ITC Angga Febrian Sahid - 13771 - Ilkom IUP

Information Technology Contemporary
Angga Febrian Sahid - 11/315564/PA/13771
Computer Science - IUP

Lecturer: Dr. Azhari M.T.
Universitas Gadjah Mada

CHAPTER: 8
Source book
Discovering Computers 2011

Living in a Digital World
Gary B. Shelly Misty E. Vermaat

Contributing Author
A part of Course Technology, Cengage Learning
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Operating System and Utility Programs

Discovering Computers 2011|Operating System And Utility Programs Angga Febrian Sahid |Computer Science-IUP | Universitas Gadjah Mada
Operating System and Utility Programs

System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. There are 2 kind of system software there are Operating system and utility program.
8.1 Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. We can see the scheme picture in the left for the function or position an operating system in a computer. There are some function of operating system such as, booting, provide a user interface, Start and shut down a computer, Provide a user interface, Manage programs, Manage memory, Coordinate tasks, Configure devices, Establish an Internet connection, Monitor performance, Provide utilities, Automatically update itself. Those are a few function of operating system. Manage program, how an operating system handle some program is can directly affects your productivity. Its can depend to the kind of operating system, is it a multi-tasking operating system or not. What is multi tasking? Multi tasking is a function that can make an operating system running a few programs in same time. Many of the first operating systems were device dependent and proprietary. A device dependent program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer.
Proprietary software is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer model. Some operating systems still are device dependent. The trend today, however, is toward device-independent operating systems that run on computers provided by a variety of manufacturers. The advantage of device independent operating systems is you can retain existing application soft ware and data files even if you change computer models or vendors. a. Stand-Alone Operating system A stand-alone operating system is a operating complete system
that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device. Some stand-alone operating systems are called client operating systems because they also work in conjunction with a server operating system. Client operating systems can operate with or without a network. Other stand-alone operating systems include networking capabilities, allowing the home and small business user to set up a small network. Examples of currently used stand-alone operating systems are Windows 7, Mac OS X, UNIX, and Linux. The following pages briefly discuss these operating systems.
There is a few Description about one of stand-alone operating system. 1. Mac OS Since it was released in 1984 with Macintosh computers, Apples Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use and has been the model for most of the new GUIs developed for non-Macintosh systems. The latest version, Mac OS X, is amulti tasking operating system available only for computers manufactured by Apple .Mac OS X includes features from previous versions of the Macintosh operating system such as large photo-quality icons, built-in networking support, e-mail, chat, online shopping, enhanced speech recognition, optical disc burning, and enhanced multimedia capabilities.
2. Windows 7 In the mid-1980s, Microsoft developed its first version of Windows, which provided a graphical user interface (GUI). Since then, Microsoft continually has updated its Windows operating system, incorporating innovative features and functions with each subsequent version windows 7 is Microsofts fastest, most efficient operating system to up, recovery, security, searching and easy to date, offering built-in improved enhanced and use quicker program start diagnostics, automatic
organizing capabilities, interface.
3. LINUX Linux is one of the faster growing operating systems. Linux (pronounced LINN-uks), introduced in 1991, is a popular, multitasking UNIXtype operating system. In addition to the basic operating system, Linux also includes many free programming languages and utility programs. Linux is not proprietary software like the operating systems discussed thus far. Instead, Linux is open source software, which means its code is provided for use, modification, a redistribution. It has no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification of the softwares internal instructions and redistribution of the software. Many programmers have donated time to modify and redistribute Linux to make it the best possible version of UNIX. Promoters of open source software state two main advantages: users who modify the software share their improvements with others, and customers can personalize the software to meet their needs. Read Ethics & Issues 8-2 for a related discussion. Linux is available in a variety of forms, known as distributions. Some distributions of Linux are command-line. Others are GUI b. Server Operating System A server operating system is an operating system that is designed specifically to support a network. A server operating system typically resides on a server. The client computers on the network rely on the server(s) for resources. Many of the stand-alone operating systems discussed in the previous section function as clients and work in conjunction with a server operating system. Some of these stand-alone operating systems do include networking this distribution of Linux has a graphical user interface.
Capability; however, server operating systems are designed specifically to support all sizes of networks, including medium- to large-sized businesses and Web servers. Examples of server operating systems include Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, and NetWare. c. Embedded Operating system An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded computer systems. These operating systems are designed to be compact, efficient, and reliable, forsaking many functions that non-embedded computer operating systems provide, and which may not be used by the specialized applications they run. An important difference between most embedded operating systems and desktop operating systems is that the application, including the operating system, is usually statically linked together into a single executable image. Unlike a desktop operating system, the embedded operating system does not load and execute applications. This means that the system is only able to run a single application. Kind of Embedded Operating System is Windows, Embedded CE, Windows, Mobile, Palm OS, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, Google Android, Embedded Linux, Symbian OS,
8.2 Utility Program

A utility program, also called a utility, is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. Most operating systems include several built-in utility programs. Users often buy stand-alone utilities, however, because they offer improvements over those included with the operating system. Functions provided by utility programs include the following: managing files, searching for files, viewing images, uninstalling programs, cleaning up disks, defragmenting disks, backing up files and disks, setting up screen savers, securing a computer from unauthorized access, protecting against viruses, removing spyware and adware, filtering Internet content, compressing files, playing media files, burning optical discs, and maintaining a personal computer.
1. File Manager A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management. Some of the file management functions that a file manager performs are displaying a list of files on a storage medium organizing files in folders; copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders; and creating shortcuts. A folder is a specific named location on a storage medium that contains related documents. A shortcut is an icon on the desktop or in a folder that provides a user with immediate access to a program or file. 2. Search Utility A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify. The criteria could be a word or words contained in a file, date the file was created or modified, size of the file, location of the file, file name, author/ artist, and other similar properties. Search utilities can look through documents, photos, music, and other files on your computer and/ or on the Internet, combining search results in a single location. 3. Uninstaller An uninstaller is a utility that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files. When you install a program, the operating system records the information it uses to run the software in the system files. The uninstaller deletes files and folders from the hard disk, as well as removes program entries from the system files. Operating systems usually provide an uninstaller. 4. Disk Cleanup A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes sunnecessary files. Unnecessary files may include downloaded program files, temporary Internet files, deleted files, and unused program files. Operating systems, such as Windows, include a disk cleanup utility.
5. Disk Defragmenter A disk defragmenter is a utility that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computers hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster. When an operating system stores data on a disk, it places the data in the first available sector on the disk. It attempts to place data in sectors that are contiguous (next to each other), but this is not always possible. When the contents of a file are scattered across two or more noncontiguous sectors, the file is fragmented. Fragmentation slows down disk access and thus the performance of the entire computer. Defragmenting the disk, or reorganizing it so that the files are stored in contiguous sectors, solves this problem. Operating systems usually include a disk defragmenter. Windows Disk Defragmenter is available in the System Tools list. 6. Screen Saver Screen saver is a utility that causes a display devices screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified time. When you press a key on the keyboard or move the mouse, the screen saver disappears and the screen return to the previous state.
7. Antivirus Programs The term, computer virus, describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without the users knowledge or permission. Once the virus is in a computer, it can spread throughout and may damage your files and operating system. 8. Spyware and Adware Removers Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the users knowledge that secretly collects information about the user, often related to Web browsing habits. Spyware can enter a computer as a virus or as a result of a user installing a new program. The spyware program communicates information it collects to an outside source while you are online. Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services. Sometimes, spyware is hidden in adware. A spyware remover is a program that detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs. An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware. Most spyware and adware removers cost less than $50; some are available on the Web at no cost. Some operating systems and antivirus programs include spyware and adware removers. Popular standalone spyware and adware removers include Ad-Aware, Spy Sweeper, Spybot Search and Destroy, and Windows Defender.
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9.
Image Viewer FAQ 8-6 An image viewer is a utility that allows users to display, copy, and print the contents
of a graphics file, such as a photo. With an image viewer, users can see images without having to open them in a paint or image editing program. Most operating systems include an image viewer. Windows image viewer is called Windows Photo Viewer, which also allows you to print and e-mail photos 10. File Compression A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s). A compressed file takes up less storage space than the original file. Compressing files frees up room on the storage media and improves system performance. Attaching a compressed file to an e-mail message, for example, reduces the time needed for file transmission. Uploading and downloading compressed files to and from the Internet reduces the file transmission time. 11. Disc Burning Disc burning software writes text, graphics,audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable CD, DVD, or Blu-ray Disc. This software enables the home user easily to back up contents of their hard disk on an optical disc and make duplicates of uncopyrighted music or movies. Disc burning software usually also includes photo editing, audio editing, and video editing capabilities.
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Information Technology Contemporary

Angga Febrian Sahid - 11/315564/PA/13771

Computer Science - IUP

Universitas Gadjah Mada

Discovering Computers 2011

Gary B. Shelly Misty E. Vermaat

Operating System and Utility Programs

Operating System and Utility Programs

8.1 Operating System

organizing capabilities, interface.

8.2 Utility Program

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