Tue 4OOl

UnaavARrABLE PutsE aENERATIR

Operation Manual

1486 Highland Avenue, 2 Unit Cheshire, 06410 CT (203)27 2-3285 FAX:(203)27 2-4330

WARRANTY
Global Specialties@ warrants this device to be free from defective material or workmanship for a period of one full year from the date of original purchase. under this warranty is - Global Specialties@ limited to repairing the defective device when returned to the factory, shipping chargesprepaid, within one year from date of original purchase. Units returned to Global Specialties@ that have beensubjectto abuse,misuse,damageor accident,or have been connected, installed or adjustedcontrary to the instructionsfurnished by Global Specialties@, that have been reor paired by unauthorized persons will not be coveredbv this warrantv. Global Specialties@ reserves right to disthe continue models, changespecifications, price or design of this device at any time without notice and without incurring any obligation whatsoever. The purchaseragreesto assumeall liabili tiesfor any damages and / or bodily inj ury which mayresultfromthe useormisuse of this device by the purchaser,his employees,or agents. This warranty is in lieu of ali representations or warranties expressedor implied and no agent or representativeof Global Specialties@ authorized to assumeany other oUtigais tioninconnectionwiththesaleand purchase of this device.

FACTORY SERVICEAND
Global Specialties@ serviceand repair this instrument free of chargefor a period of one full will year,subjectto the warranty conditions above. To obtain a return merchandiseauthorization (RMA) required for all returns, phone our CustomerServiceDepartmentfor an RMA and all shipping instructions: Tel. 1-800-572-1.028 write: or

GLOBAL SPECIALTIES 1486 Highland Avenue, 2 Unit Cheshire, 06410 CT (203)272-3285FAX:(203)272-4330 ATTN: CUSTOMERSERVICEDEPARTMENT BREADBOARDING SOCKETSLIFETIME GUARANTEE All Global Specialties@ breadboardingsocketsare guaranteedfor life. If a socketever fails to meet your requirements, return it and we will replace it, NO QUESTIONSASKED.
Specificationssubject to changewithout notice.
@ and TM trademarks are the property of INTERPLEX ELECTRONICS, INC., New Haven, CT.

TABLEOF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS.. ..PAGE 2 INTRODUCTION..... .PAGE 4 DESCRIPTION....... ..PAGE 4 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OPERATING OF CONTROLS............PAGE 5 CHECKING OUTTHE4OO1 .....PAGE 9 APPLICATIONS..... . . . P A G E4 1 C I R C U I T E S C R IT I O N . . . . . . . D P

REcALIBRATIoN PRocEDURE;usEnepLACEMENi............ AND B1BE ?? CIRCUIT CHEMATIC.......... S

...PAG27 E S E R V | C E N DW A R R A N TtY F O R M A T | O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p n e A N e ze

LISTOF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE Location Operating 1. of Contro1s............. PAGE 5 FIGURE RunlMode com[lemented 2. and waveforms.............. pAGE5

6 F I G U R E . G a t eM o d e a v e f o r m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 W ......,...PAGE 6 FIGURE One-Shot 5. ModeWaveforms.............. ...PAGE 6 FIGURE RunModeand Squared 6. Waveforms.. ..PAGE 7 F I G U R E . C h e c k o u to n f i g u r a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . Z C ..............PAGE 9 FIGURE. Waveforms.............. 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . P A1 0E G FIGURE Checking 9. Trigger GateModes..... and .PAGE F I G U R E 0 . M i s s i n p u l s eD e t e c t o rp p t i c a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p A G14 1 g A E 15 Amptifier Frequency Response Test......... ..........pAGE II9yl_E 11 17 FIGURE Transmission Test... 12. Line ...PAGE 1g FIGURE 13. Scope Waveform Patterns-Transmission Testing.......pAGE Line 20 FIGURE CaseDisassembly Assembty 14. and .......PAGE 25 F I G U R E s . C i r c u iS c h e m a t i c . . . . . . . . 1 t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...p.A.G.E. 7 . . . :2 LISTOF TABLES

l99l!

Mode q Trig Waveforms..............

............PAGE

patterns Interpretation...................pAGE square-wave and IlPf_E1.Typical 16

T A B L E . P o w e r / O u t p ue t a t i o n s h i p s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . ...... . . . . . . . p A G E 2 Rt 17

4OO1 SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency Range: Pulse Widthand Spacing Controls: 0.5 Hz to 5 MHz 1O0nsec.-1sec overlapping in 7 ranges. Independent variable widthand spaiing controls. Two concentric, single-turn verniers provide continuous adjustment between ranges. 107-to-1 range, cont.adjustable

DutyCycle: Accuracy: (Pulse Widthand Spacing) (Amplitude) Jitter: Operating Modes (pushbu selectable) tton Run: Trig: Gate:

+5%typical,tlso/o max @ vernier setting. +5o/o control of setting. Lessthan0.1%+S0psec.

0.5 Hz to 5 MHz,frequency settable pulsewidth/spacing through controls. DC to approximately MHzfrom 10 external source. Generator startssynchronously with leading edgeof gatesignal-"One Shot" pushbutton manually can gate in this activate mode. Enables manual"One Shot"pushbutton. Square wavemay be obtained the at outputs depressing by "Square Wave" pushbutton.

One Shot: Square Wave:

Complement:

by the Q{guts may be inverted depressing "COMPL" pushbutton, withoutlosingsync time reference. NOTE:pulsespacing controls not active during"Trigger" "One-Shot" and modes.

Trig/Gate Input:

TTL compatible input, coupled DC logicinput: pulses>2.4V peak>4Onsec wide.Sinewave input:>1.7V RMS<1OMHz. impedance: Input 400Q max.input:r10V. Amplitude, 0.S-10V, adjustable single via turn vernier; rise/fall time3Onsec; impedande, 50CI Fan out,40TTL loads;sink,64mAat O.gV maximum; rise/fall time:lessthan2Onsec. Amplitude 2.4Vminimum; out, 1OTTL fan loads; sink,16mAat O.8V maximum; riseifall time,lessthan2Onsec; syncpulseleadtime, greater than2Onsec. 105-125VAC, 50/60Hz 220-240VAC, 50i60Hz (Optionat) 0"Cto50"C (calibrated 25" C t55" C). at 32" F to 122" F '(calibrateal 72" F*9" F). d 10"x 3" x7" (254x 76 x 178mm). 2.2tbs. kg) (1

Output: Var Out TTL Out: SyncOut:

Power: Operating perature: Tem

Size (WxHxD): Weight:

INTRODUCTION
The Global Specialties 4001Ultravariable Pulse Generator a reliable costpulse is low Generator. uncomplicated lts rugged.design highquality and components ensure long and dependable service. The 4oo1offersthesefeaiures: Separate TTL Output A Variable Output fromO.5V 10V to 5Q Outputlmpedance Pulse WidthRange from lOOnsec lsec to

DESCRIPTION:
The Model4001,primarily designed a pulseor clocksource, compatible lC as is with and discrete component circuits. alsofindsapplication a syste. sieppet lt as (OneShotMode),gatedoscillator (GateMode), prir" stretcher or (TiiggerMode). With a minimum adjustments, 4oo1can alsoserveas a missirig of the or illse detector a frequency discriminator. output The can be complemented converted a square or to wavewith a pushof the button. The Model4001offers two Simultaneous Independent (TTLand Variable) Outputs with riseand fall timeslessthan30nsec; 2Onsec TTL compatible leading-edge Sync pulseoutput'Thereare independent pulsewidthand pulsespacing (both controls selectable form lOonsec lsec) eliminating to incompaiible frequenJy pulsewidth ano settings. Also on the panelare four pushbutton selectable operatind mooeswitches marked(Run,Trigger, Gateand One-Shot).

LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OPERATING OF CONTROLS

Referto Figure1 for the location all operating of controls. These numbers be will referred throughout text. to the NOTE All pushbutton switches push-to-activate are switches.
1 2 3 4 5

*rrrorx

l-E'|.-

-.-

-',

5, 1.f.

-,

19,

;Ai.ffi:/n | aoor eulse

[( l]-\lZ o^rt[.rc *

GENERAToer
tY* ar rr! out

,\-/..

va. ovr

'13

12

11

FIGURE Location Operating 1. of Controls POWER Switch and LED Indicator: (1) MODESwitch (2) NOTE The four ModeSwitches(2) mechanically are interlocked allowing onlyone switch to be activated a time.Theyare designated at RUN,TRIGano ofr-sHor. RUN: In the Runmode,the 4OO1 self-oscillating.external is All inputs disconnected, are and all timing controls functional. are (SeefigureZ)
SyncOut n TTLor VarOut TTLor --l Var our t-t l-'l aOpr3^. nsec 20 1 l* n n n t-l f-] f-l l-] f-l { z.aV Min. n :n I l-l l-l f-l l-l

Run Mode Complemented l-

FIGURE Run ModeandComplemented 2.

TRIG: In the Trig mode,the 4001outputs produce synchronous a positive goingoutputpulse for eachpositive inputtrigger. The outputpulsewidthis adjusted byihe pulseWidth and WidthVernier controls. The outputpuiseis initiated the posltiu"-.dge the by of inputtrigger. Whenthe modeswitch.is the Trigger in i"v-Y' the pulseSpacing rrrv ' v'vv ve' mode, and
Spacing Vernier are inactive. (See Figure B)

l0 V Max Trig TTL or VarOul

f,,,n tvtode

FIGURE TrigModeWaveforms. 3. GATE: In the Gatemode,the 4991outputs produce trains pulses the duration the of for of applied gallngsignal. The leading edgeof the gating signal starts output pulse the teioingedgeof the gating !ai1 The firstpulsein the trainii synchronized'witti signat. Boththe PulseSpacing and Pulse wiotn controls program the pulsetrainparameters. lf the gating pulseendswhilean output present, lait pulsewill be is the complemented. Figure (See 4).
I 2.4V Min

.Irloi Var Oul

lcate
With LeadEdge of GateSignai )

l;il'"

FIGURE GateModeWaveforms. 4. ONE-SHOT: In the One-Shot mode, modeswitch latched the One-Shot the is and pushbutton pressed,. (-s)'when initiates an'output pulse.Pulse parameters set by the pulse are Width(11)and WidthVernier controls.,Pulse Spacing Spacing and Vernier controls are not active.(SeeFigure 5)
one Shot---r,/ Pushbutton oepressed lone-snot -l

.Irlol Varout

Figure One-Shot 5. Waveforms.

SQUARE WAVE:(3) when this buttonis depressed outputis converted a squarewave.The the to output now changes statewith everypositive edgeof the original "piogrammed" waveform. This divides frequency the signalOytwo.All inputsand controls the of are still functional. (SeeFigure 6)-

Var out

TTL or

Run Mode

i-t_i-i_ro*r"o FIGURE RunModeand Squared 6. Waveforms

COMPLEMENT: (a) Whenthis button depressed TTL and Variable is the outputs automatically are complemented. inputs All and controls stillfunctionat. are 2) 1net.Figure ONE-SHOT MODESWTTCH: (5) See MODEswitches for details. (2) AMPLITUDE CONTROL: (6) The AMPLITUDE control adjusts amplitude the vottage the VAR OUT BNC the of at connector from0.5 Voltsto 10 Volts. VAR OUT:(7) The VAR OUT BNc connector provides convenient a means interconnecting for the generator output its destination. VAR OUTsignal to The has a riseandfalltimeof 3Onsec outputimpedance 50 ohms. and of TTL OUT:(8) The TTL OutputBNC connector fed by four TTL gatesin parallel, is providing TTL a fanoutof 40. Riseandfall timesare lessthan20ns6c. Both'TTL and'vARouT pulses are derived from the sameinternal source and are svnchronous. SYNCOUT:(9) The SYNCOUT BNCconnector produces output pulse2onsec an wideand 2onsec in advance the mainoutput of pulses. The Syncpulseamplitude a minim ol 2.4 is um Voltsand can drive10 TTL loads.

GATE\TRIG INPUT: (10) The GATE\TRIG inputterminals DC coupled the 4001internal are to circuitry. The inputsignalcan be a sinewavegreater than 1.7VRMSor a positive pulsegreater than2.4V NOTEAmplitude mustnot exceed tlOV. W I D T H E R N T E R :1 ) V (1 The WIDTHVERNIER usedfor continuous is adjustment pulsewidthbetween of the limits the rangeset on the PULSE wIDTH sWtrcH. A stight overtap bothends at 9f. of the Vernier rangeinsures continuous adjustment the entire over sevendecades of pulsewidthadjustment. PULSE WIDTH SWTTCH: (12) The PULSE WIDTH switch usedto select is pulsewidths output from 1oonsec lsec to in.seven ranges' Whenusedin conjunction the WidthVernier, with continuous adjustment the instrument over rangeis achieved. S P A C I N G E R N T E R :3 ) V (1 The SPACE VERNIER usedfor continuous is adjustment pulsespacing of between the limitsof the rangeset on the pulsespacing sr,vitch. stightou"ri"p at bothendsof n the vernierrangeinsures continuous adjustment ouerthe entiresevendecades of pulsespacing adjustment. PULSE SPACING SWTTCH: (1a) The PULSE WIDTH switch usedto select is pulsespacing output from 1ggnsec to lsec in sevenranges. when usedin conjunction the SpACI-ruG wiin vrnrutrn, continuous adjustment the entire over instrument rangeis achieved. FLIP-UP LEGrM: (15) Easilyraisedor folded.Elevates frontof the generator i/2 inches. the 1 FUSEHOLDER: (REAR PANEL) Thefuse postis mounted the rearpanel. to (see Figure 14).

CHECKING OUTTHE4OO1
To checkout the Model4001Pulse Generator following the equipment required. is (SeeFigure 7). 1. A dual-trace oscilloscope, packard 100MHz bandwidth (Hewlett minimum. Model 1740or equivalent) 2. A TTl-levelfrequency source.(Global Specialties Model2001or equivalent) 3' ThreeBNC-to BNCcables (Global Specialties ModelPSA-2 equivalent) or 4. A 50 ohm terminator. Procedure Plugthe 4001intoa powersource the proper of voltage frequency. and (105to 11SVAC, 60Hzor 210to 230VAC, to 6OHz) 50 Pressin the pOWrn ON switch. The LEDadjacent the switch illuminate. to will

o@

Y Fauln

oB'3oo o
n

oo o

FIGURE Checkout 7. Configuration. StepA: Set the controls the 4001as follows: on CONTROL PowerSW Pulse WidthSW PulseSpacing SW WidthVernier Spacing Vernier RunModeSW Square WaveSW ComplSW Amplitude Cntrl POSITION ON 100ns 100ns Xl (fullyclockwise) X1 (fullyclockwise) IN Normal Out Position Normal Out Position 10V (fullyclockwise)

StepB: Connect BNC-Io-BNC fromthe4001TTLOUTBNCto theoscilloscope one cable channel input. "A" connect second the BNC-Io-BNC fromthe4001syNc our cabte BNCto the oscilloscope channel input. "B',

StepC: Set the oscilloscope the ALT modeto trigger the risingedgesof the ,,61,, in on input, with a sweepspeedof 50nsper division faster. or observethatthe""syNc purse riseandfat timesare ress than2ons. Pulse widthis approximately 2Ons. Amplitude 2.4Vminimum. is Rising edgeof the syNc pulseleadsthe risingedgeof the TTL pulseby approximately 20ns.

StepD: Pressin the COMPswitch the 4001. on observethat the"" Rising. edgeof the syNc pulseleadsthe fallingedgeof the TTL pulseby approximately g). 20ns.(SeeFigure
Width- 1 gsec

_:l-l*_i
l<-:l l.<-

(
sPbcine -->f r sec widthl sec ---->l

Spacing 1 zsec

FIGURE Waveforms. 8.

10

Step E: Return COMPswitchto it,snormalposition. the Observe the..... that Riseandfalltimesof the TTL outputare lessthan20ns. NOTE: some overshoot ringing or may havebeenobserved the TTL signal. on This is a resultof the undampened transmission effects the BNC cabl6and is not line of inherent the waveform. sameform of distortion to The may also be in evidence during the following stepswherethe VAR OUTsignalis used.Thesereflections ceaseto will existonceproper impedance matching obtained. is StepF: Disconnect BNCcablefromthe TTL our and connect VAR our. the to Rotate AMPLITUDE fromits fullyclockwise the pot position its fuliy to counterclockwise position. Observe the..... that waveformamplitude decreases from its initial1oVvalueto a o.5V level. StepG: Set output amplitude 5V. to Connect 50fJ terminator the oscilloscope channel the at "A" inputin-line withthe BNC cable. NOTE Manyoscilloscopes havea 5OOterminator may be usedin placeof the external that terminator. Observe the.... that output amplitude now 2.5Vand that ringing is previously present dueto impedance mismatching longer no lpfears. NOTE VAR OUT riseand fall timesare lessthan30ns. observethatthe"" ursewidthand purse spacing each100nsxso/o. are

1t_

StepH: Rotate WIDTHVERNIER its uX10" the to position. Notethat the pulsewidthis now lpsec *15o/o thatthe pulsespacing unchanged. and is Pressin the coMp switchand notethe waveform inversion. Pressin the SQUARE WAVEswitch.Notethatthe resulting waveform a pulse has widthof.1.1psec and a pulse spacing 1.1psec,(the.r*if the wIDTHandrf".ing of settings) a totalof 2.2p"s. for Return SQUARE the WAVEand COMPswitches theirnormat to (OUT)positions. STEPI: Rotate SPACING the VERNIER its "X10"position. to Notethatthe pulsespacing is now lusec t15%. Change PULSE SPACING pULSE and WTDTH 1ps. to Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing lOpsec+11o/o. of STEPJ: Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing 1ps xlo/o. of Change PULSE WTDTH pULSE and SPAC|NG 1Ops. to Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing 10ps r5%. of STEPK: Rotate WIDTH the VERNIER SPACING and VERNIER ..X10... to Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing l0Oprsec of t15%. changethe PULSE wtDTHand pULSE spActNGto 1oops. Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing lmsec +1|o/o. of

L2

STEPL: Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing 100ps xilo/o. of changethe PULSE wtDTHand pULSEspActNGto 1ms+\-5%. STEPM: Rotate WIDTH the VERNIER SPAOING and VERNIER ,'X1O'.. to Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing lOmsec of +15"/o. changePULSE wrDTHand pULSEspAcrNGto 10ms. Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing 100mse x15o/o. of c STEPN: Rotate WIDTH the VERNIER SPAOING and VERNIER ,,X1,,. to Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing lOms+So/o. of changethe PULSE wtDTHand pULSEspActNGto 100ms. Observe.... A pulsewidthand a pulsespacing 100msxlyo. of STEPO: Rotate WIDTHVERNIER SPAOING the and VERNIER ,,X10,'. to Observe.... A pulsewidthand pulsespacing lsec xl}o/o. of changethe PULSE wrDTHand pULSE spAcrNGto 1ms. Pressin the ONE-SHOT modeswitch. Momentarily pushin the whiteoNE-sHor pushbutton. Observe.... One single1Oms pulseis generated eachactuation the pushbutton. for of

1_3

STEPP: Pressin the TRIGmodeswitch. connecta TTL-level, signalfroma TTL-level frequency sourceto the GATE\TRIG l\z lN connector the 4001pulsegenerator on usinga BNCcabte. Observe.. A 10mspulseoccurring the 2Hz rate. at STEPQ: Pressin the GATEModeswitch. Observe.... Pulseburstsoccurring a 2Hz rale. at STEPR: Turnoff the powerand disconnect cables. all Thisconcludes 4oO1 pulsegenerator the checkout.
PulseSource Gate/Trigger

i-.-

L-

(a)

t")

oo
o
Al
t)

s'so E E .

(J

o o o o

4001UnderTest

g. Figure Checking Trigger and GateModes.

APPLICATIONS
The 4001 PulseGenerator with its manyfeatures and easeof operation makeit a welcome addition any lab. to The following just a sampling the variedusesof the 4001. is of

L4

Missing-Pulse Detector Program 4001pulsewidthfor 1Opsec. the inputtriggerpulserepetition the Set period to Sprsec. Eachtimethe triggerpulsegoespositive,-the (.pnpl ioot i. resetand must timeoutto itsfull 10psec. The outputs the 4001remainin the HighState.lf one of the triggerputses not of is present (missing) 4001outputwill tim-e to 1Opsec the out and then return its low to stateuntilthe nexttrigger pulseoccurs. (see Figure 10).

t'199::
Input

----l t /sec f*
I

4oor

I
_>1logsec
I I I

pulseDetector FIGURE Missing 10. Application. TRACING DIGITAL LOGICFLOW The 4001and a digital logicprobesuchas the Global Specialties makean Lp-B excellent troubleshooting system. Justusethe 4001as a signal injector inject to either a pulsetrain,a single one-shot, the complement eitherl or of Thentracethrough the circuits withthe LP-3and quickly the defective find component. ANALYZING MICROPROCESSOR A PROGRAM By substituting 4001for the microprocessor your system clockyou can giveyour microprocessor capability stepping th_e of through microprogiam iis eithera stepat a time (in the One-Shot mode)or at muchreducdd speed,oy uiing tongtimingperiods in the "RUN" mode. Note,however, that somemicroprocessors a minimum have clockspeed,belowwhich correct operation not assured. in doubt,checkthe datasheettoi tfre is lf microprocessor you are using. that TESTING RADIO CONTROL RECEIVERS Proportional control usually radio is implemented sending variable by a mark-space ratiolow frequency modulation a radiofrequency on signal.-your 4001may be usedto simulate radiotransmitter the whentesting low-irequency the stagesof your receiver. The 4001is alsoidealfor simulating joystick the inputto the transmitter.

15

AUDIO TESTING The4001 againshowsits versatility testingaudioamplifiers. in Squarewavesare usedin audiotesting display wioerangjof frequencies to. a simulianeously. Square wavesconsist a fundamental of frequency, a seriesof odd harmonics square and to off the waveshape.

WaveformLF Gain LF Gain l-{FGain HF Gain Damping

qra
^

oK l L
H

OK O
O

oK H
K

OK O K
O K

oK
H

+
l:l"

'

o
OK
H H

K
L
H

H
L L

o
OK

K
H

H
H

'az'
qJ4 .

L
H

H
H

H
'Sharp

'"u
'-'Llt-

oK
OK
O K

oK
OK
O K

H
H
H

OK
OK
O K L

OK
L
L

Cutoffor Peaked

L =Low LL = VeryLow H = High OK= Suitable Proper

TABLE1. TypicalSquare wave Patterns an Interpretation TheseShapes. and of For an amplifier reproduce square to a wave it musthavea flat frequency response from0.1Fto 10Fwhere"F" is the fundamental frequency the square of wave. The traditional frequencies SOHz the lowfrequency and test are for test 1gKHz the for highfrequency end.(SeeTable1) connectthe 4001to the amplifier under test as shownin Figure and observe 12 the outputon the scope.Table2 showsthe tableof powerand voltagerelationships for 40 and SOspeakers. alsoliststheoutput lt voltage levelfor lOdBbelowthe maximum outputof amplifiers with different powerratings. bhoosethe ratingclosest the to amplifier under test.Testing 1OdB at belowmaximum output ensures thatthe amplifier will not be in saturation. This levelis approximately of the full poweroutput. 2lS
16

o o o o

Amp UnderTest

FIGURE Amplifier 11. Frequency Response Test.

PowerRatings(RMS) 8(l 4J)

E2

Output(RMS) Full Output 2.8V 6.3 V 8.9 V 12.6 V l0 dB Below Max Output

1 W 2W 5 W 10w 1 0 w 20w 20w 4 0 w 5 0 w 100 w 100 200 w w

8V

, 4 0v 80v
160V

400 v 800v

20.0 v 28.0 V

2.3V 5.2V 7.3V 10.3 V 16.3 V 23.1V

TABLE2. Power/Output Relationships

L7

TESTING TRANSMISSION LINES lf a transmission is not terminated the far end by its characteristic line at impedance, reflections occur.This phenomenon be usedto find faults will can on transmission lines'Usingyour 4001you can find out if the cableundertest is open, or short circuited, with somesimplecalculations, can find the lengihof and you tn" cable. Equipment 1-4001 PulseGenerator 1-50Qcoaxial cableto be tested(=1Om long) 1-oscilloscope 1-passive probe10:1 1-50Qtermination 1-adaptor banana female-BNC male 1-BNC connector T

oo
o a o o
BananaFemale 10:l Passive Probe

FIGURE Transmission Test 12. Line Set up the equipment shownin Figure as 12. Set the 4001to: Amplitude-6.5V Pulse widthtime-Sprsec Pulsespacetime-S l-rsec Square Wave-engaged (useVAR.outputconnector) Set the scopeto: VerticalDisplay-V/cm 1 Input Coupling-DC TrigSource-lnt Trig Mode-Audio Trig Level-Adjusted SweepTime-2psec/cm

1_8

Withthe far end open,the scopeshould display signalas shownin Figure13.The a finalamplitude reached two steps.At the moment 4001meetsthe 50e is in the of the cableitself, output at nominal the is value(midscale B on Figure and a dots 13) reflection takesplaceat the openend.Whenthis reflection feedsbackto the pulse generator output,it tellsthe 4001thatthe far end is open,and the opencircuii voltage of the 4001appears. Now-change Time/Div the scopeto 0.1psecand observe signalin Figure the of the 13.The time between points"A" and "B" is the time it takesfor the miisingsigriat to reachthe openend and return. example, For assume that (as in Figuretsny lne reflection takes12Onsec. is knownthatihe velocity a signatin I coaxial lt of cableis about0.7c (c=3x108 m/sec). the cablehasthe length lf "L'iit willtake2uo.7c before the signalreturns a reflection. as Using timeobserved the scopethe cable the on length calculated shown: is as

2 ,=ffCl

where"T,,is TIMEfor Reflection

Solving "L" we get: for t_- 7 - _ 0 .2 c T x( xf2'sec) 2= (0. 7) x(3x/08/ ms?c) 120 2

Remember the accuracy thisresult determined the Time-Base that of is by accuracy. clrcuiting end of the cableresults the waveform the in shownin Figure138 and 9!fn 13C'After12Onsec 4001"knows" its output shortcircuited the that is and the voltage dropsto zero.The cableloadinfluences idealbehavior this and zero means "almost"zero. cableloadinfluences idealbehavior zeromeans"almost,, The this and zero,whichcan be noticed fromthe offsetlevelwith respect the start. to Terminating far endwith5OOresults the waveform(shownFigure the in in 1gD). Matching far end of the cablewith a resistor the equalto itre characteiistic impedance completely eliminates reflections from the far end,iesulting a perfect in squarewave at the generator of the cable. end

L9

2rceclDiv <->

-1

\A
I

A L
L

"u"YFIGURE patterns-Transmission Testing. 13. scopewaveform Line

0.1psec/Div <--+ t

ft-B

I
- A

0 'olts

FIGURE patterns-Tnansmission Testing. 13A.scopewaveform Line

20

2rcec/Div

0 V cIts r

tr

J\

,E

FIGURE patterns-Transmission Testing. 138.scopewaveform Line

0.'l6ec/Div

0 V r lts . t -:t

? t

I.;;f.T
2nd Re rfleclion

\-

1rt Reflectior ;

FIGURE patterns-TransmissionTesting. 13c.scopewaveform Line

2L

2 psec/Div <+

r
0 V (ts t

I
't

FIGURE 13D.Scope Waveform Patterns-Transmission Testing. Line

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Figure showsthe schematic 15 diagram the 4001Pulse of Generator. heartof the The pulsegenerator the integrated is circuit dualmonostable A-1 multi-vib #74123. rator The two monostable multi-vibrators cross-coupled the "e,, outputof the first are from to the "A" inputof the secondand vice_versa. Anti-Latch Circuit Operation The cross-coupled monostabled multi-vibrator circuits longas their,,8,, as inputs are high'However, sincethe coupling between two circuits purely it is possible the ii Dc for he oscillator latch-up. froblemis overcome a special to The by triggering cir:cuit is gatedon if a1 failsto osciilate. Transistors and e4 form a hookoscillator. !9t Q3 R30and R32 biasthe baseof Q3 to 1/2Vcc whilethe emitter e3 is controiled of by R28and R29.Theseresistors connected the e output are to of the nt-t ano 41-8. As longas 41 oscillates, of the Q outputs be high.The one will average voltage the at emitter Q3 will be halfthe Q highvoltage. of Thisholdsthe emitter e3 more of negative than its base,and e3 istut off. lf the oscillator stops,b-o!h go high.Q3 emitter Qs voltagerisesaboveits basevoltage and starts conduct. and Q4 turnon and latch, to Q3 dis;harging Cre. ns eB and e4 recover fromthe latchcondition, "B" inputof At-n goeshigh,forcing the e of 41_A low,turning the hookcircuit off and restarting oscillator. the

22

Timing Circuit Operation The timing A1-Ais controlled of bythe selection capacitors throughcTand R1 of C1 through R10. The timingresistor or R10and the trim potsR1 and R7 set the range R9 for Rg,the Spacing Vernier, eachof the pulsespacing Jor switchpositions. 41-B timingsystemis the sameas A1-A. ModeSwitchOperation Run Position ln the run mode,53 removes 5 voltsfrom the inputto A5-Bcausing the the outputto go high,enabling oscillator. the Trig.Position: In the trig'position, applies voltsto R31,Q4 saturates shorts 54 5 and the,,B', inputof the.A1-A ground, to disabling 41-A.Whena positive pulseappears J4, e5 trigger at emitter goeshighandA5-Alow,A5-Bgoeshigh,triggeiing 41-B on.' GatePosition: ln the gateposition, tiesboththe baseof Q3 andthe "8" inputof A1-A 55 to the S volt.line through 1K resistor a (R33) turning Q3 and insuring 41-A is in the off that oscillator mode. To gatethe oscillator a positive on, voltageis applied J4, whichvia emitter{ollowed to Q5 causes A5-Ato go low,A5-Bto go high,and'the oscillator start. to The oscillator willcontinue runwhilethe gatesignal present. to is Whenthe gateis removed, the oscillator completes finalcycle. its One-Shot Position: The pushbutton fires? J-K FlipFlop(A2-A) whoseoutput turnsoff e5 through CR2 and R44.Thismanuaily simurates inpuiof a triggeipurse. the Output Circuit Operation TTL Out: The TTL output derived is fromfourtwo-input NANDgates. 4.7?resistor A limits the outputdriveto 40 TTL loads. Var Out: Q2 is the finaldriver the VARoutput. for The collector Q2 is tiedto Vcc whilethe of baseis tiedto the collector Q1 through 47Qresistor. collector of a The of e1 is tied highthrough 330Qresistor is alsoshunted ground a 2.SKa amptitude a and to by pot. Q1 and cR1 alsoprovide pulldown the output active for whenit is low. The outputis fed via a 47o resistor, providing correctimpedance overload the and protection.
23

Sync.Out: The inputsof A4-Dare connected a timingchainconsisting 3 TTL gates(AOto of A,A3-8,A4-A) R39,C19. outputof n-s-ois normally and The high.When it goes low, therewill be a briefinterval before signalreaches ortpi,t of A4-A in which the te neitherinputof A2-D.will high,and sJa syncwilrbe generated. be Depending the on position the complement of switch, firsttrinsitionof ine outputwitieitherbe the simultaneous the falling with edgeof the syncpulseor lsnsec afterit. PowerSupply: A plug-in type powersupplysupplies DC, plus(+) and (-) through power raw the switchdirecily the regulators. to

RECALIB RATION PROCEDURES

FuseReplacement The 4o01 is protected a type3AG slo blo 114amp(1/8amp for 230V) by 25oVpower fuse'The fuseis accessible the rearpanelof the'unit. replacement at lf of the fuse should become necessary, follow thisprocedure: 1. Disconnect AC powercord. the 2' Use a screwdriver remove fusecap holding fuseand remove to the the the fuse. 3. lnsertfuse with correct rating. NOTE:Newfusesseldom without fail malfunction the instrument. of Repeated replacement the fusewithout of correcting problem the maycausefurther damage.

CaseDisassembly Assembly and To openthe case,turnthe unitupside downwiththe rubber feetfacingup (see Figure 14).Remove four padsfromihe plastic the feet.Remou.tn" ;;;";; i;"m the center recessof eachof the four feet.

Note The flip-up willautomatically leg comefreewiththe frontfeet. Carefully separate two halvesof the caseand recalibrate unit.To close the the the case,lowerthe casebottom and guidethe frontand rearpanels intotheirslots. Position rubber the feet as illustraied screwthe two halvesof the casetogether. and Do not overtighten screws. Instail four rubber the pads.

24

Recalibration Procedure Bgforebeingshipped, your 4001PulseGenerator wentthrough very thorough a series of testsand calibration. recalibration lf becomes necessary, f|llow the instructions outlined belowcarefully. not attempt recalibrate Do to this'unit unlessyouhave e19ughexperience ihe use of an oscilloscope. warranty in See (backcover)for limits of liability.

During this recalibration procedure, to Figure controlLocations: refer 1, 1. Disconnect cabres all fromthe 40-01. Remove powercordfrom wail prug. 2' Remove top casehalf as outlined the CaseDisassemory the in piocboure. (See Figure 14)

FuseHolder And LlneCord

FIGURE CaseDisassembly Assembly 14. and

3' Reconnect powerand connect oscilloscope the TTL ouT BNCon the to the 4001.
25

4. Set up 4001frontpanelas follows: CONTROL Power (1) Mode (2) Pulse WidthSw (12) PulseSpacing (14) SW Space Vernier (10) Width Vernier (11) Square Wave(3) Comptement (4) POSITION ON RUN 100ns 100ns X1 X1 OUT OUT

5. AdjustR17for a pulsewidthof 10Onsr5o/o. 6. AdjustR7 for a pulsespacing 10Onsxlo/o. of 7' Switch PULSE WIDTH and PULSE SPACING controls their1ps positions. to B. AdjustR16for a pulsewidthof 1ps +So/o. 9. AdjustR6 for a pulsespacing 1ps xlo/o. of 10' Switch PULSE WIDTH and-PULdE SPACING controls their1oprs to positions. 11.Adjust R15for a pulse width 10ps5%. of 12.AdjustR5 for a pulsespacing 16ps5%. of 13' Switch PULSE WIDTHanOpUtSE SPACING controls their100pspositions. to 14.AdjustR14for a pulse widthof 100ps xlo/o. 15.AdjustR4 for a pulsespacing lObps l:lo/o. of 16' Switch PULSE WIDTH ano putsr SpnCtruG controls their1mspositions. to 17.AdjustR13for a pulse widthof 1ms xlo/o. 18.AdjustR3 for a pulsespacing 1ms xlo/o. of 19' Switch PULSE WIDTHano pUtSE SPACING controls their1Oms to positions. 20. AdjustR12for a pulsewidthof 1Omsxl"/o. 21. AdjustR2 for a pulsespacing lOms+So/o. of 22' Switch PULSE WIDTH ano putsE SPACING controls their100ms to positions 23. AdjustR11for a pulse widthof lOOms +5o/o. 24. AdjustR1 for a pulsespacing 100msxlo/o. of 25'.Turn power, off disconnect cables ail fromthe 4001,and reassemblethe caseas outlined the CaseReassembly in proceclure. Thiscompletes recalibration the 4001. of

26

r
_l rl I I

\ l L

t ' .

t I

t {Hlr

|r l 3

Il c
r t-

)
I

r- - -'1

- l iob ^ | ir. IO]+

L - -T-J

o
I I

I t t

r F

t"

t :

i t 8

trF

t;

rl
I
I

ii:
! l

I tit
''l
I

m
Il

tt

rt

: li ( 9

ll

tt
I

ll'

H
o t

! +r {rtI

v t

t0
g :

i:
T :

Eei
d I

tJ:JrJrJU!li
t ! I

rl
t
a

t[tlililrlif:

: i; -

6r

l r r!

t;

.g

iu ir
tv i: i {q
r 1! r at

l3
!t rf

E o .=
Y

It

s{

> l

uJ
ft

r y!
o

tr

i
l ;

i :

g.
i :

L - - J

! *i
iltltlilil!
g5 t!

..--{

ll\

iii
I o

ttr

;l

I
i c5l--r,,

I t