OBJECTIVE Experiment 1 1) To determine the relationship between the applied loads with change in length for a single/double tension

spring and to verify Hooks Law. 2) To determine the single/double tension spring stiffness of the given spring. Experiment 2 1) To determine the relationship between the applied loads with change in length for a single compression spring and to verify Hooks Law. 2) To determine the single compression spring stiffness of the given springs. PROCEDURE

LEGEND A B C D E F G = = = = = = = Knob Ring hanger Tension spring T1/T2/T3 Hook Dead weight hanger Dead weight (0.5N, 1N, 2N) Compression spring H I J = = = Collar Pointer Scale

Experiment 1 1) All the parts of the apparatus are tightened. 2) The spring T1 is hung between the two ring hangers. 3) The pointer reading is placed on the scale and the initial value is set as zero by adjusting the knob. 4) The dead weight hanger of 0.5/1.0N weight is slowly placed on to the hook. Then, the reading is started to record down. 5) The test is repeated until the weight is reached 5.0/10.0N. 6) Next, the weight is removed slowly. Again, the extension reading is recorded when each of weight is being removed. 7) Then, step 2 to step 6 are repeated with two springs T1 in parallel arrangement. 8) All the readings are recorded and tabulated into Table i and Table ii respectively. 9) The experiment is repeated by using spring T2 and spring T3.

10)

A graph of total weight against extension is plotted.

11) A best fit straight line at the linear part on the graph is constructed and the spring stiffness from the springs obtained is computed. Experiment 2 1) All the parts of the apparatus are tightened. 2) The spring C1 is hung between the two collars. 3) The pointer reading is placed on the scale and the initial value is set. 4) The dead weight hanger of 0.5/1.0/2.0N weight is slowly placed on to the hook. Then, the compression reading is started to record down. 5) The test is repeated until the weight is reached 5/10/20N 6) Next, the weight is slowly removed. Again, the extension reading is recorded when each of weight is being removed. 7) All the readings are recorded and tabulated into Table iii. 8) The experiment is repeated by using spring C2 and spring C3. 9) A graph of total weight against the extension reading is plotted. 10) A best fit straight line at the linear part on the graph is constructed and the spring stiffness from the springs obtained is computed.

DATA AND ANALYSIS Experiment 1 (Tension Spring) Spring T1: 1kg/50mm Spring T2: 1kg/80mm Spring T3: 1kg/50mm Single Tension Spring Weight Applied(N) 0.5 (hanger) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Spring T1 171 171 171.5 172 172.5 173 174 176 181 187 Table i Spring T2 171 176 182 188 194 201 207 213 219 226 Spring T3 172 175 178 183 189 194 200 205 211 216.5 Extension Reading (mm)

Double Tension Spring in parallel arrangement Weight Applied(N) 1.0 (hanger) 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Spring T1 194 194.5 195 195 195.5 196 196.5 197 198 200 Table ii Spring T2 193 196 198 202 206 212 218 224 230 237 Spring T3 194 195 197 200 204 209 215 220 226 231 Extension Reading (mm)

Experiment 2 (Compression Spring) Spring C1: 1kg/50mm

Spring C2: 1kg/30mm Spring C3: 1kg/80mm Single Compression Spring Weight Applied(N) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 DISCUSSION 1. In experiment 1, we observe that extension reading is less if we use double tension spring arrangement compare to single tension spring. This is because the force is spread or divided into two springs. 2. In experiment 2, when the weight is applied more than 12N, the result for spring C3 has been over tension, so this type of spring cannot be used with a big load on it. Spring C1 -1.0 -1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 14 16 19 21 25 Spring C2 1 2 4 7.0 8.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 14.0 16.5 18.5 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 37.0 43.0 50.0 55.0 61.0 Table iii Spring C3 3 5 9 11 14 17 20 22 25 28 34 41 47 52 55 63 O.T O.T O.T O.T Extension Reading (mm)

3. The value of the measurement is not really accurate because the pointer is not in a same level with the measurement meter. 4. There are some errors in this experiment:a. The springs are already loose and sometimes have a deflection. So we cannot get a proper length of the spring elongation. b. Human or personal errors.

CONCLUSION We know that the elongation of the spring will reduce when we apply a load on the hook with the 2 springs in parallel arrangement. Also if we use a shorter spring length before the elongation. The result is constantly between force (N) and elongation spring. The formula for hooks law is F=kx. Value of k is constant. REFERENCE Mechanics of Materials Fourth Edition in SI Units, McGrawHill, 2006, Chapter 9 (Deflection of Beams), pg 136-137, and pg 150, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston. Jr, John T. DeWolf.