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PROJECT PROPOSAL-1 ON AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT CKT

INTRODUCTION: The circuit diagram present here is that of a street light that automatically switches ON when the night falls and turns OFF when the sun rises. In fact you can this circuit for implementing any type of automatic night light. AIM: The aim of this presentation is to apprise you about the automatic street light ckt.

MAIN COMPONENTS: a. b. c. d. e. f. DC Source SPDT Relay Controlling/switching ckt Fuse AC main 230Volt Lamp 230V

WORKING PRINCIPLE: The circuit uses a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to sense the light .When there is light the resistance of LDR will be low. So the voltage drop across POT R2 will be high.This keeps the transistor Q1 ON. The collector of Q1(BC107) is coupled to base of Q2(SL100). So Q2 will be OFF and so do the relay. The bulb will remain OFF.

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When night falls the resistance of LDR increases to make the voltage across the POT R2 to decrease below 0.6V. This makes transistor Q1 OFF which in turn makes Q2 ON. The relay will be energized and the bulb will glow.

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

DC SOURCE 9V DC

SPDT RELAY

FUSE

AC MAIN

CONTROLLING/ SWITCHING CKT

LAMP 230 Volt

APPROX COST:
a. b.

c. d. e.
f.

g.
h. i.

SPDT Relay tk 5000/= Resistor(02) tk 500/= Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) tk 1000/= Transistor(02) tk 500/= Variable Resistor tk 1000/= Fuse tk 500/= DC source tk 5000/= LAMP tk 1000/= Miscellaneous tk 15000/= Total tk 29500/=

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UTILITY: This project will be very helpful for study and plan for bigger project to save electrical energy.

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PROJECT PROPOSAL-2 ON AUTOMATIC STAIRCASE LIGHT

INTRODUCTION: Good thing about this circuit is that the user needs to push the button only ones : To turn the light on. The light will turn automatically OFF after some time, since the switching OFF mechanism is timer based. Also note that the "push to on" switch is used here, this should be momentarily pushed to turn the light on. AIM: The aim of this project is to apprise you about automatic staircase light. MAIN COMPONENTS: a. b. c. d. e. Resistors Integrated Circuit Relay Capacitor Miscellaneous

WORKING PRINCIPLE: This is also a push-to-on, and auto-OFF circuit. User needs to push the button only ones : To turn the light on. The light will turn automatically OFF after some time, since the switching OFF mechanism is times based. Also note that the push to on switch is used here, this should be momentarily pushed to turn the light on. When the button is pushed, relay
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gets triggered and charges capacitor C1. After release, the capacitor starts discharging through resistor R1. Since the R1 is of large value, C1 takes sometime to get discharge. After C1s discharge relays turns off automatically. Good thing about this circuit is that, the circuit doesnt consume any power it is not being used. This saves energy and increases battery life. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

SOURCE (9Volt DC)

PUSH-TOON SWITCH

RELAY

SWITCHING/ CONTROLLING CKT

BULB 9 V

APPROX COST: a. b. c. d. e. f. Resistors Integrated circuit Capacitor Relay Light Miscellaneous Total UTILITY: This circuit will be helpful for the students of different IT packages having electrical and electronics background. PROJECT PROPOSAL-3
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tk 5000/= tk 1000/= tk 5000/= tk 10,000/= tk 500/= tk 10,000/= tk 31,500/=

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ON SIMULATION OF 12V LIGHT DARK SWITCH

INTRODUCTION Often, for certain low voltage lighting systems; you would like to turn off the lights during the bright light of the day. Most commercial day/night switches are designed for AC lighting. AIM The aim of this presentation is to apprise you about the simulation of light/dark switch. MAIN COMPONENTS: a. b. c. d. e. f. Light source Photo transistor Selector ckt for ambient light sensitivity Controlling/switching ckt Light Miscellaneous

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
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The circuit below was designed for a 12v DC system. But, it could be modified for other voltage as well. It uses an inexpensive phototransistor as the light detector. An n-channel FET is used to switch power to the lights. A transistor circuit is included to provide some hysteresis. This keeps the circuit from fluttering the light during the transition from day to night and night to day. It is recommended that a plastic tube be placed over the transistor to prevent it from being illuminated by the lights it is controlling. By selecting the appropriate power FET, the circuit could control over 100 watts worth of 12v lighting. BLOCK DIAGRAM

LIGHT SOURCE (A 40 watt lamp with dimmer in black box)

PHOTO TRANSISTOR

SLELECTOR CKT FOR AMBIENT LT SENSITIVITY

CONTRLLING/ SWITCHING CKT

LAMP

APPROX COST: a. b. c. d. e. f. Light source Photo transistor Selector ckt Controlling ckt Light Miscellaneous Total tk 5000/= tk 1000/= tk 5000/= tk 10,000/= tk 500/= tk 10,000/= tk 31,500/=

UTILITY:

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Simulation of this circuit will be helpful for the students of different IT packages having electrical and electronics background.

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SYNOPSIS OF TECHNICAL PROJECTS

BA-5900 MAJ KAZI AYUB ALI GOEC-23 EME CENTRE & SCHOOL

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