10/31/2010

Fundamentals of BME Chapter 2 The origin of biopotentials

Credit B&W images: All black & white figures from JG Webster Textbook g

Edmond Zahedi October 2010

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010

Credit Color Figures

Bioelectromagnetism Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields JAAKKO MALMIVUO Ragnar Granit Institute Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland http://www.bem.fi/book
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010

10/31/2010

Round Robin Rule!

Number of Slides with content = NSl Number of Students = NSt Each student presents 5 slides; round-robin

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

Cell membrane

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

10/31/2010

Membrane and Various Ionic Species

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

Resting Potentials

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

10/31/2010

Membrane Electrical Equivalent

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

Subthreshold stimulus Steady-state

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

10/31/2010

Subthreshold stimulus Transient

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

Skeletal muscle

Chronaxy in excitable tissues (ms)

0.2-0.3 0.3 1-2 0.08-0.1 0.16-0.3 0.10-0.7 0.24-0.7

Frog (gastrocnemius) Frog (sartorius Turtle (leg flexors and extensors) Man (arm flexors) Man (arm extensors) Man (thigh muscles) Man (facial muscles)

StrengthDuration

Cardiac muscle
Frog (ventricle) Turtle (ventricle) Dog (ventricle) Man (ventricle)

3 2 2 2

Smooth muscle
Frog (stomach)

100

Nerve
Frog (sciatic) Man (A fibers) Man (vestibular)

0.3 0.2 14-22

Receptors
Man (tongue) Man (retinal rods) Man (retinal cones) Fundamentals of BME

1.4-1.8 1.2-1.8 2.1-3.0 Edmond Zahedi 2010

10

10/31/2010

Suprathreshold Excitation

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

11

Excitation vs Inhibition

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

12

10/31/2010

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

13

Effect of Stimulation on Ionic channels conductance

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

14

10/31/2010

Voltage Clamp

Wikipedia

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

15

Action Potential Propagation

Unmyelinated

Myelinated

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

16

10/31/2010

Effect of myelinated fiber diameter on conduction velocity c [m/s] 6d [m]

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

17

Neuron-Muscle Junction

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

18

10/31/2010

Volume conductor field

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

19

Volume Conductor & Superposition (Space & Time)

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

20

10

10/31/2010

The Reflex Arc

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

21

Estimation of nerve conduction velocity

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

22

11

10/31/2010

Electroneurogram

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

23

Reflexly evoked potentials

H reflex

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

24

12

10/31/2010

Single Motor Unit (SMU)

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

25

Effect of nerve pathology on SMU

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

26

13

10/31/2010

The Heart

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

answers.com

27

AP in the heart cells

Ventricular Activation

http://www.bem.fi/book/06/fi/0607.gif Edmond Zahedi 2010 Fundamentals of BME

28

14

10/31/2010

The ECG

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

29

ECG Rythms: blocks

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

30

15

10/31/2010

ECG Arrythmias

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

31

Fibrillation

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

32

16

10/31/2010

Reentrancy

iopscience.iop.org iopscience iop org

Visualization of spiral and scroll waves in simulated and experimental cardiac tissue - 2008 E M Cherry and F H Fenton Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization, Gttingen, Germany
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010

33

Atrial Reentrancy

Simplified atrial model Isochrones are plotted every 1/20 of cycle length. Activation time is color coded (and also displayed in the endocardium). White arrows : wavefront propagation and black arrows: circuits that served as boundary condition

An Eikonal Approach for the Initiation of Reentrant Cardiac Propagation in ReactionDiffusion Models Jacquemet, V.; Edmond Zahedi 2010 Fundamentals of BME IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2010

34

17

10/31/2010

ECG: Ischemia

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

35

Electroretinogram (ERG)

misclab.umeoce.maine.edu

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond lightenergysource.com Zahedi 2010

36

18

10/31/2010

ERG

colorado.edu

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

37

Electro-oculogram (EOG)

univie.ac.at

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

38

19

10/31/2010

The brain

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

39

Neurons

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

40

20

10/31/2010

Local currents in neurons

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

41

The standard 10/20 electrode system

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

42

21

10/31/2010

EEG bands

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

43

EEG & Sleep

Characterization of sleep spindles using higher order statistics and spectra Akgul, T.; Mingui Sun; Sclahassi, R.J.; Cetin, A.E.; TBME 2000
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010

44

22

10/31/2010

EEG: Arrythmias

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

45

EEG Sleep Patterns

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

46

23

10/31/2010

MEG

ebme.co.uk

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

nextbigfuture.com

47

Evoked Potentials
Visual Evoked Potentials

frca.co.uk iums.ac.ir
Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010 http://www.adinstruments.com

48

24

10/31/2010

Intraoperative Applications of Evoked Potentials

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

frca.co.uk

Fundamentals of BME

Edmond Zahedi 2010

ispub.com

49

Fundamentals of BME Chapter 2 The origin of biopotentials

The E d! Th End!
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010

50

25