Intellect Us Rev 03

Intellectus hiDRILL Integrated Well Training Simulator
eDrilling Solutions AS Koppholen 20 4313 Sandnes Norway Phone +47 51 70 73 00 Fax +47 51 70 73 00 www.eDrillingSolutions.com. NO 993 425 575
-2-
Table of Contents
1. 2. 3. Introduction - Team training on your well ........................................................ 3 Visions for Intellectus, a VR Training Simulator for Drilling ............................ 6 2.1 General ...........................................................................................................6 Description !ntellectus hiDRILL ..................................................................... 7 3.1 Modularity ......................................................................................................7 3.2 Topside............................................................................................................7 3.3 Dynamic Down hole models ...........................................................................8 3.4 Visualization ....................................................................................................9 3.5 Hardware ......................................................................................................10 References .................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Examples/references from comparable projects .........................................12 4.1.1 ENI Kick Tolerance Project ..............................................................12 4.1.2 eDrilling Petromaks Project ............................................................13 4.1.3 Gullfaks UBD Project.......................................................................14 4.1.4 Kvitebjrn MPD Project ..................................................................15 4.1.5 Gullfaks MPD Project ......................................................................16 4.1.6 eDrilling DEMO 2000 Project ..........................................................16 4.1.7 VR Training Simulator for Drilling (Intellectus hiDRILL) ..................17 4.1.8 Oiltec Solutions Simulator deliveries..............................................18 4.2 Publications...................................................................................................19
4.
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 2 of 20
Copyright 2011, eDrilling Solutions AS This document is submitted in confidence and contains proprietary information which shall not be reproduced or transferred to others for the purpose of manufacture, tender or any other intentions without written permission of eDrilling Solutions AS.
-3-
1. Introduction - Team training on your well

Objective: Safer and more cost-effective drilling through simulator training on the actual well to be drilled.
Figure 1 Intellectus hiDRILL typical setup
How: Load the drilling plan into the Simulator Define scenarios for training Let the team solve the challenge o Driller o Assistant Driller o Toolpusher o Company man o Drilling Supervisor o Subcontractors
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 3 of 20
-4-
Benefits with Intellectus: Intellectus contains a dynamic model that models the time development of the drilling, and also takes into account dynamic effects like inertia, acceleration and retardation, effects of temperature and pressure changes downhole on flow, string, well stability and pore pressures. This enables: Simulation of fingerprinting; flowback effect in deep water wells. Possible to train on interpretations of fingerprinting and differentiating between influx and no influx. Simulation of dynamic surge & swab effects while running pipes and completions. This realizes to train on safe tripping and connection procedures. Dynamic kick development is modeled. This is realistic compared to simplified static models. o Train on effects of gas in riser and how this will develop and can be handled. Simulates dynamic developments of pressure losses in choke & kill lines. Enables to train on safe procedures and realistic responses while doing well control. Simulation of effects of dynamic temperature changes on mud properties and cuttings transport. Enables to train on effects of low mud temperatures at the mudline and how to improve cuttings transport in deep and cold risers. Realistic feedback on ROP and WOB Intellectus will enable realistic training on the following: Drilling and tripping operations Stripping operations Connections Multi fluid operations Well control (kick and losses) TTRD (Through Tubing Rotary Drilling) MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) HPHT (High Pressure High Temperature ERD (Extended Reach Drilling) This training simulator can easily be modified for the Well systems used on specific rigs or on other assets.
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 4 of 20
-5-
Focus Focus in the training simulator will be to improve the ability to identify potential serious problems early and learn to rectify the operations accordingly. Learning from technical side track episodes will have high priority. This will contribute to the improvement of: Efficiency, quality and safety through better process understanding, skills and team work Companys ability to implement new technology Exchange of experience between drilling crews Implementation of company strategy The following elements are necessary to reach the objectives: Integrated Drilling Simulator (IDS) IDS represents the true physics and is Dynamic Integration with Mechanical Earth Model & Data 3D Visualization combined with virtual and/or augmented reality Link to machine control simulator; like hiDRILL Link to company drilling database Very realistic training scenarios
Figure 2 Intellectus infrastructure
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 5 of 20
-6-
2. Visions for Intellectus, a VR Training Simulator for Drilling

2.1 General
The main Idea of the ultimate iTraining/Intellectus is to combine a transient integrated drilling simulator visualized in 3D/virtual reality with a Mechanical Earth Model MEM including 3D geological, 3D geomechanical and 3D reservoir models to develop a very realistic training simulator. Intellectus will be the first step towards realizing this Idea. Extension towards including models for well mechanics and stability and Pore Pressure will be further steps towards the ultimate goal! Future training simulator for well construction should also be seamlessly integrated with a total model & simulator system for planning and execution of operations including a topside rig equipment simulator like hiDRILL, which will allow training of engineers and operators in a Drilling Flight Simulator.
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 6 of 20
-7-
3. Description Intellectus hiDRILL

3.1 Modularity The simulator combines a generic downhole simulator Intellectus with a generic topside simulator hiDRILL. The topside simulator simulates the drill floor equipment, mud pits, flow lines, standpipe and choke manifolds and BOP operation and the downhole simulator simulates the downhole drilling process and effects; related to for example pressure and multi fluid & multi-phase flow, torque/drag, well control & kick simulation etc. The downhole features of the simulator are the most important features to facilitate advanced drilling training, and the topside simulator has therefore been implemented in a familiar and simple fashion for the drilling personnel. 3.2 Topside The interface between the two simulators is generic and can be extended to allow simulation of other equipment, processes and tools. The topside simulator hiDRILL can be exchanged for another more advanced instance, eg. replicating the control system, drillfloor and equipment of a specific rig.
Figure 3 Typical drillfloor layout
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 7 of 20
-8-
3.3 Dynamic Down hole models The down hole model supplied by eDrilling Solutions calculates realistic effects due to change in drilling parameters. The model has been developed based on the requirements of today for a model which can be used for planning, training, for real time calculations during operations and for experience transfer:
Figure 4 Models used for different stages The model developments have been done by personnel with long experiences with developing models for design. New requirements include flexibility and easiness to include any flow combination and direction; calculation speed requirements to be fast enough to model operations in real time as well as performing automatic calibration and forward looking modeling. The flow model includes all relevant flow operations and characteristics in one model (single phase drilling, multiple fluids during displacements and cementing and multi-phase flow during well control and MPD/UBD operations).
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 8 of 20
-9-
3.4 Visualization The 3D visualization of the processes in the well bore can be extended into areas such as visualizing the usage of tools, volumetric formations, visualizing geo-steering, virtual reality visualization and animations of the downhole process. The simulator provides great flexibility in configuring the rig equipment-, well- and formation properties. The instructor station application provides means for the instructor to set up scenarios and store them for future use as well as means to execute and monitor said scenarios. The instructor station uses a familiar Graphics User Interface and facilitates easily adding new equipment or modules to the simulator that can be configured through the instructor application.
Figure 5 Typical Visualization
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 9 of 20
- 10 -
3.5 Hardware The simulator hardware setup focuses on visualization and facilitation of communication between the drilling team members. The driller and assistant driller will not only face a view of the drillfloor, but can use two projectors to view 3D or 2D data visualization of the processes in the well bore. The hardware configuration can be changed to accommodate varying needs; the projectors can all show views of the drillfloor or other information, the driller- and assistant drillers chairs may be replaced with other types, the MPD control station can be collocated in the drillers cabin or placed in another room to facilitate communications over intercom or similar means. MPD control system can be replaced with other manufacturers etc.
Figure 6 Hardware layout alternative 1 (Driller chars and screens in a room)
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 10 of 20
- 11 -
Figure 7 Hardware layout alternative 2 (Dome)
Figure 8 Hardware layout alternative 3 (Drillers cabin mockup)
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 11 of 20
- 12 -
Figure 9 Typical User screens Driller
4. References
4.1 Examples/references from comparable projects 4.1.1 ENI Kick Tolerance Project SINTEF has developed the ENI Kick Tolerance and Kill Circulation Tool in a project for ENI completed in 2008. This software tool has the following basis: An advanced kick simulator developed from the SINTEF flow model. An advanced PVT module based on Equation-Of-State EOS technology, which computes the PVT properties of any gas-oil-mud mixture as a function of pressure and temperature. Kick Tolerance module computing the real kick tolerance with current mud and well properties and utilizing the realistic kick model for calculations. Creates nonconservative tolerances.
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 12 of 20
- 13 -
4.1.2 eDrilling Petromaks Project SINTEF, with cooperation partners HPD, Aker MH and First Interactive, developed and tested the eDrilling System for ConocoPhillips / Ekofisk and Petromaks. eDrilling is a new and innovative system for real time drilling simulation, 3D visualization and control from a remote drilling expert centre. The concept uses all available real time drilling data (surface and downhole) in combination with real time modelling to monitor and optimize the drilling process. This information is used to visualize the wellbore in 3D in real time. The system is composed of the following elements, some of which are unique and ground-breaking: An advanced and fast Integrated Drilling Simulator which is capable to model the different drilling sub-processes dynamically, and also the interaction between these sub-processes in real time. The Integrated Drilling Simulator is used for automatic forward-looking during drilling, and can be used for what-if evaluations as well. Automatic quality check and corrections of drilling data; making them suitable for processing by computer models. Real time supervision methodology for the drilling process using time based drilling data as well as drilling models / the integrated drilling simulator. Methodology for diagnosis of the drilling state and conditions. This is obtained from comparing model predictions with measured data. Advisory technology for more optimal drilling. A Virtual Wellbore, with advanced visualization of the downhole process. A new generation visualization system designed to integrate all participants involved, will enable enhanced collaboration of all drilling and well activities in a global environment. Data flow and computer infrastructure.
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 13 of 20
- 14 -
Figure 10 Topology for eDrilling system See references 10, 11 and 12 for information. 4.1.3 Gullfaks UBD Project SINTEF worked closely with Statoil in the planning and operational phases of the Gullfaks UBD Project.
Figure 11 Gullfaks
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 14 of 20
- 15 -
The SINTEF Flow model was extensively used in preparations as well as during operations real time in order to manage pressures in the wellbore within safe margins. See references 2, 3, 4, 5 and 25. 4.1.4 Kvitebjrn MPD Project A novel MPD setup has been tested and used at the Kvitebjrn field in the North Sea to make possible the drilling of 8.5" holes through reservoirs with heavily depleted zones. A central part of the concept has been to use an advanced dynamic flow and temperature model (SINTEF Flow model) in combination with an automatic choke system to control open hole pressure very accurately.
Figure 12 Kvitebjrn The system with the Flow Model has proven its potential for minimal variations in pressure at a given open hole position, with accurate automatic pressure control in wells were margins are very small, smaller than frictional pressure losses added when circulating at drilling rate. See references 7 & 8.
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 15 of 20
- 16 -
4.1.5 Gullfaks MPD Project On the Gullfaks an automatic MPD system with model based automatic choke control has been implemented with very good results. SINTEF Flow Model was used to control the ECD during very complex operations; see reference 9. 4.1.6 eDrilling DEMO 2000 Project eDrilling DEMO 2000 Project is supported by ConocoPhillips, Total, eDS and NFR. This project pilots eDrilling on wells on Hild field and Ekofisk field. SINTEF transient models are coupled to the drilling in real time and providing decision support during operations. See references 11 & 12 for info on the pilot on the HPHT Hild field,
Figure 13 West Phoenix (used at HILD)
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 16 of 20
- 17 -
4.1.7 VR Training Simulator for Drilling (Intellectus hiDRILL) Delivery of an advanced training simulator with focus of handling downhole drilling problems (Intellectus), also including a generic rig flor simulator (hiDRILL) to Statoil, Also included in the contract was a 3 years frame agreement to deliver team training on Drill ahead Circulation Tripping Connection Reaming Static (no drilling & no flow) Well Control Managed Pressure Drilling Complex Drilling Operations Cementing and Displacements Completions Well Intervention
Figure 14 Simulator layout Statoil frame agreement
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 17 of 20
- 18 -
4.1.8 Oiltec Solutions Simulator deliveries Oiltec Solutions have a long track record in the simulator industry. The last ten years the company has focused on being a turn-key manufacturer of drilling simulators and offshore- and harbour crane simulators and have introduced several breakthrough technologies into the market place. Currently the focus is on serving training solutions to the oil and gas industry together with strong partners, like eDrilling Solutions and Maersk Training. 4.1.8.1 Drilling simulators Phillips 2/4-x Pride International Reading & Bates Navis Explorer Amethyst Reading & Bates (Transocean upgrade) Esso Ringhorne Santa Fe Jack-up BP Clair Esso Ringhorne Upgrade I Esso Ringhorne Upgrade II Generic hiDRILL DSS-21 (Dual drill-floor) Awilco Drilling GSF/NOV 4.1.8.2 Crane simulators Offshore Crane Simulator Offshore Crane Simulator Offshore Crane Simulator Offshore Crane Simulator Offshore Crane Simulator Offshore Crane Simulator Offshore Crane Simulator Offshore Crane Simulator
1996 1998 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Phillips Petr. Co. Norway Pride International Reading & Bates Navis Petrobras Reading & Bates Exxon Mobil Santa Fe BP Exxon Mobil Exxon Mobil National Oilwell, Houston Maersk O&G, Singapore Awilco Drilling, Stavanger eDrilling, Stavanger Norway NOV Houston, USA
2001 2002 2003 2003 2004 2006 2007 2009
SMS - Norway STC - Holland RKS Norway Sonangol Angola NPS - Thailand Maersk O&G - Denmark CNOOC China Rowan - UK
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 18 of 20
- 19 -
MORE THAN 30+ HARBOUR CRANE SIMULATORS WORLD WIDE: DPWorld APM Terminals PSA STC Group Etc.
4.2 Publications
1. Petersen, J., Rommetveit, R., Bjrkevoll, K. S, Fryen, J., A General Dynamic Model for Single and Multiphase Flow Operations during Drilling, Completion, Well Control and Intervention, IADC/SPE 114688, IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, Indonesia, August 25-27, 2008 Knut S. Bjrkevoll, Rolv Rommetveit, Arnfinn Rnneberg, and Bendik Larsen: Successful Field Use of Advanced Dynamic Models, IADC/SPE 99075, presented at the IADC/SPE Drilling Conference in Miami, Florida, 2123 February 2006. Eck-Olsen, J., Pettersen, P.-J., Rnneberg, A., Bjrkevoll, K. S., and Rommetveit, R.: Managing pressures during underbalanced cementing by choking the return flow; innovative design and operational modeling as well as operational lessons, paper SPE/IADC 92568 presented at the 2005 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 23-25. Knut S. Bjrkevoll, Rolv Rommetveit, Arnfinn Rnneberg, and Bendik Larsen: Successful Field Use of Advanced Dynamic Models, IADC/SPE 99075, presented at the IADC/SPE Drilling Conference in Miami, Florida, 2123 February 2006. Bjrkevoll, K. S., Rommetveit, R., Eck-Olsen, J., and Rnneberg, A.: Innovative Design, Operational Modelling and Lessons learned for Pressure Management during Underbalanced Cementing with Choked Return Flow, presented at the Offshore Mediterranean Conference and Exhibition in Ravenna, Italy, March 16-18, 2005. Rommetveit, R., Bjrkevoll, K.S., Petersen, J., Stave, R., Brakstad, B., Eilertsen, J., Syrstad, B., Lage, A., Nogueira, E.: A novel, unique dual gradient drilling system for deep water drilling: CMP, has been proven by means of a transient flow simulator, IBP1400-06, Rio Oil & Gas Expo and Conference, Rio de Janeiro, 11-14 September 2006. Svein Sylty, Svein Erik Eide, Steinar Torvund, Per Cato Berg, Tore Larsen, Helge Fjeldberg, Knut Steinar Bjrkevoll, John McCaskill, Ole Iacob Probensen, Eric Low: Highly Advanced Multi-Technical MPD Concept Extends Achievable HPHT Targets in the North Sea, SPE 114484, presented at the 2008 SPE/IADC Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition in Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2829 January 2008. Knut S. Bjrkevoll, Dag Ove Molde, Rolv Rommetveit, and Svein Sylty: MPD Operation Solved Drilling Challenges in a Severely Depleted HP/HT Reservoir, SPE 112739, SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Orlando, Florida, 4-6 March 2008. Knut S Bjrkevoll, Svein Hovland, Ingvill B. Aas and Alfrid E. Vollen; Successful Use of Real Time Dynamic Flow Modelling to Control a Very Challenging Managed Pressure Drilling Operation in the North Sea, SPE/IADC 115118, SPE/IADC Managed Pressure Drilling and UB Operations Conference & Exhibition, 24-25 February 2010, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Rolv Rommetveit, Knut S. Bjrkevoll, Sven Inge degrd, Mike Herbert, and George W. Halsey. Automatic Real-Time Drilling Supervision, Simulation, 3D Visualization and Diagnosis on Ekofisk IADC/SPE 112533. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, Orlando, Florida, 4-6 March 2008. 11. Rommetveit, R., degrd, S. I., Nordstrand C., Bjrkevoll, K. S., Cerasi, P., Helset, H. M., Fjeldheim, M., Hvardstein, S. T., Drilling a challenging HPHT well utilizing an advanced ECD Management System with
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 19 of 20
- 20 -
decision support and real time simulations, IADC/SPE 128648, Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 2-4 February 2010.
IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and
12. Rommetveit, R, degrd, S. I., Nordstrand, C.; Bjrkevoll, K. S., Cerasi, P., Helset, H. M., Li, L., Fjeldheim, M. and Hvardstein, S. T.,Real Time Integration of ECD, Temperature, Well Stability and Geo/Pore Pressure Simulations during drilling a challenging HPHT well, SPE 127809, SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2325 March 2010. 13. Xiaojun He and ge Kyllingstad; SPE 25370; SPE Drilling & Completion, March 1995, pp. 10-15 14. C. A. Johancsik et al. SPE 11380, Journal of Petroleum Technology (1984), p. 987-992. 15. Xiaojun He, George W. Halsey and ge Kyllingstad; SPE 30521; SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, 22-25 October 1995. 16. Petersen, J., Bjrkevoll, K. S., Lekvam, K. Computing the Danger of Hydrate Formation Using a Modified Dynamic Kick Simulator, SPE/IADC 67749, SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 27 - March 1, 2001 17. Kemp, N. P., Thomas, D. C., Atkinson, G., Atkinson, B. L., Density Modeling for Brines as a Function of Composition, Temperature, and Pressure, SPE Production Engineering, pps. 394-400, November 1989. 18. Hemphill, T., Campos, W., Pilehvari, A., Yield-Power Law Model More Accurately Predicts Mud Rheology, Oil and Gas Journal 91, no. 34, pps. 45-50, August 23, 1993 19. Wallis, G. B., One-dimensional Two-phase Flow, McGraw-Hill, 1969 20. Rommetveit, R. The RF Kick Simulator - A Well Control Engineering Tool Based on Advanced Research, presented at the Sixth Annual Two Day Conference, Offshore Drilling Technology, Nov. 25-26, 1992. 21. Corre, B., Eymard, R., Guenot, R. Numerical Computation of Temperature Distribution in a Wellbore While Drilling, SPE 13208, 59th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, USA, Sept.16-19, 1984 22. Greenbaum, A., Routines for Solving Large Sparse Linear Systems, Lawrence Livermore Nat. Laboratory, Livermore Computing Center, Tentacle, pp 15-21., January 1986 23. Pedersen, K.S., Milter, J., Srensen, H. Cubic Equations of State Applied to HT/HP and Highly Aromatic Fluids, SPE Journal, pps. 186- 192, June 2004 24. Civan, F., Including Non-equilibrium Effects in Models for Rapid Multiphase Flow in Wells, SPE 90583, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, USA, September 26-29, 2004. 25. Rommetveit, R., Fjelde, K.K., Fryen, J., Bjrkevoll,K.S., Boyce, G. and Eck-Olsen, J.: Use of Dynamic Modeling in Preparations for the Gullfaks C-5A Well, SPE/IADC 91243, presented at the 2004 SPE/IADC Underbalanced Technology Conference and Exhibition held in Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 1112 October 2004. 26. Fjr, E., Holt, R.M., Nes, O.-M. and Snsteb, E.F., 2002:Mud Chemistry Effects on Time-Delayed Borehole Stability Problems in Shales. SPE/ISRM 78163.
27. Fjr, E., Holt, R.M., Horsrud, P., Raaen, A.M. & Risnes, R.: Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics,
Developments in Petroleum Sciences, Elsevier, 2 edition, 2008. 28. M. Lthje, H. M. Helset, and S. Hovland: New Integrated Approach for Updating Pore-Pressure Predictions During Drilling, SPE paper 124295 presented at the 2009 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 47 October 2009
nd
20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 20 of 20

Intellect Us Rev 03

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Intellect Us Rev 03

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Intellectus hiDRILL Integrated Well Training Simulator

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 2 of 20

1. Introduction - Team training on your well

Figure 1 Intellectus hiDRILL typical setup

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 3 of 20

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 4 of 20

Figure 2 Intellectus infrastructure

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 5 of 20

2. Visions for Intellectus, a VR Training Simulator for Drilling

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 6 of 20

3. Description Intellectus hiDRILL

Figure 3 Typical drillfloor layout

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 7 of 20

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 8 of 20

Figure 5 Typical Visualization

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 9 of 20

Figure 6 Hardware layout alternative 1 (Driller chars and screens in a room)

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 10 of 20

Figure 7 Hardware layout alternative 2 (Dome)

Figure 8 Hardware layout alternative 3 (Drillers cabin mockup)

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 11 of 20

Figure 9 Typical User screens Driller

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 12 of 20

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 13 of 20

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 14 of 20

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 15 of 20

Figure 13 West Phoenix (used at HILD)

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 16 of 20

Figure 14 Simulator layout Statoil frame agreement

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 17 of 20

2001 2002 2003 2003 2004 2006 2007 2009

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 18 of 20

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 19 of 20

IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and

20020-QOT-001 Rev. 2 Page 20 of 20

Você também pode gostar