Question 1: State three advantages of p.

f Improvement for: A) The consumer B) The supply authority Answer: A) The consumer: (i) An increase in savings due to the tariff or building structure. (ii) An increase in savings in maintenance of existing load. (iii) An increase in savings for any new installation. B) The supplier: (i) Savings in cost due to generation, transmission and distribution. (ii) An increase in savings of maintenance of the network. (iii) An increase in the overall efficiency of the network with respect to reserve power. Question 2: State the methods of power factor improvement for: A) Individual loads B) Overall Systems Answer: Methods of power factor improvement are: A) For the individual loads - connect static capacitors in parallel with the individual loads. B) For the overall system - connect an over-excited synchronous motor with the overall system.

Question 3: Show with the aid of a diagram how capacitors are used to improve the power factor of a three phase delta connected induction motor. Answer:

The diagram above shows how capacitors are used to improve the power factor of a three phase delta connected induction load. Question 4: State two advantages of connecting the capacitor as close as possible to the motor terminals. Answer: Two advantages of connecting the capacitors as close as possible to the motor terminals are: There will be a higher overall power factor There will be a low supply current to the motor and less power loss in the cable.

Question 5: Explain with the aid of a diagram how the power factor of a single phase circuit may be determined using a voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter. Answer:

The diagram above shows how a wattmeter, voltmeter and an ammeter are used to determine power factor in a single phase load. The ammeter measure the current, I across the load, the voltmeter measures the voltage, V across the load and the wattmeter measure the power, P across the load. When all the values are determined it can be substituted into the equation P=VICos. Where .