AM-Intro 13.0 L02 Meshing Methods

Customer Training Material
Lecture 2 L t Meshing Methods g
Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Release 13.0 February 2011
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Meshing Methods What you will learn from this presentation

Automatic Meshing Algorithms for Tetrahedral Meshing Different methods for Hex Meshing CutCell meshing g y Meshing for 2D and shell analysis New Features:
Direct Meshing P Parameterization in ANSYS M hi t i ti i Meshing Extended Meshing
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Release 13.0 February 2011
Preprocessing Workflow
Geometry Creation OR Geometry Import Geometry Operations Meshing
Solver
Sketches and a es Planes 3D Operations

Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Sweep etc
3D Operations
Boolean, Body Operations, Split, etc
Meshing Methods
Hybrid Mesh: Tet, Prisms, Pyramids
Geometry Import Options

Direct CAD/BiDirectional CAD
Geometry Cleanup and Repair

Automatic Cleanup Merge, Connect, Projection, Flow Volume Extraction, etc
Hexa Dominant, Sweep meshing
CutCell meshing
Global Mesh Settings Local Mesh Settings

Sizing, g Body/Sphere of Influence, Match Control, etc
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Meshing Process in ANSYS Meshing
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Meshing Methods
Meshing Methods available for 3D bodies
Automatic Tetrahedrons
Patch Conforming Patch Independent
MultiZone
Mainly hexahedral elements
Hex dominant Sweep CutCell
Meshing Methods available for 2D bodies

Automatic Method (Q d D i A t ti M th d (Quad Dominant) t) Triangles Uniform Quad/Tri Uniform Q d U if Quad
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Triangle (Tri)
Quadrilateral (Quad)

Automatic Meshing Method g
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Automatic Meshing Method
The Automatic setting toggles between Tetrahedral (Patch Conforming) and Swept Meshing, depending upon whether the body is sweepable. Bodies in the same part will have a conformal mesh
Patch Conforming Mesh
Swept S ept Meshing
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Tetrahedron/hybrid Meshing y g
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Meshing Methods: Tetrahedron

Generates tetrahedral elements Two algorithms are available:
Patch Conforming ( g (TGrid) ) Patch Independent (ICEM CFD)
Patch Conforming Mesh
Patch Independent Mesh
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Tetrahedron Meshing Algorithms

Patch Conforming:
Bottom up approach : Meshing process starts from edge, face and then body All faces and their boundaries are respected and meshed Good for clean CAD geometries
Patch Independent:
Top down approach : The volume mesh is g p pp generated first, and this is p j , projected on to faces and edges to create the surface mesh The faces and their boundaries (edges and vertices) are not necessarily respected if they fall under a specified tolerance, unless, there is a named selection, l d b l ti load, boundary condition or other object scoped t th d diti th bj t d to them Good for gross de-featuring of dirty CAD geometries
Both tetrahedron meshing algorithms can be applied to the parts, bodies and multibody parts N d ltib d t New i AM 13.0! in 13 0! Both tetrahedron meshing algorithms can be inflated for boundary layer resolution often required for CFD
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Tetrahedron Meshing: Patch Conforming Method

Right click on Mesh and insert a Method Select the body(s) to which the method is to be applied Set the Method to Tetrahedrons and the Algorithm to Patch Conforming Different parts and bodies can have different p methods New in AM 13.0! Surface mesh is generated first which by default respects the boundaries of all faces and edges p g in the geometry and the volume mesh is created from the surface mesh Mesh does not depend on any loads, boundary p y , y conditions, Named Selections or results scoped to the bodies
Faces in close proximity
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Tetrahedron Meshing: Patch Conforming Method

Example:
Faces, edges and proximities are respected and resolved
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Tetrahedron Meshing: Patch Independent Method

Handy for dirty CAD with sliver faces, short edges, poor surface parameterization, etc. With the Method to Tetrahedrons, set the Algorithm to Patch Independent The boundaries of faces and edges will not be respected unless there is a Named Selection, load, boundary condition or other object scoped to them Note that there are additional settings for mesh defeaturing and also refinement settings based on curvature and proximity Possible to set different curvature and proximity settings for different bodies Additional Smooth Transition option New in AM 13.0! Possible to control the growth rate and the feature angle locally New in AM 13.0! g y Ability to write ICEM CFD files New in AM 13.0!
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Example: 1
Face and edges under the th named selection d l ti for this method are respected Define Named Selections before grid generation process
Without Named selections, faces and edges are not respected
Faces and edges under named selections are respected
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Example: 2
Set Mesh Based Defeaturing to On and enter a value for the Defeaturing Tolerance g
Geometry
No Defeaturing
Defeaturing Tolerance of 0.1
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Example: 3
Effect of Curvature and Proximity Refinement
Curvature and P i it R fi C t d Proximity Refinement Y (d f lt) t Yes (default)
Curvature and P i it R fi C t d Proximity Refinement N t No
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Example: 4
Effect of Smooth Transition New in AM 13.0! Smooth transition uses advanced front meshing technique
Smooth T S th Transition Off (default) iti (d f lt)
Smooth T S th Transition O iti On
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Tetrahedron Meshing with Inflation

Can be referred to as Prism Layers. Generally needed to :
Resolve high gradients of flow variables and physics complexities in close vicinity of walls for CFD analysis Resolve thin air gaps in Electromagnetic analysis Resolve regions of high stress concentrations in Mechanical analysis
Inflation layers can be generated from Tri and Quad surface mesh Inflation can be grown both with Patch Conforming as well as Patch Independent tetrahedron meshing methods Inflation can be applied using global mesh settings as well as using pp g g g g Local mesh settings
Inflation preview
Tet + Prisms
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Virtual Topology
When to use? To merge together a number of small (connected) faces/edges To simplify small features in the model To simplify load abstraction for mechanical analysis To create edge splits for better control of the surface mesh New In AM 13.0!
Virtual cell modifies the topology

Original CAD model remains unchanged New faceted geometry is created with virtual topology
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Virtual Topology : Example
Without Virtual cells: g p Edges are respected while creating surface mesh With Virtual cells: Small faces are merged to form a single virtual face and edges of the original set of faces are no longer respected for meshing
Creating virtual topologies RMB on Model tree and

select Insert Virtual Topology Select Virtual Topology from the Tree Outline g Pick faces or edges, RMB and Insert Virtual Cell
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Virtual Topology : Example

Creating edge split New in AM 13.0!
Select Virtual Topology from the Tree Outline Pick the edge(s) RMB and select Virtual Split Edge at + or Virtual Split Edge to split the edge at the location specified by the selection, or to enter the split ratio in the Details window, window respectively
With edge splits: g p We can add edge constrains to improve the mesh Edge splits can be moved interactively. Pick the virtual edge, hold the F4 key and move the red node along the edge with the mouse
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Hex/Hex Dominant Meshing g
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Introduction
Hex/Hex Dominant Meshing
Reduced element count
Faster convergence
Elements aligned in direction of flow

Improved Accuracy
Tet Mesh Elements: 83K
Reduced numerical error
Methods Available
Hex Dominant Sweep MultiZone
Initial Requirements q
Clean geometry
Hex Dominant Mesh Elements: 24K
Interoperability between methods

Can be used along with other hex methods New in AM 13.0!
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Hex Dominant Meshing
Generates unstructured hex dominant mesh The mesh contains a combination of tet and pyramid cells with majority of cell being of hex type Useful f bodies which cannot be swept f for Useful for CFD applications not requiring inflation Useful for CFD in the range of acceptable Skewness or Orthogonal Quality Q lit mesh quality metrics h lit ti Access
RMB on Mesh Insert Method Definition Method
Hex Dominant
Hex Dominant Mesh

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Sweep Meshing
Sweeps the surface mesh in the specified direction
Generates hex / wedge elements
B d must have t Body th topologically id ti l f l i ll identical faces on two ends, (which act as source and target faces)
Topologically identical faces on two ends are known as source and target faces o sou ce a d ta get aces
Only one source and one target face is allowed Thin models can have multiple source and target faces Access
Sweep Mesh
Sweep
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Sweep Meshing
Sweepable bodies
ANSYS Meshing can find sweepable bodies in the geometry automatically
Geometry
RMB on Mesh to find sweepable bodies
Sweepable bodies in green color
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Sweep Meshing
Sweepable bodies
Simple decomposition can give sweepable bodies Decomposition can be performed in CAD/DM
Geometry with no sweepable body
Decomposed Geometry (decomposed in CAD/DM)
Sweepable bodies
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Sweep Meshing
Control: Source/Target Selection
Automatic
ANSYS Meshing automatically finds source and target
M Manual S l Source & M Manual S l Source and T d Target t

Required in case of defining inflation with sweep method
Automatic Thin & Manual Thin

Multiple source and target faces
Details View of Sweep Method
Sweep Direction
Source Face
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Target Face
Sweep Meshing
Example:
Src/Trg Selection - Automatic
Automatic Selection
Sweepable Body
Sweep Mesh No inflation
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Sweep Meshing
Example:
Src/Trg Selection Manual
Manual Selection
Sweepable Body
Sweep Mesh p with inflation
You cannot perform 3D inflation on bodies scoped with the Sweep method You can perform 2D inflation on the source face of the Sweep, provided that it has been manually selected
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Sweep Meshing
Example:
Src/Trg Selection - Rotational sweep for sector like geometry
Target Face
Manual Selection Source Face Sweepable bodies Sweep Mesh: W d S M h Wedge and Hex elements
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Sweep Meshing
Example:
Src/Trg Selection Automatic Thin
Sweepable Body Multiple source faces
Automatic Thin Selection
Thin Sweep M h Thi S Mesh
For multibody parts only one sweep number of divisions is allowed for Automatic or Manual Thin sweep method
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MultiZone Meshing
Based on blocking approach used in ANSYS ICEM CFD Hexa
Automatically decomposes geometry
U Uses structured and unstructured bl k t t d d t t d blocks Can have multiple source and target faces Depends on settings of Free Mesh Type
St t d bl k are meshed with H Structured blocks h d ith Hexa or Hexa/Prism If Free Mesh Type is set to other than Not Allowed then unstructured blocks are meshed with Tetra, Hexa Dominant or Hex Core based on the selected method
MultiZone Mesh
Program Controlled inflation New in AM13.0! AM13. A Access

MultiZone
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MultiZone Meshing
Control:
Src/Trg Selection - Automatic
Geometry for MultiZone Meshing
Details View of MultiZone Method
MultiZone Mesh
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MultiZone Meshing
Control:
Src/Trg Selection - Manual
Geometry for MultiZone Meshing
Details View of MultiZone Method
Cut section of MultiZone Mesh
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MultiZone Meshing
Control:
Free (unstructured) Mesh Type
Type: Tetra
Type: Hexa Dominant
Geometry
Type: Hexa Core

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MultiZone Meshing
Control:
Local Defeaturing Tolerance
Sliver face in the mesh No Defeaturing
Geometry with a sliver face Using Defeaturing
Small face ignored in the mesh
C b also controlled with global Can be l t ll d ith l b l defeaturing tolerance New in AM 13.0!
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CutCell Meshing g
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CutCell Meshing
Cartesian meshing method designed for ANSYS FLUENT solver Patch independent volume meshing approach with automatic edge defeaturing driven by advanced size functions Suitable for a wide range of CFD applications Useful for meshing fluid bodies in single or multibody parts Inflation support Access
Set Active to Yes under CutCellMeshing g option from the global control
New in AM 13.0!
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CutCell Meshing
Tetrahedrons
Multizone
Hexa dominant
CutCell
Meshes from default settings. Keeping approximately the same resolution on the inlets
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CutCell Meshing main controls

Physics/Solver set to CFD/Fluent Advanced size function
Edge p g proximity sources accessible and y recommended for better feature capturing
Use 3D inflation CutCellMeshing controls g

Feature Capture (default =40) Smaller angle to capture more features Angle = 0 to capture all CAD features Tessellation (faceting) refinement
Statistics: Orthogonal Quality suitable for CutCell mesh
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CutCell Meshing Workflow

Set global CutCell meshing and sizing controls. This includes:

Set the prerequisites (CFD & Fluent preferences) Activate the CutCell mesh method Set CutCell meshing options (Feature Caption and Tessellation Refinement) Set sizing options Set global inflation controls
Apply scoped sizings Generate the CutCell mesh Apply scoped inflation controls (if inflation is required) Generate the inflation mesh Export the mesh to Fluent
Th mesh i exported i polyhedral f The h is t d in l h d l format t
When CutCell is active some controls and features are inaccessible (see the Users Guide for details) User s
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CutCell Meshing Workflow Example

Set global CutCell meshing controls and sizing including global inflation, if required Set local sizings, if required g , q Generate the Mesh
Set scoped inflation, if required Generate the inflation
Inflation is a post process for CutCell meshing. We can add/delete/modify/suppress local inflation settings, and the meshing process will begin with the initial mesh and inflate from there
Modify/delete/add inflation y settings Generate the inflation
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CutCell meshing limitations

Cannot be used in combination with other Meshing Methods Only single or multi-body part meshing Assembly meshing is available as a beta option Feature recovery limitations
Sharp trailing edges and acute edges will produce a jagged mesh Recovering some features might lead to bad quality
Prior to meshing the user has to resolve the geometry features properly in the CAD modeler
A id unnecessary geometry d t il Avoid t details Min size should be of smallest 3D feature, it needs always to be adjusted
Neither Body or Surface of Influence are supported Inflation not supported on baffles or internal walls Ignored symmetry condition for meshing
Failure in the CutCell meshing algorithm is almost always related to faceting issues in relation to the value of Min Size. Make sure that the value of Min Size truly represents the smallest size that you want the curvature and proximity size function to capture
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CutCell meshing
Example
Min size adjusted to < 0.5 the smallest target feature
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CutCell meshing
Example
Edge Ed proximity size i it i function source used to recover features

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CutCell meshing
DLR F6 example
Engine cut
Wing cut
Cp
Meshed with default

cutcell settings Converged results regardless the very small min Orthogonal Quality More refinement needed to get accurate results
Mach
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2D & Shell Meshing g
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Meshes for 2D Analyses
Both Fluent and the Mechanical Products in the ANSYS Portfolio accept 2D & Shell Meshes for 2D and 3D surface analyses For 2D analysis in FLUENT generate the mesh in XY plane (z=0). For axisymmetric applications y 0 and make sure that the domain is axisymmetric about x axis For 2D analysis in CFX, create a volume mesh (using Sweep) that is 1 element thick in the symmetry direction, i.e.,
Thin Block for Planar 2D Thin Wedge (< 5) for 2D Axis-symmetric
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Methods for Surface Meshing

Meshing Methods for Surface Bodies
Automatic Method (Quad Dominant) Triangles Uniform Quad/Tri Uniform Quad
Automatic
Triangles
Uniform Quad
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Surface Meshing with Inflation

Quad mesh with Inflation
Inflation can be applied on the selected edges or named selections New in AM 13.0!
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Mapped Face Meshing: Example

Appropriate definition of vertices and edge grading results in a good structured mesh
E E E E E S E S E E E
Vertex types are discussed in the chapter on local mesh settings in the mapped face meshing section section.
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Mesh Connections
For sheet models, connections can be defined as Mesh connections Mesh connections can be used to extend mesh at mesh l h h level l
Tolerance Value can be specified to close gaps at mesh level
Gap
Connected Mesh
Gap removed at mesh level
Mesh connections will be created at mesh time (rather than as CE in solver)
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Shell Meshing: Example

New in AM 13.0! Edge colored by the number of connected faces A t Automatic generation of mesh connections ti ti f h ti Mesh connectivity can be shown also after meshing Ability to find mappable faces
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New features
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Direct Meshing
With Direct Meshing from R13.0 the user has greater access to directly mesh bodies of multibody parts Advantages of Direct Meshing: New i AM 13 0! N in 13.0!
Bodies can be meshed individually Mesh seeding from meshed bodies influence neighbors (user has control) Automated meshing can be used at any time to finish rest of meshing When controls are added, only affected body meshes go out of date Selective body updating Extensive mesh method interoperability
Make sure to allow this feature under Meshing Options in ANSYS Meshing
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Direct Meshing
Local meshing
Bodies can be deleted/meshed/remeshed individually Subsequent bodies will use the attached face mesh The meshing results will depend on the meshing order RMB on the body(ies) and generate the mesh locally
Automated meshing Meshing first g the pipe then the block Meshing first g the block then the pipe
Hexas
Hexas Meshed with default meshing settings
Wedges
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Direct Meshing
Local remeshing
Once a multibody part is meshed we can decide later on to put more controls on a set of bodies, such us: h
Local sizings, inflation, BOI, etc
Put the controls, RMB on the select the body(ies), clean the mesh and remesh locally mesh.
Geometry with a BOI inside
BOI
Without BOI
With BOI
Only the affected body is remeshed. The mesh on the adjacent bodies remains unchanged
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Direct Meshing
Selective body updating
Only modified body(ies) is remeshed. The mesh on the adjacent bodies remains unchanged g Significant time savings on model change The user can have more control by allowing Smart CAD Update and Compare Parts On Update, see Users Guide for details
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Mesh Method Interoperability

Now there is method interoperability between all mesh methods
Patch Independent tetrahedrons (Smooth Transition On)
New in AM 13.0!
Hexa Dominant
Multizone
Sweep Patch Conforming tetrahedrons

Patch Independent tetrahedrons (Smooth Transition Off)

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Parameterization in ANSYS Meshing

Meshing controls can now be parameterized
Global controls and local controls Selection of parameter promotes the parameter to the WB project page Geometry and Meshing parameters can be related using expressions in the parameter manager
New in AM 13 0! 13.0!
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Parameterization project example
Number of divisions
on the outlet pipe equal to two times its length Number of divisons on the inlet pipe equal to its length + 4
8+4=12 divisions 2
Outlet Inlet
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Parameterization project example (Cont)
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APPENDIX
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Sweep Meshing
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Surface Meshing with Inflation

Triangular Mesh with Inflation
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CutCell meshing
Blower example
Inlet_duct part
Casting part
Assembly of p y parts meshed with the beta option using default cutcell settings
All beta features are accessible by allowing Beta Options under Tools/Options/Appearance in ANSYS Workbench
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Extended Meshing
Add-on to ANSYS Meshing to provide Extending Meshing ANSYS Extended Meshing enables:
Running ICEM CFD or TGrid stand-alone Running ICEM CFD or TGrid from the ANSYS Meshing application using:
Interactive/Batch scripting options for Write ICEM CFD Files Interactive TGrid as part of CutCell meshing (beta)
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AM-Intro 13.0 L02 Meshing Methods

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Customer Training Material

Lecture 2 L t Meshing Methods g

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Meshing Methods What you will learn from this presentation

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Customer Training Material

Sketches and a es Planes 3D Operations

Geometry Import Options

Geometry Cleanup and Repair

Hexa Dominant, Sweep meshing

Global Mesh Settings Local Mesh Settings

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Meshing Process in ANSYS Meshing

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Customer Training Material

Hex dominant Sweep CutCell

Meshing Methods available for 2D bodies

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Automatic Meshing Method g

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Automatic Meshing Method

Customer Training Material

Swept S ept Meshing

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Meshing Methods: Tetrahedron

Customer Training Material

Patch Conforming Mesh

Patch Independent Mesh

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Tetrahedron Meshing Algorithms

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Tetrahedron Meshing: Patch Conforming Method

Customer Training Material

Faces in close proximity

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2011 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 February 2011

Introduction to ANSYS Meshing

Tetrahedron Meshing: Patch Conforming Method

Customer Training Material

Faces, edges and proximities are respected and resolved