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ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy.
Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan Chapter IV Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations The data and result of the study relative to the views of the residents of Barangay Camacho as the sources of information regarding the effect of self-medication on their health status are presented, analyzed and interpreted in this chapter. A total of 50 individuals came from Brgy. Camacho of Balanga, Bataan served as the respondents of the study.
1. On possible risk factors of self-medication in terms of over- the- counter drugs. Table #1 which is entitled Self-medication: The effect on the health status among the residents of Barangay Camacho shows the data on the ratings of over-the-counter drugs.
Table 1
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan Weighted Mean of the possible risk-factors of self-medication in terms of over- the- counter drugs. N= 50
Indicators
1. Death has been caused by over-thecounter drugs 2. Tolerance can built up to an over-thecounter drugs 3. When high doses of over-the-counter drugs can cause mood changes. 4. Over-the-counter drugs are intended to treat mild symptoms such as headaches 5. Some over-the-counter drugs relieve pain.
5
8 17 21 21 16
4
20 20 18 16 20
3
13 9 7 8 10 7 3 3 4 3
2
2 1 1 1 1
TOTAL
175 199 205 202 197
WM 3.50
3.98 4.10 4.04 3.94
VD A A
A A A
AWM: 3.91
LEGEND:
SA- Strongly Agree A- Agree N- Neutral SD- Strongly Disagree D- Disagree
VD: A
WM- Weighted Mean VI- Verbal Interpretation AWM- Average Weighted Mean N- Total Population
Based from the table 1, the indicators- 1. Death has been caused by over-thecounter drugs, 2. Tolerance can built up to an over-the-counter drugs, 3. When high doses of over-the-counter drugs can cause mood changes, 4. Over-the-counter drugs are intended to treat mild symptoms such as headaches, 5. Some over-the-counter drugs relieve pain are verbally interpreted as A- Agree. The sub-variable over-the-counter drugs regarding all its indicators garnered an average weighted mean of 3.91 which is verbally described Agree. This means that the over-the-counter drugs as a sub-variable of possible risk-factors of self-medication
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan is 61- 80% capable by the participants further means that the over-the-counter drug gives enough information such as 1. Death has been caused by over-the-counter drugs, 2. Tolerance can built up to an over-the-counter drugs, 3. When high doses of over-thecounter drugs can cause mood changes, 4. Over-the-counter drugs are intended to treat mild symptoms such as headaches, 5. Some over-the-counter drugs relieve pain. The over-the-counter drug is related to this study because there are enable people to relieve many annoying symptoms and to cure some diseases, simply and without the cost of seeing doctor. However, safe use of these drugs requires knowledge, common sense and responsibility. Drugs do not list the full range of possible side effects. As a result many people assume that these drugs have few, if any, side effects. For example the package insert for one analgesic cautions people not to take the drug for more than 10 days for pain. However, the possible serious side effects that can occur with long term use (such as life-threatening bleeding from the digestive tract). Consequently, people with chronic pain or inflammation may take the drug for long time without realizing that such use could lead to serious problems. Make sure you can read and understand the name of the medicine and the directions on the container and on the color-coded warning stickers on the bottle. If the label is hard to read, ask your pharmacist to use larger type. According to World Health Organization (2002) Rational use of medicines refers to the correct, proper and appropriate use of medicines. Rational use requires that patients receive the appropriate medicine, in the proper dose, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community. WHO estimates that more
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan than half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately, and that half of all patients fail to take them accurately. This incorrect use may take the form of overuse, underuse and misuse of prescription or non-prescription medicines. 2. On possible risk factors of self-medication in terms of use of medications Table #2 which is entitled Self-medication: The effect on the health status among the residents of Barangay Camacho shows the data on the ratings of use of medication. Table 2 Weighted Mean of the possible risk-factors of self-medication in terms of use of medication. N= 50 Indicators 5
11
1. It improve levels of health by preventing diseases
4
16 24 18 12 21
3
20 11 15 16 11 3 3 4 4 5
2
0 0 1 1 1
TOTAL
185 195 186 190 188
WM
3.70 3.90 3.72 3.80 3.76
VD A A
A A A
12
2. Provide enough time to evaluate its therapeutic effect.
12
3. Pharmacist do not just answer questions.
17
4. Inappropriate use of may alter its effectiveness
12
5. Overdosage may cause several psychological disorders. AWM: 3.78
LEGEND:
VD: A
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan Based from the table 2, the indicators-1. It improve levels of health by preventing diseases, 2. Provide enough time to evaluate its therapeutic effect, 3. Pharmacist do not just answer questions, 4. Inappropriate use of may alter its effectiveness, 5. Overdosage may cause several psychological disorder are verbally interpreted as A- Agree. The sub-variable use of medication regarding all its indicators garnered an average weighted mean of 3.78 which is verbally described Agree. This means that the use of medication as a sub-variable of possible risk-factors of self-medication is 6180% capable by the participants further means that the use of medication gives enough information such as 1. It improve levels of health by preventing diseases, 2. Provide enough time to evaluate its therapeutic effect, 3. Pharmacist do not just answer questions, 4. Inappropriate use of may alter its effectiveness, 5. Over-dosage may cause several psychological disorder. According to Canber (2005) if it is use correctly, this can significantly improve levels of health by preventing disease, alleviating symptoms, curing illness or assisting in the management of chronic conditions. However, inappropriate use of medication, either singly or in combination, may lead to reduced effectiveness, minor side effects or more serious adverse reaction. According to Wilson (2008) evaluating the benefit of a medication, you must give it enough time to provide its therapeutic effect. Work with your physician, especially in the early weeks of your medication trial, to adjust the dose and to relieve any worries you might have. Most physicians will initiate any of these drugs at a low dose and then
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan increase it slowly according to your response. You will need a trial of several weeks at full dose to determine the benefits. The use of medication is related to this study because patients are encouraged to know their drugs better and utilize them properly. Providers could help patients to correct the wrong drug taking habits, clarify information on drugs that have been taking and amplify the benefits of adherence to drug regimen. Because of undesirable effects of these drugs could be avoided if individuals were educated on how these drugs are taken properly. Some individuals do not know how to take the medicine, so instantly they just take it all over again. Your pharmacist is an important part of your health care team. He or she can answer many questions you may have about your medicine. For example, a pharmacist can tell you how and when to take your medicine, whether a drug may interact with or affect another medicine you are taking, and any side effects you might have. Also, the pharmacist can answer questions about over-the-counter medications. 3. On possible risk factors of self-medication in terms of availability of the drug Table #2 which is entitled Self-medication: The effect on the health status among the residents of Barangay Camacho shows the data on the ratings of availability of the drug Table 3 Weighted Mean of the possible risk-factors of self-medication in terms of availability of the drug.
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan N= 50 Indicators
7 1. Medicines were intended to be available within the context of functioning health system at all times 12 2. Availability of drugs must have adequate amounts and affordable. 21 3. Some prescribed drugs are not mearly available on the supermarket. 16 4. OTC drugs are dispensed without prescriptions 14 5. Non-OTC drugs are dispensed with prescriptions 25 10 1 0 202 4.04 A 20 9 4 0 195 3.90 A 15 12 2 0 205 4.10 A 31 7 0 0 205 4.10
4
26
3
15 2
2
0
TOTAL
188
WM
3.76
VD A
AWM: 3.98
LEGEND:
VD: A
Based from the table 3, the indicators-1. Medicines were intended to be available
within the context of functioning health system at all times, 2. Availability of drugs must have adequate amounts and affordable, 3. Some prescribed drugs are not mearly available on the supermarket, 4. OTC drugs are dispensed without prescriptions, 5. Non-OTC drugs are dispensed with prescriptions are verbally interpreted as A- Agree.
The sub-variable availability of the drug regarding all its indicators garnered an average weighted mean of 3.98 which is verbally described Agree. This means that theavailability of the drug as a sub-variable of possible risk-factors of self-medication is
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan 61- 80% capable by the participants further means that the availability of the drug gives enough information such as 1. Medicines were intended to be available within the context of functioning health system at all times, 2. Availability of drugs must have adequate amounts and affordable, 3. Some prescribed drugs are not mearly available on the supermarket, 4. OTC drugs are dispensed without prescriptions, 5. Non-OTC drugs are dispensed with prescriptions. According to World Health Organization (2003) This were intended to be
available within the context of functioning health system at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality at a price, so that the individual and community can afford. According to Beck (2005) General sale list medicines can be bought, for example, in a supermarket. They are suitable for sale and normal use without supervision or advice from a pharmacist or doctor. Pharmacy medicines can only be obtained from a pharmacy and are sold under the supervision of a pharmacist (Hender 2007). Prescription only medicines must be prescribed by a doctor, dentist, pharmacist or nurse independent prescriber or, subject to certain limitations, an optometrist independent prescriber. With regard to obtaining medicines via the internet, the Agency do urge members of the public who are contemplating buying what may be a prescription only medicine to consult with a healthcare professional rather than buy the medicine direct from a supplier without a prescription. The availability of the drug is related to this study because nowadays economy many Filipinos unknowingly shoulder costs for the brighter-colored, fancy packaging
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan and heavy marketing of labeled drugs. Instead of buying the exact drug they are depending on the other brand which too cheap and surely they can afford it. This is one of the factors why some cases of self-medication had increased because of the poverty. Most of the time, other generic drugs are not too effective, so instead of recovery the body is being resistant to a certain available drug.
4. On health status of self-medication in terms of body condition
Table #4 which is entitled Self-medication: The effect on the health status among the residents of Barangay Camacho shows the data on the ratings of body condition. Table 4 Weighted Mean of health status of self-medication in terms of body condition N= 50
Indicators 8
1. Non medical personnel may need medical expert to know exactly the drug effect.
4 20
3 16 4
2 2
TOTAL 178
WM 3.56
VD A
10
2. Over-the-counter drugs can cause body weakness.
14 21 22 22 VD: A
18 11 5 8
7 3 2 3
1 1 1 1
175 189 208 199
3.50 3.78 4.16 3.98
A A A A
13
3. Other medicines can cause bleeding.
20
4. Overdosage may cause physical problems
16
5. Over-the-counter drugs interacts with other medications.
AWM:3.80
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan
LEGEND:
SA- Strongly Agree A- Agree N- Neutral SD- Strongly Disagree D- Disagree WM- Weighted Mean VI- Verbal Interpretation AWM- Average Weighted Mean N- Total Population
Based from the table 4, the indicators- 1. Non medical personnel may need medical expert to know exactly the drug effect, 2. Over-the-counter drugs can cause body weakness, 3. Other medicines can cause bleeding, 4. Over-dosage may cause physical problems, 5. Over-the-counter drugs interacts with other medications are verbally interpreted as A- Agree. The sub-variable body condition regarding all its indicators garnered an average weighted mean of 3.80 which is verbally described Agree. This means that the body condition as a sub-variable of health status of self-medication is 61- 80% capable by the participants further means that the body condition gives enough information such as 1. Non medical personnel may need medical expert to know exactly the drug effect, 2. Over-the-counter drugs can cause body weakness, 3. Other medicines can cause bleeding, 4. Over-dosage may cause physical problems, 5. Over-the-counter drugs interacts with other medications. According to Hardon A. (2006), Health is a difficult concept to define. There are two opposing models in the concept of health: a negative and a positive model of health. The negative model sees health as the absence of the constraints of illness or the absence of disease. The widely used positive model of health is that of the WHO which defines health as: state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity.
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan The earliest attempt to get inside the mind of a doctor and to treat yourself for a range of disease. However as we've already seen in this article, treating yourself with medication can be highly complicated and there are too many factors to consider meaning something can easily go wrong. The body is a holistic piece of machinery that is highly tuned, and even if you read fully around a medication you won't necessarily know how it's going to affect your body and your own existing conditions/allergies, and you don't know how it might interact with other medications and things around the body. In order to confidently make a decision about which medications to use you really do need to have a complex and full understanding of how the entire body works and interacts or you risk over looking something that could prove to be fatal (Saunders 2005). According to Brookover (2003). It is even more difficult by all of the conflicting information available to us these days. For instance when you look up medications online then often you will find that you come across some information that is well intentioned by just wrong a lot of people for instance rely on Wikipedia which can be edited by anyone and so which is not always a reliable authority on matters. At the same time you are likely to find a lot of information that is aimed at selling things that are in fact just scams magnetic bracelets, homeopathy etc which have scientificsounding descriptions on many websites and in many stores, but that nevertheless are often ineffective. The body condition is related to this study because health is influenced by the physical and social environment, economic conditions, heredity and health services and
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan health in turn influences learning. The piecemeal approach to focus on curative medicine will only lead to a high rate of episodic consultation and self-medication without empowering the young people with the skills of self-care and self-help, and positive health behavior. Mean while the use of something like aspirin for bleeding or with low blood pressure would be a problem as aspiring works by thinning the blood this would then lower blood pressure further and prevent the formation of scabs. Likewise other medications for pain can again have interactions with other medication. So yes, self-medicate with paracetamol and other painkillers if you are experiencing acute pain, but do so with moderation and speak to your doctor first. And for all the same reasons listed above, don't try to medicate for pain with drugs or alcohol as it will cause other damage to your body and result in other negative consequences. Medicines that are strong enough to cure you can also be strong enough to hurt you if they arent used the right way. Learn to be a smart consumer of medicine.
5.
On health status of self-medication in terms of body condition Table #4 which is entitled Self-medication: The effect on the health status among the residents of Barangay Camacho shows the data on the ratings of appetite. Table 5 Weighted Mean of health status of self-medication in terms of appetite. N= 50
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan Indicators
8 1. Fatigue and changes in appetite can be a first sign of impending diseases by self-medication. 15 2. Self-medication may aggreviate lack of energy. 18 3. Some other drugs are gastrointestinal irritant. 16 4. A person loses appetite due to overthe-counter drugs. 16 5. Some over-the-counter drugs can cause addiction. 16 13 3 2 191 3.82 A 23 6 5 0 200 4.00 A 18 11 2 1 200 4.00 23 9 2 1 199 3.98
4
22
3
19 1
2
0
TOTAL
184
WM
3.68
VD A
A A
AWM: 3.90
LEGEND:
VD: A
Based from the table 5, the indicators- 1. Fatigue and changes in appetite can be a
first sign of impending diseases by self-medication, 2. Self-medication may aggreviate lack of energy, 3. Some other drugs are gastro-intestinal irritant, 4. A person loses appetite due to overthe-counter drugs, 5. Some over-the-counter drugs can cause addiction are verbally
interpreted as A- Agree. The sub-variable appetite regarding all its indicators garnered an average weighted mean of 3.90 which is verbally described Agree. This means that the appetite as a sub-variable of health status of self-medication is 61- 80% capable by the participants further means that the appetite gives enough information such as 1. Fatigue
and changes in appetite can be a first sign of impending diseases by self-medication, 2. Self-
medication may aggreviate lack of energy, 3. Some other drugs are gastro-intestinal irritant, 4. A person loses appetite due to over-the-counter drugs, 5. Some over-the-counter drugs can cause addiction.
According to the National Institutes of Health, or NIHAs (2004) a single symptom, fatigue is a common complaint that is rarely indicative of a serious disease. However, fatigue and changes in appetite can also be a first sign of impending disease or illness because of self-medication. Appetite and lack of energy often go hand in hand, and just as inadequate nutrition can contribute to a lack of energy, inactivity can affect the appetite. Although it is often easy to identify a physical cause for your lack of energy and appetite, psychological factors may be less evident. Consult with a professional health care provider if your symptoms continue or if you are experiencing pain or other mental, emotional or physical discomfort. The appetite is related to this study because parents are often unable to monitor the dietary habits of their children. However most young kids go through intermittent phases of loss of appetite and over-eating, and this need not be cause for excess concern. A child loses appetite generally due to illness, the common cold and flu, or because he is worried about something. Tackling the root of the problem is always better than administering medication. You could increase your child's intake of Vitamin D naturally, by letting him play outdoors in the sun and by making sure he has his glasses of milk. You could also give him calcium and a multi-vitamin supplement.
6.
On health status of self-medication in terms of body condition Table #6 which is entitled Self-medication: The effect on the health status among the residents of Barangay Camacho shows the data on the ratings of unwanted pregnancy. Table 6 Weighted Mean of health status of self-medication in terms of unwanted pregnancy. N= 50 Indicators
7
4
25
3
16 2
2
0
TOTAL
187
WM
3.74
VD A
1. Some drugs like cytotec are used by young women who have unwanted pregnancy 20 2. Some women find cytotec and other drugs are to be effective in eliminating pregnancy. 11 3. Clinical advice should be indicated in terms of pregnancy 8 4. Self-Medication may result to a life threatening condition. 10 5. Some OTC drugs are considered unsafe to pregnant women. 21 9 5 5 176 3.52 A 23 13 5 1 182 3.64 A 23 11 4 1 189 3.78 A 16 10 3 1 201 4.02
AWM: 3.74
LEGEND:
VD: A
Based from the table 6, the indicators- 1. Some drugs like cytotec are used by young
women who have unwanted pregnancy, 2. Some women find cytotec and other drugs are to be
effective in eliminating pregnancy, 3. Clinical advice should be indicated in terms of pregnancy, 4. Self-Medication may result to a life threatening condition, 5. Some OTC drugs are considered unsafe to pregnant women are verbally interpreted as A- Agree.
The sub-variable unwanted pregnancy regarding all its indicators garnered an average weighted mean of 3.74 which is verbally described Agree. This means that the unwanted pregnancy as a sub-variable of health status of self-medication is 6180% capable by the participants further means that the unwanted pregnancy gives enough information such as - 1. Some drugs like cytotec are used by young women who
have unwanted pregnancy, 2. Some women find cytotec and other drugs are to be effective in eliminating pregnancy, 3. Clinical advice should be indicated in terms of pregnancy, 4. SelfMedication may result to a life threatening condition, 5. Some OTC drugs are considered unsafe to pregnant women.
According to Blackwell (2003), a herbal remedy, to treat symptoms of depression, often without the knowledge of their physician. Widely available without prescription, it is considered by some to be a safe because it is a natural alternative to more traditional antidepressants. Recent reports indicate that SJW has been implicated in numerous herbdrug interactions that may have clinical significance. Women taking oral contraceptives and SJW have reported breakthrough menstrual bleeding, but this is the first published case of an unexpected pregnancy in association with SJW consumption. From the qualitative research, the results indicated that the majority of the young women tended to select abortion as their first choice, while a few cases continued their pregnancies to term without any attempt to terminate the
pregnancy.These women tended to delay seeking assistance once they found out their
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan pregnancy situation. Majority of the low-income young women were more likely to resort self-medication as their first alternative, which was sometimes hazardous to their health. Most of the women realized that private clinics provided effective methods for terminating pregnancy, but due to its high cost, they would first resort self-medication or self-management. If they were not successful, they would then visit a private clinic and asked others to support the cost.Understanding the women's decisions making process and their health seeking patterns utilization allows us to understand their decision and course of actions. The program managers, implementers, providers, partners, parents/relatives, and friends should do as much as possible to support the decision of the women in order to provide better information and services to reduce the impact, both physical and mental, of their selected choice. The unwanted pregnancy is related to this study because decision on selfmedication or abortions with unskilled personnel sometimes resulted in serious and lifethreatening complications. Many pregnancy-termination situations resulted from selfmedication. While most of these women made the important decision themselves, they still sought advice, guidance, and support from their partners, peers and parents. When the first attempt failed, they would seek a second or third attempt until they felt it was not possible to achieve what they had planned. Most women with unplanned pregnancies knew that they had options regarding termination of their pregnancies but their main concern was confidentiality.
Table 1 Weighted Mean of the possible risk-factors of self-medication in terms of over- the- counter drugs. N= 50
Indicators
1. Death has been caused by over-thecounter drugs 2. Tolerance can built up to an over-thecounter drugs 3. When high doses of over-the-counter drugs can cause mood changes. 4. Over-the-counter drugs are intended to treat mild symptoms such as headaches 5. Some over-the-counter drugs relieve pain.
5
8 17 21 21 16
4
20 20 18 16 20
3
13 9 7 8 10 7 3 3 4 3
2
2 1 1 1 1
TOTAL
175 199 205 202 197
WM 3.50
3.98 4.10 4.04 3.94
VD A A
A A A
AWM: 3.91
VD: A
Table 2 Weighted Mean of the possible risk-factors of self-medication in terms of use of medication. N= 50 Indicators 5
11
1. It improve levels of health by preventing diseases
4
16 24 18
3
20 11 15 3 3 4
2
0 0 1
TOTAL
185 195 186
WM
3.70 3.90 3.72
VD A A
A
12
2. Provide enough time to evaluate its therapeutic effect.
12
3. Pharmacist do not just answer
questions.
17
4. Inappropriate use of may alter its effectiveness
12 21
16 11
4 5
1 1
190 188
3.80 3.76
A A
12
5. Overdosage may cause several psychological disorders. AWM: 3.78
VD: A
Table 3 Weighted Mean of the possible risk-factors of self-medication in terms of availability of the drug. N= 50 Indicators
7 1. Medicines were intended to be available within the context of functioning health system at all times 12 2. Availability of drugs must have adequate amounts and affordable. 21 3. Some prescribed drugs are not mearly available on the supermarket. 16 4. OTC drugs are dispensed without prescriptions 14 5. Non-OTC drugs are dispensed with prescriptions 25 10 1 0 202 4.04 A 20 9 4 0 195 3.90 A 15 12 2 0 205 4.10 A 31 7 0 0 205 4.10
4
26
3
15 2
2
0
TOTAL
188
WM
3.76
VD A
AWM: 3.98
VD: A
ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy. Ibayo, Balanga City, Bataan Table 4 Weighted Mean of health status of self-medication in terms of body condition N= 50
Indicators 8
1. Non medical personnel may need medical expert to know exactly the drug effect.
4 20
3 16 4
2 2
TOTAL 178
WM 3.56
VD A
10
2. Over-the-counter drugs can cause body weakness.
14 21 22 22 VD: A
18 11 5 8
7 3 2 3
1 1 1 1
175 189 208 199
3.50 3.78 4.16 3.98
A A A A
13
3. Other medicines can cause bleeding.
20
4. Overdosage may cause physical problems
16
5. Over-the-counter drugs interacts with other medications.
AWM:3.80
Table 5 Weighted Mean of health status of self-medication in terms of appetite. N= 50 Indicators

8 1. Fatigue and changes in appetite can be a first sign of impending diseases by self-medication. 15 2. Self-medication may aggreviate lack of energy. 18 3. Some other drugs are gastrointestinal irritant. 18 11 2 1 200 4.00 23 9 2 1 199 3.98
4
22
3
19 1
2
0
TOTAL
184
WM
3.68
VD A
A A
16 4. A person loses appetite due to overthe-counter drugs. 16 5. Some over-the-counter drugs can cause addiction. 16 13 3 2 191 3.82 A 23 6 5 0 200 4.00 A
AWM: 3.90
VD: A
Table 6 Weighted Mean of health status of self-medication in terms of unwanted pregnancy. N= 50 Indicators
7 1. Some drugs like cytotec are used by young women who have unwanted pregnancy 20 2. Some women find cytotec and other drugs are to be effective in eliminating pregnancy. 11 3. Clinical advice should be indicated in terms of pregnancy 8 4. Self-Medication may result to a life threatening condition. 10 5. Some OTC drugs are considered unsafe to pregnant women. 21 9 5 5 176 3.52 A 23 13 5 1 182 3.64 A 23 11 4 1 189 3.78 A 16 10 3 1 201 4.02
4
25
3
16 2
2
0
TOTAL
187
WM
3.74
VD A
AWM: 3.74
VD: A

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ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES College Of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences A.H Banzon St. Brgy.

175 189 208 199

3.50 3.78 4.16 3.98

175 189 208 199

3.50 3.78 4.16 3.98

Table 5 Weighted Mean of health status of self-medication in terms of appetite. N= 50 Indicators

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