Exercise sheet 4 Symbols: 1. Let a(X) and b(X) represent X is an integer number" and X is a natural number", respectively.

. Symbolize the following sentences: Every natural number is an integer number X b(X) -> a(X) Some integers are natural numbers X (a(X) b(X)) Not every integer is a natural number (X) (a(X)b(X)) There is no greatest natural number (X)(Y) b(X), b(Y), X<=Y 2. Let c(X) mean X is a student" and h(X) mean X studies in UKLA". Translate the following FOL formulas into English (German): X c(X) some X are students X h(X) X (c(X) h(X)) X (h(X) c(X)) X (c(X) h(X)) every X studies in UKLA some X are students and study in UKLA some X study in UKLA and therefore they are students all X are students and therfore study in UKLA

3. Translate the following sentences into FOL, negate them and express the results back in English (math): (a) A B (b) Everyone has a music band she dislikes. (c) Everyone likes someone, but no one likes everyone. 4. The universe of discourse is the set of all people, and p(X, Y ) means X is parent of Y". Are these statements true or false? (a) Y X p(X, Y ) (b) XY p(X, Y ) (c) XY p(X, Y ) (d) XY p(X, Y ) (e) XY p(X, Y ) true false false false true all people have parents no one has all children of the world everyone has parents! if a parent has no child you cant call him/her a parent kids can belong to other parents

5. Write the following problem description in FOL: An organization wants to make a PC. It has 3 CPUs c1, c2 and c3, two all-in-one motherboards m1 and m2. Processors c1 and c2 are compatible with motherboard m1 and processor c3 with motherboard m2. Incompatible processors cannot be used with a motherboard. Moreover, each motherboard has only one processor slot. cpu(c1) cpu(c2) cpu(c3) mb(m1) mb(m2) pc(cpu(X),mb(Y),compatible(X,Y)) compatible(c1,m1) compatible(c2,m1) compatible(c3,m2) 6. For the following domain D = {1,2} and interpretation

determine the truth value of the following formulas: Symbols: XY p(X, Y ) XY p(X, Y ) X p(X, X) X p(1, X) true, p(1,1), p(2,2) false (there is no X so that p(X,Y) can be true for all Y true p(1,1), p(2,2) p(1,1), p(2,2) is true (p(1,2)) is true true true

XY (p(X, Y ) p(Y, X))

7. Given the domain D = {1, 2} consider the following interpretation: assignment of constants a and b:

assignment for function f:

and assignment for predicate P:

determine the truth value of the following formulas: p(a, f(a)) p(b, f(b)) = p(1,1) p(2,2) = true false = false XY ( p(X, Y) p( f(X), f(Y) ) ) = false

p(1,1) p(2,2) = true false = false p(1,2) p(2,2) = true false = false p(2,1) p(1,2) = false true = true p(2,2) p(1,1) = false true = true