 19:10 DATAVOL1 brw-rw---- 1 oracle asmadmin 8, 49 Jan 15 19:10 FRAVOL1
Download Oracle Software

Download and extract the required Oracle software packages from the Oracle Technology Network (OTN), Oracle Software Delivery Cloud (eDelivery), or My Oracle Support (MOS) website depending on your support status. Oracle Grid Infrastructure OTN: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86 OTN: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 eDelivery: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1.0) MOS: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.2 or 11.2.0.3)
Oracle Database OTN: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86 OTN: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 eDelivery: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) MOS: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2 or 11.2.0.3)
Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 base release (11.2.0.1) is available through the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud (eDelivery) or OTN. If you do not currently have an account with Oracle OTN or eDelivery, you will need to create one. This is a free account. Oracle offers a development and testing license free of charge. No support, however, is provided and the license does not permit production use. A full description of the license agreement is available on OTN. Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2) and (11.2.0.3) are only available through My Oracle Support (MOS) and are listed as patch sets in this section.
Access to MOS requires an Oracle Single Sign On (SSO) account (which is the same account used for OTN) and a valid Customer Support Identifier (or CSI). MOS requires a paid software license and support contract and is the only place to download critical updates and patch sets. Starting with the release of the 11.2.0.2 patch set for Oracle Database 11g Release 2, Oracle Database patch sets are full installations of the Oracle Database software (you do not need to download and install 11.2.0.1 first). Log in as the Oracle software owner (oracle) and download the Oracle Grid Infrastructure, Oracle Database, and Oracle Examples (optional) software to an install directory. For example /home/oracle/software/oracle. Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Examples (optional)
Oracle Release 11.2.0.1

Oracle Software Component Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure Releas e 11.2.0. 1
Location
Associated Zip File(s)
OTN / eDelivery / MOS
linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2. zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2. zip linux.x64_11gR2_examples.zip
Oracle Database 11g Release 2
11.2.0. 1
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Examples
11.2.0. 1
[oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 [oracle@testnode1
~]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/software/oracle ~]$ mv linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip /home/oracle/software/oracle ~]$ mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /home/oracle/software/oracle ~]$ mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /home/oracle/software/oracle ~]$ mv linux.x64_11gR2_examples.zip /home/oracle/software/oracle ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_examples.zip
Oracle Release 11.2.0.2 Patch Set

Oracle Software Component Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure Oracle Database Releas e 11.2.0. 2 11.2.0. MOS Patch Set
10098816
p10098816_112020_Linux-x8664_3of7.zip p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-
10098816
Oracle Software Component 11g Release 2
Releas e 2
MOS Patch Set
64_1of7.zip p10098816_112020_Linux-x8664_2of7.zip
10098816
11.2.0. 2
p10098816_112020_Linux-x8664_6of7.zip
~]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/software/oracle ~]$ mv p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ mv p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ mv p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ mv p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_6of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle oracle]$ unzip p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip oracle]$ unzip p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip oracle]$ unzip p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip oracle]$ unzip p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_6of7.zip
Oracle Release 11.2.0.3 Patch Set

Oracle Software Component Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure Releas e 11.2.0. 3 MOS Patch Set
10404530
p10404530_112030_Linux-x8664_3of7.zip p10404530_112030_Linux-x8664_1of7.zip p10404530_112030_Linux-x8664_2of7.zip p10404530_112030_Linux-x8664_6of7.zip
Oracle Database 11g Release 2
11.2.0. 3
10404530
11.2.0. 3
10404530
~]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/software/oracle ~]$ mv p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ mv p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ mv p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ mv p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_6of7.zip /home/oracle/software/orac ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle oracle]$ unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip oracle]$ unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip oracle]$ unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip oracle]$ unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_6of7.zip
You should now have directories called grid, database, and the optional examples directory containing the Oracle installation files.
Pre-Installation Tasks
Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server This subsection contains any remaining pre-installation tasks for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server that have not already been discussed.
Fixup Scripts
Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) detects when the minimum requirements for an installation are not met and creates shell scripts called fixup scripts to finish incomplete system configuration steps. If OUI detects an incomplete task, it then generates fixup scripts (runfixup.sh). You can run the fixup script after you click the [Fix and Check Again Button] during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.
Verify Oracle Restart Requirements with CVU - (optional)
Oracle recommends to run the Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) script runcluvfy.sh before installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server to verify the environment for Oracle Restart. Note that manually running the CVU before running the Oracle installer is not required. If you decide that you want to run the CVU, keep in mind that it should be run as the oracle user with user equivalence configured for the oracle user. If user equivalence is not configured for the oracle user account, the CVU utility will fail before having the opportunity to perform any of its critical checks and generate the fixup scripts:
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle/grid [oracle@testnode1 grid]$ runcluvfy.sh stage -pre hacfg Performing pre-checks for Oracle Restart configuration Checking node reachability... Node reachability check passed from node "testnode1" Checking user equivalence... PRVF-4007 : User equivalence check failed for user "oracle" Check failed on nodes: testnode1 ERROR: User equivalence unavailable on all the specified nodes Verification cannot proceed Pre-check for Oracle Restart configuration was unsuccessful. If you decide to run the CVU, configure user equivalence for the oracle user account and run runcluvfy.sh stage -pre hacfg to verify that the server meets the installation requirements for Oracle Restart.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ mkdir ~/.ssh [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa): [Enter] Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Enter] Enter same passphrase again: [Enter] Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 21:c8:86:e7:0b:c7:73:82:de:2c:79:79:37:d6:15:92 oracle@testnode1.idevelopment.info [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ssh testnode1 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys The authenticity of host 'testnode1 (192.168.1.106)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6f:62:7a:0d:c5:91:fb:31:fe:67:4a:24:64:b6:f7:4d. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'testnode1,192.168.1.106' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. oracle@testnode1's password: xxxx [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ssh testnode1 "date;hostname" Thu Jan 12 19:47:51 EST 2012 testnode1.idevelopment.info [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle/grid [oracle@testnode1 grid]$ runcluvfy.sh stage -pre hacfg Review the CVU report. Oracle Database All pre-installation tasks have already been performed to successfully install and configure the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 software.
Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server

The Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server is the Oracle software that provides system support for an Oracle database including volume management, file system, and automatic restart capabilities. Whenever planning to use Oracle Restart or Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server before you install and create the database. Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server is the software that includes Oracle Restart and Oracle ASM. Oracle combines the two infrastructure products into a single set of binaries that is installed in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. The Oracle Grid Infrastructure home for this guide will be /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid. Log into the node as the Oracle software owner (oracle). If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable accordingly.
DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY Before starting the OUI, make certain to either unset $TNS_ADMIN or set it appropriately for the Grid Infrastructure home environment (/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin).
Before starting the OUI, make certain to either unset $TNS_ADMIN or set it appropriately for the Grid Infrastructure home environment (/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin) as described in thelogin script for the Oracle user account. Failure to set $TNS_ADMIN to the Grid Infrastructure environment (or unsetting it) before the Grid Infrastructure install will result in a failure by NETCA to create the default listener configuration file (listener.ora) as described in the troubleshooting section to this guide. Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the grid install directory.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ id uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),504(asmadmin),50 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ echo $TNS_ADMIN /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle/grid [oracle@testnode1 grid]$ ./runInstaller At any time during installation, if you have a question about what you are being asked to do, click the Help button on the OUI page.
Screen Name Installation Option Product Languages Response Select "Install and Configure Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server". Make the appropriate selection(s) for your environment. The Create ASM Disk Group screen lists all of the Oracle ASM candidate disks that were labeled during the ASMLib configuration. Note that the Create ASM Disk Group wizard only allows for the configuration of one disk group. Using this wizard, create an Oracle ASM disk group that will be used for database files. A second Oracle ASM disk group will be created for the recovery files (Fast Recovery Area) later in this guide using the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA). Create an ASM Disk Group that will be used to store the database files for the example database described in this guide according to the values in the table below. If the Oracle ASM disks do not show up in the "Select Member Disks" window as eligible (ORCL:DATAVOL1 and ORCL:FRAVOL1) then click on the [Change Disk Discovery Path] button and input "ORCL:*". Disk Group Name Redundancy Disk Path Screen Shot
Create ASM Disk Group
Screen Name
Response
Screen Shot
TESTDB1_DATA
External
ORCL:DATAVOL1
During installation, disk paths mounted on Oracle ASM and registered on ASMLIB with the string ORCL:* are listed as default database storage candidate disks. Enter the SYSASM password required to connect to the Oracle ASM instance. The Oracle ASM instance is managed by a privileged role called SYSASM, which grants full access to Oracle ASM disk groups. Oracle recommends that you create a less privileged user, ASMSNMP, with SYSDBA privileges to monitor the Oracle ASM instance. Enter passwords for the SYS and ASMSNMP database accounts. The passwords should be at least eight characters in length and include at least one alphabetic and one numeric character. To specify the same password for both accounts, select "Use same passwords for these accounts". This guide makes use of role-based administrative privileges and high granularity in specifying Automatic Storage Management roles. Make any changes necessary to match the values in the table below. OSDBA for ASM OSOPER for ASM OSASM
Specify ASM Password
Privileged Operating System Groups
asmdba
asmoper
asmadmin
Specify Installation Location
Set the "Oracle Base" ($ORACLE_BASE) and "Software Location" ($ORACLE_HOME) for the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server installation. Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle Software Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid Since this is the first install on the host, you will need to create the Oracle Inventory. Use the default values provided by the OUI. Inventory Directory: /u01/app/oraInventory oraInventory Group Name: oinstall The installer will run through a series of checks to determine if the node meets the minimum requirements for installing and configuring the Oracle Restart and Oracle Automatic Storage Management software. Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2 (11.2), if any check fails, the installer (OUI) will create shell script programs called fixup scripts to resolve many incomplete system configuration requirements. If OUI detects an incomplete task that is marked "fixable", then you can easily fix the issue by generating the fixup script by clicking the [Fix & Check Again] button. The fixup script is generated during installation. You will be
Create Inventory
Prerequisite Checks
Screen Name
Response prompted to run the script as root in a separate terminal session. When you run the script, it raises kernel values to required minimums, if necessary, and completes other operating system configuration tasks. If the OUI detected any failed checks, take the appropriate action to resolve it or click the "Ignore All" check box to acknowledge it is safe to continue with the installation without resolving the issue. If all prerequisite checks pass, the OUI continues to the Summary screen.
Screen Shot
Summary Install Product
Click [Finish] to start the installation. The installer performs the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server software installation. After the installation completes, you will be prompted to execute root scripts to configure the Oracle Inventory, Oracle Grid Infrastructure, and Automatic Storage Management software. Note: Do not click OK until you run the scripts mentioned in this screen. Open a new terminal window as the root user account and execute the orainstRoot.sh script.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Execute Configuration scripts Within the same terminal window stay logged in as the root user account and execute the root.sh script.
[root@testnode1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/root.sh [11.2.0.1.0] [root@testnode1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/root.sh [11.2.0.2.0] [root@testnode1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/root.sh [11.2.0.3.0]
Go back to OUI and acknowledge the "Execute Configuration scripts" dialog window. The OUI will continue by configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server using the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant and the Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant. Components will then be registered with Oracle Restart. At the end of the installation, click the [Close] button to exit the OUI.
Run Grid Infrastructure Assistants
Finish
Post-installation Tasks for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server

After the installation of Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server, use the SRVCTL and CRSCTL commands to verify the Oracle Restart configuration.
Use SRVCTL and CRSCTL commands out of the Oracle Home directory for Oracle Grid Infrastructure to modify and view component information for the Oracle Restart configuration. In a terminal window as the oracle user, set the environment to use the Oracle Home for Oracle Grid Infrastructure with . oraenv and enter the ORACLE_SID +ASM when prompted.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [testdb1] ? +ASM The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid is /u01/app/oracle Verify Oracle High Availability Service is Installed
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl check has CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online Verify Status and Configuration Information
11.2.0.1.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl status resource NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr TYPE=ora.listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.asm TYPE=ora.asm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.cssd TYPE=ora.cssd.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.diskmon TYPE=ora.diskmon.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1
11.2.0.2.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl status resource NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr
TYPE=ora.listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.asm TYPE=ora.asm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.cssd TYPE=ora.cssd.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.diskmon TYPE=ora.diskmon.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.evmd TYPE=ora.evm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.ons TYPE=ora.ons.type TARGET=OFFLINE STATE=OFFLINE
11.2.0.3.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl status resource NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr TYPE=ora.listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.asm TYPE=ora.asm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.cssd TYPE=ora.cssd.type
TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.diskmon TYPE=ora.diskmon.type TARGET=OFFLINE STATE=OFFLINE NAME=ora.evmd TYPE=ora.evm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.ons TYPE=ora.ons.type TARGET=OFFLINE STATE=OFFLINE Verify Oracle ASM Component Use SRVCTL to view the Oracle Restart configuration for the Oracle ASM component.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ srvctl config asm ASM home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid ASM listener: LISTENER Spfile: +TESTDB1_DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.772632389 ASM diskgroup discovery string: Verify Oracle Net Listener Component Use SRVCTL to view the Oracle Restart configuration for the Oracle Net Listener component.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ srvctl config listener Name: LISTENER Home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid End points: TCP:1521 Verify Component Status Use SRVCTL to view the running status (running or not running) for any component managed by Oracle Restart.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ srvctl status listener Listener LISTENER is enabled Listener LISTENER is running on node(s): testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ srvctl status asm -a ASM is running on testnode1 ASM is enabled.
Verify Oracle ASM Server Parameter File Use ASMCMD and the spget command to retrieve the location of the Oracle ASM SPFILE registered in Oracle Restart.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ asmcmd ASMCMD> spget +TESTDB1_DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.772632389 Check Clusterware Resources

11.2.0.1.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host ---------------------------------------------------------------------ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.cssd ora.cssd.type 0/5 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.diskmon ora....on.type 0/10 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1
11.2.0.2.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host ---------------------------------------------------------------------ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.cssd ora.cssd.type 0/5 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.diskmon ora....on.type 0/10 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.evmd ora.evm.type 0/10 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.ons ora.ons.type 0/3 0/ OFFLINE OFFLINE
11.2.0.3.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host ---------------------------------------------------------------------ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.cssd ora.cssd.type 0/5 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.diskmon ora....on.type 0/10 0/5 OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.evmd ora.evm.type 0/10 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.ons ora.ons.type 0/3 0/ OFFLINE OFFLINE
Notice that the state of the ora.diskmon resource is OFFLINE after completing the Grid Infrastructure 11.2.0.3 installation while in previous releases it was ONLINE. Starting with Grid Infrastructure 11.2.0.3, the ora.diskmonresource is used for Oracle Exadata fencing. For a non-Exadata machine, this resource will be OFFLINE.
The crs_stat command is deprecated in Oracle Clusterware 11g Release 2 (11.2).
Create Separate ASM Disk Group for the Fast Recovery Area
Run the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA) as the oracle user account to create any additional Oracle ASM disk groups that will be used to create the example database described in this guide. During the installation of Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server, the Create ASM Disk Group wizard only allowed for the configuration of one disk group. Using that wizard, an Oracle ASM disk group namedTESTDB1_DATA was created for database files. In this section, create an additional Oracle ASM disk group named FRA for the Fast Recovery Area. Start the Oracle ASMCA by executing the asmca command as the oracle use account in the Oracle Home for Oracle Grid Infrastructure.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ asmca &

Screen Name Disk Groups Response From the "Disk Groups" tab, click the [Create] button. The "Create Disk Group" dialog should show the last remaining Oracle ASM candidate disk that were labeled during the ASMLib configuration. If the Oracle ASM disk does not show up in the "Select Member Disks" window as eligible (ORCL:FRAVOL1) then click on the [Change Disk Discovery Path] button and input "ORCL:*". When creating the "Fast Recovery Area" disk group, use "FRA" for the "Disk Group Name". In the "Redundancy" section, choose "External (None)". Finally, check the Oracle ASM disk "ORCL:FRAVOL1" in the "Select Member Disks" section. After verifying all values in this dialog are correct, click the [OK] button. Exit the ASM Configuration Assistant by clicking the [Exit] button. Screen Shot
Create Disk Group
Disk Groups
Install Oracle Database

For the purpose of this example, we will forgo the "Create Database" option when installing the Oracle Database software. The database will be created later in this guide using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) after all installs have been completed.
Before starting the OUI, make certain that the $ORACLE_HOME and $PATH are set appropriately for the $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 environment. Setting environment variables in the login script for the oracleuser account was covered in the section "Create Login Script for the oracle User Account". Start the OUI by issuing the following command in the database install directory.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ id uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),504(asmadmin),50 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ . .bash_profile [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle/database [oracle@testnode1 database]$ ./runInstaller At any time during installation, if you have a question about what you are being asked to do, click the Help button on the OUI page.
Screen Name Response To stay informed with the latest security issues, enter your email address, preferably your My Oracle Support e-mail address or user name in the Email field. You can select the "I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support" check box to receive security updates. Enter your My Oracle Support password in the "My Oracle Support Password" field. For the purpose of this example, un-check the security updates check-box and click the [Next] button to continue. Acknowledge the warning dialog indicating you have not provided an email address by clicking the [Yes] button. Select "Install database software only". Select "Single instance database installation". Make the appropriate selection(s) for your environment. Screen Shot
Configure Security Updates
Installation Option Grid Options Product Languages Database Edition
Select "Enterprise Edition". Specify the Oracle base and Software location (Oracle home) as follows. Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle Software Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Select the OS groups to be used for the SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges.
Installation Location
Operating System
Screen Name Groups
Response Database Administrator (OSDBA) Group: dba Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: oper The installer will run through a series of checks to determine if the machine and OS configuration meet the minimum requirements for installing the Oracle Database software. Starting with 11g Release 2, if any checks fail, the installer (OUI) will create shell script programs called fixup scripts to resolve many incomplete system configuration requirements. If OUI detects an incomplete task that is marked "fixable", then you can easily fix the issue by generating the fixup script by clicking the [Fix & Check Again] button. The fixup script is generated during installation. You will be prompted to run the script as root in a separate terminal session. When you run the script, it raises kernel values to required minimums, if necessary, and completes other operating system configuration tasks. If the OUI detected any failed checks, take the appropriate action to resolve it or click the "Ignore All" check box to acknowledge it is safe to continue with the installation without resolving the issue. If all prerequisite checks pass, the OUI continues to the Summary screen. Click [Finish] to start the installation. The installer performs the Oracle Database software installation. After the installation completes, you will be prompted to run the root script. Open a new terminal window as the root user account and execute the root.sh script.
Screen Shot
Prerequisite Checks
Summary Install Product
Execute Configuration scripts
[root@testnode1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh [11.2.0.1.0] [root@testnode1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh [11.2.0.2.0] [root@testnode1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh [11.2.0.3.0]
Go back to OUI and acknowledge the "Execute Configuration scripts" dialog window.
Finish
At the end of the installation, click the [Close] button to exit the OUI.
Install Oracle Database Examples

Now that the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 software is installed, you have the option to install the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Examples.
Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the examples install directory as the Oracle software owner (oracle).
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/software/oracle/examples [oracle@testnode1 examples]$ ./runInstaller At any time during installation, if you have a question about what you are being asked to do, click the Help button on the OUI page.
Screen Name Response Specify the Oracle base and Software location (Oracle home) as follows. Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle Software Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 The installer will run through a series of checks to determine if the machine and OS configuration meet the minimum requirements for installing the Oracle Database Examples software. Starting with 11g Release 2, if any checks fail, the installer (OUI) will create shell script programs called fixup scripts to resolve many incomplete system configuration requirements. If OUI detects an incomplete task that is marked "fixable", then you can easily fix the issue by generating the fixup script by clicking the[Fix & Check Again] button. The fixup script is generated during installation. You will be prompted to run the script as root in a separate terminal session. When you run the script, it raises kernel values to required minimums, if necessary, and completes other operating system configuration tasks. If the OUI detected any failed checks, take the appropriate action to resolve it or click the "Ignore All" check box to acknowledge it is safe to continue with the installation without resolving the issue. If all prerequisite checks pass, the OUI continues to the Summary screen. Click [Finish] to start the installation. The installer performs the Oracle Database Examples software installation. At the end of the installation, click the [Close] button to exit the OUI. Screen Shot
Installation Location
Prerequisite Checks
Summary Install Product Finish
Create the Oracle Database

Use the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to create the database. Before executing the DBCA, make certain that the $ORACLE_HOME and $PATH are set appropriately for the $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 environment. Setting environment variables in the
login script for theoracle user account was covered in the section "Create Login Script for the oracle User Account". You should also verify that all services installed up to this point (Oracle TNS Listener and Oracle ASM) are running on the node before attempting to start the database creation process.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ srvctl status listener Listener LISTENER is enabled Listener LISTENER is running on node(s): testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ srvctl status asm -a ASM is running on testnode1 ASM is enabled. Create the Database To start the database creation process, run the following as the Oracle software owner (oracle).
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ dbca &

Screen Name Welcome Screen Operations Database Templates Click [Next] to continue. Select Create a Database. Select Custom Database. Database naming. Global Database Name: testdb1.idevelopment.info SID Prefix: testdb1 Note: I used idevelopment.info for the database domain. You may use any database domain. Keep in mind that this domain does not have to be a valid DNS domain. From the "Enterprise Manager" tab, you can leave the default option here which is to Configure Enterprise Manager / Configure Database Control for local management. Using the "Automatic Maintenance Tasks" tab, leave the default option which is to Enable automatic maintenance tasks. Secure the database with passwords for the most important database administrator accounts. Enter passwords for the SYS, SYSTEM, DBSNMP, and SYSMAN database accounts. The passwords should be at least eight characters in length and include at least one alphabetic and one numeric character. To specify the same password for all accounts, Use the Same Administrative Password for All Accounts. Response Screen Shot
Database Identification
Management Options
Database Credentials
Screen Name
Response Specify storage type and locations for database files. Storage Type: Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Storage Locations: Use Oracle-Managed Files Database Area: +TESTDB1_DATA
Screen Shot
Database File Locations
Specify ASMSNMP Password
Specify the ASMSNMP password for the ASM instance.
Recovery Configuration
Check the option for Specify Flash Recovery Area. Flash Recovery Area: +FRA Flash Recovery Area Size: Use Oracle-Managed Files My disk group has a size of about 36GB. When defining the Fast Recovery Area size, use the entire volume minus 10% for overhead (36-10%=32 GB). I used a Fast Recovery Area Size of 32 GB (32768 MB). I left all of the Database Components (and destination tablespaces) set to their default value although it is perfectly OK to select the Sample Schemas. This option is available since we installed the Oracle Database 11g Examples. Change any parameters for your environment. I left them all at their default settings for this example. Change any parameters for your environment. I left them all at their default settings for this example. Keep the default option Create Database selected. I also always select to Generate Database Creation Scripts. Click Finish to start the database creation process. After acknowledging the database creation report and script generation dialog, the database creation will start. Click OK on the "Summary" screen.
Database Content
Initialization Parameters Database Storage
Creation Options
Database Creation Process End of Database Creation
Wait for the database process to complete.
At the end of the database creation, exit from the DBCA.
When the DBCA has completed, you will have a fully functional Oracle Restart enabled Oracle Database 11g Release 2 database running using Oracle ASM. Verify Oracle Restart From the Oracle home for Grid Infrastructure.
11.2.0.1.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl status resource NAME=ora.FRA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr TYPE=ora.listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.asm TYPE=ora.asm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.cssd TYPE=ora.cssd.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.diskmon TYPE=ora.diskmon.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.testdb1.db TYPE=ora.database.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host ---------------------------------------------------------------------ora.FRA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.cssd ora.cssd.type 0/5 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.diskmon ora....on.type 0/10 0/5 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1 ora.testdb1.db ora....se.type 0/2 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE testnode1
11.2.0.2.0
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl status resource NAME=ora.FRA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE
STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr TYPE=ora.listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.asm TYPE=ora.asm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.cssd TYPE=ora.cssd.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.diskmon TYPE=ora.diskmon.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.evmd TYPE=ora.evm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.ons TYPE=ora.ons.type TARGET=OFFLINE STATE=OFFLINE NAME=ora.testdb1.db TYPE=ora.database.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1
11.2.0.3.0
NAME=ora.FRA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr TYPE=ora.listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1
NAME=ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.asm TYPE=ora.asm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.cssd TYPE=ora.cssd.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.diskmon TYPE=ora.diskmon.type TARGET=OFFLINE STATE=OFFLINE NAME=ora.evmd TYPE=ora.evm.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 NAME=ora.ons TYPE=ora.ons.type TARGET=OFFLINE STATE=OFFLINE NAME=ora.testdb1.db TYPE=ora.database.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on testnode1 Test Database Connectivity From the Oracle home for Oracle Database. Verify that the TNS listener is running (lsnrctl status) then log in to the new instance to verify database connectivity and perform a few queries.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ sqlplus system/*******@testdb1 SQL> SELECT user FROM dual; USER -----------------------------SYSTEM SQL> SELECT systimestamp FROM dual;
SYSTIMESTAMP ----------------------------------------15-JAN-12 05.39.35.746417 PM -05:00 SQL> SELECT owner, COUNT(owner) AS "OBJECT_COUNT" FROM dba_objects GROUP BY owner; OWNER OBJECT_COUNT ------------------------------ -----------OWBSYS_AUDIT 12 MDSYS 1509 PUBLIC 27702 OUTLN 9 CTXSYS 366 OLAPSYS 719 HR 34 FLOWS_FILES 12 OWBSYS 2 SYSTEM 529 ORACLE_OCM 8 EXFSYS 310 APEX_030200 2406 DBSNMP 65 ORDSYS 2532 ORDPLUGINS 10 OE 127 PM 27 SH 306 SYSMAN 3491 APPQOSSYS 3 XDB 844 ORDDATA 248 IX 55 BI 8 SYS 30796 WMSYS 316 SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA 8 28 rows selected. Oracle Enterprise Manager If you configured Oracle Enterprise Manager (Database Control), it can be used to view the database configuration and current status of the database. The URL for this example is: https://testnode1.idevelopment.info:1158/em/
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ emctl status dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://testnode1.idevelopment.info:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running. ------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/testnode1.idevelop Make certain to run emctl from $ORACLE_HOME/bin and not from $GRID_HOME/bin as described in the Troubleshooting section to this guide.
Figure 1: Oracle Enterprise Manager - (Database Console)
Post Database Creation Tasks - (Optional)

This section offers several optional tasks that can be performed on your new Oracle 11g environment in order to enhance availability as well as database management. Re-compile Invalid Objects Run the utlrp.sql script to recompile all invalid PL/SQL packages now instead of when the packages are accessed for the first time. This step is optional but recommended.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql Enabling Archive Logs Whether a single instance or clustered database, Oracle tracks and logs all changes to database blocks in online redolog files. An Oracle instance will use its group of online redologs in a circular manner. Once an online redolog fills, Oracle moves to the next one. If the database is in "Archive Log Mode", Oracle will make a copy of the online redo log before it gets reused. A thread (an Oracle instance) must contain at least two online redologs (or online redolog groups). As already mentioned, Oracle writes to its online redolog files in a circular manner. When the current online redolog fills, Oracle will switch to the next one. To facilitate media recovery, Oracle allows the DBA to put the database into "Archive Log Mode" which makes a copy of the online redolog after it fills (and before it gets reused). This is a process known as archiving. The Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) allows users to configure a new database to be in archive log mode within the Recovery Configuration section; however most DBA's opt to bypass this option during initial database creation. In cases like this where the database is in no archive log mode, it is a simple task to put the database into archive log mode. Note however that this will require a short database outage. 1. Log in to the database as a user with SYSDBA privileges and shut down the instance.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. 2. After shutting down the instance, mount the database.
SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1657225216 bytes Fixed Size 1336904 bytes Variable Size 973081016 bytes Database Buffers 671088640 bytes Redo Buffers 11718656 bytes 3. Enable archiving.
SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered. 4. Open the database.
SQL> alter database open; Database altered. 5. Verify Archive Log Mode is enabled.
SQL> archive log list Database log mode Automatic archival Archive destination Oldest online log sequence Next log sequence to archive Current log sequence
Archive Mode Enabled USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST 75 77 77
Download and Install Custom Oracle Database Scripts DBA's rely on Oracle's data dictionary views and dynamic performance views in order to support and better manage their databases. Although these views provide a simple and easy mechanism to query critical information regarding the database, it helps to have a collection of accurate and readily available SQL scripts to query these views. In this section you will download and install a collection of Oracle DBA scripts that can be used to manage many aspects of your database including space management, performance, backups, security, and session management. The DBA Scripts Archive for Oracle can be downloaded using the following link http://www.idevelopment.info/data/Oracle/DBA_scripts/dba_scripts_archive_Oracle.zip. As the Oracle software owner (oracle), download thedba_scripts_archive_Oracle.zip archive to the $ORACLE_BASE directory. For the purpose of this example, the dba_scripts_archive_Oracle.zip archive will be copied to /u01/app/oracle. Next, unzip the archive file to the $ORACLE_BASE directory. For example:
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cp Downloads/dba_scripts_archive_Oracle.zip /u01/app/oracle [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle [oracle@testnode1 oracle]$ unzip dba_scripts_archive_Oracle.zip The final step is to verify (or set) the appropriate environment variable for the current UNIX shell to ensure the Oracle SQL scripts can be run from within SQL*Plus while in any directory. For UNIX, verify the following environment variable is set and included in your login shell script:
ORACLE_PATH=$ORACLE_BASE/dba_scripts/common/sql:.:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin export ORACLE_PATH The ORACLE_PATH environment variable should already be set in the .bash_profilelogin script that was created in the section Create Login Script for the oracle User Account.
Now that the DBA Scripts Archive for Oracle has been unzipped and the UNIX environment variable ($ORACLE_PATH) has been set to the appropriate directory, you should now be able to run any of the SQL scripts in the$ORACLE_BASE/dba_scripts/common/sql while logged into SQL*Plus from any directory. For example, to query tablespace information while logged into the Oracle database as a DBA user:
SQL> @dba_tablespaces Status -------ONLINE ONLINE ONLINE ONLINE ONLINE ONLINE avg sum 6 rows selected. To obtain a list of all available Oracle DBA scripts while logged into SQL*Plus, run the help.sql script. Tablespace Name -----------------EXAMPLE SYSAUX SYSTEM TEMP UNDOTBS1 USERS TS Type -----------PERMANENT PERMANENT PERMANENT TEMPORARY UNDO PERMANENT Ext. Mgt. ---------LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL
Seg. Mgt. Tablespace Size Used ( --------- ------------------ --------AUTO 157,286,400 8 AUTO 629,145,600 48 MANUAL 734,003,200 70 MANUAL 67,108,864 6 MANUAL 560,988,160 41 AUTO 5,242,880 ------------------ --------2,153,775,104
1,76
SQL> @help.sql ======================================== Automatic Shared Memory Management ======================================== asmm_components.sql ======================================== Automatic Storage Management
======================================== asm_alias.sql asm_clients.sql asm_diskgroups.sql asm_disks.sql asm_disks_perf.sql asm_drop_files.sql asm_files.sql asm_files2.sql asm_templates.sql < --- SNIP --- > perf_top_sql_by_buffer_gets.sql perf_top_sql_by_disk_reads.sql ======================================== Workspace Manager ======================================== wm_create_workspace.sql wm_disable_versioning.sql wm_enable_versioning.sql wm_freeze_workspace.sql wm_get_workspace.sql wm_goto_workspace.sql wm_merge_workspace.sql wm_refresh_workspace.sql wm_remove_workspace.sql wm_unfreeze_workspace.sql wm_workspaces.sql
Configure Automatic Database Starting and Stopping

Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2, the dbstart and dbshut scripts that were used to automate database startup and shutdown in previous Oracle versions are deprecated. Oracle now recommends to configure Oracle Database with the Oracle Restart feature to automatically restart the database, the listener, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), and other Oracle components after a hardware or software failure or when the database host computer restarts. This guide presented instructions for creating an Oracle Restart enabled database and does not require any modifications to automate the database startup and shutdown process. Modifying the /etc/oratab file and setting the restart flag (the last field) to "Y" is no longer required to automatically startup and shutdown the database when using Oracle Restart. For example, the restart flag for testdb1 can remain at "N" and Oracle Restart will still automate the database startup and shutdown procedures.
... +ASM:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid:N testdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N ...
Managing Oracle Restart Components

This section contains a set of commands that can be used to manage the Oracle Restart configuration. Use the CRSCTL command out of the Oracle Home directory for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Check the current status of Oracle Restart.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl config has CRS-4622: Oracle High Availability Services autostart is enabled. Stop Oracle Restart.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl stop has CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'tes CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.testdb1.db' on 'testnode1' CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'testnode1' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'testnode1' succeeded CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.testdb1.db' on 'testnode1' succeeded CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.FRA.dg' on 'testnode1' CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg' on 'testnode1' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.TESTDB1_DATA.dg' on 'testnode1' succeeded CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.FRA.dg' on 'testnode1' succeeded CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'testnode1' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'testnode1' succeeded CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'testnode1' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'testnode1' succeeded CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.diskmon' on 'testnode1' CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.diskmon' on 'testnode1' succeeded CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'testnode1' h CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped. Start Oracle Restart.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl start has CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started. Disable Oracle Restart.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ crsctl disable has CRS-4621: Oracle High Availability Services autostart is disabled.
Miscellaneous Options
This final section contains several miscellaneous options that may be of use to newcomers of Oracle 11g. Enterprise Manager - Database Console
During the database creation section, we asked for DBCA to create the Enterprise Manager Database Console application. The DBCA will automatically start the OEM Database Console application. To check for the process, useemctl from $ORACLE_HOME/bin.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ emctl status dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://testnode1.idevelopment.info:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running. -----------------------------------------------------------------Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/testnode1.idevelop If you receive something similar to the above output, then OEM Database Console is running. If you need to manually start this application, login as oracle and type the following from $ORACLE_HOME/bin.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ emctl start dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://testnode1.idevelopment.info:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ......... started. -----------------------------------------------------------------Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/testnode1.idevelop The OEM DB Console application may take several minutes to start. Once the DB Console application is up and running, point your web browser to https://<Database_Server>:1158/em as in the following:
https://testnode1.idevelopment.info:1158/em Login: User Name: SYSTEM Password: <The password you chose during installation> Connect As: Normal At the time of this writing, I have been unable to determine if it is possible to configure OEM Database Control in Oracle Restart to be started and stopped when the database server is cycled. Oracle Restart appears to be a feature in Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c and will be something I research in a future article.
Changing Your Oracle Database Environment Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server and the Oracle Database software are installed in two separate Oracle home environments as described in the Oracle Configuration section to this guide. When performing database administration tasks on the machine, it may be necessary to switch between these two Oracle home environments from a terminal session. This requires modifying environment variables like ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_SID, PATH,LD_LIBRARY_PATH, etc. Although this can be done manually at
the command line, it can get old real quick. Instead you can use a single command line script to switch between all database environments declared in your/etc/oratab file.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ cat /etc/oratab | grep -v '^[#]' | grep -v '^$' +ASM:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid:N testdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y # line added by Agent On Linux, the default location for the scripts used to switch your Oracle environment are located in /usr/local/bin. For example, to switch to the Grid Infrastructure environment, open a terminal window as the oracle user and set the environment to use the Oracle Home for Oracle Grid Infrastructure with . oraenv and enter the ORACLE_SID+ASM when prompted.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [testdb1] ? +ASM The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid is /u01/app/oracle To switch back to the Oracle Database home environment, enter the name of the Oracle SID for the example database.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [+ASM] ? testdb1 The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 is /u01/app/oracle Notice that in the above example, we didn't just run the oraenv script, but rather, we sourced it by using a dot followed by a space and then the script name oraenv. When sourcing the oraenv script, it will prompt you for theORACLE_SID, (defined in your /etc/oratab file), you want to switch to. In the above example, if an entry exists for +ASM and testdb1, then all Oracle related environment variables would be set to access the Oracle home environment associated with that entry. Manage Oracle ASM Disk Groups Use the asmcmd command-line utility to manage Oracle ASM disk group files and directories. Open a new terminal session as the oracle user account and set the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server environment. For example, use ASMCMD to list the disk groups for the Oracle ASM instance.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ORACLE_SID=+ASM [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ export ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg Use asmcmd lsdg [group] to list all diskgroups and their information. If [group] is specified, then return only information on that group. The command also informs the user if a rebalance is currently under way for a diskgroup. This command queries V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT by default, which can be modified by the --discovery flag and V$ASM_DISKGROUP will be used instead.
Troubleshooting
This section contains a short list of common errors (and solutions) that can be encountered during the Oracle installation described in this article. Default Listener Creation Failure in Grid Infrastructure Home When installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server, it is required to either unset the $TNS_ADMIN environment variable or set it appropriately for the Grid Infrastructure environment ($GRID_HOME/network/admin) before starting the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI). For example, if $TNS_ADMIN is set for the Oracle Database home environment ($ORACLE_HOME/network/admin), the Oracle Net Services Configuration (NETCA) will silently fail with the following error when run as part of the Grid Infrastructure root.sh script.
Oracle Net Services Configuration: Configuring Listener:LISTENER ListenerException: Could not save listener: TNS-04415: File i/o error caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora (No such file or dire Listener configuration complete. Oracle Net Listener Startup: Running Listener Control: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER Listener Control complete. Listener started successfully. ProfileException: Could not save Profile: TNS-04415: File i/o error caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora (No such file or direct Profile configuration complete. Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0 When NETCA fails, no output of the error is written to the terminal session when running the Grid Infrastructure root.sh scrip. The root.sh script configures and starts the Oracle Net Listener and Oracle ASM components but only registers the Oracle ASM component in the Oracle Restart configuration. The default listener does get created and run in Grid home; however, it does not get associated with the Oracle ASM component.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ srvctl config asm ASM home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid ASM listener was not found
PRCA-1032 : ASM listener LISTENER does not exist Spfile: +TESTDB1_DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.772632389 ASM diskgroup discovery string: [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ pgrep -lf lsnr 8579 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit If this error goes unnoticed and does not get corrected, you will receive an error using DBCA when selecting to enable Oracle Enterprise Manager. Oracle Restart enabled database creation requires Default listener configured and running in Grid Infrastructure home. Use NETCA in Grid Infrastructure home - "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid" to configure a listener before proceeding.
The Oracle Net Listener created by the Grid Infrastructure installer (through root.sh) will need to be dropped and recreated using NETCA. From the Grid Infrastructure home environment, stop the currently running Oracle Net Listener and either unset $TNS_ADMIN or set it appropriately for the Grid Infrastructure home environment (/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin) as described in the login script for the Oracle user account.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [testdb1] ? +ASM The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid is /u01/app/oracle [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-JAN-2012 16:55:23 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) The command completed successfully [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ TNS_ADMIN=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ export TNS_ADMIN
Start NETCA and run through the process of creating a default Oracle Net Listener named LISTENER running on the default port 1521.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ netca &

Screen Name Welcome Listener Action Oracle Net Listener Name Select Protocols TCP/IP Protocol More Listeners? Listener Configuration Done Welcome Select Naming Methods Naming Methods Configuration Done Welcome Response Select Listener configuration. Select what you want to do: Add Screen Shot
Listener name: LISTENER
Selected protocols: TCP
Select Use the standard port number of 1521
Would you like to configure another listener? No
Listener configuration complete! Click [Next] to continue. You will be returned to the Welcome screen. Select Naming Methods configuration.
Selected Naming Methods: Local Naming
Naming Methods configuration complete! Click [Next] to continue. You will be returned to the Welcome screen.
Click [Finish] to exit the NETCA.
Can't locate CompEMdbconsole.pm when running emctl Make certain that the PATH is configured to find emctl from $ORACLE_HOME/bin and not from $GRID_HOME/bin. Running $GRID_HOME/bin/emctl will result in the following error.
[oracle@testnode1 ~]$ emctl status dbconsole Can't locate CompEMdbconsole.pm in @INC (@INC contains: %s_javapOracleHome%/sysman/admin/s %s_javapOracleHome%/bin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib/5.10.0/i686-linux-thr /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib/5.10.0 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/pe /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib/site_perl/5.10.0/i686-linux-thread-multi
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib/site_perl/5.10.0 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib/site_perl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/libwww-perl/lib /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/ext/POSIX /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/URI /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/HTML_Parser /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/HTML-Parser/lib /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/sysman/admin/scripts /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/bin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/sysman/admin/scripts/Net-DNS-0.48/lib/ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/sysman/admin/scripts/libnet-1.19/ .) at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/EmctlCommon.pm line 597. [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ which emctl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/emctl [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [+ASM] ? testdb1 The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 is /u01/app/oracle [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ which emctl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl [oracle@testnode1 ~]$ emctl status dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://testnode1.idevelopment.info:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running. -----------------------------------------------------------------Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/testnode1.idevelop
About the Author

Jeffrey Hunter is an Oracle Certified Professional, Java Development Certified Professional, Author, and an Oracle ACE. Jeff currently works as a Senior Database Administrator for The DBA Zone, Inc. located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His work includes advanced performance tuning, Java and PL/SQL programming, developing high availability solutions, capacity planning, database security, and physical / logical database design in a UNIX, Linux, and Windows server environment. Jeff's other interests include mathematical encryption theory, programming language processors (compilers and interpreters) in Java and C, LDAP, writing web-based database administration tools, and of course Linux. He has been a Sr. Database Administrator and Software Engineer for over 17 years and maintains his own website site at: http://www.iDevelopment.info. Jeff graduated from Stanislaus State University in Turlock, California, with a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science.
Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Jeffrey M. Hunter. All rights reserved.

All articles, scripts and material located at the Internet address of http://www.idevelopment.info is the copyright of Jeffrey M. Hunter and is protected under copyright laws of the United States. This document may not be hosted on any other site without my express, prior, written permission. Application to host any of the material elsewhere can be made by contacting me at jhunter@idevelopment.info.
I have made every effort and taken great care in making sure that the material included on my web site is technically accurate, but I disclaim any and all responsibility for any loss, damage or destruction of data or any other property which may arise from relying on it. I will in no case be liable for any monetary damages arising from such loss, damage or destruction.
Last modified on Friday, 10-Feb-2012 13:42:48 EST Page Count: 73

Oracle 11g Rac On Linux Using Oracle ASM

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Oracle 11g Rac On Linux Using Oracle ASM

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DBA Tips Archive for Oracle

Install Oracle Database 11g R2 on Linux using Oracle ASM - (OL5)

Oracle ASM Volumes

ASM Redun External External

Oracle Software Components

tructure for a Standalone Server

Oracle Database Names

tructure for a Standalone Server

Oracle Software Paths

Oracle Software Paths

me directory for Oracle Grid Infrastructure

me directory for Oracle Database

Install the Linux Operating System

32-bit (x86) Installations

Install Oracle Linux

Welcome to Oracle Linux Language Selection

Storage Device Warning

Select System Drive(s)

Disk Partitioning Layout

Oracle Linux Installation

Oracle Linux Installation

Prefix (Netmask) Enable IPv6 support

Package Group Selection

Desktop Environments GNOME Desktop Environment

Oracle Linux Installation

Development Development Libraries Development Tools Legacy Software Development

Servers Server Configuration Tools

Post Installation Wizard Welcome Screen

Oracle Linux Installation

Date and Time

Sound Card Additional CDs

Install Required Linux Packages for Oracle

Create oracle User and Directories

OS Users Assigned to this Group

oinstal l dba oper asmadmi n asmdba asmoper

501 502 503 504 505 506

OSDBA OSOPER OSASM

[root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1 [root@testnode1

~]# ~]# ~]# ~]# ~]# ~]# ~]#

Item in limits.conf nofile nproc

Soft Limit at least 1024 at least 2047 at least 10240 KB

oracle oracle oracle

soft hard soft

nproc nproc nofile

2047 16384 1024

Configure the Linux Operating System for Oracle

[root@testnode1 ~]# free

total Mem: 4020892 -/+ buffers/cache: Swap: 6258680

used 1209360 234152 0

free 2811532 3786740 6258680

testnode1 localhost.localdomain localhost

it will need to be removed as shown below:

<IP-address> For example.

localhost.localdomain localhost testnode1.idevelopment.info testnode1

[root@testnode1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off

Configure Disks for Oracle ASM

Next, download the ASMLib tools. oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.i386.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm

64-bit (x86_64) Installations

Next, download the ASMLib tools. oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm configure

[root@testnode1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk DATAVOL1 /dev/sdc1

Download Oracle Software