Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
"^^ *-.^^
'>
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
^-^
'&
^^4l<. ^4^,
4^
1.0
;>^ lii
^W ,1^
^.v
';[|*^t:ii
33
dQBODcS
Corporation
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICMH
Collection de microfiches.
The
haa attamptad to obtain tha baat copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow.
Instituta
original
qu'il lui
a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaira a At* possible de se procurer. Les d*tails da cat exemplaira qui sont paut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthoda normala de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous.
L'Institut
n
r
I
D D D
Cover
I I
title
missing/
Le
titre
de couverture manque
Coloured maps/ Cartas gAographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encra de couleur (i.e. autre qua blaua ou noire)
D
13
Showthrough/
Transparence
Quality of print varies/ QualitA InAgala de I'impresslon
D D
or diatortion
la
marge
intArieura
Blank laavaa added during restoration may appear within tha text. Whenever poaaibia, these have iMen omitted from filming/ II aa peut que certalnas pagaa blanchaa ajout^aa lors d'une restauration apparaissant dans la taxta, rsqua cela Atait poaaibla, eee pages n'ont mals, paa At* fiimAas.
I
D D D D
Comprend du
Only edition available/ Saule Adition disponible obscured by errata have l>aan ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pagaa totalamant ou partiellement obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont AtA fiimAaa A nouveau de fa^on A obtanir la mailleure image possilMe.
Pagaa wholly or
partially
Varioui pi|ingi.
This item
is
Ce document
10X
filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ est fllmA au taux da rAduotlon IndlquA ci-daaaous.
14X
Itx
22X
MX
SOX
7
12X
itx
aox
24X
aix
''imw^
bMn
raproducad thanks
ia
Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quaiity possibia conaidaring tha condition and iagibility of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha
filming contract spacificationa.
Las imagas suivantas ont At* raproduitas avac ia plus grand soin, compta tanu da ia condition at da ia nattatA da l'axampiaira film*, at an conformity avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Laa axampiairas orlglnaux dont la couvartura an paplar ast irnprimte sont fiimte an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par ia darnlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Imprassion ou d'illustratlon, soit par ia sacond plat, salon ia cas. Tous las autras axampiairas orlglnaux sont filmAs an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Imprassion ou d'illustratlon at an tarminant par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una talia amprainta.
Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara fiimad baginning with tha front eovar and anding on tha iaat paga with a printad or llluatratad Impraaslon, or tha back covar whan approprlata. All othar original coplas ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or llluatratad Imprasslon, and anding on tha last paga with a printad
or llluatratad Imprasslon.
racordad frama on aach microficha tha symbol i^- Imaaning "CONTINUED"), or tha symbol (moaning "END"),
Tha
Iaat
ahail contain
whichavar appliaa.
Un das symbolas suivants apparattra sur la darnMra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la signifia "A SUIVRE", ia caa: la symbols signifia "FIN ". aymboia
-^
Mapa. platas, charts, ate, may ba fiimad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thoaa too larga to ba antlraly Inciudad In ona axposura ara fllmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand oornar, laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa as raquirad. Tha following diagrama lllustrata tha
mathod:
Las cartas, planchaa, tabiaaux. ate, pauvant Atra filmAs A daa taux da reduction diffArants. Lorsqua la documant ast trap grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul clichi, 11 ast film* A partir da I'angki supAriaur gaucha, da gaucha A drolta, at da haut an bas, an pranant ia nombra d'imagas nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants
lliustrant ia
mAthoda.
2 5
r-
JttrSmHk
Jtt ft tmif'
lanJtfo^t
hr
X.SmM,
(^.
ntaJu^n^ A^^c^^-:
r.tmt
JUtfMfJ^
Ji.-t0ntmi
kXftt J^lt.tt**.
c/
HISTORY
OF
THE
MAROONS,
FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF THEIR CHIEF TRIBE
AT
SIERRA LEONE
INCLUDING THE
EXPEDITION TO CUBA,
0R THE PURPOSE 01 PROCURING SPANISH CHASSEURS;
AHU
-rnr
,
WITH A
THAT
PERIOD.
IN
TWO
VOLUMES.
VOL. L
By R.
C.
DALLAS,
Esq.
LONDON:
tRINTID BT
pt fr JS. Anitt.
A.
ITRAHAN, rKlNTBRI-STRBKTi
0. RHES,
VOK
T. N.
LONGMAN AND
'
PATERNOSTER-ROW.
1803.
uv
;;
r
V.
t
t-iiryi
;Ki
^sdii.^"::.!.
'HloacD
:'Uvj
ijr
-r.
TO THE HONOURAaL*
.v.;.ivi.1a
..:-v::^Oil
ISLAND OF JAMAICA.
J
*
>.;[?;
Vr
f
,f
":
'
^j
Jl
My
dear
Sir,
;,
,a:,^
-^ip-^
Dedications,
tion of
as
in
my
opinion,
m author's feelings
private
either
marks of
aiFedion, or
Whea
Vour
the
that I
(bould,
for
advantage of the
work,
.-fn^:;^
Iv
work, infcribe
in this country
it
to fome
perfon
of greater influence
does
than
yourfelf,
tJiah
;
you
nvore
honour
a dedication
i
but as
it
have
all
the honpur of
I
it,
know
than
not
how
by
prefixing
to
thefe
have been
to
publicly ac-.
faved
his
knowledged
have
myfelf has outlived the united attacks of time, abfence, and adverfity
jj:;vr
:00 to viiHi/r'
nr. '^vpi} i
.nfl
fo
ri.
.r WW
important
and
furniftied
me
with
(o large a portion of
my
materials,
for
my
re-
afliftance
and
am.
my
dear Sir,
the higheft efteem.
'
With
/
And
warmeft
aflfedlion,
Your
fincere friend.
R. C.
London,
DALLAS.
March
\ft^
1803
A3
CONTENTS.
*.,
Preface.
Succinct History.
LETTER
SuhjeSfs propofed.
I.
Brief
PrO"
<f
I'racle.
Population. MiliAB.'Affairs
that Iflaml.
Dcmingo.
Emigrations from
A Tri-
Domingo Planters
dition in Confequence^
Ail Manner
Page
'
LETTER
Jamaica relinqui^jed
left.-^Juan
de
Boias.
IL
by the Spaniards.
Spanijb
the
Slaves
Origin
of
Maroons.
They
Re-
ele^
The
Maroons
increafe in
.,,,
united
'%^
^r
'
">
to Cudjoe's
Arms and
among
the
Ammunition.^General
Maroons of the
vernment
employed,
different
eflablifhes
advanced Pojls.
Mufquit9 Indians
War*
~-Cudjoe
Progrefs of the
The
Determines frfl
Sadler march
to
Defcription of Cudjoe.
Peace
-
concluded.
Copy of
the
Treaty,
Page 22
['
LETTER
Party fent
to
III.
Defcription
gulars
Ambufhed,Party under Peace with ^tao. Captain Adair Windward Maroon of Difpute Savage of Revenge, Peace and
^tao.
Burn fome
the
Spirit
Huts.
fent to negotiate
Settlement.^
Militia.
concluded,
thofe
and
of Cudjoe*s,
6S
LETTER
'
IV.
.,
.,^v
.^;
and
Tafie.-^-^
4
;
^Office
>
:#
I
*^Ojtce of Superintendant. -^
Laws
to
relative
to
the
the
dijlin^ Body,
Ufeful
Indixiduals
and
tillage.
Traffic'-^Marriagei,-^
Vifttors.
of White
Funerals*
Page
7JI
...
Caufes ofthe
fcription
LETTER
CharaSler
V.
,
^
^
Maroon War. -Deand Major John James. Old of Montague. Major James Hopes Maroons. Lord Maroon Town. The from Two Maroons Hand of ment Maroons from The Trelawney towards Maroon Mediators go up Town. TheRefult Town. and Meeting. of c an Maroons. Their The and and Regulars 121
Previous Occurrences,
negleEls the OJfcc ofSuperin^
tendant.
tion
Infubordina^
ofthe
placed on
Balcarres.-^
Crajkell driven
the
Panijh-
of
by the
to
a Slave.
Infolent
Letter
the
Militia proceed
Smithes Meffage,
to
the
Their Reception
Proceedings.
the
Opinions refpeEiing
immediate Jiccommodation.
Humiliation
Suhmiffton.
Militia difcharged^
-
recalled.
%(:'.
Obfervations,
*^;^t^'
*
'hiefs*
Office
LETTER
*.
mUk
^
^rS^
LETTER
out
VI.
ing Reports.
iion
1
Alar
trim
Declara-%
The Lieutenant-Governor
The
arrefleJ.
Proclamation.
called in.
Maroon Captains
at
Lord
Balcarres
Vaughan*s Field.
and Smith
eJlabliJJjes
Head- ^tarters
Their
Reception,
rii
'
back toTrclatuneyTowrt,
the
Pub'
Force colle^ed.
Hojlilities,
Colonel
advances
to the
Scite
the
Old
Confequence.
Colonel
Gallimore
hilled.
i:
The Maroons
the
retire to
Guthri^s
War,
Dunbar^
the
PoffeJJion
jiccotnpongifhot.
go in
of the Scite
Defile,
Progrefs
of
Maroon.
rejeBed,
^ames
leads
is
a Party
to
Ptfle,He
infulted by Miflake^
Page
66
LETTER
I
:
Vn.
given
to
,.i*-Aii.'
H^lan of Operations,
till
Command
Colonel Fitch,
to
Vaughant^
to
vftt the
Maroon Pri*
xi
Tomlinfon.
Maroons.
Lieutenant
to
Colonel Fitch
otnbuJJjed.
Lee*s Poji,
~The Party
Colotiel
Brijet
La
others killed.^"
Fitch
killed. '-^Captain
Lord
Frtte
Houfe of
his Declaration.
denies every
Part of
Affembly recommend ta
all the
Lord
ojf.
Grant
to
and
'res
French hefent
Lord Baler,
Grant
Companies of
killing or
taking
^Var, Gloom
Trelawney
cajl
Town
Maroon. State
of the
Page 2 If
J.ETTER
General Walpole appointed
to the
VIII.
Command.
His
S'^JIem,
His
hlifljes
Maroons^'
Walpole
ejla*
General
Skinner.
\66
of a Reinforcement.
Coffee Houfes at
Colonel
Stores and.
Works
at
^
Amity
dijlodged
from
of another.
Forced
on a Height.-^
Head- ^uirters in
at
Guard Htll.John"
and
hi*
\rtyi.
\n^
xii
and compelled
tuith the
Maroons.
to
Men fall
in
Drummond and
'
Johnfon.
State
Maroon Pri-
War^
Page 233
jl!!!
p&
ill'
'I
---"i
v..^
r:,M
II
ii
rt ^ * ,
,^
:j;
>(,.
no
iJ.u-.
PREFACE.
1 HE magnitude of
the
objeds which
have engaged the attention of the world during the laft thirteen years ; the revolution of empires, the deftrudion of l^atcs,
men, the
Hce of millions of
lives,
though unavailing ambition of groveling upilarts, the unnatural policy and feeble
efforts
France to abfolute authority, and the extraordinary feats and good fortune of the
man
who, big with the intent of Caefar eroding the Rubicon at the head of the flower of
the
Roman
;
men
to gigantic contemplations.
I.
We
have
feea
Vol,
^m^
ii
feen
perifh
a pious
and
fcafFold
beneficent
;
monarch
on a
another, virtuous,
aflaflinated
;
ardent,
a fourth
;
and
fifth,
and a
Peter's
fovereign
from
St.
and dying
crown,
in captivity
Queen,
bereft of her
Ml
on the
ijjl
her
1181
life
cution.
We have
;
navy of a fmall
all
ifland
blockading
all
the ports of
the maritime
powers
region,
chafing vidorious
Italy,
armies before
and fcowering the Alps; him through and an Englifhman blowing up navies, one
after the other,
at
the
pole
iliill
in fine,
we have
the paffions
't'
the
very exiftence.
ill
ttie
mind
views, heightens
them as the eye, after poring over the unbounded expanfe of the ocean, is relieved and delighted by a ftreamlet and a dell. Encou raged by this reflexion, I undertook, at the requeft of a friend, to write the hiftory of a fhort war, carried on by the government in
fatisfation
in
Maroons, long
of that ifland
;
a fubjedl
the
more
its
on account of
uncommon
colony.
My
tafk,
con*
5
of the war
war
part
in
fcntment on one
of the country
it
),
proper to extend
it
my
ying
the
plan,
by including
in
Cuba
,
-
a 2
chaiTcurs.
Mitii
iv
chafleurs,
ftate
of
which
light,
fubjeft has
been
more
intereiling
When
fay that
it is
of an
uncommon
nature, I
that
am
was taken of
in parliament, nor of
;
by Mr, Edwards
it
but
it
or detailed.
Far be
from
me
to fpeak
lightly of the
ihall
able to derive
I
or no
afli (lance
from
in
11
by him
it,
as
incumbent
upon me, I lound very few of the particulars which I purpofed to detail ; and faw,
with fom9 pain, that in thofe few,
formation did not concur with his
:
my
in-
a cir-
it
doubly neceflary
me to
to
ftate
The
gentle-
man,
and
whom
who was
if, is
geded
my
information
:
ation;
full
weight when
the
known
that he ferved in
Maroon war ; that he was the commiffioner fent to Cuba for the SpaniQi chafTeurs;
and afterwards the commiffary entrufted with the removal of the Maroons from Jamaica to Nova Scotia, where he remained
he has a confiderable property in Jamaica, where he was a member of the Houfe of Aflembly at the
;
that
is
now
member of
I
The
converfations
had with
that
gentleman,
convinced
me
the
would be highly interefting to the public ; and I found it a duty, as well as a pleafure, to comply with his defire. To
fubjedl
make myfelf
but
I
not
it,
requeued and obtained copious notes and I wrote the greater part of the book
while
we were under
full,
The
notes were fo
wifhed him to
his
I
them under
own
I
name ;
fortify
there-
While, however,
ihip, I
cenfure
(
r
vi
cenfure for
my
defeds or opinions.
For
have to anfwer ; though, of the two laft, own I have adopted much from him. Mr,
,111111
nent
he requefted, where
it
was neceflary
me
to
comdraw
pen through paflages which he thought complimentary, and fome cf which, fmce
his departure
r
my
from England,
have
refto-t
;,:!!
i-t
was my good fortune to be introduced to Mr. Robertfon, who had juft arrived from Jamaica for the purpofe of publifliing the highly finiflied maps of that ifland, which he had completed under the
prefs,
now
in the hands
knowledged by
maica, to
all
whom
r<
by
vii
by Mr. Quarrell with a fmall fketch of the feat of the laft Maroon war, which he had himfelf penciled from imagination this I (howed to Mr. Robertfon, Who was highly
:
it
he kindly undertook to draw a precife plan of it, v/ith which my readers cannot but
be highly
obligation
gratified.
I
Nor
is
this the
only
am
who, having fervedas an officer in the Ma^ Toon war, enabled me to extend my detail <3f the events in which he perfonally fhared, and who alfo' favoured me with a journal written by Dr. Tate, of the laft expedition
into the
chafleurs,
1^77 ^:raot
and to the journals of the Houfe of Affembly for whatever they contain re-
lative to
my
fubje^t. If
information that
the
;
Maroons themfelves,
;
be
remembered,
a 4
.',
.*
Vlll
more than two years the commiflary who went with them to Halibered, that for
fax in
had frequent opportunities of converfing with them, of obferving their charader, and of judging of the truth
S<fotia,
Nova
of their
the
>
affertions.
zeal
of Edwards,
;
painting
I
thefe
people as tygers
4i
if I
own that
I
have read
of more favage
n-m
cafts,
and that
have
known
lefs
fome
diftinguiflied
by complexions
;
% m
I
me
their
due
I trufl I ihall
not there-
'ill
my
opinion
refpedting
it is
of the
fifth letter.
fome years
to
new
I
me
myfelf that
it
may, with
public.
diffident.
1^<
confidence,
lay
before the
I
It is
am
The
tomed to the pure didion of a Robertfon, and the energytic flyle of a Gibbon, becomes nice in the language of hiflory; whoever
i^
whoever pretends to tread their paths, fhould remember their powers, and fully weigh his own therefore, although my
:
tafk
is
of an hiftorical nature,
it
was ready
that did
was one
not require
all
was glad
to take fhelter
To
render the
work complete,
have
and
papers as
tion.
The
of Jamaica
was
my intention
going
from the
beft authorities,
by
my
application,
and rendered
me for
a con-
fiderable time
unable to purfue
my work,
much
fpirit
I requefted a friend, to
kind attentions
am
He
is
has compofed
it
with a
that
;/'
kindnefs.
To
volumes
relate,
and
this
am
highly gratified in
my
it
tQ
fl
There
is
upon a writer
reader
is
;
to
this is
forgiven.
my
I
to feparate
allude to a letter,
will be
I
found in
received
in anfwer to
one
gation of Chriftianity
among
the negroes
I
by
the
French miHionaries.
was too
his
'
much
J
gratified
America.
..'..,-
letter
; :
'
(
letter to
.
) I
omit
it
but,
though
am
fenfiblc
ofthQ
beg pardon of
my
happen to offend by an afFedation of extenuating what a feeling mind may think ftands in no need of pardon. Proud of the friend ihip of the Bifhop of Meaux,
in
I wiflied
'
much
to fpeak of
him
but
my
preface,
fenti;
me
he has forbidden me to indulge the wifti " If you mention thefc circumftances,'*
fays he,
" fpeak
little
of me, except to
make
give
it
known
that I
am your
friend
me no
gratifying
my
how-
my
to
pen*
.^ewj
It is
well
known
my
ftate
friends, that I
early profelTed
ties
my abhorrence
as
it
of the cruel-
attendant
upon the
of flavery, and
of flavery
youth.
itfelf,
appeared to
me
iri
my
my fcntimcnts
'
sii
in thefe
me
to the
charge of inconfiftency,
obferve, that
it
beg leave to
opinions but
ftill
is
not
;
my
I
am
an ene-
my
but
to cruelty.
I
revolution,
I
was an
and
i
right.
The former
are unequivocal
and
proceed from
God
Throughout the work, but particularly in the laft part of it, umbrage may poffibly be taken by fome men who will meet paffages and fads, of which they will deem the exTruth and pofure a kind of facrilege.
general good, not individual intcrefts, are
'
the obje(5ts
J,
have in view
but, in dating
declare that
lufl
ticular
allufion,
his hand.
That
the
XIU
may be
account
wars
may be
difafters,
of their country,
rela-
and
of
to a
tions and
its
claffes
inhabitants
and
mod
ral
inftancei
it
gratifies,
may
in others
religion
and
my
book, and
my
heart,
^i^'\
^:v^mm
|t#.''V.'!'tVA,
M
"hi^i
u,
'I
y^i
*'"')'
*/-rPittf -e^r?*-
"i
'
Cli-0-
l4t
"
-.*+
?*
iCift
5*1
m-
./,
ILIT
-ft-
L.,
.-
v'j
UIt
^m
iKiiuiivt
.*ri<^,
!.>n;r: Yf.
?*?
ia
<
t-.h-flw If
*- Xfy^
[m
^mrnm^-
.y^^w
,v-
rs^^^e^8r'
-**SlflW**l',
'in,***!*
iwt
^*(P7J^
:'J*
Jfe->,^
HMtt/ii^f ,/lf
Lt>tt%tiifHt i'
Hrrt
J^i^'riJ
hthi%*h^i /iw
,
i.t>nt/ttM9t A'
Hrr4
,Mt%r\'h
tft.
/*V3
.IXt^'^ll.'
M"
r-*
V-'' f
'^'
..-?..-^,>,JI'
,;-.
f-vt"
'J
>
'''f)
'
SUCCINCT HISTORYidul
i-yj
'
'
'
.''
-'
'>
o F
.^>Vv v; j>/isi{i
"T":-
"1
^
AMAIc
r'
A.
:,:;
-a
f:.A
nao.
Jamaica, or,
rians wrote
it,
Xaymaca,
is
(fignifying the
land of fprings,)
Weft
Indies, extends
from the
Oronoko
^t^c ocean,
the Atlan-
weft of England.
At
lies
Hif-
Gulph of Hon-
,.,).f;ft:Ay.
The
.
<*.*J*H"
.lM(%,:.
"1#%''
xvi
The
76^
centre of Jamaica
latitude,
lies
north
and
in
longitude
;
about
45'. weft
from London
it
meafures
;
in length
fifty
miles
and
of its length.
new world,
on the 2d of
ing,
May
1494.
whom
From
ifland
totally
conciliate*
period,
its
and
unknown.
Afterwards indeed,
illuftrious
from a ftorm, remained during a whole Chriftopher Columbus year on its fliores. purfuing his laft voyage to Hifpaniola, encountered fuch tempeftuous weather off
Cuba,
as
1
June
fmall harbours
on
tempeft without
a fmall
two
veffels,
out of
perifhed at fea
efcaped,
'S-
xvil
^fcaped, were
on examination found
It is
to be
irreparably damaged.
fo ^gn to the
of
this
extraordinary man.
la
he invented means
materials
of
and
combined
for
efcape
firm, in*
himfelf from
and hazardous
by the deteftable conduct of the Governor of Hifpaniola, who refufed to fuccour him 5 unfubdued by the
ftate; undeprefled
preffure
undif*-
mayed by the
own
followers,
Overcom-
he efFe^ed his efcape from Jamaica. It is painful, however, to relate, that his privations
and
efforts
life
But death
Vol.
I.
Not
xviii
Not many
eldeft fon
years
and
by
to the ho-
nor of
tribunal, that
after,
niece of Fr^.deric
Duke of
month of
July 1508, he arrived Vx'ith a fplendid But retinue in the ifland of Hifpaniola. foon after his
that the king
arrival, it
was difcovered
had not only parcelled out into two diftind governments all the continent which had been difcovered by his fato thofe feparate jurifdidlions.
It
annexed
was
but Diego,
ifland invalid,
and
(i
xix
and a
direct violation
He
In the
men under
;
the
command
other de-
of Juan de Efquivel
an honourable man.
Among
and generous
is
related
in
one of the
When
Ef-
was proceeding
to Jamaica, Ojeda,
then in Hifpaniola,
that if he found
publicly
threatened,
him on
a
hang him up
as
rebel.
But
his
own
and
difaftrous,
Efcaping the
fea, |ie
In this
ftate
pardy, recolleding
was in Jamaica, he contrived to apprize him of his diftrefs; and implored his fuccour.
Efquivel afforded
it
feffedually,
and without
b 2
XX
fent
out hefitation.
to conduct
He
an
officer
of rank
him from Cuba to Jamaica. There he received him with tenderncfs, treated him with diftlndion, and difmilTed him with honour. It is pleafmg to learn,
that
Ojeda appreciated
this
generous con-
dud",
to
and
w^as
his
benefador.
Under
the fway
it
of
a chief thus
humane and
placable,
may
Accordingly,
we are informed by
"
raif-
few
years.
He
died
in
his
government,
Sevilla
Nueva,
founded.
his policy,
feemed
rather
xxi
governors of Hifpaniola,
defolating that ifland.
feveral Spanilh
who
meek Indians,
deftrudion pur-
difcipline
and tadics of
It is
believed
by
Sir
which in his time inhabited Guiana ; to whofe noble qualities, hone arable teftimony is borne by every
ed to the Arrowauk
traveller,
who
The number of
firft
on the
arrival
of Co-
lumbus inhabited Hifpaniola, Cuba, PortoRico and Jamaica, amounted to more than two millions. In mind, body, manners, and
habits,
and
food, this race differed from that of their inveterate foe the fierce
who were
tiow.
cannibals.
men
(
!'^
xxii
men
in
Cuba,
Hifpaniola,
and Jamaica,
wore a flight covering of cotton cloth round the waift. Tall in ftature, flender in
perfon, round in face, of a clear
brown
complexion,
their
good nature,
countenance,
they
an
honeft
by conh-
Their limbs
and mufcles were lefs robuft than pliant and when in motion by dancing or other
exercife,
were
or voluptuous.
fertile foil
and the
In
many of
and
inflitutions, particularly
But they exceeded them in thofe inventions and arts, which varying the
enjoyments, augment the value of
agriculture, they
life.
In
the Otaheiteans
ii^j
them aU
moft
xxiii
in abundance
and had
diftant
from
art
rivers.
They made
;
excellent cloth
from
their cotton
it
of dying
beautiful.
with
colours
and
Among
ture.
and furni-
Martyr fpeaks with admiration of earthen ware ornamented with accurate images of living animals, chairs of ebony
beautifully wrought, curioufly
woven
beds,
and ingenious implements of hufbandry. The induftry and ingenuity of this race, muft have exceeded the mcafure of their
wants. Placed in a
life,
of polilhed fociety,
and fanguinary
dition,
reftraints,
neceflities,
latter.
folicitudes
of the
But
were unqueftionably the moft unoffending, gentle, and benevolent of the human race ; and the hiftory of mankind affords no fcene of barbarity fimilar to
b4
that
iTi
xxiv
that
thi9 innocent
i
Notwithftanding fuch
of the
natives,
and the
ftate
appears
De Garay,
fitted
the Spa-
nilh
governor of Jamaica,
for the
it
out an
expedition
conqueft
of Panuco,
ignorant that
and annexed
feflions
of Spain.
ii
were embarked 830 Spaniards, a body of Jamaica Indians, and 144 horfes. Such a force detached from this ifland, at the end
of thirteen years only
after the Spaniards
its
had
five
fettled in
it,
demonilrates
progref-
culture
and new
population.
The
town of Sevilla Nueva before-mentioned, was built on the fcite of the Indian village Maima, contiguous to the port now called
ii
I
St,
Ann's harbour.
It
importance
fome period, may be inferred from the veftiges of a Spanilh cathedral and raonafEi
I
tery, ^ifcovercd or
examined by Sloane in
XXV
It is alfo
indicated
by a
the church.
who
at
mined the weft gate of this cathedral, then entire, and likewife certain building materials
fome other edifice that was not eredled, entertained an opinion that thefe buildings had not been finiihed. A tradition ftill
for
prevails in the ifland, that the inhabitants
fome period fuddcnly and entirely cut off by the natives. It is certain, that from fome adequate caufe, ncv/
of Sevilla were
at
difputed or
unknown, it did not gradually decay, but was depopulated fuddenly, while
an unfiniilied
ftate,
in
The
calamity
Sevilla
village
the harbour
fate
now
la
The
of thefe places
St.
of
Jago de
Vega,
or, as
it is
The
.,.,.
who upon
the
departure
xxvi
'
departure of
to
Garay
in 1523,
went
thither
and
'
'^'-'
v.-
^
title
Twenty
it
furnifhed the
and heir: he received it in the year 1545, from the emperor Charles the V. and with
it
fovereignty, as
1!
an hereditary
fief
of the
crown of
Caftile.
The
property of this
iflue,
became vefted
'
Diego Columbus. She became fole heirefs of the Columbus family, and by intermarrying with Count de Gelver, conveyed all
By
Duke
gal, thofe
by
forfeiture to
many
families
fettled in
Jamaica, under
the patronage of de Gelver and the Braganza's, probably excited that jealoufy
and
fays
fettlers
towards the
who
the
xxvii
)
It
was
among the inhabitants, that in 1596, when Sir Anthony Shirley invaded the ifland, he
met with but
flight refiftance,
and plundered
About forty years afterwards, it was again invaded by a force from the Windward Iflands under Colonel Jackfon; who, although he pilthe capital with impunity.
laged
St.
Jago de
la
Vega and
booty, met a
much
We
in
now approach
the period,
when,
during the protectorate of Cromwell, Jamaica was captured by the Englifti forces
May
1655.
The war of
extermination
to
wage
relenting perfeverance.
The
extent of the
havoc
firmed
is lefs
known by
tory, than
(
i
xxvlii
it is
'.^.I'
turally comprefled,
Shut up
when
coal);,
'I
w
Hi
perifhed
by famine,
the fword.
fifting
Of
this
of
at Icaft
60,000
who were
on the
poflefled
when Venables and Penn landed ifland. The Spaniards had now
yet at
Jamaica a century and a half; that time, not more than " fifteen
(fays
Penn
in
examination
before
the
protedor's
fit
number of
;
had been
when
was extreme.
I'
hides.
The
at
fale
of thefe
and fupthat
vefl!els
touched
y
the
fum and
of
its
commerce.
The
..,.,.
Spaniax
KXIX
and indolent,
and
''pafled
their days in
gloom
their
infipidity, enfeebled
by
all
fluggifhnefs,
Such was
traces
cf the
and perfeverance
of their anceftors,
turers,
thofe
mighty adven-
hemifphere to the
though unguilty
by
am-
might have
vengeance of their
own
much
pelled
longer delayed.
the greater
part
fettlers,
Portugiiefe
who by
intrigue, or
money,
prevailed
on him to pufh
to extremity
the rights of conqueft in this inftance. But the impolicy of fach rigour became evident.
who
This feverity operating upon a race, having had little intercourfe with
Europe,
now knew no
it
Jamaica; and
confifcation of
all
excited
In.
thcle
XXX
thcfe feelings
fe-
conded by
their flaves.
Many
of the Spa-
became fugitives in the woods, and for fome time baffled the moft vigorous efforts
to diflodge or fubdue them.
t!
;;
We
of Spanifh Town.
as
Blome
relates, it
two thou-
inhabitants
mud
have
probable, that
was a
fettlers
guefe
by
the Spanifh.
Of the
other
To
the
to
oa
ed with horned
cattle,
was
alfo
an
^^*
xxxi
btr,
and fwarming with horfes and wild cattle. Eaftward of Liguanea was the Hato
Ayala,
now
called the
Yallows
and conti-
guous to
:l/is,the
bundance;
tlements,
fide
it
By which enumeration
bited defert.
although
it
iflfued after
form of
civil
government.
its
But
mardif-
inhabi-
The
pofleflTed
Spanifh
fettlers,
who
with
eluded the
many
fugi-
who though
found
faithful to their
woods
and
receflTes.
On
however, lurk-
qualnted
ill!
'I
III
xxxii
l.Jlii'
by perpetual alarms, by fetting fire to buildings remote from the garrifon, and in one of their excurfions,
harafled the Englifh
even to
lU!
itfelf,
but
and
maflacred
and
fomc
Vena-
and Penn foon failed for England, and Major General Fortefcue remained at
r
If
'
'
:l
Cromwell
with
fent
uniting
,^l
him
commiflioners
upon which
-the
principal officers
conftituted
themfelves with
Sedgwick,
of the
ifland.
Fortefcue
was appointed prefident. This inftrument of government bears date the 8th of Odober
1655.
afterwards, Colonel
-.-.ii
'V
Edward D*Oyley,
the
next
^t-
aV
SCXXlll
next oflScer in
fucceed him.
fure
to
How
was adapted to abate the rigour of martial law, and to govern peaceable men
in ordinary times,
it
A fpirit of
have not often been exceeded. They not only deftroyed wantonly, and almoft entirely, the cattle aftd
ground provisions, which had been planted and left by the Spaniards. This temper and conduct has been attm
aild
com
dn
tor had
by
fettlement.
It
that
officers
timents
and conceiving that the augmented expence of feeding them from England
Vol.
I.
.**
..might
^(
'II ill
II
Xxxiv
to
abandon Ja^
Others
fpirit
had
its
commander D'Oyley,
in poliucal fentiment.
officers
an
inti:epid royalift
it
is,
Certain
that
two of their
be-
tried
by a court
martial,
its
ientence.
ley, and.
ill
On
the-fuperior officers,
who
iflfued
committed, and
t^
and
licentious foldiery^.
they
V
n
It
condud ento
Under
its
and noxious vegetables, but even feakes and lizards were eagerly eaten. Difeafeand contagion followed. During a confi-
t"'^
=l2r
'T
derate
XXXV
)
'.
deriable fpace
Among
others
Sedgwick himfelf
periflied
by an epidemic dyfentery
peftilence.
But the
caufes,
remove
of D'Oyley, he fuper-
him ; and having appointed Colonel Brayne commander in chief over the iflahdj he difpatched him in a fleet of tranfp6rts with fupplies, and 1000 recruits for Jafeded
maica.
Brayne failed from Port Patrick in Odober, and in December 1656 arrived at
Governor Nevis with 1500 recruits from the Windward ifiands had preceded him. About the fame time alfo arrived two additional regiments under Colonel Humphrey and Colonel Moore. Cromwell, foon afterwards, by holding
his deftination.
Hill
farther
many induftrioust
from the
'^^^'^
New
"
Bermuda,'^
Bjnk
~
'aitival,'
foiind
diflcnfiofi, difeaie,
and
cotifufion, prevailing
;Thoiigh
en-^
4*:.
dowe4
(
Ill
xxxvi
dowed with
pf the
liifhe^
evils
and
forti->
tud^.
among
was
(0
hir.i^
He
But prior to that event, he fent for D'Oyley au4 inyefted him with his own coinplete This brieve officer, to whpfe 4^thority. firmnefs, military fkill, and 4f<:endency oveir ^he minds of thofe whom he comm^t^ded}
^e
l^ritifh
nation
owe
the poiTeQion of
Upon
he
wrote a maoly
letter to
Cromwell, and
ano*^
hU
hi$
and
u)(:;tM
fucceffor (hould be
named,
at
to
whom
he
would
tunately^
I
I^?v9w4i
Cromwell
xxxvii
His
cife.
ability
On
had foon frefh fcope for exerthe 8th of May 1658, Doii
who had
time of its
beeii
cap-*
governor of Jamaica
at the
Arnaldo had
been furnilhed by the governor of Cuba, with ordnance, ammunition, engineers, ind
months proviiion for this expedkibtt. He landed on the north fide of the ifland, at the port of Rio Nuevo, and twelve day^
eight
elapfed before
fion.
D'Oyley heard Of
it,
his
itiva:-
Apprized of
he inftantly
feldtfefd
750 of
fea,
dable attempt.
fix
The
expedition being
by
Rio Nuevo.
to eredt a ftrong
work on an eminence
But the
head of
at the
lils
that
gallaiit
D'Oyley, landing
well!
carrie'd'
afTauIt')
lofs
of his
(lores,
ord-
No
con-
fiderable
il
{'
xx^cviii
'
been exerted to
it
recapture
Jamaica.
Arnaldo,
is
true,
pnce more returned and put himfelf at the head of a party of the ancient Spanifh
fettlers,
who
:
ftill
lurked
woods but D'Oyley again took the field, and having furrounded a party of the {laves, fpared and employed them in difin the
covering and
party
;
diflodging
Safi
Arnaldo's,
a remnant only of
whom
efcaped to
Cuba. After
D'Oyley
affairs.
The
II
I
army became more healthy, the new fettlers made fuccefsful efforts in planting, the ararrival of feveral fhips for traffic flimulated
IP
dawn of future
profpcrity
pegan
to the
I
II
Englifh
fettlers,
continued to be
The
after
remnant of
I
thefe
fugitives,
even
their array
and ex-
fc
of
; ' '
XXXIX
';^
of a band of Buccarteers
whom
he cm-
Num-
and mifchief. The mafsof thift refidue being from time to time re-inforced by other runaway flaves, became roots of
the
Maroon
tribes,
with
whom
Governor
after-
found
it
impradticable to
nr.
vanquifh or
civilize
them.
).^Ut\i
etvj;
Having
incidentally
is
attefted
by concurprofperity
much of the
of the
well's
Crom
conqued of
it, is
afcribable to them.
is
The
traced to
fome French
in Tortuga, a fmall;
D'Oyley
in-
*^
at firft to aft in
(he
woods
runaway ne
groes.
4:.::;;u
C4
grocs.
He
perhaps from motives of policy, to counterpoife the power, or over-awe the turbu-
or foldiery.
of Colonels
to cirfruflra-
cumvent and depofe him had been tt^y and by the prompt trial and
military
til"
and revolutionary conflict in the colony was averted ; vigour and fignal addrels were Hill requifite to maintain difciA difconpline, and enfure obedience. tented band oC thefe bold and factious
veterans,
who were
averfe to monarchical
and jealous of D'Oy ley's cavalier politics, had fpread their roots in Jamaica. Thefe men were, ftrong in numbers, and dreaded for their valour, even
government,
after the reftoration
when
what
motives foever might influence D'Oyley,, it is certain that the Buccaneers received
fucb cou^t(^nance from hioi and fucceeding governorsi J
.
^i
of
hoftility,
and
efpecially
during
the
by
Weft
Indies,
an4 and
plunder.
by the community as well as the government; by the affluent fupplied with the means of equipment, and by the indigent enforced with finews for combat armed
:
veflels
danger : and
Their unbridled impetuoiity often alarmed even thofe whom they befriended: their
deeds and invincible valour
verfaries
terrified the
ad-
of
is
many
to this
told
of the
^^.
Weft
'
\l\
xlii
Weft
Indies.
But the
Spamfli
people,
The
men
they received
letters
of marque, and.
were duly commiflioned by the Englifh government in Jamaica to a): againft a Pirates .feldom or never public enemy.
t
avow
their enterpdzes.
But the
brilliant
fuccefles
{1
13
To
give
a detail
of their
feats,
though
'li
The moft extraordinary and diftinguifhed among the Buccaneers was Henry Morgan, a man defcended from humble parents among
peculiar objects before us.
;it
Rambling
velTel
while a youth to
ipet
"Briflol,
he accidentally
bound
*#
an adventurous
fpirit,
'
xliii
)
to ferve a planter
lage
by indenting himfelf
for four
ifland.
that
He
arrived, fulfilled
his
engage-
ment with
its
fidelity,
on
nation of the
war
betw^een England
and
and turning his mind to agriculture, became an induftrious planter. Morgan afterwards received the honour of knight-hood from Charles the Second, a fovereign
ing,
who, according to Sir William Beefton, preferved a good underftanding with fuccefsful
Some
years after-
wards Sir Henry Morgan was appointed a member of the council, and finally advanced
to the dignity of lieutenant-governor of Ja.-*'
It is
unpleafing
man,
after
civil
condui^,
was arreted by order of James the Second, at the inftance of the Spanifli monarch, and
1 ,
committed
xliv
committed
to the
Tower
trial
in 1684,
where
he remained without
till
or examination
which happened
But
death
to
;
return to
the
government of
people of
D'Oyley
we
find,
of Cromwell,
profeflions in the
Many
of thefe
monarchy, and apprehending punifliment in England for their culpable conduft, fought refuge in a diftant community, originally compofed of Cromwell's adherents. Nor were fuch difappointed ; for after the
reftoration, thofe
of this defcription
who
his
the
He
was
inftrudted
army from
military fubordi-
the
'
firft
-
vernment
#1
xlv
vcrnment in Jamaica ; and when D'Oyley foon after redgned his fituation, confidence and fecurity were ftill farther extended by his fucceflbr. Lord Windfor, who in a
royal proclamation encouraged the fettle-
ment of the country, by oSering allotments of land under fuch terms as were ufual in
other plantations, and even with additional
All freeperfons
from any part of the Britilh dominions; and their children born in Jamaica were decept coin and bullion) to Jamaica,
clared free denizens of England, entitled to
England.
Purfuant to the
fpirit
of this
was inftru^ed
laws
an aifembly,
to
be indifferently
at large, to pafs
own
internal
government.
But In
framed
by th^ privy
of England.
(
Ijind;
xUi
The
including a
bill
for fettling
without alteration
thie
them or amendfrighten,'
ment.
jedted
But
it;
No
menaces [could
them
Long, then
member of
by the with which
this-
much
diftinguilhed
he
refiftcd'the attempt.
To
as
punifli
his feat in
and
ftate
finklly
chief juftice,
to
England
as a-
prlfonfer.
fo ably
demonftrated the
tendency
f the
new code in
mitliftefs,
to*
the Affembly
giftrate. Sir
Thomas Lynch,
But although
ajl
in Jamaica, that
caufe
**
of
(
-of future conteft
cal
xlvii
proved that
hope was
fallacious.
It is
from
Jamaica in perpetuity /(itililar to the 4^ per cent, paid by Barbadoes and the Windward
Iflands
on
poivier
had
failed to
Tfce minifters,
for
dropping
of a permanent revenue*
mode of
afn
annual
This
refiifal
was met by a
of viudidlive policy.
The
fovereign
was
from
adts
of the
n-
Thus
remained on
ifland.
adtual ficuation of
when
coj?iproroif9
was happily
effedted,.and a.
t.'i
revenue
of
xlviii
which was confirmed by the king. The Aflembly confented to fettle on the crown, an irrevocable permanent
revenue
pafled
ad
revenue of 8000 /.
per
annum
chiefly
upon
mated
ifl:,
That
2dly,
That the
legiflature
of England
as
had
been
ufed,
at
any time
efteemed, introduced,
accepted, or
In the
year 1687, Chriftopher Duke of Albemarle, the fon and heir of General Monk who
refl:ored
extinguiftied with
The
by
noble
member
He
afterwards fined
him 6qo /.
"'L'*":5V<,1
and diflblved
the
the Aflembly.
lived
who had
dif-
had been ftranded in 1659, on a ihoal the north eaft of Hifpaniola. By th$
.
efforts
of
Ikilful divers
On
iUand.
of an earthquake was
Its
throughout the
duration was
fhcrt,,
and though
many
The
year
which placed King William and his confort on the Britifh throne. Their title was
immediately
joyfully
recognized, and
they were
In the
proclaimed
Jamaica.
year 1690, the Earl of Inchiquin was appointed governor, and in the
enfuedj
war which
head of
at the
had orders
againft the
detach
maritime force
niola.
Vol.
I.
niola.
The
fiiccefsful,
its
prizes,
when the
and pro-
ifland
in population,
damaged the whole furfacc of it, and fwallowed up a great part of Port Royal, then
the moft affluent
town
in the
Weft
Indies.
On
M.
the concuffion
began.
terrible
Three
more
than the
fpace of a few
beft
Solid
wharves,
fpacious
ware-
dif-
appeared.
More than
two-thirds of
all
the
The
fpires
on
among them. The Swan frigate had been hove down to careen. In a mo^ ment this fliip righted by a fudden rufh of
ftranded
deluged houfes.
Numbers of the
inhabit
.^^tants
!i
Unrs
and
this
have accompliflied
its
deftrudion."
But
it
fhaken, and in
many
parts of
it,
underwent material
changes of
furface.
From
mountains
tions,
the
fliocks
detached
mighty
mafles of the
foil,,
which
in certain fitua-
precipitated
particular
upon
In
foil
inftances,
choaked the current of rivers. The two hills at the entrance of fixteen-mile walk,
were
fliakcn
and
cruflied
together.
The
The bed of
fifli
it
expofmg
;
vaft quantities
of
on the
foil
wonted
cliati-
d d
a mountain
fepa-
and
overwhelmed
found
his
whole
former
eftabliQiment
fituation.
removed
from
its
On
number of
left
perfons,
were
At
Paflage
;
{landing
and
but one in
the
,
Liguanea. In Spanifli
ferious
;
damage was
m.,
by
Scarcely one
fugar
work was
left
undemolifhed.
Of the
il
white inhabitants, computed (from an enumeration taken a few years before the
event,) to be about fixteen thoufand, three
-".
Nor
no
when
longer iiembled.
The furvivors
tlie
took refuge
vicinity.
Such
They did
not well protedl the refugees from a vertical fun and unwholefome exhalations.
Many
alfo
llii
were dejefled by the death of friends and the extindion of fortune. They
alfo
privation.
:
Scanty
gloom enervated
the mind.
From
a combination of caufes,
vated
by contagion.
malignant fever
M.,:
who were
not vidima
from
menaced by a different danger. Intelligence was received that Jamaica would foon be invaded by an armament from
Hifpaniola: and accordingly, on the 17th
of June 1694, a fquadron of three fhips of war, and twenty privateers, having on board
1500 land
fieur
forces,
Mon-
Du
Gaffe,
appeared off
foldiers
Such
Hv
barbarov:; precifion.
The account
given
^n
i
tbr
:
lie
invaders
perpetrated
maflacre,
militia
the
!':\i
iCCA
TJ^
enormities;
and
had
of
Vv..
CO tilagration.
i.
The
from
been
.wn
to the capital
that part
the ifland.
and ravage,
the
French
detachment
at
thoufand
The fquadron
^nd
Du
At the head of his forces he attacked about two hundred militia; defenders of a miferable breaft-work. A gallant refiftance was
made.
Dawkins being
retire,
killed,
and others
wounded, the
began to
when
five
other companies
marched
<:nergy
thirty miles
without refreflimcnt,
and
effedl, as
Iv
the
day.
Du
CafTe retreated
and
re-
imbarking,
returned
with
his
ill-gotten
booty to Hifpaniola.
n
again.
it
Many
houfes
were
rebuilt,
and
and profperous. But on the 9th of January 1704, an accidental fire, that broke out be-
tween the
houfe in
tbut
hours of
eleven
and twelve
confumed every
to
aflies.
The
at
Legiflature,
foon
after
alfembled
Kingfton,
authorifed
From
The
next
that
afflided
the
inhabitants
of
On
by
proftrating a
foil,
d4
.of
Ivi
in the efta-
blifhment
of
fcttlcmv<^nts
in the co'intry.
Having thus
briefly
ftated
fomc leading
we
haften to
times.
condition
it
in
modern
fl\ould not
be forgotten, that
among
was tbe
trious
acceflion of twelve
hundred
thither
induf-*
fettlers
that
came
on the
The
on
The
fruita
of the
fkill
;
remain
and
many
valuable
eftates
on
this
ifland.
Similar
example of
capital
Sir
management from Barbadoes ; and conferred durable benefits on Jamaica, by a diligent purfuit of wealth
and
fkilful
^.
..
nient^
IvH
ment.
the
And
to thefe
may be
fuperadded,
and was
difFufed annually
from 1690, for many years by the eftablifliment of the Afiento contrail:, for the fupply
of the Spaniih iflands with negroes,
,
it
exifts
modern
times,
of an outline.
and Cornwall.
pariflies,
St.
Jago de
is
it
is
fituated
on
it is
ment and of general judicature; it is adorned with an handfome palace for the
refidence of the governor;
its
inhabitants
five thoufand.
The
pariflies,
Jamaica,
was founded
in
1693,
when
repetition
Iviii
quake, as
Royal.
we have
feen,
Many commodious
fome
and of
cence.
markets for
and vege-
contains
lation
its
and
:
from
and
aflies
;
confifts
houfes
its
fortifications
The royal
of Corn-
navy yard,
to
its
hofpital
importance.
The county
hamlets.
The towns
fide
arc Savanna-la,
of the ifland
Mon*
Bay and Falmouth on the north, Savanna-la-Mar was nearly deftroyed in 1780, by a hurricane and fudden inundation. About feventy houfes have fince been Montego Bay has berebuilt on its fcite.
come an
fix
leaft
Falmouth,
tbe
or, as it
commonly
called,
Pointy
fituatcd
'
lix
fituated
on the
foiith fide
of Martha Bra^
In
are
Each
pariQi
is
who
in lieu of tithes,
on the inhabitants
by the
to
veftries refpecSlively.
The
yearly value of
loo/.
coo/.
But a
large glebe
augments the
claims
The
bifliop
of London,
it is
faid,
by the
bifliop*.
The
fome
mother country
The grand
the jurifdidlion
Tills
Is
ecclefiaftlcal
'B
..A
Bench,
l^
Common
Pleas.
court.
The emoluments
to about
of his fituation
amount
ailiftant
The
judges, three of
whom
with the
who
fervices gratuitoufly.
In each pariQi
is
a principal magiftrate,
ftiled
Cuftos Rotu-
lorum,
who with
and Courts of
Com-
mon
HI*
Pleas,
litigation is
The
Cuftos alfo,
II
The
veftries afiefs
and appropriate
local taxes,
and general.
is
The
Lcgiflature of Jamaica
The Houfe
mons,
of Afl'embly, or Colonial
Com-
confifts
of
forty-three
members
The
pecuniary
l^i
pecuniary qualification of a
per
member
is
300/.
annum
in*
freehold
or
property
the ifland.
annum
an eledion. In
its
the
Affembly of Jamaica in
of procedure, and
formation,
mode
extent-
of privilege, fo
England, that a
unnecef-
Legiflature
who have
pre-
by the
title
of honourable.
ftate to
They
the gover-
the ifland.
conftitute
The
in
all
member of
the
council
(
.
fucceeds
to
l-^ii
)
title
fO the
of Prefi-
The Governor of
afcribed
Jamaica, to
whom
is
title
of Excellency,
letters patent,
royally
appointed
feal
by
of the
kingdom.
He commands
when no
Jamaica.
tion,
in
He
and grants
of marque.
militia.
He
commiffions
officers
of the
He apfufpend
may
them.
tofes
He
of
pariflies, juftices
other
civil officers.
He
The governor
all
in-
church
cafes
and benefices
and in certain
He
licences
fchools
and
for
marriages.
ad
-
rela-
10
tive
1'
Ixili
he has concurrent
;
and
may, without the intervention of a jury, decide all queftions both of law and fad. The governor is fole chancellor, and has
cuftody of the great
is
feal
of the ^colony.
He
ccclefiaflical
law.
He
and appeals
is
300/.
and from
a fimilar appeal.
and ex*
all
He.
may
fuf-*
He
muft meet.
When
He
nance propofed.
Beddes
fines,
emoluments
efcheats
falarv
'
accruing
forfeitures,
from
fees,
a fimilar
Ixiv
a fimilar
fum
is
ufually added
by
a grant of
Thus
i
i
num
is
in-
verted are
than thofe
Of other
for
by
commonly granted
two
lives,
the
by perfons
mother
country,
who have
them.
whom
it
has been
..:-'..
l^v
But by a^
c.
Geo.
iiL
75.) ia
in the colonies
of
office in perfon.
is
The
office
of Provoft
its
Marflial General
It
by the Ja-
year, 2 1 8
office
to 569,724/. fterling
and
alfo that
during
amounting to 22,563,786/.
office
fter-
office:
Enrollments in the
of the Secretary
^ach
it
eftate,
receipts
and payments.
In
Deeds
alfo
muft
after date)
it
be en-
Vol.
I.
>.
(
all
Ixvi
ads of the
Legiflature.
efficacy
the
afTent.
For
differences
grow out of
perfon.
The
againft
evidence of a flave
a
inadmifTible
white
by
law
as inheritance.
They
be
dcfcend to heirs;
^ widow
eourtefy.
vivlng hufl^and
Still
may
tenant
by
the
by
the executors.
Uritifli
Ad
of Parliament
of them, to
and
it
is
not recolleded
that
one
effort has
been
made
Yet
fales
by
any individual
it
is
dividuals
ha brr;i
liticc
rrpcaled.
fever
Ixvii
fever tliem
one of
to the
.^v.
we
of
is
perpetual, being
fettled
by
the
ad
Part
this,
mentioned in that
to
meet
and a variety
the
of public charges.
Among
;
means
articles
imported;
an
excife
confumed withh\
for each
a pecu-
his
premifes of
;
number
required
;
by
law
a rate
on
rent
and wheel
carriages.
confideris
able portion
as are
from
Ixviii
from time
to time ftationed
on
its
territory.
When
ufually
I
num-
the ifland.
by
and
government of
late,
in quelling
The
at
Spanifh doupiftoles
at
and
6 x.
m
m
The
Spanifh
;
valued
8 ^.
and
The
called a
////,
p
i
The
militia of
Jamaica includes
all
free
pcrfons from
of age,
who
provide, at their
own
expence, the
requifite accoutrements,
law to
or foot.
enlifl
comwhich
the
mander
in chief,
Ixix
the
members of the
may
proclaim martial
In fuch an
inverted with
powers ftrong
ifland
and
that
extraordinary.
The
in 1792.
The
the
negroes and
to
men of
colour
amounted
-v
I
1889.
.,
But we muft
pafs
from
this fketch
of the
civil
narrow
and chief
produdions.
The
Somewhat
lefs
it
has
Of this
return,
million of acres
is
in cultivation.
about the year 1790, was made to the Legiflature of Jamaica, by which it appears,
that the
number of
fugar plantations
was
feven
Thefe
may be averaged at nine hundred acres each. By the fame document, there were fomee 3
what
1-^^
may
be averaged at
feven
From
this authentic
may
not only
mountainous, but
fterile
its
or
inacceffible.
The
inequality of
furface,
however, con-
ftitutes
a part of
its
alfo a
we
divide the
Spring
May.
The
foliage
and the parched favaunas grow greener, even before the rains
vivid,
comes more
defcend.
fouth
Thefe generally come from the and; compared with the autumnal
feem but fhowers. They
fall
cataracts,
about
in the
the middle of
May.
;
Commencing
This
(i^i
ju
o^'
the weather
fettled,
and falubrious
Ixxi
mer
At
this period,
ufiially
from feven
till
feems infupportable
nature revives
till
the
dormant
air,
and
(efpecially in the
fliade)
towards
often tolerable,
and fometimes
light
is brief,
pleafant.
Though
the twi;
the
planet
Venus
from
This
moon and
;
the troluftre.
with tranfcendent
of the weather
the
tinues
and the
air
becomes
and
fuffocating.
nately prevail
times
rifes
even to 90.
Such
begins.
;
ludes to
t,he
wet autumnal
it
feafon*
the
firfl:
of Odl:ober
heavens pour
in
down
torrents
Lofty
eminences,
if clad
attra^
Ixxii
attridt moifture.
The
perpendicular height
fallen in the
Well
Between the
firft
of Auguft and
vifita-
the
laft
It is
too well
known,
81,
84,
SSi
and
86,
fpread
defolation
Jamaica:
had been
1785 and SG, to fupply the want of the interdicted North American cargoes " fo that within feven
cultivated in
:
years prior to
by
fcanty and
unwholefome
diet."
Of the we yet
But to
perhaps
the
northerly
force,
the air
Ixxlii
cool
pleafant weather
Weft India
if
it
iflands,
winter,
may
be called
fo,
known on
the globe.
The
fers materially
Britifh ifles
in Europe.
fouth fides of
Jamaica
ern fide
differ eflentially
Columbus
:
his eye
of
it
No
of
which conftitutes St. Ann's parifti. wonder the novelty, variety, and beauty
fcenery delighted him.
its
rate diftance
diftindtly feparated
rounded toward
with fignal
felicity, are
;
of pimento
no
rival
near
them
The
bright
hue
is
difcoverable in a
thoufand
Ixxiv
thoufand
On one
fpot
we
on another,
diverfified
groups that
;
are fprinkled
finifli
down
the declivities
and to
the landfcape,
tranfparent cafcades
and
delicious rivulets
enliven this
its
whole
iliflrit.
Jamaica indeed, as
ports,
name imdefcend on
both
lides
jfland.
The
from
the
foft
fcenery
we have
it
pourtrayed, the
wavuK?: outline of
hills
till
clouds.
qn
ihdt fide
than beautiful.
We
are
firft
ftruck
by a
ridges;
But on a
gencc
Ixxv
life
and
fertility.
The
lower range
alfo, clad
by
forefts
of majeftic
At length we
full
behold
the favannas
beneath, extenfively
with the
exubei
^^ of autumn.
The
afford
re objets
of gran-
utility.
They
and
delight.
On
the
fultry
medium of the
heat
eighty degrees
on
Fahrenheit's thermo-
meter.
In higher
fituaticrns it is
confiderably
lower.
colder,
At night the
to
air
becomes yet
out
early
fpet
and
letting
making
mofphere below to
above. In
thol'e
and may be
cultivated.
Ano-
//
O
^M,.
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
4^
1.0
tt
lU 2.2
114
l&
S
Z
I.I
"
12.0
125
iU
6"
116
<^
33
CorpQratiQn
'^^
%^
^*<^
fs
Ixxvi
'
of furface
is
As
points, dies
away
being
rarified,
there condenfed
it
by the
cold
which making
it
fpecifically
heavier than
to the plains
Hence the night- wind is generated, blowing towards land on all fides of fuch mountainous
iilands.
We
The
of the
pimento.
the palmeto-*
height of 140
and other
(lately trees
and outfpreading horizon^lly, groves of them difplay an affemblage of majeflic columns, fupporting a verdant canopy.
They
air,
erxlude the
and
furnifli at
once a whole-
fome
Ixxvli
fome fome
retreat
trees
and delicious
(helter.
While
and bear
hy
of
fibre.
No
wood,
tree.
Many
The
it
tree, is dill
has
The fig-
gigantic.
is
The
In
many
by
rage and
venom.
But the
is
bite
of no ferpent of the
;
Weft
Indies
mortal
whole
been
fo
much exaggerated,
W
'
Ixxviii
aggerated,
when met on
the banks of
difpofition,
ita
river, manifefts
is
no favage
but
As
to the
lizard tribe,
they
beau-
innoxious, and
many of them
tiful.
Of
and proportionably bulky, was formerly hunted by the native Indians ; and it furnifhcd a defirable part of their food.
flavour
is
it
Its
like that
is
and
though
now
feldom ferved
at
Englifh
tables, the
prize, drefs,
and
feaft
on
it.
The quadrupeds of
i,
Ja-
of eight fpecies:
pecary
;
;
the
;
agouti;
4, the
3, the armadillo
;
opufTum
5, the rr -non
;
6, the
7, the alco
8, th^
.nailer
veral varieties.
firft
Of
of
this
enumeration, the
and the
laft
ipecies only
all
the
common
fate
maica.
careffing
Even the
alco, a
mute
little
dog^
Ixxix
)
is
cherlfhed
by
its
like
them exterminated.
The narrow
limits
The
groves and
The
(lill
ble.
is
fo
But the hiftory of the mountain crab curious, that a tranfcription from the
it
fads recorded of
by
Du
Pertre
and
Browne
live not
retreats
fhall
be quoted.
the
down
to the fea-fide in
at a time.
As they
months of April or
May
to
begin their
flumps of hollow trees, from the clefts of rocks, and from the holes which they
dig for themfelves under the furface of the
earth.
At
is
whole ground
is
;
no fetting down one's foot without treading upon them. The fea is their place
of deftination, and to that they direl their
march with
right-lined precifion.
No
geo-
13
metrician
Ixxx
by a
whatever
fcale the
and even
if
they meet
way. But though this be the general order of their route, they upon other occafions
are compelled to
country
and
if it
The
from of an
army under the guidance of an experienced commander. They are commonly divided
into battalions, of
which the
firft
confifts
march forward to
and
'
The
\
night
if it
V,
is
of proceeding
fail
but
rains
to profit
by
move
When
furface
is
of the
ground,
till
they
make an
evening.
When
they
march
^^
'
.^
Ixxxt
up their nippers againft their annoyers, from whom they fometimes tear off a piece of the Ikin, ox. leave the weapon where they inflidled the wound. When
ner, holding
after a fatiguing
months
fpawn.
For
this
purpofe,' the
lets
its
body two or
three times to wafli off the fpawn. are hatched under the fand
;
The
eggs
millions at
and flowly
up to the mountains.
habitations
The
in
old
regain
their
the
mountains by the
for moulting
latter
to
filling
up
burrows with
dry
grafs, leaves,
materials.
When the
each
fage,
retires to his
up the
paf-
until
he
gets
Vol.
Ixxxii
and
is
fully
pro-
vided with a
new
one.
How
long they
;
continue in this
fhell is firft
,*
ftate is
uncertain
but the
and
fides, to
body
all
limbs from
At
and
with a
multitude
of reddifh
former.
new
cruft.
As
mountain crab dreflfed for food, it is, when in fpawn, one of the choiceft morfels in nature. This perpetual fupply of fuftenance
was a refource to which the native Indians always had refort when other provifions
were not abundant.
'^
marflies of Jamaica af-
among which,
*
.
10
the
Ixxxiii
is
by many
the moft
But the moft delicious of birds is the emberiza orizavora, the ortolan or rice-bird of South Carolina. Thefe little birds fatten upon the milky rice of that
region early in the
autumn
vifit
and when
it
mud
by which
In the ponds to
which
throw
which floated
on the water, and which when accuftomed to fee, the fowl would approach without fear. Having fucceedec* thus far, the fportlr
man
firft
making apertures
for fight
and breath.
He
walking where
it
Thus he got
by a dexterous
it
among
by
the feet,
and dragging
it
to his girdle;
fa
.ji
and
\^
Ixxxiv
and
fo,
leaft
alarm or
difturbance
among
many
as
he could
as falconers
em-
ploy hawks.
This fifh, not much more than a fpan long, was regularly kept, fed, and
trained for the purpofe.
The owner on a
calm morning, carried it out to fea, fecured to his canoe by a fmall but ftrong line,
many fathoms
the remora
at
in
length.
fifh in
The moment
faw a
away with the fwiftnefs of an arrow and faflened upon it. The Indian in the mean time, let go the line
a great
diftance,, it flarted
which was provided with a buoy, that kept on the furface of the fea, and ferved to mark the courfe which the fifh had taken. This courfe the Indian purfued in his canoe,
until
'
exhaufled.
Then
flill
the remora
adheiring to
^*
its
prey with
By this method, (fays Ovedo,) I have known a turtle caught of ^ bulk and weight that qo fmgle man could
inflexible tenacity.
fupport.'*
Ixxxv
fupport."
But
Jamaica.
Among
its
may
be mentioned
macaw
This
numerous family yet adorn the groves of Jamaica. But the flamingo, an elegant and
princely bird, as large as the fwan, arrayed
in plumage of the brightefl fcarlet,
is
no
longer to be feen.
Still,
illuftrious
humming-bird,
mur
The colours that mark the coat of this bird, (not much bigger than a beetle,) mock the
mimickry of
art
;
exhibiting in exquifite
of the European birds furpafles that of the been remarked, and the
remark
is juft.
Yet the
tropical groves,
decorated by
and
fplendid, boaft alfo the very curious imitations peculiar to the mock-bird
;
imitations
which mingling with the plaintive notes of a vaft variety of doves, and the modulated
^3
hum
Ixxxvi
hum
may
of countlefs infeds,
fail
afford a concert
it
pamper the voluptuary in mufical refinement. But quitting this elegant department of natural hiftory, for it would
require volumes to complete
it,
we proceed
employed
at
in his fervice.
Maize, or Indian
to moiflen the
It yields,
latter,
;
from
xnonly
produces but
one
it is
annual
crop,
planted in September,
.'/'
gathered in
To
of vegetable food,
may
be fuperadded
Jamaica abounds
exotic.
or
The
firfl fort is
hay : but the making of it is now rendered aimed unneceffary by an aquatic plant called
Scots
.1^
>:}ii-
Ixxxvii
Scots grafs
Jamaica.
It rifes
of quick
Five horfes
may be
well main-
grafs introduced
by
a produftion of
It
;
thrives
is
eagerly
animals;
Hence
of horned
tion ufe.
In the mountains,
the edible
Europe thrive
and moft
kidney-
Cabbages, lettuce,
foreign efculents
efpecially
the chocho,
Indian-kale.
The
plantains,
,
fpecies
Ixxxviii
As
to the
more
elegant fruits,
no country on
cent defert.
The
grow
in
the
ifland
the
Antigua
fort
cuflard-apple
(a
fpecies of chari
moya)
cocoa-nut,
flar-apple,
grenadilla,
few
others.
The
and {haddock, the vine, melon, fig, and pomegranate, were introduced by the Spaniards.
thefe,
ftrawberry.
Faffing rapidly
from
or refrefhment
we come
to fuch as are
objeds
clafs is
'of
commerce. At the head of this the cane, one of the mod valuable
Its
plants in creation.
botanical
it is
name
is
^undo Jacchartfera,
8
In form
:
a jointed
T^<?<J
Ixxxix
ftem
is
ftrong
fine
though
brittle,
and,
It
when
ripe, of a
foft,
ftraw-colour.
contains a
pithy fub-
leafl:
The
intermediate
diftance
between each
from one to
hallf
and
half
from
an inch
to
in diameter.
alfo varies
The whole
from four
mea-
The
plant
is
a native of the
eaft,
and was
immemorial.
juice,
unknown. It probably found its way into Europe by the Red Sea, at lead as early as the period of the Croifades. It is now, on good grounds conjectured, and indeed believed, that the fugar cane grew fponta* neoufly in the Weft Indies although from
;
the introdudion
of
its
culture
in
early
prized
xc
We
making fugar from it immediately from the Spanifh and Portuguefe nation* ; who were
indebted for their knowledge of
nations of the eaft.
this plant,
it
to the
no
be
too
fat
or
fertile.
The
fined
foil
in the
Weft
of St. Chriftopher's)
is
called
a deep,
warm, mellow
confifting
fand.
Its
worked of a due mixture of clay and furface, after rain, foon becomes
hazel earth, eafily
dry
but
its
of moft excellent
foil,
which abounds in
is
Plant-canes in fuch
foil
yield in fine
feafons, about
On
another kind of
foil exifts,
crops of excellent
fugar.
This land
is
more frequently
rich
xci
)
it
rich fcarlet
paint.
when
moiftened,
ftalns like
It confifts
it is
a deep
foil,
Expofure
to a fcorchits
that feafon.
The
fyftem of
heft adapted to
ratoon-canes.
from the roots of canes that have previoufly been cut down. Ratoons thus intended to
grow, although the fugar they
not to fo
yield
amounts
much
expencc or
The common
land,
is
The
is
the in-
By
comes
i
fufficiently
rri
xcii
met
the
blazes, to
The
:
ufual
mode
preparing to plant
by manual
as follows
The
land
each plat
is
then fubdivided,
pegs, into
by a
line attached to
wooden
The
field
inches.
It
commonly
requires forty
if hired,
eight or ten
paid.
pounds currency
commonly
The
making fugar. Thcfe placed horizontally on the bottom of the hole, are covered two inches deep with mold. In
prefled for
gems of the planted cane are feen at the end of four or fiye months the banks of the
:
Till the
young
plants
weeds that
the hoe.
a rich
foil
by
jt
Plant
m
(
xcUi
fecond year.
called
.
From December
Jamaica.
till
May
is
is
crop-time in
It
the
So
and nourifhing
is
cane, that
mod
from
its ufe.
Soon
the mill
is
in
thrive,
and the
fick
infomuch,
of labour becomes
the
mod
diredly nutricious,
and abfolutely w^holefome ; and has, it is faid, in Europe contributed to extinguilh The juice the fcurvy and other difeafes. from which
in the
it is
granulated
is
eagerly fipped
Weft
and
of
In Jamaica
cattle,
it
is
exprefled
by
mills,
worked by
wind, or water.
A fugar
inches in
length,
and from
twenty to
The middle
is
applied,
two by
cogs.
Between
xciv
is
The mace-
and mucilaginous
gum
one
befides a fmall
portion of efTential
oil.
The
the
procefs
is
for
cane
thus conduced.
The
juice
from the
gutter
mill,
running along a
is
it
wooden
to
carried
is
the
boiling houfe,
where
received into
commonly
three.
Each
clarifier
is
pro-
In eftablifhments where
are annually
manu-
clarifier
has a
flat
bottom,
hung
to a feparate fire,
with a feparate
(lider,
which being
cane juice
is
fupprefTed. All
is liable
to rapid fermentation.
is filled,
As
the
lighted,
The alkali
its
fuperabafis
bundant
'
acid, a part of
it
becomes the
;::
of
xcv
of the
fugar.
An
commonly
liquor.
till
fuffi-
cient for an
clarifier
hundred gallons of
to be heated
The
ought
the fcum
begins to
ebullition.
At
this
moment
fire
to be applied,
and the
extinguifhed.
The warm
rife in a
fcum.
This fcum
the liquor
and
is left
when
it
drawn
copper.
is'to boil,
now
taken off as
the quantity
becomes more
lition
vifcid.
and fkimming.
it
If
it
be not
fail,
now
little
tranfparent, or if
thicken too
more lime-water
a certain time,
is
to be fuperadded.
After
the
when
the liquor
is
reduced
fufHciendy, {o as to be contained in
third fmaller copper,
it is
and
{o
on
ohilt
of
xcvi
In the
till
finally boiled,
it
on
of
its fitncfs
for granulation,
fire.
may be
ladling
is C2i\\QA
Jiricking ; that
The
cooler
is
a fhallow wooden
fugar.
Here, as
it
cools,
it
runs into a
From
conveyed to an hogfliead in
the curing-houfe.
,
This
is
a large airy
Over
the ciftern
'-
lies
frame of joift-work.
Through each
leaf,
hole
is
thruft the
ftalk
of a plantain
extending from
tlie
about
fix
put,
which
is
called potting.
The
by
.^
thofe
H
(
xcvii
)
fugar in
fair.
about
It is
is
commodity, when feafons are favourable, about one hundred and forty thoufand hogfheads are annually {hipped to Great Britain from
this
Of
precious
Jamaica.
The bounty
the very dregs and feculencies of this invaluable plant, yield one of the pureft, moft
fragrant,
and falutary
fpirits in the
world.
the
mode of making
in Europe,
Rum
diftillation
known
will be
fufficient.
it is
To work
the
.ftills
and worms,
In Jamaica,
;
>
made of
* The
have a
lees,
mod offenfive
I.
fe
Vol.
and
xcviii
vais,
or
In the Britifh
thefe
They
by the changes of
and they
melafles
laft
much
longer.
The
ingre-
rum,
confift
of
fcummings of the hot cane-juice from the boiling-houfe, or fometimes raw cane-liquor, from canes exprefled for the
purpofe
;
lees,
or dynder
is
ufe of dunder
to produce fermentation.
fermentation
rifes in the
of melailes,
when
every
added
given'
is
day or two after, when the liquor is in a high ftate of fermentation. When it
in a
grows
fine,
or aif-globules,
is fit
for diftillation,
ftill,
and
it is
largeft
where
made
to boil.
the vapour, or
forces
its
way through
the
xcix
the
worm,
it is
in a
dream
as clear as cryftal,
till it is
and
fufFered to
run
to
no longer
is
inflammable.
The
it
fpirit
thus obtained,
it
called low'wines^
and
make
Jamaica proof,
diftillation.
mud
undergo a fecond
eftimated in
this is faid to
The
is
proportion of
crop of fugar,
commonly
rum
thirds
rum
is
nearer
the truth.
r
in
Jamaica,
fet
is
cofiee.
Coffee-
plants
may
be
out at
all
feafons of the
will thrive
They
it
any
(ituation,
provided
be fcreened
from the north winds, which deftroy its bloflbm. The heft and higheft flavoured
fruit is the
The
about
fet out,
g 2
They
are fe-
feet in height.
Being
The
holes in
which they
are placed
muft be of fufEcient depth' to receive the lower part of the ftem about two inches
under the furface of the ground.
third year
In the
when
of
iingle
The pruning
fertile
The
weight
after the
about 750
coffee.
foil,
pounds
of merchantable
The
on the
climate,
mode
Coffee
refpeds
But
the Arabian
the ripe
till
under a heavy
winnowing it from
.
from impurities,
berry.
is
infinitely beft
adapted
In Jamaica, as fooa
.as
the berries
ac->
be
They
are
ftages
of
ripenefs.
One
hundred bufhels
one thou-
methods of drying
pf boards, about
^harges
f^parated
it
i fl,
to fpread the
on a (loping platform
with the
dif-
The
mill,
by a
wooden
mortar, 2dly,
To remove
the pulp
from the berry immediately as it comes from the tree, by paffing it through a mill.
The
latter is
the
mod
is
expeditious mode,
removed, a mem-
is alfo fepa<-
by grinding.
g3
A third
"i
A third commercial
in Jamaica,
is
objet of agriculture
and
the
the raw
material
greater part of
mankind
Of
moft pro-
and the
tember.
Brazilian.
is
The
plant
is
raifed
from
and
fown from
May
to Sep:
delights in
foil
new ground
is
drynefs of both
tial
and atmofphere
It is
effen-
to
its
profperity.
planted in rows,
each
The
At the end of four months the ftem is topped, and the branches are pruned. In five months
its
From
and
It is
finally
burft into
three
partitions,
difplaying
their
white
ilown at maturity.
t'>
now
gathered, but
1.
>
'i
the
it,
are extri-
We
fhall
taken in a veflel
bound to Europe from the Ifle of France, were prefented to the government of Jamaica by Lord Rodney in 1782. By flips from thofe plants, many thoufand trees of
it
now
profper.
It
fed
its
abundant feeds
nume-
rous (hoots of
its
The
<.:
tree is clad
with a
its
full foliage
quite
to the
bottom of
have
trunk.
When
the
branches
grown
to about
one inch
The
mon aroma
in perfedion.
The piementotree,
g 4
tree,
or allfpice grows
Its
fpontaneoufly
in
Jamaica.
tion
;
berry
is
a valuable produc-
the properties of
many
eaftern fpices.
This
of
art
to extend
or improve
growth,
Inftead,
method
A piece of woodland in
and
trees
where
and
birds fhelter,
is
have
fallen
perifh,
frcfh grove.
quent
to the
parts of th^
by the
birds.
The piemento
feet,
its
rifes to
is
the
height of twenty
flem
a grey
Its full
limbs ramifying on
all
fides, are
covered
bay
is
tree.
and Augufl,
relieved
by an exuberance
The
berries
fit
for gathering.
They
.
on account
-,
cv
count of the glutinous pulp that thickens on them when they are at maturity. The
fruit is gathered
fun on a terrace
brown
fir
for market.
Thus
clofes
So va-
The
landed and
perfonal
property,
fifty
each,
Icfs
than
the
ifland,
we fliall
of the people
the negro
in
Jamaica
cumcnts.
cvi
leafl:
cuments, to be at
fifty
It is painful to
an individual, unfriendly to
flavery in
But
efpecially in the
warm
man
it
purpofes to us in-
fcrutable, has
and
of
human
cate
it.
fociety.
No
revolutionary noftrums
recommended by
ftatc
Millions of the
human
race mufl
by
new and
arifen,
is
now
afluaged
The
Recent
the
regulations, enforced
by law,
reftrain
delpotifm of the mafter, and to a very falutary degree protedl the flave.
Improving
humanity
evil
fupplici
influence
by which
their condition is
ameliorating.
The
negroes
on a
firft is
fugar
claiTes.
The
comprethe
confifts in
foil,
cutting
and aiding
in the
manufadure of the fugar and rum. The fecond clafs is compofed of young boys and
girls,
pregnant
women, and
convalefcents.
light
The
third
clafs
confifts
of young
children, governed
by a
careful old
woman,
weed-
in picking grafs,
The
fummoned
to the field
:
by the found of a horn or bell a white overfeer and a black driver fuperintend
them.
The names
till
work commences,
or nine o'clock.
is
and continues
eight
Then
fifts
at leaft half
an hour
allotted for
breakfaft time.
CVlll
pepper.
Refuming
till
their
noon
when an
inter-
two hours
is
refrefhment.
The
to their vegetable
leturn again to
funfet.
the
common
labourer.
Every proprietor
to
cultivate in
is
compelled
by law,
acre for
ground provifions
by hurricanes) one
;
befides the
allotment
of negro territory.
To
culti-
night belongs to
Thus they
I'ell.
raife
provifions,
others
fabricate
tables.
chairs, baflcets, or
common
Thefe
of
pickled
fifli,
utenfils, or
gaudy
drefTcs
It
which
#'
CIX
never
efta-
but
feems completely
by cuftom. The cottages of the negroes on a plantation, are ufually conftruded on rifing ground near a fupply of pure water. The group refembles an hamlejt. Tropical trees which many of them, pjant about their habitations, flicker it, and diverfify its appearance. In ftrudure and
comfort, thefe cottages certainly furpafs the
cabins of the IriQi peafants.
tage for a
A fingle cotis
man and
his wife
about twenty
earth.
The floor is commonly of dry native The roof is fo well thatched with
leaves, as to
rain.
palm or cocoa
be impervious
is
Their cookery
air.
They
at
generally
within doors
night;
whh-
The
&c.
allowance
.of
'
ex
is
made
their flaves
when
Every plantation
'
is
provided
with
commodious building
The
by
and
fkill,
5
who
and in extraordinary cafes, the ufual comforts of the European diet, fuch as wine, gruel, &c. are fuperadded fo that the fituation of the fick and the aged, for
attention
:
whom
perpetual provifion
is
made, com-
monly makes them fome amends for the fervitudc they have undergone. The ufual
labour of the old
men
is
confined to watch;
and
that
of the
and
attending
Another fource
is
treated
by the African
race.
Accufed, as
they juftly
may
to their
Ta ^acoy and ma
S^ajheba^
(my
father
and
filial
*,.
my
mother,)
are terms
that denote
exi
by
fail
ttici
who muft be
to
cour and comfort with afFedion and veneration for the aged,
jk)
"!!!
. I
Dsr
.
The
dutiful fentiment,
This appropriation of women which univerfally prevails in Africa, is alfo very generally
adopted in the Weft Indies,
alone
it is
In Jamaica
drivers, coopers,
&c.
poflefs
tice, fo
many
points of view,
fexes, that
There are
among
and their
qualities
cxii
and
improvement in
all
the
tropical
regions*
and
removed above three degrees from the negro and although there are diftindions of name, following blood and complexion,
until
:
body
as mulattoes.
Their
legal
t!apacities
Their prin-
them from
a
In criminal cafes
evidence
is
inadmifiible againfl
white.
They
They
of
of.
are incapable
of ading in any
office
public truft
in the militia.
out
ceeds in value
2000
/.
currency.
But thefe
particular
>
removed by
and
in favour of indivi-
The
fidelity
is
loyalty
of the
people of colour
unimpeached.
is
Their
uniform and.
fincerc.
cxiii
iincere.
Their
progrefs
in
knowledge,
been flow.
But
if
a juft eftimate
may be
from
formed of the
capabilities
of
this race
among them,
better cultiva^s?:is
;
worthy of
The
fouls.
been computed
Of this number, a
very confiderable
;
and
ifland,
many have
country.
the
mother
combining with
Indies,
political inftitu-
tions,
ftate
of fociety in
a caft of
is
the
Weft
have created
in the
charader that
fufficiently
may
be diftinguifhed, and
marked
native white
own
free-
dom
which
to
them not
pierely
an
Hence
is
throughout
all clafles
of them, there
dif-
an independence of
fpirit
Vol. L
cxiv
fpirit
combined with a
certain confciout
nefs of equality
unknown
to the
European
communities.
Many
mixed
that a
as to be almoft infcrutable.
may,
warm
and addidted to
if fome
juridical controverfy.
But and
be
be
many
extravagant, in general
may
truly affirmed of
them
as a race, that
they
and
intelligent
adtuated
by a high
fenfe
of honour, emi-
j f
1
i
i
\
Tt.
'
*"-.
'
jk
\
ft
f.
'?'
'
'
'
...J\
1
n>
...
-*-
fiimh-i:
nan- ^:^J
-^
s:
./
X A
Ai-ciniipmur
Town
.S'.'
A'
,1.
%
-'
\
i
't'l'llhlM/,
4.
.aII.mIiJk*--
roi'K-llTS,
T in .
a''i'tfii, ,sl',iiil>i/-.
MA K
,
<)
OX ^VAK
/tr
'/)iiriir//
'
'-
'
'
I*
ralltMltJir
roCK-riTS.
T ii .
i>^'hi/t
,\-
:nj
a ju.k ):x
.^
Wak
jii JJJ)
/',////, /t.,-
;ni/l
i/j)^
///'//
/ffy/f/f/////
.K///'j''^/,'>'(>.'i.
i-.
'
>jS'\
I'^tetii
-.
/fci//<'/*/vr
,,,
il
II
-'1
-. A
V-
#,
::,,
THE
,,-.,
HISTORY
OF
THE
M A R O O N S.
LETTER
I.
'.'
#^^-
fperity. -Agriculture.
$ary Force.
St.
bute of Gratitude
St.
I
Domingo Planters
Mini/lry.Fxpe-
dition in Confequence,
French,
t
My
'4-HE
^lore
dear Friend,
in a
manner
that
ti
YoL.
I.
R
i
would
'j". *
'IBT
o
partiality will
would render
as I
it
know your
I
render
it
to you.
it
through the
I
fcope
we
will confider
will
events
ferve
one pleafing
purpofe,
that of convincing
you
that I
H
1'
was ready to make an attempt even beyond my powerj to gratify your defirc of
information.
Weft
to
Indies,
and
E B
l^H
not
but prove
interefting
the inha-
bitants of this
culiarly fo
to
fo
large a
ftake
in
that country.
at the
its
The
fituation
of
Jamaica
Revolution,
commerce, po-
V.
that period
; a^
hiftory of the
Maroons from
part of them,
Scotia,
their banifhment to
Nova
at
of Africa; the
of Jamaica
the
ifland, are
the fub-
you with
:
comments on
little
rors
no
Weft
Indies.
At
the time
fucceflion
of years by
Ame-
was enjoying
it
tranquil-
had never
before attained.
cauied
caufed
the
ifland
to flourifh,
enriching
Every thing
Great im-
was favourable
to the country.
much of the labour required for the ufual mode of turning the ground to receive the
JIiBJBb^mb
cane-joints, which,
as
you have
feen, is
The
prac-
formerly,
lUu;'!
when
foil
vering the
was to
Hi
i^^^^^PS!
by which
were
forefaw in time
and difpofed of
:
in the
purchafe of
new
joy
name of an
old
eftate;
and to beggar
outlived their
own
12
ruin.
The
x-.%
is)
The
tnaldng of fugar and
The
cultivation
increafed,
men of
fmall capitals
it ;
finding
their advantage in
them
failures
of the fpeculators
it
culture
of
to be as
entirely
abandoned
at leafl fo
much,
no longer
Coffee had
to deferve the
name of flaple.
a fimilar
it ;
nearly undergone
fate,
but the
favour
took place
able
and
it
Jamaica
rii
m
the
avowed
fuperiority
of* the
MochaIt
coffee.
is
The
was
it,
and
it
are
li
articles
but to no
rife
is
of
many a
fmk
willing that
fliore
fhould
and to forget
that,
I will enable
I
you
of the Jamaica-Trade
r.ii
the
commence-
li'H
feamed employed in it, with the nature and quantity of its exports and imports,
a
little
The
(late-
ment
&c
is
Men*
7748
For Great
Ireland
Britaia
34a
63f47"
10
M31
i304i
33
893
66
32
I
61I33
903
449
^SS
109
85,888
8
9,344
474
vefTels for
America and
more voyages in the year, a third is ufually deduded in computing the real number of
veflels, their
tonnage and
men
which, on
40Q
veflels,
nuary 1788, whh the value at the time in Sterling money, are as follows*:
Thefe
ftatements are on the authority of the hooki of
B4
(
>
.
)
^21
m
1
*>=2
il
&>
T3
uS
.<3
^1 "
H
*^
o ^ ^
1
1
>
rill
f
'
C4
"^
C<0
T3 .a 5
>''
Ct
r
u
-r.
"2.0
o S
so
3
a
00
II
e w - w
"^'i
CJ
^
12
j^, oo
^1
>o
1
Ov
0
IIII
R
7S "S
'^1
O H
*^ ^0
oo >0
"^
O
(5
&
o H M
III!
* eggs ' s s
.
U O
H
o 9 >o O
NO
>.
1^
S2 O
0>
5
H
u
00
V U
00 Ot
09,
6 V u
s
.a
!
&
>
^
00^
c
=3
rt
^ tQ
C*
88 r^
M H
oO Q O * ^ o o
^ - . -^
*
>o
H
00 00
3 s "
1
w c
e
o
c9
O
J3 S
'^^^ *1^^
t^>.0
y. eo
si
ft
fo
-If
c5C
00
^
<
M
u
(A
(
rt
cr
<4<0
t--00
00
CO
1
JOOO
A^
00
u
1
00
00
1 t
A
ut
'
.a
I
I
I
lA
.a
T3
tl 4>
831
-.3
ui
?r *>
S
<
w
C
"
"^
u S
tS
<
O o
;.2 "
UA<<m(S<
panui^uop
111 a
c
The Imports
From Great
L.
Britifh Manufalure3
s.
d.
L.
fl.
686,657
72,257
2
3
3
I
Foreign Merchandize
75893
From
amount of L. 350,000
175,000
From
Africa,
ftcrling
England
213,800
o o
From
3O1OOO
in Brltifti (hips
90,000
15,000
O O
From
...
Total
on an ave150,009
o
5
o
4
L.I, 432,732
The
the year
of
*o
Ma-
The
militia
men; and
3^
ont
Thus have
tive to
its
I given
you a
brief,
but ac-
commerce, population,
of the French
information
and
Revolution.
For particular
ftate
of the country
to the hiftory
on
you
of the
ters;
which accompanies
thefe let-
and
fhall at prefent
of the negroes
of.
at the
time
we
are fpeaking
The
many
m
i*
'<>
ele-
gancc
if
Ij
Another confe-
much
greater importance,
was
Men, taught
to
know them-
of
fo that in
ment
in the flate
The
modes of treatment long in ufe, the light in which (laves had been confidered, folely
as
whom
clogs
mafters
Houfe of Commons*
AmQng
the
mifchievoui
**
new philofophy
be
called barren in
men
of genius, an un-
good
re-
The
by
<L
mankind.
difcover the
and the
the prefervatlon of
life,"
now
fuggefted
that
to the
it
community
flavery,
in the
colony,
to take a frefh
view of
fort, the
In the
ftate
of the flavc-
view to the
abolition of it;
reftrained to the
the invelligation
was not
African
13
fubjed of flavery
cipation
was
at leaf):
on the
the
cruelties
in
Planters
horrible.
They began
if
and to
afk thcmfelves
monfters,
as
they were
by
who had
received a
liberal
educa-
the
were
not
unfounded.
and managers
fenfible that
many
of the
abominable adtions,
9
com-
mitted
ture*
a difgrace to na-
were
repealed,
and a code,
eftabliOied^i
By this law, among other humane regulations re-enaded from the a^ of 17S8, the
juftices
V
nifhment
at the public
and the
required to
veftry,
on oath
to the juftices
and
an
As the confolidated ad remains the code mir of Jamaica to the prefent time, I now
* 8cc AppndiX| No.
|.
drop
refume
it,
when
come
to confider the
The
by
the
affairs
of
St.
Domingo, impelled
affairs
of
mother- country,
affumed
the
mod
The
difaflrous
and
terrifying complexion.
elegance, perfpicuity,
and
I believe fidelity,
by Edwards.
I fhall
is
my fubjedt.
In
St.
Domingo,
pf America; many fought an afylum in Jamaica, and a number of the principal planters
went
to England.
,
So
early as in the
end
by many of
II
Govern-
Reout
paid
time,
volution,
and
anxious
to
preferve
it,
no
The
the"
National
of moderation, avowed
all
their
enmity againft
Europe as
tended to
alter
war
againft this
country.
And
I
here,
my
me
to
pay a
tribute of gratitude
and admiration,
to the
nhok
talents
and
'r
17
and
virtue,
havefaved
this
and
of a gentleman,
tl\e
independence
The
brilliancy
the.
Who
tranfit
of mer-
at
times
the
paffes
away and
I
leaves
fplendor undiminifhed.
am
one of
the multitude
who
fee in the
war which
means
our
Mr.
Pitt
by which
the
evils
that
threatened
Anarchy,
maflfacre,
dominion of popular
tremendous calamio
Vol. L
their
"""
'8
their talons
us.
myfriend,
this
opportunity
have for
many
:
years
teftified,
and which I
the nation
to
fail
warm
How
pure the
my
you
that,
Mr. Pitt as
tcaufe
of one of the
and
'"^^^'^
of
my
life,
allude
to, I
believe he
never heard
'
me
named.
.;i:i:r.,,:
i
i
^jhiln^'
>
"*
j\'
On
ajgain
made by
Domingo
*
to
j*
'9
te the Britifh Miniftry,
unwilling to
milly,
liften to
one of the
Planters, obtained
him
to adopt fuch
meafures
in
h^
difcretion
he might
of thofe parts of
St.
Domingo
that
his majefty's
fufiicient force
from
command,
to replace
Domingo.
"
''
'
'''
^^
There
are
in
which
this
difaftrous
expedition
a connexion
it
vdth Jamaica.
drained
manner
of
flavery.
It
was
the
put
an end to the
Indies.
Weft-
thus in an
awful
ment
in the
Succeeded in
Earl Balcarres,
ifland in the
who had
arrived
in the
month of April
preceding, with
hiftory
le^t;er
in this
whicU
;*>
in the early
you
are
prepared
to enter upon
fhall
our
accordingly
in
my
next
relate to
you the
origin of the
-,
Matoons.
-,_v:i
t\c^\.
.V*4^
/V
-V
^.^'ATr
<rjln*&*^.
'^fel^ili'^"*i-^vW^vuJ'
vx'^'i
J^i-^
ii
"V
V.>0
.'i
'.-J
A
H*i
/>in;
^^^Wti'/wWVv
ifCY*>'-'*
Vmi'>^
V
V
I
X\X ^r^^V^
'.nt'O
'Xi*'
.'i-'f^^
'*->'. iSvCi
%h
\^
'Kf'-
>rtt'/V-"A^'^A^'^
> j'-lvv'v^fl
V iK.f
^l^iffi.^ . *
G-rcj
?i^v;
ij;,Inrf(r-|
cj
t.
'
>.
X<
X 7 , R
II
fy _f^^j^'.,^^
Jamaica
lift.'-^Juan
de
Maroonj.^^
They
eleSi
Maroom
en
creafe in
Number.-^-Divifton of the Cottawood Party* Body of them join CudJoe.-^The whole Forty
Madagafcars,
Ammunition.
General
different
interejl
ejlablifhed
Maroons of the
vernment
ejlablijhes
advanced Pojls.
Mufquito
Go-
Indians
^^Cudjoe changes
under his brother
his
7^#
Accompong,
Pof$tion,
War,
Progrefs of the
War,
Determines fir/i
Sadler march
to
Cudjoe*s
When
Cuba,
23
fufficiently
many
Spa-
poffefled,
Their chief
town
called Sevilla
Nueva
from
St.
In
upA to
and acthe
old
make a
defcent
on the
ifland,
Don Arnoldo
de
Safi,
C4
old
Nuevo
fort.
to thos
The
by
at-
vigorous
meafures purfued
Co-r
who,
with a body of
five
fide,
and
finally
compelled
all
r^
It
may
to
be imagined that
flaves
at their
depardifin-
would be
follow
fi;ill
the
fortunes
of their
mailers, and
lefs
difpofed to fubmit to
the conquerors.
mountains on the
it,
north and
eafl fides
of
afforded
them
and
it
fesiA*
is
retreats.
To
inftigated
by
their
mit
hoftilities againft
new
poffefTors
flaves
of
be*
* Edwards
had 1500
who
Uify
thq
t
tlie
couiMTf
a fuppofition by no means
communication.
','*.*>
*yf
'
I
r'^M
Spaniards, large bo
had
fled to the
woods
number
occupied.
fugitives
The
negroes under
him were
fouth
fide, but,
it is
acknowledgment of
amnefty for
all
and an
offences.
They
could not
by the
con-
36
were
a bar-
At
firft
and
their
numbers greatly
decreafing,
in
they fought
the vicinity of
them
ever
known
-ij.il
,-o
'l'il'i\
iv
'^nti-f;
The
1
reft
now
years
defignated
by the
appellation of Maroons,
many
wage a
defultory
war
bitants,
were confined
and northern
but in
of Clarendon,
who
found a fecure
negroes, with
nication,
commu-
By degrees
the
back
fettlers,
by plundering
their houfes,
by
force.
many
who
and
had
made fome
progrefs
(late
.
in
their
eftates, to live in
a continual
of alarm
and to build
Thefe were fo
placed as to
buildings,
command
the piantation-worksy
fre-r
loop**
upon the
when
This body. of Clarendon rebels were unconnected with the original fugitives, and
who,
have
faid,
con*
tinued
28
At
on
firft
their depredations
in fmali parties,
cattle
with killing
now and
then
but in
the courfe of time they habituated themfelves to fuch excefles that frequent
com-
plaints
legiflature,
who
at
length liftened to
the reprefentations
by an armed
them
woods
and difcover
in the putfet
They were
furprifed
by fome parties, difperfecj, and many of them killed. Previous to this they had no general leader or chief of the body,
but wandered in gangs under the direction
of
different leaders
but
now Bnding
that
tl^eni-
were
force,
and elected a
chief,
whbfe name
was Cudjoe, a
i
y,
man.
'
'
man, who, on aflbming the command, appointed his brothers Accompong and Johnnyleaders under him,
fubordinate Captains.
rebels
were carry-
Maroons
of years
fettle
near
them
were
I
Ineffedtual
efforts
made
fuffered
greatly
in feveral
attacks,
all
furprlfes
and
I
well-proje^ed
they remained a
difpofed to
i
who were
body.
They were
time by a number of
Africa.
Whether
it
was
that this
body of Mafre-
rn
quent
3^
quent
of
aflaults
many
which
is
probable,
1730
a party of
them
feparated
and
diftinguiflied themfelves
by
it is
the
name
fuppofed,
come from a place fo called, near the prefent Maroon Charleftown, in the
parifli
of St. George's.
On
learning that a
confiderable
body of
flaves
on
war
againft the
White inha;
that
their
thefe people
man ; and
country,
to
join
the
Clarendon
mand
'i
)
(;
mand of
Cudjoe.
At fubfequent
periods,
tached themfelves to this chief, and by degrees the whole party were united under
him: but though confolidated into one body for all the purpofes and projeds of a
community of free-booters, the diftindion of their origin was always kept up. The name of Cottawood was preferred among
the defcendants of that tribe, and the original
\i\
II
diftinguiflied
fees, in
which
of their
chiefs continued.
at
what period
had
of
11
unknown, though
diftindl in
certainly after he
become formidable,
negroes,
figure, charader,
by another
tribe
;
every refped
their
Their fkin
is
thofe of Europeans
their hair
is
of a loofe
and
30
a Mulatto's or
delicate,
and
Qua^
their'
droon'a
ftature
their
form more
lower
:
and
rather
than
thofe
of the
they were
much hand-
fomer
to
and although
probable
their original
character
was
eafily
They were
not know,
why I do
It
poflible there
may
be fome other
diftridt
in Africa called
faid
that
by the fame name. They they ran away from the fettleSt.
foon
after
It
the
Planters
had
bought
their
them.
number was
prolific.
great, but
markably
I
Some of the
rt
remember
33
remember
own
with
families, a
of the negroes
whom
They
in their
recolleded
for things in
common
ufe,
that
The Coromantee
hitherto
and
it
was not
were
till
1(1
and
parties
fitted
out againit
They began
at
that
in their fre-
and
ifland,
!'
34
ifland,
ertions of difciplined
Plunder
but
themfelves
paffion of revenge.
their fuccefles
:
Murder
attended
all
not only
men
but
women
if
un-
Over fuch
as fe-
them,
on the plantations,
made them
fubfervient to
By
thefe
and knowing
tl.e
routes they
prepared his
am-
As he
frequently de-
his fuccefs
his
was one
men with
it
nor was
the only
at that
35
in the fale
there can be
no doubt
that he
had friends
who made
a regular purchafe of
them un-
bafket of provifions
on
un-
noticed
known
it
eafily
efFeded for-
The Maroons,
their
too,
were much
more provident of
ammunition than
away
ineffedually.
Thefe circumftances
many
years,
At length,
niftration
admi-
began to
of the inefFedual
D2
ed
36
ed
he had
now
wind-
perfifted in hofti-
againft
and on
enterprifing.
The Government,
therefore,
determined
bouring
formed
in the centre
far the
moft formi-
The
was
on Cave River,
extremity
of a very fmgular
furrounded on
all
nearly
the
fca;
fr
was
37
was
built within
Other
pofts,
on a
were
of the
ifland.
By
and fupplies
clofer to the
Maroons, long
up between
different pofts
wage
were
.
facilitated.
'i
;'
iX-.fH'i:
./
^p-^p'^^m.. \i^:u-n:]
^ I
-.
The
re-
pied
by
the
windward Maroons
and to
have
called
thefe
com-
panies,
for their
aflift.
To
this
^- rf
^3
,,
y*-
"t
..*
38
this force
toes,
and Indians
for the
laft
whom>
feveral veflcls
Mofquito
fhore.
From
the
country, under
very adive
officers,
among whom
Cudjoe and
Captain James *
of
the
much
difappointed
difE-
had begun
to cultivate provifion-grounds.
The
Black-fhot
and
Mufquito
Indians
not,
however,
were
ti
'--'^.Tfc,^
;.
''
39
fide
of the
^^>i;
lofs.
v>I.
"
It is
al-
ways
to be confidered as defeated
when they
retired
and
;
left
enemy
for furprife
they had
I
i\
I
fields,
The grand
object of a
a ftation in
Maroon
fome
chief in
war
It is
was to take
glen, or, as
called in the
entrance
the
firft
by a very narrow
is
defile.
From
line
Cockpit there
a fucceflion of
eaft to weft,
on a
pafTable
from one
to the
other,
lefs difficulty.
There
from
fifty to
found practicable
D4
40
but
is
ticable
to
any
Maroon.
The
northern afpet
commonly
the fteepeft
and often a
folic!
were practicable, to
This
is
thefe recefTes,
though they
may
in
fome
They have
large
probably
been formed
ifland
along the
mountains of the
quakes.
either
by
violent earth-
On
no
:
trees, or
roots
woody.
In fome>
water
is
Such
the
in times of
daii^;er,
Hav-
way
to
was
(o
and
ut
who go
in quefl
of
41
of provifions
diftant
and plunder,
that
when
track
was obferved
it
by a
fharp-
fighted guide,
to
the
mouth of
At
this
like
great fiflure
extraordi-
nary convulfion of Nature, from two hundred yards to half a mile in length, and
ii
through which
fingle
filcj
men
of the recks
on both
fides.
frequently in a
1
on each
;
fide, if the
mit
in filent
ambufh
for
their
pur-
and
the
defile,
trees
and
underwood,
in
an approach of
many
4*
many
fioncd
either
occa-
by the
or defignedly
made
ambufh.
A
the
favourable
opportunity
is
taken
when
fire
enemy
is
one
fire
fide.
on the
where they
fee the
rufli
dire(Stion*
Stopped by
this,
and undecided
which party
by the difcharge of a
entrance of the
tfvc
from the
defile.
In the meantime
frefli,
concealed Maroons,
and thorough-
ly ac^jualnted with
their
ground, vanifh
more
men,
and return
with-
is
reafonable
43
under Cudjoe
Indeed,
it is
known
Mouth
the black
difficult, it
was eafy
in
com-
^795.
...
who were
*'!
.v:k
parts of
Clarendon
pofition^
refolved
to
change
his
and to feek a
more extenfivc
He
accordingly
removed
Weft, the
firft
Bottom,
<
44
)
acceflible
Bottom,
now
well
known, was
by
a very
narrow
defile.
judgment
in
he
no valour or
at the
him
and
The
as
was
equally judicious in
incurfions,
refped to predatory
Hanover,
beth's, lay
Weftmoreland,
and
;
St.
Eliza-
open
to
him
and prefenting
lefs
defenfible frontiers,
him
detachments,
and
of
obtaining
different quarters.
He
fent
Cudjoe
t
now augmented
the
body he had
placed
45
command
eftablifhed
of his brother
Accompong, and
them on the
where the
but where alfo
northern borders of
St. Elizabeth,
cattle,
men had to ad
This
againft a greater
number
town
called
Accompong
name.
dom
and ravaging
when
defencef
;1
vic-
tims to their
when
in
that
was given
to
imbrue
hands
comiund
to liay the
46
) i4
beeii
no grounds
eagernefs
to difpatch
wounded enemy
by one
fight
*.
Was foon
releafed
from
his milery
of the many
cutlafles
which on the
of
him were
the fugitive
and
fincc
indifcriminately to
Force
after force
had
j
been employed to
their hoftile opera-
the inhabitants
vigour.
were carried on
with unremitted
At length the
facrifice^
colonifts refolvcd to
make every
to fo
who
volun^
i^j^E^-
47
command
Amidft
I
there were
vigorous nteafures;
perpe-
ifland,
the
Government.
The
governor,
Edward Trethem
of the country
to oiTer
terms of peace.
it
was
necef-
expedition
which was
freedom and
in-
48
of
the contemplation
flaves,
numbers of
at obtain-
whom
communicate
They
and
Maroons,
to
who were
whom
were conceded.
of the
offers to
On
receiving intelligence
his detachments,
fallen
back,
made
againft them.
The formidable
difficulty in the
flate
of thefc
threw a great
tiation,
way of negoit
for
the
diftruft
of the Maroons
to reconcile
with
Governed by
this
49
His men
that rofe
on
being
narrowed
fire
into
paflage,
upon
into a
which the
bear.
defile
at a time.
it
Had
it
of men,
for the
to
have
by
rolling
down
them
by
This Defile,
retained the
name of
mentioned.
the
impregnable,
continuation of the
line
of fmaller
Vol.
I.
Nature
50
own
their
and
all
On
the
the open
at
the
mouth of the
cockpit
them by the
and
every approach to
by
fmall
advanced
parties,
who on
the appearance
SI
lilanifefted
his intentionSj
for an accommodation,
by ordering
a fhot.
fire
His
'
main body,
At
thic r
advanced
with
his
troops,
beft difpofition of
ground
confi-
their
he
continued
advancing
till
he
he then
halted,
fee
people
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
u|2
u
US.
122
I.I
11.25
1.4
1.6
^'^^
Ffiotographic
n WMT MAM ITRMT
WMITM.N.V. I4M0
4^
4^
(7U)m-4lM
CarpOFatkin
\
s\
K^
J2
An
anfwer was
Maroons wilhed
by fending
particulars relafecurity,
freedom and
which
to
-.;
the
Government had
.
authorifed
,
him
,
propofe to them.
V
'
"i
'
to,
Dr.
was feleded
He
Ma-
roons,
whom
of them
were Cudjoe.
tive,
They
if
he would
(lay a little
while and no
fee Cudjoe. ''"
"
Coro-
53
Corcmantee language to
their people
on
be-
which
feveral bodies
of them,
who were
and beg-
whom
was
and good
man he would
to live in
Maroons now defcended, and among them it was not difficult to difcover
'
Several
man, uncommonly
with very
He
his
of white cloth,
original ufe
might have
Ej
been
54
been doubted.
He
had on a
pair of looib
crown, that
it
worn exadly
to
On
hia right
hung a cow's horn with fome powder, and a bag of large cut flugs ; on the left
fide
he wore a
flrap that
went
He had
no
fhirt on,'
and his
dirt
of the Cock^
refembling oker.
his
and
men were
^11
as ragged
and
dirty a^
himfelf :
cutlaifes.
CiidT
and aiked
Dr. RuiTell
which
is
many
'*
fcooped out,
by the negroes
queftiong
55
At
laft
RuiTell
offered to
change
hats with
him
as a
token of friendfhip,; to
when
Col. Guthrie
aloud to him,
affuring
him of a
faithful
fell
promifed.
He
to
faid that
he wifhed to
a few of the
come unarmed
him with
them of peace on
fecurity to the
it*
with liberty
their ac*
and
Maroons on
,J>i
ceding to
vmC^
iMQ:
r-i-W*.*.
his
people to come
down from
the rocks,
which
As
by joy or
fear
was doubtful
te^&g
.,nba
fire
of his
the
ne->
^4
gotiators
56
gotiators
were unarmed.
to
Colonel Guthrie
his hand*
advanced
which Cudjoe
and
kifled.
He
then
He
feemed to have
and
to have
and abjed.
The
of the Maroons,
unbounded joy
the
fide
at the fmcerity
fhown on
Colonel
that
had been
communicated
by
eftablifhed
on both
the
parties intermixed,
exchanged
hats,
and reciprocally
before
57
want of
means
to continue hoflilities,
or even to
How
it,
long Cudis
uncer-
enough
to
whom
on an
aflurance of pardon,
many,
if
not
but
all
were
by (hame and
At
and
all
it
were executed under a large cotton-tree growing in the middle of the town at ihc
entrance of Guthrie's Defile.
The
tree
and held
in great veneration.
here fubjoia
Articles
(
t
-
58
f>
Articles
of Pacification
/-
i^
'73S
IN
tain
the
Whereas
Captain
Johnny,
Cuffee,
Quaco, and
other
negroes, their
of war and
years
pafty againft
ifland
and
whereas peace and friendfhip among mankind, and the preventing the effufion of
blood,
reafon,
!s
agreeable to
God, confonant
to
and whereas
by
dated
February
the
twenty-fourth,
one
59
full
to
John Guthrie
efquircs, to negotiate
Cud-
and the
reft
and others his men; they mutually, fin^ cerely, and amicably, have agreed to the
following articles
;
;
..
^;v
Firft,
That
all
and
men,
(late
fhall
of freedom and
excepting
Ihofe
who
hy them, within
two years
with
faid
if
what
is
paft
fhall
remain in fubjec*
with
6o
of
this treaty.
IV,-
fhall
for themfclves
the
lands fituate
Trelawny
ing
Town
amount of
fifteen
hundred
acres,
bear-
Town.
Fourth,
That they
fhall
have liberty
cocoa,
hogs,
goats,
when
or
they
fhall
apply
firfl
to
the cuftos,
their
goods to
"-
Fifth,
6i
)
all
Fifth,
now
live together
think
fit,
any
fettlement, crawl,
provided
both
parties.
Sixth, That
and his
fucceflbrs,
do ufe
deavours to take,
either
kill,
fupprefs, or deftroy,
by
by
any
that
other
fervice
Governor, or
commander
7
*
^,
.^
^
nIf'V
;i:^
.w
<
tf-;d
Seventh,
6i
)
bef
named or
upon
commander
on
that occafion.
man
flial!
to Captain
Cud-
any of
his or their
command-
cafe
Captain Cudjot^
upfuch offender
tojuftice.
'<
Ninth, That
after
if
any negroes
their
fhall
here-
run
away from
fall
matters or
owners, and
w'T-
into
Captain Cudjoe*s
hands,
63
and thofe
that bring
them
Tenth, That
all
by Captain Cudjoe*s
people,
fliall
immediately be returned.
wait on
his
Excellency,
Or the
w
commander
i
> J
fhall
have
power
to inflift
any punifhment
men among
;
excepted
thinks
in
which
Captain
fhall
he
be
obliged to bring
juftice
pf the peace,
^-'
who
order proceedings
'oil
64
on
negroes.
''y^-^-Si
[ffii^
town
'ife
lllii
>
Fourteenth,
be nominated by
commander
til
l!
il '
and
refide
with Captain
Cudjoe, and his fucceflbrs, in order to maintain a friendly correfpondence with the in-
},r
I'x'
Fifteenth,
fhall,
during his
be chief commander in
after his deceafe the
Trelawny town ;
com-
mi
mand to devolve on his brother Captaia Accompong ; and in cafe of his deceafe, on
his next brother Captain
I"
fhall
who
( 5s to
6s
after
Commander
ftall
add Governor, or
;
whom
he
command.
'
:;:
i..
li
f
I
ii''--
..,'.
'
"'}
-i
Vol.
I.
":l
(
f^
*
ee
IJ
-r
'
f''
'/*:
LETTER
to difcover
III.
Party fent
^100.
Burn fome
Spirit of
the
Huts.
to
Ambit/hed,'^Party under
Peace with Sluao,
Settlement.
the
Windivard Maroon
Savage
Revenge.-Difpute between
Peace concluded.
Re-
Difference in
and
thofe ofCudjoe*s.
VV E
mull
now
return to the
Windward
fome time.
and com-
Maroons, between
whom
Under
their chief
Quao
Previous to the
againft
laft
prepara-
made
the
Trelawny body,
force,
of a
detachment of Captain
Adair's independent
tenants
fifty
.1
tenant>
67
tenant,
was
fent
of
it.
came
of
to a fpot
where the
men and
dogs were
vifible.
Here, imafettle-
Maroon
town
early next
morning by
furprife.
As they
diflance,
little
upon which
fpot
;
up
to the
their march,
town not
to be tenable,
decamped in the
burning in each.
place
It
was not
temit
porary
refort, the
neighbourhood of
af-
The
troops
I!|
68
on
troops
fet
the huts
fire,
purfuit of the
Maroons,
who had
made trads
and
vifible
by
cutting
awa^
at certain diftances, to
overtaken.
1
At one
fire left
place Lieutenant
Gon-
cannon found a
1 lh\i
broiling',
and
untouched.
lefs purfuit,
and much
fatigiie,
the troops
the
on
bank
no other cohdudor*
impercejitibly
their rear
and
flanks,
pufhing back
furioufly
upon
the rear.
The
Mr
#(f
militia fled,
and
69
and
folio we(l.
The
By
expended
fituation,
all
their
ammunition.
their
In
this
to
At length
the
a (hot
being
river,
fired
frorii
they imagined
Maroons
way
acrofs the
The
them
to purfue
fatigued,
About
illl
'I
M
.
'^
after this,
and fub-
of three hundred
com-
mand
in queft of the
Windward Maroons,
making
for
the purpofe of
them.
a hornman,
to
it
him
to
where
happened that a
prifoner
taken
the
fir ft
which
"ink:
open.
As
the
know
it,
and
that the
Governor
with them.
lH1l!!f
He
force,
was very
tha^
town by
and reprcfented
its
fitua-
tion
tioii
to be fuch as lib
from
their
advanced
fentries.
After a march of
two
days, through a
full
of
Adair made a
halt,
by
proceeded from the miffing hornman, returned an anfwer with one of their horns
but not a
man
come
it
make peace;
that
was
them on
The
Maroons had
ligence of th foldier
whom
removed
their
F4
fufpicion.
70
fome parley, they agreed
This was no fooner
light brufli-wood oi^
fufpicion,and, after
by
and expofed
to
ranged in order,
The
to,
to the town.
As they fcrambled up
a nar-
row path they every where found holes dug to cover the defenders of the mountain,
and
(licks
crofTed
every
was neAfter
to
make
in
afcending.
on the other
fide,
by a path
town,
it
pifiicult as this
approach appears,
may
'
be confidered as eafy
when compits,
;.
>.
73
^
fo as to
pits,
women and
They
other,
on finding
that the
men
di4 not
follow them.
Tq
who was
left
the
firft
with them
up
Quao,
had
^*
they
been
out,
Buckra, Buckra."
jnent the
of white
women wore rows of the teeth men as ornaments and the under;
them
the
firft
^(Joirned
j^
Before
74
)
it
had
of that fqx
>
'
"','
'
the
'
'
art.
by
the treaty an
whole negotiation.
who happened
Maroons
to be out
up and joined
treaty being
on the
On
between the
militia;
officers
the
men
The Ma-
fucl\
75
to perfuade
them
that they
was no-
fear.
.,
,
..,,.,,
The
fad, and as
..
':
'/:;
,:i:.;,^
difpute ended,
it
came
is
up.
However
the
treaty
Houfe of Aflembly,
of Colonel Bennet.
name
The
ferted
wind-
ward tdwns,
June
{
i
76
)
tb,e
July 17399
fame
-;
ijr'
'
9th.
That in
rebiels
overppwered
hy more
Goyernort
(..
loth.
That
in cafe
(><elonging to
Captain
Quao
ihall
he guilty
death, he
deliyer
him or them up
to the nei^t
magiftrate,
may punlfh
ii
-'f'i.
v,^AS
-:
"T
,'
"jv'
;.. !
2th.
his people
fell,
f^liall
fjl'IWil
iiilt
fame town
fhall
and that
the fucceffors of
Quao
be
Thomboy,
Clalh*
It
>
.wi^
(
'.
77
It is to
the
the fame
mode of
;
trial
as thofe of
Tre-
lawny town
their treaty
'
.'
\>
'
-V
'J
>
'
,.
-^
'
/,
di
t\:
,:
.]
v';,
*
I
.;)
'
,-; v'-.-.'Sf:-.
fc^
*-,-;!
'
A^-
>
.n ^'
'
,
'hfa^
(
f
?8
;
.
)
I"
.''
^
'
^^:
'
:^T
LETTER
Maroon Towtu.
fans of the
IV.
Maroons.
Trelawtiy
Town
defcribed.
The per^
Dif-
Language.
Office of Superintendani.
roons.
roons as
Public,
lage.
Daughters.
Laws Ma^ Negle^ of Ma-^ a and Grounds and TiL Marriages. White Towns. Po*
relative to the
and Tajle,^
Regulations.
Exiflence .f the
dijlin5i
Body.-Ufeful
to individuals
the
Frovifton.
Produce of their
Food.
Stock.
Traffic.
Reception of
Vifitors.
Funerals^
body of
terior
us take
fet-
Of thefe
there
were
five
Trelawny-town, Acompong-
town,
79
town,
ifland
fituated
ia
different
parts
of the
from the
tremity.
The people of the eaftern towns were called Windward Maroons. I will not
enter into a feparate defcription of thefe
places, but fpeak chiefly of
Trelawny-town,
which
will
make
the
moft confpicuous
,'
We have feen,
parifh of
that
by the
treaty
made
him,
to
his
com-
mand.
On this
20 miles
to the fouth-eaft of
Montego Bay.
me
to
convey
you up
immenfe
were
precipices
of
barren rock.
The
habitations of the
fo
Maas
roons of Trelawny
to
placed
town,
13
each
80
each other.
for
pariih of
eight or nine
at a place called
on the
fide
whence
it
which
is
at the dif-
now
mere
track,
hill,
which
it
afcend^
on the
left
grown with
*
').
fern,
pena
a graiirtg farm,
i^i
.-''*;
of
8i
it
enters the
farther on*
The
principal
town of
the
is
It
for the
mod
is
part level
\:o
fourteen miles,
afcent
very
difficult for
From
is
the latter
rifes
on the
fituated
New Town,
on a kind of clayey
Old Town.
ridge, fimilar to
On
the acclivity
fcite
extremely
the
Maroon
houfe,
for
habitations
were
difpofed
larity;
on
little
Vol,
from
82
and between
thefe ridges,
formed by the
The
fpots
had by degrees
the
mould with
barren
eminences of clay.
Here
and
there, in patches,
of the
alhes
to every houfe,
trees,
by the manure.
made of a
with great
being
ne-
The
fences,
from
glected,
different paths
them
the
very fmall
tracks;
which, from
frequent
pafling
of
cattle,
became deep
ftiff
mire
the
of a
man up
to
middle.
I'
ill
83
tniddle.
On
this
account, the
Maroons
dif-
by themfelves.
The
houfea
flooring,
the
ground
Some
habitachiefs,
and
feveral
had
According to a plantation
be dated
at
double the
fum.
It
was on ac-
which they
built
with,
and drove
e.
The
/;..
(
-^
S4
)
fimilar
ill
mofl*
11 m
and extended
communication between
towns was
defife,
The Maroons,
on
for
fufFerance,
treaty.
Of
the
1500
acres
worth
cultivating,
and the
reft
of
it
was
of a
which are
foil.
certain
indications
poor
and
The
i.;:Uf*J
elevated region,
on which the
is
fet-
The
fcite
of the
profpedt
8J
Kme and
prefents
lubjeds
that
worthy of the
under George
III.
woods
to Vaughan's-field,
made
one
New
and
you
will (land in
let
need of
till
reft,
I (hall
therefore
you
lleep
The fmoke
and. fleecy-
my
defcription
by
fiifFerlng the
intrufion of a
mifplaced
idea of an in-
salubrious
exhalation.
is
The
fog of the
Weft-India mountains
Jt
not unwholefome.
veloper,
li'iii
86
valley,
velopes
hill
and
appears at day*
eye above
that
it
it,
all
covers.
how
lies
before
you
From
you
the eminence
fee the
which
you have
cipices
gained,
upper parts
and caves,
irregular
clumps
of
inclofures
As
the
morn-
you have
before
you an ocean,
little
diverfified
with a variety of
iflands,
broadening
left
by
and
vales.
At length
difperfed
the fun
is
by the warmth of
travels over
his beams,
your eye
an immenfe country
87
catches
the lively
fcenery of fucceeding
fight to the
plantations,
town on the
bays
as
they re-
is
compelled to
reft at laft
on
.
feldom
lefs
mode of
life
of the in-
habitants,
the
conftant
exercife
of their
limbs
their
tains
in
afcending
interior of the
country in purfuit of the wild boar, contributed to produce the ftrength and
fymme*
try in which
the
Maroons of Trelawny
excelled
Town
the
maica.
on the
fcitc
of Tre-
lawny Town,
*
ners,
t
on the
eftates
88
defcended from the fame race of Africans, but difplayed a ftriking diftindion in their
perfonal appearance, being blacker, taller,
and
lit
of them
who were
in every refpedt
in^*
ferior to themfelves.
m\
were
eret
and
oufnefs
iJiti
of fuperiority
vigour
appeared
dif-
upon
their mufcles,
agility.
played
them appear*
iil
ing a
little
ia
it
their houfes,
.1,1.1,
They
pofTefled
moftj^
flMllM
'MM
ill'.,
I'*
<
inoft, if
89
not
all,
degree.
habit, to
They were
difcover
in
fron
woods
objedj.,
enabled them to
;
they were
feldom
furprifed.
They communicated
fcarcely be
thefe" could
heard
by
very re-
by
diftance,
appears
that a fingle
horn fhould
on
reflexion,
it is
dozen
plicity
bells
are
(combination of twenty-fix
Allowing
^-:
90
)
lefs
variation oF
it
conveying
particular
ideas,
from
being
which
bells
are not
fo
can adopt
all
the
modulation of confeet
catenated meafure,
might be fo
variety of ideas.
But to return
faid
to the
their
that
of fmelling
is
ohtitfe^
and
their tajle
I
depraved,
liave fcent
heard, on the
is
that their
of run^
away negroes
to a great- diftance
;
by the
and
as to the latter,
hog, and
to an
ringtail
pigeons,
table,
delicacies
unknown
European
to
name among
the
firfl
dainties
of
'^
th(?
;;
(
lift.
9'
I
know
not whence
it fignifies
word jtrked
is
derived, but
is
very
fine flavour.
The
tafte is a fenfe
more
habits
peculiarly dependent
upon
focial
we
foon
learn to
and to
cat
and
The
fur-
want of a
prifrng
refined palate
would not be
among
but
it
would be
them
from
when we
recollect
know
nothing
of the former
and
that
one might
as well expert a
Lon-
don drayman
brown
white
ftout.
remember once
offering a
man
of wine
or rum,
having
the
time no brandy
drawn
92
")
he chofe the latter, with anfwer: " Oh! Sir, any thing that
drawn
this
bites
the throat."
'
The Maroons,
in
general,
fpeak, like
ifland,
African words
cannot be of opinion,
introduce Chriftianity
have
dice
failed.
It
that
preju-
in
favour
prevailed
among them,
it
among
other
negroes; but
is
no
influence of this
prejudice
operated dif-
The
greateft
;
dupes to
it
and
it
ll'll
was
not but
'a'li
that
-
Maroons
or
HP
(93
or others, dreaded the
after baptifm.
arts
of Obeah evn
this eftimate
Minds forming
it
no attempts
among
I
mean
when
come
and
fhall
ftition
of Obeah
would have
vanifhed
no other power
is
likely to
eradicate
it.
The Maroons
Accompong was
the
all
God
facrifices to
him,
It is
illiterate
whom
ambition
and
traverfing
Hi 419
94
traverfing the
it:
'
woods
in
purfuit of run-
'[ 'A
There was
;
no
public revenue to
manage
no army
to
right
to
be under*-
The town
families
confifted of a certain
number of
and among
and four
them
other
refided
fuperintendant
as
white men,
appointed by the
colonial legiflature.
m
i>,
made
for
them
own
whom
and
whom
argument.
The
Superintendant, likewifc,
alter-
cations,
95
cations,
wliich
chiefly
arofe
from
their
fums of money
and from
..%
We
whom,
the
power of
Governor,
appointment returned to
the
The
be
filled
up
as vacancies occurred,
and the
fucceflbrs of
own.
the
who
built
it
New Town,
and went to
refide in
a very defpotic
manner by
their
chiefs
laft
older captains.
The
Ma-
whom
x
I (hall
The
fided
in
maintaining
friendly corre-
fpondcnce
96
ijpotidence
parties out
on duty.
to
By
a
his office
he was
four
empowered
Maroons,
U
hold
court with
to try thofe
who
difobeyed or-
leave,
or ftaid
and to award
life,
limb,
to re-
He
was bound
in
his
he was
months he was
to
to
make
a return, on
the
how many were able to bear arms, how many unfit for duty, the number of women and children, their
refiding in his town, increafe or decreafe, the condition of the
the roads.
On
failure
"I
courtmartial.
(97
niartiai,
)]
There
and
liable
to be bnoke. in each
Was a Superintendant
town, having
'ALi}:j
"
Marun-
aways,
trials,
in a
run-away
alive,
on other
or on the continent
a concourfe of flaves
of America*
in their
Though
might have dances among themfelves whenever they pleafedi and, provided the dance
They were
I.
Vol.
without
'ip?!f?i
f
Without leav6; and,
98
if
they
ftaid feveii
day$
home
for
They were
No
party in pur-
of run-aways was to
confift
of more
except
officers,
on
particular occafions
or to go without
No Maroons
;
were to
0|r
a fiimmary way^
Their
other ill-treatment.
id
town once
Marooub, and
refiding; in
an/
other
{
fcther part
99
people.
bound
To fome
tion
little
attenflavea
was
paid.
them were
ifland,
on
Whole
on by
them
left their
towns,
to eftablifii themfelve^
from
fhall
which confequences
which we
From
the neit
is
evident that
was
rf
diftin^
community, which
it
has
Ha
been
'00
room, their
their increafe.
limits
becoming unequal to
their extermina-
Whether
tion, as a diftindt
beneficial,
is
highly problematical.
The
war of
tt:>rm
795 would not have taken place but who can fay what other communities
1
of the
the
flaves
of
fugitives
in the
woody and
the country,
quent fcowering of
woods
in
by the
have
difficult
Maroons
connexion
* Edwarils.
^general.
lOI
general.
It
is
very well
known,
that
where
they had raifed huts, and made provifiongrounds, on which fome had lived for up-
Congo Settlement, was difcovered in the late war by a party 9f Maroons croffing the country, and was difperfed, fome of
the
negroes returning to
the
eftates
to
Maroons
at
the terJ
Befides
preventing aflembiages of
they had
fuppreffion of rebellions
in
which
it
was
affirmed
by one of
their Superintendants *,
Major Jamei.
H3
more,
102
mined
fpirit againft
the infurgents
and
ii^
loft feveral
of
their people.
lefs
were no
adive, as
by
of
a gentleman
who was
an eye-witnefs
their fervice*,
mantees,
who had
of Weftmorcland, maflacring
mi\{i
the white
fhort engage;
ment took
and
whom
trees,
much
larger than
were unable
fall
to
purfue
in with a
body
who
They were
'm,P^
* Mr.
and to
whom
country,
^w
>o3
in
out againil
had
alacrity,
killed
and
took
number of
reft,
whom
few days
The conduft of
Maroons was highly applauded by the Commander* of the little party, and he
his followers received the thanks
^4
of
On
flighter occa-
when
and
it
is
but
common juftice
W^
neceflary.
They
* Mr. Goodin.
H4
purpofe
1;
I"
:'!
^-
II
XO4
purpofe of
aflifting to repel
the invafion oi
1
Pomingo
frc-^
Prejudice
it
does fo:
more
fads,
as
or
the
true
the
ftories
tribes
prompt
in
on public occafions
'
Agriculture
very fimple
They
placed
pn
I
but
v/^' :-:-,,
yt
'
^hey
llj
^os
demands, as they
Many
of them
certain
modes
which
but
ftimulate
fuperfluous infaid
dudry
none could be
lives
to
be
indolent,
for their
were pafled in
as
and fymmetry.
they began to
provident difpolition,
itfelf
among them
of
by money, and
their
own
them-
and new
fettlers, to
clear
certain
wages*; and
I
feveral
families
of
them, as
fettled
whh
free negroes
a fmall
but
let it
be
tlie
v3
by
'f
(
t<ii^l
i6
by
fufferance
r"
for their
as
to
own
ufe,
but fo fuper-
abundant
enable
them to fupply
Plantain,
the
neighbouring fettlements.
and in
fhort
all
were
cultivated in
for
though
was unfavourable,
yet
or clayey,
fruit-trees,
among which
Mammces,
fruits,
were
their hedges.
They
bred
cattle
and hogs,
and
v'i
raifed
-
When
.
ca
JO?
the
luxuries
boar,
ring-tail pigeons,
birds,
and
the
the
land-crab,
greateft dainty
Weft
Indies,
we
may
at
Rome.
It
has been
Maroons
let
go to ruin, and
trefpaffed
fettlers in
on
the
mountains.
4m
;
was otherwife
were often
employed
Maroons.
in
different
labour,
and that
Their grounds,
after the
corn
while
io8
Thefe
at
were
their
fureft
fupport
the
period
when
In the courfe of
it is
no
fhould
and
:"
to declare,
"
that
I
but
afTert-
Maroons
fupplied them-
by purchafe
Town.
,.
^..The
women
chiefly
were employed in
;
but this
them
Aem
that
ftate
We
is cruelty,
or even hard--
ihip, in
among whom
upon
his
own
that in
mankind doomed
tribes,
to labour,
we
Is it
(hall
not find
the
women
If
in
of
which
toon
!r
participate the
?
toils
of the
?
France
Is it
England
trees
men,
befides hunt-
merce.
chanics,
their
knowledge of
that kind
was confined
to the art
of creding a houfe,
,
,'.
Their
traffic
kinds,
.^'
C
their j irked hog,
ilons,
"o
money
by.
They made
a confiderable profit
by manu^
the leaf of
fa^luring tobacco.
They bought
men and
children aflifted
them in carrying
home, each loaded with a weight proportioned to the flrength of the carrier.
The
made by
tree
->'!.
i.VS
went round
which
refted
by the
mm
Ik
men, who
twifted
them
into
a kind of
up
in balls,
and
dif-*
The Maroon
,
-
marriages, or contrads of
no
rcli*
giou
(
giotifi
I"
)
;
or juridical ceremonies
the confent
of the
woman
and
man
being
fufficient.
gifts
of
clothes
were
made
to the
from the
relations
of the woman,
to
whom,
were
to be returned.
plurality of wives
as
was
as
allowed.
many
he could
maintain;
mod
It
;
of them confined
themfelves to one.
to have feveral wives
on
making a
prefent to one,
was obliged to
make an
two
Each wife
cultivated
hufband
days, during
their grounds,
was
diftindt
from
The
children
of the different
women were
to be noticed
by
.
their
refpe^^ivo
Hi
refpeftive
A breach of this
in-
con-
others
all
was a matter of
man men
effect
wives or children,
it
of intoxication.
It
" that
many beafts
at
of burden, and
felt
no more concern
the
lofs
would have
may
the
Maroons
in
to Chriflianity,
which
will
appear
its
proper place,
polygamy was
Maroon
* Edwards.
more
^'
"3
wife.
Having been
iittached
two
for
fome
tinle,
hf both"
he, " top
lilly
bit yoii
fay
file ftius
fdtfake
fo?
Gar
a'tfiighty
fay fo?
he no
Somebody no wicked
!
him
wife
No, maffa,
dis
her^
no do for
:
we." Ih
me
?
?
6ther lahguag6i
thus
little.
You
my
fo
?
wife,"
tell
that I
muft foffake
which
(hall that
fo
God
is
He who
forfakes his
This
*.
is
dodrine,
* No
Sir,
not fuited to us
common
reader of
when
come
to that hesu, to
firft
mew
that the
work may be
beft attempted
Vol.
I.
How-
irt'
(
I'f^.*''
"4
However,
thefe people
were certainly
civilization,
la a ftate far
removed from
that
and
do not doubt
their
paflions
infligated
:
them
to
their
by
cannot but
proof.
The
who,
fo far
from thinking
it
prudent to
infl^^tly
fpeak particularly of
and
whofe
character,
we
.
prefently fee,
dence.
'
. .
>r'l
-/
Inftances
among
the Maroons.
.a'Mi
'^.
'
'r
..'
'!
* Edwarda.
..JS
.(
infiifling
"5
In Africa,
the
men had the power of felling adultrefs. The younger females were
the
generally votrefles of Diana.
not
When
a girl
was of an age
killed a
to
become a
which
the
Plenty of
by the
elders,
people danced..
fmall piece of
money
in the girl's
mouth,
but the
was frequently
feaft
gold.
Al-
though
this
young men
for
making an
offer,
fome years
that Jbe
had
'
killed hog.
-^"A
.-,
.
'
'
.
.
',.
'
\
.
The
vifitors
I
(
Ni|.%|
ii6
to
articles
to at home.
Some
of the principal
men
furniflied a table
Several fmall
articles
were ufed.
Some-
were
at dinner,
the Captain, or
if
him by
a gentleman whofe
:
name he
ruffled
had aiTumed *
fhirt, linen
with
this
he wore a
and a
laced hat*
He
did
at
the table
feat at
a refpe^tful
* The Maroon names would appear extraordinaiy to a reader ignorant of the Maroon cuftom of adopting the
namei of the gentlemen of the
pradiCed amonjf them*
ifland*
It
was
ttm^erfally
diflancc>
"7
The
dlilance,
and
converfed
occafionally
on
being addrefled.
There was
nets,
occaiion
for
mufquito
the
venomous gnats
the lowlands.
them
for light.
They
are accufed of a
fad
and
is,
that
if
ever
their
more
ci ilizcd
vifitors
crime
Would
not fuch an
ad
of wanton
upon them,
who were
when men
confidered fo
?
much
thus
But
is,
that
are intent
on
beyond
their objed,
1
for
ii8
Wi
for the fide they maintain.
Let
me
is
not
commit
logift
am
as
of
body of people;
to be
regretted that
among them,
among
other
negroes, the
in
offering
fcruples
men
in
own
complexion,
their
favours,
former in a
fplendour.
ftate
Would
could
fay
that the
m
I
which
thefe
black
were confined
to
to their
complexion
that
in
Would
fet
God
who
could fay,
religion
example was
by
thofe
title
boaft a fair
of Chriftians
The
funerals
of
the
Maroons
were
much
Deaths were
them than
''^''
had recourfe
Not
that
t
that they
119
to
)
it ;
were averle
for, if
an op-
women.
It
was
their
cuftom to
wooden
coffin,
they interred
clofure,
it
in
fome part of
their inJ
.
:.
I I
;.0-
was
me
to do, to enable
you to
have
your mind
I
this letter,
of Trelawney
rebellion
I
Town
The
that body, of
whofe
mean
to give
in
my
next.
difference
inhabitants of the
various
towns
is
not
very great.
eaflern
I20
more
Trelawney Town, being only a part of them -v^rho Lac} followed Accompong, the
brother of Cudjoe,
called after him.
i^
On
it
the
they condemned
it
feverely,
and
manifefted their
difpleafure at
by re-
them.
In clofing
that
this Letter,
let
me
obferve,
the population
of the Maroons in
The
years
;
num-t
1738
to
600
in
177Q
women and
they were
incr^afipd
in
the
year
1773
-^
IC28
IP abovt 1400,
121
LETTER
Caufcs ofthe
fcription
V,
Maroon IVar.
and
Char.iSfer of
Old
Superfeded by
Infuhordina*
the
placed on
Lord Balcarres,^'^
Crafkell driven
metit
Hand of a
Slave
The FuniJb^
go up
Infolent
theMagiJ}ratesofSt,James*s*
Town.
Towu.
Opinions
Smith's Meffnge,
Mediators
The
to
the
Refult
of
refpeHing
an
immediate
Jiccomnutdation.^
and Regulars
recalled,
The
Their
t
Militia difchargedf
Obfervations.
V
.
W
fo
E are
now
to enter
upon
that portion
much
interefted
in
converfation,
little
and
acquainted,
was much
talked of at the
man
,mm
(
122
refped the
relative
mothe
of his
publication
in
to
the
ifland
I
of
am
and
from
triift
that the
I (hall treat the occurrences of that period, will prove fufficiently interefting not only
to you,
my
friend, but
to
all
who may
form of a
take
thefe
Letters
up
in the
detail
not tedious.
Although wars be
with horror
J
neceffarily attended
yet
the
account of them
tion
is
the intercft
we
naturally take
parties,
in
the fate
of contending
courage,
in
the
efforts
of
and
in
Some may
negroes
be inclined to think a
Mdioon
officers
but
believe
that
the
who
1^3
)
will allow that
xvho ferved in
the events of
this
it,
campaign
and the
tadtics
oppofed
fill
Roman
pages of hiftory,
were
as
at leaft as
the
enormous armies
that,
time, extended
the other.
A fmall
body of negroes
defied
kept an extenfive
at
country in
alarm,
and were
length
than their
own mode
The
are
to
caufes of the
Maroon
infurrelion
objelv<>
be fought
in
events and
which
immediatety preceded
up arms.
its
That occurrence
I
will be dated in
of that un-
fortunate war,
lArlt
&it-
"4
the
I fay
unfortunate
iffue
of
it,
which,
it is
well
men
that fell
in
it
it^
to a
efta-
blifhed
the
country,
or defedive in
fervices to the
civilization,
had rendered
colonifts, to
whom
of years.
Little
fpirit
attention
to the
of the treaties
made on
the furrender
fuifered to indulge
any
Opportunities were
with
25
fre-
children
on
of
fome of the
flavery.
own
but
little
was
for
to be
it is
apprehended on
will
this
account
fad which
appear incredible
to thofe
who
are unacquainted
with the
they rarely
felt
;
any fuch
defire in
favour
this,
of their children
the influence of
but notwithftanding
women
more
is
Maroon was
brother,
gitives,
He
concealment*
cafe in
it
fome
inftances,
and
wonderful that
did not
happen more
frc-
12
.hm4
(
126
frequently.
The general
animofity between
the Maroons and the flaves, refulting from the office of the former in apprehending
ithe
latter,
(an office
which
it
was
their
intereft to
is
and,
by uniting
in fafety.
of gain, to
them
;
as
their fuperiors,
it is,
or
whatever caufe
certain
that
however
as diflind: bodies
they
mod
determined foes.
It
was a
of
127
flaves,
whofe
fitua-
comfort and
happinefs
;
they
own
is
for
had the
no knowing to
what lengths
But
not Angular;
it
have as
many
them
are
and change
and there
which
left
been
keeper.
child,
life
with his
whom
in
its
to flavery, with as
much
>
indifference as
finer feelings
had pro-
had
gradually induced
it
which
>.
xo
of
128
dnd by enforcing a
fpirit
of the
treaties.
The
neceffity
of this
was
late
i
at length obferved,
have men-
were enaded
and
I fhall
more
me
ftate, that
eftablifhed
no difpute had
arifen
with
fur-
them
till
when, fome
of the adjoining patents, OT grants of crOlKrhlands, for the purpofe of determining the
by
treaty to
poiing an encroachment to be
their
territory,
made on
fur*
veyors.
no
whom
they
had confidence,
to
come and
fee juitice
done
129
-dpne to them.
diately
went
to them,
town
till
the matter
was
juftly
and
fatis-
fatorily fettled.
From
that period
no new
till
.As
* In April
7^74, a
and the Rangers, after fcouring the heights of Hellthe Parifh of St. Catherine, in fearch of run-aways,
in boats to fearch
fhire, in
embarked
Old Harbour.
what caufe
was
is
While
there, the
Maroons
impreffed, from
in agitation to carry
;
them
but perhaps
fail
inflamed by liquor
of mer-
chantmen lying
at the
in the
mod
groes,
who
who was
his mafter,
had anfwered
his
tell,
mafler^
pointing to Mr.
Thompfon, a
way
An
of Captain
Davy's, a captain of a
Mr. Thompfon
that the
Maroons were
In a ftruggle between
dowrn,
and on Davy's
flight,
and
to intimidate
fired
I.
the
gun over
his head.
Oa
this,
Sam
Grant,
Vol.
K.
a Chailct
130
As the chief immediate caufe of the Maroon rebellion hinged on the efteem and
a Charles
Town Maroon,
Sam Grant
in
fight of the
at this place,
and a
flew,
company of
him."
calling out
murder. Hop
when
Captain Townlliend, of a
whom
him
The
want
Maroon
gun
deli red
him
pafs, faying,
**
I don't
to hurt you."
refting
This being
his
upon
arm
bent, difcharged
and killed
Grant efcaptd to
Maroons
was declartd
trial.
guilty,
and
fent dov/n
to Spanifh
tlvat
It
Town
known
placing
to take his
It will fcarcely he
in
doubted
Grant
favour,
when
is
acrofs his
which
blew
off,
at this
Commander
at
Charles
Town.
affedion
'3'
Town
here
for
their
Superintend ant,
mull
make you acquainted with his charader. About the year 1763, the Governor of Jamaica, the Hon.
tleton, in
W. Henry
Lit-
confequence of a
warm recom-
to the treaty
with
prifmg enemy
the
many
as invulnerable
by
balls,
and
pofleffing
an
The
* In
year
1
766, a
prejudice
parifli
was
inanifelled in iefpe6l to
a gentleman of the
Sholto Douglas, a
S(;otland,
Jamaica, univerfally
a large parcel
He
had purchafed
of
flaves,
who,
in conjunlion
prevailed
upon to
rife
and
kill
the
n^
The
and no man,
the white people.
of talking fami-
compundlion
in joining in
an
was
alive,
countrymen
to death
;
prevailed,
fliortnefs
being
had imprefled
Oheah
flefh,
their
being a
ivh'tte
maity
nor axe^
It
was
him on
Spanifli
Town,
in a fliort
One
:
meet him
on
of
in tvring'mg offh'u
head
'^ad
his
flcfh.
They
town
adually proceeded to the fpot propofed, but fome providential occurrence detained
Mr. Douglas
in
till
he
home by
a dif-
from that
in
men engaged
iu it,
rebellion^
and
condemned*
fefled
'33
fefled fo great a
the
Maroons.
The high
opinion
they
entertained
of the father's
bravery and
whom
they beheld
all
they fo
admired in
their old
Superintendant.
As
more
calculated
and
adlivity.
precipices,
ii
He was
fuit to
and nothing
His con-
body hardened
When
the
dreadful
difputes
took
among
Maroons,
their cutlalTes
mifchief
134
enfue, he
mlfchief likely to
would run
among
down
them
into irons,
In thefe cafes
authority to mitigate.
rated,
They
loved, vene-
He
arranged and
fettled their
them upon
Had
and prejudices.
If he could
in
which
knowledge of accounts
if his talents
were not
had
were
Al-
cultivated, they
though
at
fciTea
135
fefled
temper,
in
the
company of
aflb-
gentlemen with
ciated,
whom
he frequently
pendent fortune.
Maroon Towns
him
in the
Trelawney
Town.
whom
ticularly,
after the
I
ceflion of Captains,
to the
death of Furry, as
they thought
it
commands.
Maat
and
length
136
Captain of Trelawney
Town, He wore
None
but their
except upon
firft
the ground.
He was
ate
the
helped
at
meals
no woman
with
men.
He
confidered in
no
to
-^lte
whom
the
fhadow of
title
was to be
pai<l, as
he bore the
of Chief.
For
Chiefs feemed transferred to their Superintendant, ^ajot John James, with double
it,
he retained
their
He
and his
by the Maroons
as
as
wras
not
by
He
for
had
Town
many
the
and,
it
is
certain,
executed
his
attention
that
was
called
from
by concerns
part of his
time.
When,
therefore, the
annexed
to his office,
engaged in the
mcnt of an
five
of twenty-
miles
At
who were
delighted
lented with
abl.tice,
and for
feveral
Houfe of
defire
Aflembly,
pref -ed
repeated
complaints
againft him.
He
,
certainly
had no
to
lofe
his
appointment;
but influenced
by prcfpeds of more
fubftantial advantage,
qr indulging in amufement^,
for
he was
no
m
{
138
no enemy to
perfifled
diflipation
and pleafurc, he
from his
in
abfenting
himfelf
Houfe of Aflembly
to
being
no longer able
overlook
his office
his
negledt, he
of
Town;
appointed.
-.
v'
officer
in the
of the
putable
ifland of Jamaica,
and a very
re-
the propriety of
by
charadler
no occafion
but,
an adminiftration of
fo
fmgular
a comparative Infigniiicance.
roons became uneafy
at the
The Ma;
meafures they
for their
had taken
againlt
Major James
refidcncc
'
139
refidence required
to
have
him
them while he
gret, the
remedy
that
of
Houfe of Affembly.
They
ment, the
Crafkell
;
and
as the
eftimation,
the latter
into contempt.
"What
offers
James
office
afcertained
but
it
humour
prejudices
laxity of
taken to redlify.
James was
and
fore at the
it
;
was
re-
but the
Had
recede
from the
determination
com-
HO
to
have
been
fuffered
to
remain Superin-
tendant-General,
as
it
but
it
that
his
immediate
can
the
wifeft
human
evils
forefight
always
of futurity*
From
kell, the
:'^
and
the
fucceflion
tains,
his
afliftance,
The weight
of feven or
of iafluence
ei'^ht
into the
hands
who wero
and
unalterabi'
whom
nothing
fliort
of his re-appoint-
ment
would
fativsfy.
Thcfe
frequently
vifited
Vifited
language,
irritate,
it
is
faid,
contributed
more
He
might,
have
felt
an
illaudable
gratification
confequences of which he did not forfee but he muft be entirely acquitted of the
ilighteft defign
of promoting a rebellion,
it
been
pofTible,
The
fole
now
in
The whole
tendency,
effedt
It.
their violence
and
This
their anxiety
to
their
murmurs
from
for the
their
white people
and
this
it
was
new
Superintcndant.
In
(
.
'42
In the
carres,
Adam
Williamfon
nobleman,
talents
in
whom
and
military
afforded
fecurity
of the future
Domingo
it
was of the
thole
of Great
His
Lordftiip
happy, had
his talents
from external
dawn of
his adminiftration
internal
com-
143
commotion
July, the
middle of
Maroons drove
their Superinfirft
Pi^Qii
i!
,%A^^
Captain
Crafkell,
compelled to
retire,
a place,
as
we have
feen,
at
the
diftance of a mile
lawney
Town
the 17th,
men,
with
to
warn
him.
him
to
acquaint
the
the
come
to
come
to the whites.
On
the
8th,
the Magiftrates
of the
Lord
difturbance
* Votes of
pendix, No.
:i.
was
the
likely to
iV
1-''
't
'
;/
diately
#-
tu
diately
among
the
Maroons ;
that they
had
on them,
men
into the
woods
figned to
who
was the
on
that the
Maroons expedted
of
;
be joined
by
thofe
Accompong
and that
at-
flaves
by two
parties in the
Trelawney and
information,
St. James's.
In
giving this
the
Magiftrates
The whole
caufe of the
Maroon
revolt
the
HS
)
It
them of
mony.
guilty of thei
ilaves
in the
cwiflinon workhoufe,
by a
As
and
the culprits
plantations
laughed
:
at,
hiffed,
flaves
the
more
* In
i*ubjel, in
t
the
Houfe of Com-
**
this
in the
Town
of Montego Bay,
by
his pigs,
were tried ac
thei?:
and fentenced to
receive a
few
The
fentence
Town
Maroons, ia
proceeded to
Pari, Dehtet,
_\.VOL. L
dif-
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
lii|21
1.0
125
mm
iM
iWU
m22
12.0
I.I
llil.25
-^
FhotographJc
33
^V^ V <^^
<^^>
ScMioes
QffporatiQn
WIMTM,N.V. I4IM
^
c^
146
Maroons
feized
upon the
traniation as a reafonablc
ground
in,
CrafkelU
The
intelligence given to
the
Lieutenant-Governor
refpeding
the
the preparatory
by thofe of TrelawneyTown,
refult
Accompongs ever
teflify
any inten-
in the fequel.
Accompongs,
them the
original treaty
time
it
was again
fent for, to be
if neceflary,
;^
On
147
to the
Maroons, prd-
pofing that four of their jufticesfhould meet four chofen Maroons on the next day to fettle
all
differences *.
To this
an infolent anfwer
was returned
country but
fee
in the following
words "
:
The
the
elfe
from
and they
at
defires not to
all.
Mr.
Crafkell
up here
So they
above
moment
for the
on Monday."
and in a poO:will
fee
an anfwer*
They
and
Monday
nine o'clock;
if
down
it
This curious
epiftle,
was
known,
vr<(s
dictated
to a poor
man without the concurrence of old Mqntague, who was then Tick and abfent; nor was it known to one-^tenth
part of the people: and I
,'
mud
not omit
VottiofAcHoufcof Aflembly.
:
La
to
hS
men
anioitg tfe
voliift^
deckiihg
hoftilities
on k pHn*
was
(deter-
mined.
fpitit
While
therefore
and compelling
that
it
hiiti
to write to his
late to
comminder,
was too
do any
ball^
the
Trelawney
a peon
to the
diftanty
militia
moved
t*"
*o Grecn-Vale>
at the foot
miles
mod
diificult accefs.
M^
As they approached
I
the
hiH,
they obferved
f(
H9
fG^ed A
clivlti^s
fingle
man wining
(how
that
along
t)ie ftC^
with aflonifhing
agility,
and braa-
difhing a lance to
jirpis.
he had no other
that
wa^
;tbe fide
He
which he was
The invitation
mif-
who
i^*
ibqr apcoinpaniefli
Jam^s,
it
who had
by the
preyioufly
letter
gone to Trelawney
Town
and
appears
jms by
^^^f,
'
.^
,j
fcOxii'v
I*
found
ISO
Major James,
'^^-The
iHfe
iii
the
manner of ck
fero^little
fuited to a deliberate
and free
fcene
diicuffiofi';
nor indeed
could
the
be viewed
the
Some of
on great occafions,
with
wi^
a fufficiency of rum,
which they
rcw
After
much
clamour,
it
one of
their captains,
named John
by no means
manner
to
mo-
and
as to
>(yriie
l;letn;;a
down what
the
Maroons
'JI
wifhrd to
fay.
^ ^
I.
An
the magiilrates of
Montego Bay,
in caufing
on fome of
'
their people
by the hand of a
-t
.<.*wi
(lave. Ji,^U!^*n:
;:j'//
^
'^^C^l
Y^^4,
2.
originally granted
them
and
they
was worn
out,
being not
fettlers in the
neigh-
bourhood would
3.
fuit
them.
"^
That Captain
intendant, was,
on account of
;
and
had
of
abilities
defirous of his
^
>\
.4
*">t
i^HW lou-on:}':'
L4
Other
'5*
were
Other
fhatters
alfo alleged
by thtia
as grievances^
what
was
fpecified
month:
at
objei: till
thefe claims
were
that
into
by the
in
order to bQ
redrefled.
The Maroon
on the
inability
infufficiency
of
exclaimed
Fathers),
^*
You
we your
from
children
we have
t3fliu
we
derive
when we
do
ii
^53
thefe ad-^
whom
we
He
concluded
by rdating
the negro
Wftft
who
flave
whom
The
taken
tip
punifhment.
of courfe, fays
ufe of fuch
one of the
planters
f , made
*
an
Maroons.
.,...>
The Maroons
triifes
caufed
by
the
mode bf
of the
or with a
J
Id,
VotesofthcHoufeof Affembly.
J
y
-
fid.
-Vi
View
'{
'm
infuring
ricw of
farther
it
the
fatisfacS^ion
that appeared,
entered the
mind of one
whom
they had
come
to mediate,
and
Colonel Gallimore.
He
faw in
fuccefs,
turbulence
therefore,
inftead
of
he
bullets,
is
" This
the reward
(hall
you
deferve,
Trelawney
Town, hoping
time, at leaft,
^^j; -rf .Sr'hi::;
tranquillized the
Maroons,
/^
However
not fo
fatisfied
vifit,
where
a diverfity of opinion arofe rcfpeding the coudud to be purfued towards the Maroons.
St. Jaiihie^'sj
wrote a
letter
to the Lieu-
tenant- Governor,
recommending, in the
afTembled
name of a meeting
(ion,
on the occa-
and,
in ^ fecond
letter,
great proprietors,
parilh
of Tre-
Trekwney Town
fleet
as
Mediator,
fail
had
joined the
aJfo
about to
for urope,
efcing in the
reafonable.
as they
were
letter
written the
day
before he
was confident
that
he
he believed
Crafkell,
from what he
,
under**
of the Maroons,
find that
nothii^
latisf^
lefs
than
his re-appoinlment
would
them^*
Soon
of tb Ci^ftos
eftates
.for
that
Maroon
affairs af-
llaves,
which, in his
all,
appeared
the
hi-
the
other
.bodies
of Maroons^
thofe
deOgn of fupporting
tiarj-,
On
miofl:
the con-
who were
the
fufpe^ed,
their
ithe
Accompongs, publicly
tefUfied
^<lifappiobation
whom
thev
'57
they
lovecf,
refolved- to follow*.
They immediately
their compadi;
all
the
Some of
the planta-
time
preferring
complaints
againil
at firft
(itua-*
was
general
juftified,
condud of
for
could be
never was a
of order
Even Edwards,
"Happily the
Who
whom
nor
.u
planters
>J8
on the
influence of the
one of them *
What
check, have
we
fo
eflfedual
this as a
as
the
Maroons?" and
fettling
mentions
motive for
with
them without
recommending
rebellion of
1
hoftility; at the
fame time
of one month,
rv.-r--h,
;
j,
1,:t
^^^j
U] t'.V^
5^1 'a
r>
l''">
Finding
that, far
Town Maroons
had
leifure
cgndudl:,
lefs
and
after
in-
tradabie difpofition.
On
at
infprmation was
received
from a white
man who
be
had been
they would
if
Grafkell
was removed,
they
{
they were
that
left
159
) It
alone*.
appeared clearly
the
themfelves
that
the
milder
and
more
numerous
part
fmaller and
more
was
who were
the
younger.
It
were now
an
who
them
by the
One
for
an
impertinent
expreffion,
and the
body of Maroons
rather
offered to facrifice
their
him
:
than
aggravate
offence
it
wa8
alfo
determined
among them,
officers
that CiK
of their principal
fhould go the
a pafTport
to
Spaailh
Town,
lay
their
complaints
'
|n*v*ri
before
i6o
before the Governor, and fubmit thetn ^^^^ ^mowui vni mii ielves to him.
'
.
v"
,
.^t.f^jk^k
,..!
-*.
^1*
-Xj^Tf
fcr-^ t
rv*
^4
'
Thus
affairs
feemed to be in a train of
was
Lord
Balcarres of
it
that,
on the
militia
reprefentation re-
Town, and
foot,
fufFered the
83d regiment of
tained,
for
St.
Domingo under
convoy of the
Succe/s frigate.
He
that
alfo
to Spanifh
the
Town by
of July to
make
their fubmiflion.
In confequence of
late
Captains of the
for
influence
fet
out
Spanifh
Town.
Having
i6i
to a fair profpedl
this Letter
conclude
on the motives
tion with
that
accommoda-
them
as fpeedily as poflible.
The punilhment
was
certainly
no
which
Whether
the
mode
of
it
be jufti-
another queftion.
The Maroons
were
free
They
driver, a
hired
The mode,
fome
of the Maroons to
>g
upon, but
it
was
not
Vol.
I.
162
)
itfelf
have
for,
aU
at
fome ex-
by which the
flaves
vented their
vvrhere
known by
The conduct
lefs juftified
ftill
before,
on a
fimilar complaint,
had caufed
and
to
be adequate
i63
Befides, they
were adually
fettlers,
tref-
pafTers
on the adjoining
who
per-
mitted them
to continue
on fufferance;
The
that this
demand of
additional land,
was
which they
falling,
now
The
even
and
real
caufe
will
j unification.
The
able
it
Government
to
might
their prejudices
accomplifh their
man
would, for
life,
It
was an
unwarrantable
hope,
fpringing
from unregulated
paffions.
Ma
It
<
"64
-r
It is
Town, that
criminals
that
they
their
that
urged in a
very
unreafonable
The
great
clearly manifefted,
was
of other
It
to the
Maroons.
was the
refult
of ap-
might be
Nor can
tion
it
be wondered
at, that
a pacificafind
was
that
no
on the
inftant
collect the
militia,
was an uncertainty
in the
minds
co-operation of the
that
other
the nature of
:i
and,
i65
that
and,
above
all,
fuch
difturbance
would
among
the monied
men
in
Great Britain*.
No.
2. for
.'
.
"
S.
t>,V!>
i:
"^*"*ft'*.
A
.%'i
\v
l".
Vt ^i
-t't
*i
A
,
T,
'V
.'w
k'^^
f>
-r?.
,^
-i??^
'>!
*.V.
.*
->
^A
'
.
^i
.*
'''
i-tlJii*
'Pi]#
'
'
'
'
'
"
"
V
t
(
1
^66
i^^dy
%.
i'^:.i
^lh_
.uvc-:mi
-.ihi'ii
*
",-'*
' LETTER
"
''
VI.
!l
Sn&^
ing Reports.
Alarm*
Captains
^-The
Lord
arreJieJ.
Proclamation.
The Maroon
Pojl at
his
Balcarres
Vaughan^s Field.
eftablifbes
at
^tate
and Smith
called in.
Their
of the Maroons.
Settlements burnt.
Johnfon
the
Sw/*-
Tljeir Reception,
fent back
to
burnt.
the
Force colleHed.
Commencement of
Colonel
Ferment of
Gallimore
Trelawney Town.
Pub-
Hofiilities,
Old
Town.
Confequence.
killed.
The Maroons
War. Dunbar^
the
Pojfejfton
Accompongyfhot.
go in Purfuit
Pngrefs
of
take
the
offer to
rejeBed,
James
leads
a Party
is
to
Defile. He
infulted by Mijlake.
In
the
the end
of July
all
16;
their
captains
by the
31ft
of the fame
month
to Spanifh
it
Town,
to
make
their
fubmiffion *. This
who
but the
Maroon
captains
came down
on
as
their
way
to the Capital.
public
by
Domingo, by an appre-
by a
cur-
country
at
fo
alarming a jundure.
the
It
Commander
in Chief
was
alfo
aduated
by
and
thefe motives;
fufficiently
fubflantial
excite
vigilance
ac-
decifion.
council of
war was
that
Frenclnnen
and
people
of
M4
colour
si^>.>
i68
troops ready to
fail
for St.
Domingo, and
Lord 5alcarres
in opinion
was
law
,,.
{i-'_
*
'i
f
.
iv
V.
'
-<
V
1
w^as a
not
to
be contravened
but
it
of the
knew nothing
ports from
tw
fide
by
re-
South
fide
knew nothing
been
the
and, whatever
might have
revolutionary
intentions
of the
French,
and no
one will
does not
their
propofed
of their
fubmiflion,
infincerity.
a
all
fufpicion
Indeed,
their
'
offences,
'
'
not
.
only
related
to
paft
matter.
i69
till
fome weekft
the like
may
be obferved of
the evidence
of the French.
They
different
preilions ufed,
their being
thrown into
^The
Maj-
knew nothing of
St.
the intended
embarkation for
A
;
negleded,
half wild
body of
people
of their paflions.
When
cool, they
would
;
grow enraged
at the fight
of Crafkell
and
M
them
.*.
^7<>
of
They had
it
ignorantly
was necef
iary to
make them
felt
it,
feel their
it
dependence
politic to
they had
and
became
make
i
thein
eafy and
happy
in that de*
Pftndence.
The
chief motives
by whicl^
muft
the. Council of
War were
influenced,
of a general infurredion
among
aii
Revolution,
fuf-*
I'll
* One MurenfoQy
French agent
raife
as poflible, to
be feiU to Jamaica to
vrge the
^prdinglyr
flaves to inlTurredlion,
:
had
French
to the
Maroon Town
that one f
faid
Maroon negroes
him that
dt.
tance
,1-
'
.71
Qn thefe grounds
;
left
Town
command
break out.
of the troop?
was expedled
to
Previous,
an exprefs-boat
after
and
The
end of the
ifland,
day
that
Lord
Balcarres
Spanifh
Town, command of
iap-
'
two
muflcets
among
when
.
in Its height.
He
afterwards contra*^^
difted
faying he had
made
it
it
liberated
and
in
the end
fifty
2.
While
i7i
Maroon
Getheir
were proceeding on
'way to Spanifti
miflion.
iili
Town,
to
make
at
their fub-
On
their
arrival
Landovery,
Ann's Bay,
at
an equal
from Trelawney
Town,
way through
St.
Ann's, on the
into irons.
his
fifth
of Auguft, ordered
Balcarres then con-
I'r,
them
Lord
tinued
route
through
Falmouth
to
in-?
them
town
them
that
were
all
^73
commanded every
that day,
Maroon
before
him
Montego Bay on
enjoining and
commanding them
all
at
the
fame time
to bring in
Dragoons,
who had
Wemyfs
tain,
moun-
Maroon
number
that
Town,
To
this party a
of the
to furrendcr.
The Commander
blifhed
'74
which was,
ordered the
as I
have already
faid,
a mile
to
Kenfington, three
a^rd
pro-
to the
convoys of provi-
-.':
adivity, and celerity of
The
iheie
decifion,
and
had the
Bay,
fix
Captains * arretted at
St.
Ann's
who
them.
thought
and a
refort to the
mod efTedual
means of complete
They were
fucccfs
Lord Balcarres
of
greatcll
being
175
birth*.
temporizing as
time,
confequenceSi
of
fpirit
Lord
Balcarres
muft
have
been
ertirely
unacquainted
was
therefore natural
two or
Maroona
of from twelve to
troops then at his
fcveral
fifteen
hundred, regular
command, fupported by
of
militia,
thoufands
called
into
divided,
and
fubnilf-
n
(
176
fubmiffion,
which was
oppofed
by the
irritable.
Thefe urged
and
them.
ill
thofe captains
ferved over
alfo
had
left
confidence of
It
was
and attempted
their
to inftigate
them
'"
to join
people:
the attempt,
f*i
fuccefsful *.
On
their
the
firft
Maroons of
Captains
Ann's Bay,
to
they
difpatched
intelligence
the
outlying
Maroons, and
particularly to Captain
John-
'-
fon>
^tfc
177
Ton, a
man
of
had heen
themof
felves
in the parifh
eftates
Weftmoreland,
in the
ments.
It
is
'evident,
many
other
Maroons
refiding
in
Weftmoreland
who
at
A circum-
fmce
even
numbers of the
it.
As
a farther corroboration of
this,
we
fhall
that
Vol.
I.
was
^f-
*t
f
178
to
them by the
planta**
we
run-aways
who
Ma-
proudly for
tages,
many months,
gained advan-
and feemed
to triumph.
However,
when Johnfon and Smith received intelligence from the Maroon town of what was
pafling,
it
is
certain
their
they were
in
living
peaceably on
'
fettlements
Wcftleaft,
fisi'ii
moreland
it is
to
been paid
the law,
by which
in
their
it
was
enabled, that
Maroons
enter
predica-
ment fhould
Will
into written
engage-
ments with
claim to the
Maroon
land,
which
cafe
they
as
This precaution
'3
In
the courfe of
fi:;
amount
in all
halving
f'
'^..^
-#
*.
179
now
town, and
fituation,
tains,
Gap-
removed
their
woand
men and
went up
Town
.
with their
^oung men,
and entert
prizing, fellows.
looked up to Johnfon
from encouraging
re-
meafures; and
them
where
to their fettle-
by a party of
the Weftmoreland
The door of
recoa-
.-'
>8
recbnciliatioti
feemed
ndw
to be fhtit againft
f&itiiiies
to
On
plantation-negroes
at
work
them
ofF with
thetti,
jpeople.
The
ilaves,
communicated thoe
*
trates in
Weftmoreland
another proof of
and
the Maroons.'
...
pacific meafttre refbtveJ
Meanwhile, the
Auguft,
able
*
On
the
nth of
their
the
morning,
thirty-feven *
Chief,
and furrendered
arms to Lord
Bjal-
Vaughan's
of the proclamation
men
on the con-
,*
Edwards
fays they
were
chiefly old
fhots.
'...... 2
of
^,
I,
f the
8th.
captains,
noli With thefe were two named James Palmer and Edmund
Parkinfon*.
On
furrendering themfelves
*--
dlfpofed,
in,
many were
coming
had
this trial
not
all,
They were
all,
old
Montague
finement
esrcepted,
bound with
their hands
exiftence
by
You
will not, I
am
fure, think
me
fats
oi Leonard
would
to
i
6
182
to mention them,
felf to
would be
to fubjed
my-
an imputation' of a
ferious nature,
no
lefs
denominates a
of omiffion*.
It
was
was however
refolved, that
fent. to prevail
upon
alfo,
mer and Parkinfon as mod worthy of confidence. They were accordingly difpatched
to
Trclawney
Town
and
retired,
next
of Scbaw
'V
Caftle.
Principles
Paley's
ch. 15.
By
would
dices of a fet of
torians
men, or indulge
their
own, the
beft hif-
and fink
/
,
of party writers.
(,"
/.
At
:*'
.*
>83
At
mind was
In a great ferment..
the North
fide,
Many
gentlemen on
^'
Maroons than
fide,
ignorant
Council of
War
Town
juftified
had de-
and hardly
by
cir-
The
knowledge
at the
to be
more
it
confulted; though,
fame time
made a
without
re-
quired.
From
how-
foon
extinguiihed
by
ter
Lord
The whole
iflanJ
was
now
plaiiurt
1to
('
184
1^
would
(land forward
of the country.
.m
Whatever
difference of
all
were
now
Preparations were
made
to fecure
the country
on
all
quarters.
Befides the
Lord
Balcarres,
fifty
there
of the 13th
of light
dragoons difmounted
who was
fent to
St.-
command
ment of
ment of
to
17th regi-
dragoons
under
Captaia
Bacon, and one hundred of the 626 regifoot under Colonel Hull, ordered
way
ill
crifis,
and,
on the
morn-
(
ing, a
>85
company of
free people
of colour,
commanded by Captain Hamilton, belong* ing to the St. Jameses militia, on their
march
to join
Lord
Balcarres,
were attackField.,
near
by the Maroons on
and
he joined the
Commander
two men
killed
and
fix
wouihded.
Oa
militia at Chatfworth,
Schaw
the
Caftle,
and a mile
of
fired
upon from
Hoftilities
above
them.
m
.
which muft
cm
fleded a
moment on
with which
I
'
but
whichf
A*
'
{
,:|iii;.ii
185
refult,
might appear to
Lord
Balcarres
now
refolved to lofe
no
time, and,
on
by
an
..:.,;:J;|
order,
at
on the
receipt of
it,
which would
lateft,
be
half
pad two or
three at
imme-
New Town,
m
I
l<
wheel to the right and occupy the proyi(ion-grounds, by which he would have the
front;
Colonel Sandford
by Mr. Robertfon
of Fort Bailing,
commanding
officer
who was
feat
profeffionally a
Mahis
of war.
With
if
If
'87
*,
ney
open
Town Maroon
to
Colonel Sandford
his
to
had managed
the
clear
way,
the
and to
paths
the
leading
Maroon
where
towns.
On
he had advanced
the
Schaw
Caftle,
New Town, He
re-
their- horns,
in every
way
mained
quiet,
when he
received
it is
He
alacrity,
acclivities
of the mountaia
particularly mentioned.
This l^aroon dcferves 'to be is Thomas, and he was a >va3 well known to Mr. Robcrtfon,
His name
employed
country.
in frequent
captain.
in the
His charaler
he had been
neighbourhood of
whom
expeditions
in
offered to proteft
him
ments to
IS
fcrve,
Captuiii
Thomas
He
llill.refides in
old habitation^
parifh.
with
*?v*
i88
iwith his
fome of the
of the
New Town,
and remained on
intention of the
Commander
remain
the
on
Town
Town,
as
na*
it
by Colonel Sandford,
cut off the
Maroons from
of their
for
taking
poffeflion
Guthrie's
to
the
South,
with
it
the
Be
on
that
his
.
as
may.
at
Colonel Sandford,
fcite
arrival
the
of the
New Town,
being
aiiiired
by
i89
<s
by the
officer
who
brought the
difpatcfi^
that there
to the right, as
biit
that
Town,
obferving that
and
for
his guide,
volunteers,
and
about
twenty
dif-
mounted volunteer
of the
defile,
it
troopers.
The
extent
fuffered the
head of
the bufhes.
At
was
length,
an unexpected
fired
from the
left
upon
:
to the other
all
prefTed forward,
own.
--*
**'
4t
*t
^90
)
it
meet.
and Sandford
fell,
clofe
by
is
Captain Robertfon.
Had
;
he efcaped,
it
of the Old
Town
an open elevated
Tered
fire
the event.
On
diforder enfued,
to
no one
dired or advife,and
fafety.
The
town
I
:l!
way from
the
ing up a fcattered
fire
all
The
the
A dragoqni
in
haodi
tf-
191
The
their
the dark,,
many
joy on efcaping by
noil'e
in the air;
and confufion
enfiied,
which fome
from a
ball
;
imagined proceeded
his Lordfhfp,
however, put
The
left
on the
town
rum, an application
before rendered
them
frantic
and defperatc.
Tlus he
through the
killed
defile,
he received a
ball
him on the
fpot,
had
it
in
it
The
witUu
lodged-
So
(
>|it;lli
192
So
iiiil
at leaft fixty
fefllon, lay in
of them, by their
a
ftate
own con*
from
day,
of
infenfibility
intoxication
IMIll||||
till
two
o'clock
next
afliftance
of the wonien,
re-
intoxicated
moved
mander
tion,
River,
within Guthrie's
Could the
Comin
town
fallen into
refift*
ance
is
not to
now
m
Mi>
11
confequences might be
*
It
is
to be obferved,
that
as Colonel
defile, a
detach-
ment of
join
''!'"|ll
militia, that
him
at
Schaw
had followed
fcite
of
the
, )., '.*%
r
the iJfew
to remain ;
193
diredled
all
night.
The
Old
Ipot being
Townj
theire
as
lefs
cleared,
fhows that
latter
was nothing
alfo
to
prevent the
from being
It is
much
by which
away
to
Head
the
fcite
of the Old
it,
Town,
after
they were
in poffeflion of
tained
diate
it
without
refiftance.
many who
Wounds, or through
left
fatigue, but
would have
be depended upon
the
The Commander
Vol.
I.
in
Chief
ill
iflued a pro-
confequences
of
194
and
ahhough fome of
his friends
were willing
it
id
were difcretionary,
known from
by
His
life
;
fault
was atoned
m4
for
and
if
we
reflet
that induced
him
ad from
his
fall
for, befides
had taken,
to
it
to take
it,
that
195
that the
ed to
was unfortunate*
In this difaftrous
regular troops,
there
affair,
fell
of the
befides
Colonel Sandford
and
was the
commander; and of
ing
this lofs,
Notwithftand-
mode
in
not a (ingle
man
of them
was
killed.
Numberlefs
to
cruelties
were
faid at the
time
but
proved erroneous.
Thofe
who were
fhot
remained
in
the places
where
nr
196
,)
where they
fled into the
fell,
and perifhed
m
lifl
of
flightly
wounded
immediate
ii
never feen
after.
The Maroons
could give
known
at
to
them,
lately
been
their
town
other
things of the
that
fell,
except
his
gun,
which
he
myft haye
As
his
found,
'III III
it is
''''
"iiilit
from
fatigue,
or lofs of blood, he
2
may
have
197
have expired,
like others, in
difficulty
fome
recefs
of being pe-
time
itfelf
may
never difcovcr.
;M^i^'
ji:
11,
Town
therefore refolved
only a
fmall party of
oiit,
men
for there
lefs
approaches
another by
New Town,
its
entrance
the
Old
Town; and
a third to the
The
to
body of Maroons,
their
therefore,
retired
women
manner,
as to
render
it
impregnable.
It
many
who
and
198
front
by an
Very
applied^i
brifkly.
proper language
when
it
can be
(ides
but here
mifplaced.
The
of
thisi
and can
any of the
it
gallant fellows
who
attempted
war
The
Wi'J
It
was refolved
as far as
ation
was
practicable,
and.
of a hundred
*
men
of the 62 d regiment
Cudjoe's war, anlCf
defile in
under
199
the
The
feveral
days in de-
of the Maroon
Town,
work
the
Maroons
Upon
by
their horns
from height to
The
different
made
the
woods re-echo,
fmile,
for they
knew
where
to obtain provifions,
at the wafte
of powder.
them
more daring. Johnfon and Smith had joined them with their families and the confidence
;
O4
former.
200
former, to whofe
command
they fubmitted
Lord
their
Balcarres, dill
conceivmg
it
to be
Maroons
to defend
attack
upon
it.
fmall field-piece
was
difficulty
advanced, under
provifion-grounds,
precipice than a
on an
more a
17th
hill,
New Town,
and 2pth
felves.
where
divifions of the
light
To
fFe6b this,
was neceflary
to
by
who,
way
to
meet
201
The
firft
day's attempt
was
by
be
eafily
imagined by thofe
who
It
have not
down
and
funfet.
A fecond
was
mounted
at the
New Town.
plate,
After the
it,
various
of linen and
of confiderable
value,
fo deftitute
of conveof the
many
gowns.
It
is
in
was
fo near
an order in
an olHccr
(landing
to
rf
2^2
Frafer's as foon as
it
was
heard.
Dunbar
and
declared he
that
was not
he would have
he was not
retreat,
made
fb (ituated as to
make an immediate
body
that
from the
large
at a halt
near Colonel
when he gave
the order.
This
Ma-
guard-^
o'clock
at
night
on
the
the
30th
of
buildings at a
from
Montego
'U
Bay.
for
the
at
the
New
by
Town, and
Coloiiel
Incledon
marching
203
In the afcent
intimidate the
was much
;
firing to
Maroons
but they,
we have
already feen,
divifions ar-
any oppofition or
fired
by
a dozen of
Maroons
ftanding
that overlooked
wounded.
the
On
remains
of Colonel
Sandford,
and
eighteen
buried.
other bodies,
In confequence of
movement,
advance the
I^ord Balcarres
was enabled
to
from Vaughan's
at
Guthrie's
Deand
,t
leaving behind only a fmall detachto guard the ilores, and the fick
.
ment
wounded,
'
,,
.-
The
of the Old
Town
8
papnth of September,
when Lord
Balcarres
not
204
as
he 6xpei:ed,
command
MontegO
and
fet
out for
on
fo
Angular a war.
The
thefe
body of Maroons
ftili
that
in confinement at
Montego Bay
it
his Lordihip
deemed
prudent to fhip on
board a
vefTel in the
mode
of fecuring them
oiFered
and extraordinary
for
rewards were
the
heads
of
men who
Maroons
which
They were
fuppofed to have
v^rith
aded contrary
to the defign
for
no fooner was
reported
who had
fent
fubmitted,
foners to
and
pri-
of his
own
fire
would
die rather
than
205
than furfender,
and
concurred.
M-ii
i;:'>.1v;
Soon
went up
a captain of the
Trelawney people
them
fecrct
to fubmit
track
by which he
;
fatal to
him
for the
Accompongs having
ment,
it
in-
He
was fhot
by Palmer, and
his
Government, a
fit
felcdl
party
for the
woods, and
of the
mountains,
often
accom-
^06
)
t
go
many
of
the
whom
toils
com-
Lord Bal-
with
with which
that
it
be exhibited
againft
bave him
choice,
He
and were,
fpedive corps.
To
perfifi in
fumption
but,
denial created
difguft
"'\
no
difguft,
and that
was
farther increafed
on the follow*
ing
!;
'U
i-
I**
#
(
ao?
ing occafion.
had
hearing no
it,
went into
with
Trelawney, and
himfelf)
offer
had
that quarter.
When
it
he wen^
'>n
fervicc
was immaterial
real
who
com-
mand was conceded to him* He led this party to the Maroon tracks, and told them the route the rebels would take. By fmelling the fmoke of their
fires,
he direded
who had
at the
not ftrength
fatiguing
march,
clofe
heels of a
" So far," faid he, pointing to the entrance, " you may purfue,
:
but no farther
e
It
No
Maroon
tUij.
eflabliOiment, has
With
the greateft
difficulty
':'
C difficulty t
208
have
penetrated
four
miles
farther,
fo far as that*
pradicable for
In
them can
ftep, as
afcend or defcend
with
my
me
ftep
by
pradifed by the
Malies
roons tbemfelvcs.
to the Eaftward,
One of
the ways
am
with you,
They now
fifty
it."
fee you,
and
you advance
convince you of
<-,
He
had hardly
fpoken,
his
call.
when
the
To
if
this
know
"
If
he
is,"
"
let
him go back, wc
as for the
if
do not wifh
reft
to hurt
him ; but
yoU
the
choofe."
V' .? ^ iii I V
209
by
fatigue
who
was
ill
now exdown on
up
to
From
his drefs
and
him
to get
James, after a
to
fliort reft
on
the fteps,
was afcending
him
that
it
was
An
who
guage
it
was
that
fome gentlemen
Although
interfered,
and
this occurrence
by fome fufpe^ted
I.
to have arifen
from
Vol.
apre-
I
f'Ci-lH"
2IO
)
officer, it
to
have been
man
ment.
On
in
ever held,
retired
he
health,
It is
not to be wondered
tried.
he was not
valuable qualities,
:-
:.
'>
II
LETTER
VII.
Plan of Operations. Command given to Colonel Pitch*"^ General Reid advances with the Militia to VaughansJield. -Parley
Maroon Pri"
^omlinfon,
Maroons.-^ Lieutenant
to Lee*s foji*
Colonel Fitch
and a Party go
^^The Party
ambttJIjed.'BriJfet
and
others killed.-^
Lord
Balcarres*s Speech.
The Houfe of
and
The former
La
Part of
Affembly recommend t9
all the
Lord
French befent
^.
Grant
to
to
Grant
the
taking
War.Gloom
Trelawney
cafl
of the
HE
vernor
Iv'^
which was
refolved
loft
was to confine
t%
(
:->''i:|-|
J2I2
fine
the
Maroons
in
circle,
and
vafl:
fell
form the
The
exe-
At
this
advanced
from Kenfington,
at Vaughans-field,
militia confided
of detachments of the
moreland,
James's, Weft-
and
Hanover
his
regiments,
to
own
perfbnal
With
this force
he made
feveral
pofts,
Maroon
and
to
alfb
farprife
their
foraging
parties.
He
their
main body
from
to their
own mode
of war.
the
Detachments
of th
of
militia
all
pariflies
and
lie
in
ambufh by the
=15
the
militia, confifting
in order
Maroons ; who,
if
they en*
to
fall
fail
The
left
on
ftead
and
ill
Town
but, being
by the Commanding
Officer there,
The
other ex-
by General Reid were rendered fruitlefs and diftreffing by violent and incelTant rains, which damaged the
powder.
to death,
The
militia
were
now
harafled
At length they
on the
became
few of
turned.
thofe
It
was
many
could bear
?i
Soon
214
Soon
after the
on Colonel
Fitch,
Maroons ufed to
him.
come, in bodies,
quarters,
and
call
He
invited
them
to a parley, afluring
them
that they
when
on
the
they pleafed
on which they
his fentries
;
re-
quefted
him
to
withdraw
and,
fome of them ^
came down.
Maroons
They
'*vere
ready to fubmit on a
all
of them
that
They
prefled
him
to take
the
them
would be
25
for that if
go and attack
that
it
Domingo, and
was
him with which of the king's enemies he fought. At laft they declared
immaterial to
that they
his
good
word, that
two
of their
men
to
go and
vifit their
friends
who had
Bay.
Montego
During
their abfence
many
of the
Mathe
fometimes to
to
number of
clinations.
vifitors
fixteen,
Colonel
Fitch's
At
the end of
returned,
bringing with
r4
few
2l6
few pounds of
ftrated
fait.
were to
their ob-
on
was
fo fmall as
it
he fuffered
to pafs.
old
This miflion, as
forefeen,
was attended
of Palmer
man
PrevioMS
to
employing the
working
parties of negroes
right to advance
fome
pofts
on the
outlets
or tracks
^^
by which
the
Maroons
fupplied
them-
217
trees,
intermixed
he determined to
clear
it.
Some hundreds of flaves were employed on this work under protedion of the two
flank companies of the
litia,
town
fent
The Maroons
thefe
and furprize
com;
panies, in
fuccefsful
for,
they
them
feven
fides
men
killed,
maflacred.
that
And
here
cannot but
ill
repeat;,
founded
with the
flaves.
Perhaps on a few
fetilement,
of the plantations
near their
(
i*t|i!"ljj
2l8
as far as thofe
e^'Jtended,
fhown
by
Many thouL
been
al-
lowed to ferve
whom
and vouched
decreafe
csk
for.
their
averfion.
other
(laves
by the
them-a pradice
for
which John-
fon's party
was remarkable.
Of the
flaves
that
number appeared
come from
;
few
they did
women,
forced away.
The am-
of the Weftmoreland
fell,
Among
the
^\
219
off,
bough of a
tree.
It
was imagined
owed
fpedacles,
by which he miffed
the route
Tomlinfon was
and his death
was much
regretted.
About a mile and a quarter to the fouthward of Colonel Fitch's pofition, there was
an advanced
fiirrounded
poll, confifting of
fome huts,
occupied
by
flight pallifadoes,
by
a
thirty
ferjeant,
privates,
two
corporals,
and
under
finding
Captain Lee
his
of the
83d,
who,
fituation
by no
means a
formed
fafc one,
as
it
was commanded
Maroons, inofficer
by heights
danger of
acceffible
to the
the
it.
commanding
of the
on the
out
220
of the militia,
Lieutenant
Captain
other
fevcral
among whom were two Accotnpong Maroon captains, whofe names were
perfons,
It
is
to be obierveH
Accom pongs had offered to ferve againft the Trelawney Maloons, and Colonel Walpole, who commanded in their diftridt, had fent fome of
them
to ihe feat of adion.
Previous to his
Town, Colonel
of the
artillery,
who
had arrived
at
Head
him
to fire
one of the
field-pieces
This was to
for
alfo
was ufed;
^nd
mention
it
to give
fome idea of a
windings and
'.
intricacies
221
mination.
being
fatlsfied
by Captain Lee,
to return to
re*
Vaughan
Head
field-
firft
fixed.
In the
mean time adding to thofe who had accom-* panied him Captain Lee and fixteen of his men, he moved forward with the doubte
intention
eflabliihing
annoyed.
As
mountains feemed to
was fought
in vain,
none prefented
captains, ob-
was
better to advance
no
farther, as
not
^22
not be far
ofF.
good
lately
inconteftible evidences*
Pifoofs fo
preflion
on Colonel Jackfon,
who imme-
to be unnecefTarily
rifked,
with Captain
of
it
favourable, he
diate information to
him of it.
neftnefs with
which Jackfon
in a point of duty
do you think
"
I (hould
him, he added
^'
Well ; go
with
(
.'*
223
is
with
Briflet
;
there
" back
."
**
*'
but
I (hall
no
eligible
Lee
" a
better."
propofed to Captain
Colonel Jackfon
BrifTet, that
Jleid
and Badnage,
They moved on
When
two
fmaller ones of
very abrupt defcent, Jackfon propofed taking the one, and Briflet preferred the other.
After a moment's hefitation, Briflet, turning
to the
*'
'
two Accompongs,
faid
haftily,
Come,
down about
puflied
five yards,
and Jackfon,
who had
de-
fcending
(
ill
224
when
tremeifi*^
The
foldiers
mechanically
made
for as
by
little
purpofe
On
the
fire
of the Maroons,
Briflet,
dead
among
the buflies.
and
fell
fell
dead
Jackfon
unhurt,
and
running back
on
whom
he found feated on
his hand*
trickling
down
from
^25
his waiftcoat,
and the
brown
rib
There
hung
name
to him.
"
It is
Jackfon,
" your
ing
Say*
this,
he drew from
it
his
fide
a fmall
up
to Colonel Fitch,
him
prevent
it,
No
one
who knew
Jackfon could
this
knew him
capable of
loc^i
;
it,
and
towards
but by
him
this
as if to fay
fomething kind
cocked one
,:
VOL.I.
CL
of
226
fire,
Colonel jacklie
down,
the
in proper time,
mifchlef.
On hear-
while Jackfon
at the
fame
inftant
was endeavouring
cover.
to pull
This he
refifted
men; but remaining in the fituation 1 have defcribed, he was too confpicuous a mark, and Jackfon's efforts to remove him from
it
j^ffj
;r!aob
and
w^ere Cap-^
beft
effedted 'his
.^
efcape,
227
aiter
tfcape, returning,
left at
Lee's poll,
firing,
who had
hearing the
died
The
lofs
on
this occafion
was eight
killed
No man was
ever
and
graceful.
his
mind,
and engaging.
Eafy and
affable in
his manners,
when
cers
from
his
own
flores.
It
was
his
cuftom
men,which
he occafionally
wards.
His
difpofition
enlivened
Maroon campaign his table was crowded by his friends, and, by method in his efla:
ij.fo^
.'
0^2
blifhment.
/
228
blilliment,
His
adivity in the
field
fell
company.
He
bloom of youth.
and
He
witching addrefs.
He
had
;
talents,
he was there:
and his
him
to his friends,
whom
On
the
his death
Aflembly met, and the Lieutenant-Governor, in his fpeech, told them, from docu-
to be laid
Maroons,
and
at
the
;
inftigation
of the
Convention of France
had been
fruftrated before
;
had ripened
into maturity
and in-
the advantage of
ading with
and
m
I ii.
'
j!i i*
vigour
229
them of
faftnefTes
body of
robbers.
few days
after the
meeting of the
and Murenfon,
fufpeded of confpiracy,
It
feems
to con-
them
for
the
Aflembly contented
Murenfon was
the declaration I
mentioned before
now
fabricated the
The Aflembly
to
farall
Governor
fend
* Letter Cth
and
fee alfo
Appendix, No.
II.
ii
-.
u ,,
0^3
French
3o
Domingo
They thanked
the Lieu-
pounds a-day
law
;
during martial
compong Maroons
good conduct,
who
had
fallen
with
As
raife a
Adam
Williamfon during
adminiftration, to
fervice in Jamaica,
re-
commended
Houfe
^<^,
in
a letter
an
cpmfanies
231
companies of
and for
ifTued,
offering a reward of
300
dollars to
any per-
Trelawney Maroon, and 150 dollars for killing or taking any flave who joined the
Maroons.
Thefe rewards were augmented
by the
offers
made by
and amounted
of 900 dollars.
in the aggregate to
upwards
...
At
of the
iflant!^
in looking back,
there
were
two
and
litia,
killed
wounded
thirt'
in Colonel
Sandford's engagement
five
-fcven killed
wounded
the
of
ilavcs,
had
and
five
:
wounded, and
killed
of
0^4
Colonel
:; :
iff
232
and a
ferjeant of the
men
:
Schaw
burnt
:
Caftle burnt
Kenmure
ried
away
-yl
r
\
two negroes
carried
away
Lewis's burnt*
lofles fuftained
:
by
on the other
to have been
fide,
not a
;
killed
don
in a panic
towns, had
fet
fire to
The
lofs
by
233
LETTER
General Wolpole appointed
to the
VIII.
'^'jii^.">
Command.
-His firjl
Operations. -^Godl s
Party of
Maroons.'
Walpole
ejla-
General
Skinner.
of a Reinforcement.
Coffee
Cohnel
Stores
and
The Maroons
on a
their
dijlodged
from
Forced
Take
a Pofttion
Height.
Driven from
Ginger
fon^s
Eflablif}}
Head-^iarters in
Hill.
Town
Bottom. Po/l
at
Guard
Johnin
Acfivityj
to
and arbitrary
fly.
Difpofttion.
Surprifed,
and compelled
Council at
foners.
Whatever
Governor's ipeech
at
234
Seflions,
by the brigands of
St.
Domingo, and of
it
is
clear that
moment: on
the
which they
were
confidered
it,
immenfe
rev\rards
Maroon,
out parties.
ftate
On
lefs
by fuch of the
Maroons.
It
was
Major Sam
Town,
where
com,-
to Kingfton, ftay
;
a very
j(hort
for
phuning
i
,.j.i
235
or not
night,
and
fet
out
for
Charles
Town.
ill
Whether
their comp'aint
were well or
and
grounded, this
ad
of infolence
difit.
Had
Governor,
tained
redrefs.
The
circumflance,
how-
rr
On
Walpole
was
appointed
forces,
Commander
the
in
Chief of the
with
the
rank of
Major-General.
ber,
On
after
15th of Septem-
immediately
difpatches, he
quitted
Accompong Town
dangerous
track
unattended,
rapidity through
to the head-quarters at
Trclawney Town.
very
He
found
the
troops
much
dif-
pirited
jaded
badly
hunted,
236
hutted, and
ill
accommodated.
himfelf,
But un*
he
in-
accudomed to defpond
ftantly bent all his
and to
they
evils
was rendered
now
daily
hope of ftimulating
Worfted repeatedly,
force,
them
to
exertions,
they
contell: as endlefs
and
nor
is
their
defpondence to be
recoUefl: the little
wondered
'I
at,
when we
'-'l!
not one of
killed,
whom
have been
many
I
fine fellows.
K^
. I
i.
Under
WaU
would be
totally
237
now under
making
his
it
command be
his
duty
to
run no
rifk in
an
attack, not
war.
He
had
fully confidered
the
novel and
uncommon
it
a fcene of
was neceffary
Perpendicular
to
form
a fyftematic plan.
tains,
moun-
glades,
and
defiles for
many
almoft
miles round,
fortifications
of the place,
barriers
infurmount-
an
affault.
To
own mode
to engage
determination
He
on a more extended
38
tended
fcale,
;
to
fettlements
groes
been
would have
alfo
awe;
the
to
pen
it
Maroons
he knew
to
juft as feafiMe
pen
Maroon
defile,
head-quarters,
nt
?..
.,f
an attack
Lee's,
-ivas
made on
the poft
'5
!"
that
was
now
called
Godly's*, but
commanded by Captain Vv liite of the 83d regiment. One of the out-fentiles declaring
that he
mr^
* It was called Godly's, from Major Godly of the 83d^
having repaired
death,
>lf^
.^
it
after it
,
,f
was beat
iri>
fubfequent to Lee's
..
dark,
239
dark, the
men were
at
parties,
advanced from
day- dawn.
The
rebels
no
coffee,
it.
and called
the
boy
to
ng
As
fired,
boy
M^
as
and he
not to
was
killed.
The
poft,
officers refolved
abandon the
held
it
till
affiftance,
on
the
off.
arrival
of which the
Maroons moved
,'^:n-:.i)
':iij
;:>-...
,/;.
:;
The working
tadlics
he
fix
weeks from
this
time
till
for the
the end
who
fell
with him.
Only
their
bones remained
et ipter
eft ipfiu
cramum*
had
^,
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
Ittl21 115
1.1
11.25
6"
^>>i
> V
f^
Fhotcgraphic
as
\
Sdmoes
Carporation
WKT MAIN tTRNT WIMTM.N.V. I4IW
(7I*)I73-40S
4^
^
!
.#.
(
Ho
fa^,
were
thofe!
of his perfon,
at the place
where he
fiired
and re-ioaded,
as
much
open,
as to the deftruc-"
When
the land
was
General Walpole
whether a dc*
practicable or
fcent into
not.
it
that
way were
and
ten
left
men were
where the
well
of penetrating was
known
men
draw
ready,
attack.
if neceflary,
to
fupport
the
frefli,
real
The dragoons
with great
the
being
not
alacrity,
and were
re-
ceived
by
firmnefs,
and
siiid
on each
fide
a rapid
fire
commenced.
l>"
^The
advancing
^"ivas
fire
from behind
this,
and ftumps.
By
was
however,
or no mifchief
;
done to
either party
yet
it
ihewed the
in the
mode
take
knew how
fmall party
to
The
on the
left
Lieutenant Richards
it
and
up
his fupport.
As
him,
the
cockpit*
Whether
it
was
that
the
ferjeant
who
had
it
commanded, imagined
4
that Richards
(horteft
way
to
i|iy.VoL.
'
h
.
tk
certain
. -
'
--
J^
242
)
left,
defile.
The
of the
Richards be?ng
call
Was given
the ferjeant,
and a
the
4
If,
.
hill.
rife to
an apprehenfion of
coyed into the
horn, and
if fo,
defile
not
regarded their
pofl:
from
all
againil it;
and
fo
"
.
* Soihe of
the dragoont
Who
:d
thtfii*
Itft
round.
this difcharge
took place,
Plttffe
your hoAour,"
faid
one of thew,
" We
have
tiot
a /cartridge left."*'
"
Then, what
is that firing
Why,
your honour,"
laii rounds^,
and the
}t
you
will get
cartridge left
a:,
-IS
thought
243
)
:
ibiight
By men of
orditiary talents
othervvife.
GeHis
neral
Wdlpole
thought
them;
but
whether
to,
negotiation
were to be reforted
or war continued,
as near
he wifhed
as poflible.
to keep his
enemy
him
At a
place
called
One-eye,
he eftablifhed a
as
poft, as
to
them
was
convenient,
and
He
;
obtained
all
the information of
him
tracks
difafter
while
rifk
of failure
'
>;-.-
qa
:t>
R2
In
(
'
H4
neceflary to
augment the
and accordthe
13th,
ingly fent
him detachments of
officer
for-
raifed
him
fo highly in
all
who knew
welcome
to the
Commander
to
in Chief, or
more animating
arrival
:
the troops,
than his
with him
particularly
was
entitled to
verfal eftimation in
and
officers
to
make
inroads
for,
as I
have already
245
up
in limits
like the
wild creatures of a
at
foreft,
they found
iflues
every point.
On
them
and burnt
jy
- >(.
i.S'N
r:'
The
neral
tions.
rainy feafon
now
abated, and
Ge-
Walpole began
his offenfive
opera-
Having gained an
place,
accurate
know-
the
firfl
to
cut
off the
Maroons
5
from
all
and he
he
This,
was one of
mountain
is
* The word
applied to fettlements on
moun*
iains,
provificni*
&c.
and
'-..
(
iand
life
H^
from the
fcarcity
of that ncccflary of
V.eather,
plifhing
The
pofition
now
held by the
fmall
of feven acres.
From
fuch a
pofition
was abfolutely
neceflfary to dif-
it
was
not, as they
had
hill
The
cleared,
now
he
and
(hells to
pit,
leaving
to their conqueror
it,
who, upoa
their evacuating
by
the formidable
faid the
defile.
Damn
dat
little
Buckra,"
Maroons on
retiring,
" he
toder.
Dis here
fight
him
fire
him big
you, and
when
5
i^mn
Vk
(
lit
damn
boys,
H7
funting
fire a'ter
you
again.
Come,
make we go
do den."
is
he
will
" Damn
wha
white
man, he
This
a big
is
others.
fires
new mode
of fighting: he
ball
to flop,
that feems
itfelf fires
again
upon
and
~
Come,
my
boys,
let
us
be
off,
fee
when we
,
are at a dillance
-..
what he
'l
will do."
"
'
''-
'
./
*
*>
'
'
./
'
-^
'
.-''..
'
*>'-.
*
.
itM ,
>..
"
On
their
Maroons took
poffeffion of
women
on a
different line.
got
upon
up
a'
and plaintain
been very
for
which
had
might
it
have
eafily forced,
not been
the
fire
they
it.
could
have
poured
in from above
but next
morning a fupply of
Ihells
being carried
new
retreat,
retreat, and
on the
the
left.
fhells,
now
thrown,
fell at
lefs
intimidated,
and
maintain their
pofition.
By
a
the vigilance of
light
woman
for water,
load, a path
was
difcovered,
matters of
Maroons
precipice,
dell,
retreating
down
a very fteep
Bottom, a fmall
a place called
Ginger-Town Bottom,
to
penetrated before.
|heir head-quarters,
they eftablifhed
was convenient
provifions
from the negro grounds on the Trelawney fountains, and for procuring water. The
''
>--..
drr
move
farther
as
from
in confequence,
were conftantly
repulfed.
The
17th light
hill,
Guard
Hill,
com*
againft
which
thefe
fifted
ftill
operations
called
com-
manded by Captain Charles Schaw; but the chief commander among them was
Johnfon,
who was
prifing.
250
priiing.
whom
led
fettlements
Wcftmoreland, and
after-
places.
Johnfon
furprifed a
by
ten foldiers,
at
blKhed
Modha and
He
had no
from ground
he
s^
meditated.
Though known
at
to
be at
twenty miles.
with
He
women
own
themfelves
when
a peace took
in the terna$
would be included
asMaroiOAS.
i^
251
while he
made
others
Captains,
if
whom
they deferved
;
general
the
own
fons
and.
were equal to
over his
his
men
On
his fur-
but
;
when
out-fentries
of
but
thefe
had been
he never
two Maroons.
He was,
however, furprifed
fele<^
on
the 8th of
November, by a very
uncommon
was violent
he knew.
in the
abu(e of Williams,
whom
Being
wounded with
It
l,:X.y
him-
'
252
but
all
his efforts
proved
fruitlefs,
and
after
which he managed
'
,
to
do with great
addrels,
but no
On
a party of
brown people under Captain Stewart, a militia ofHcer, fell in with a body of Charles Schawls men, and two or three rounds Some of the brown were exchanged.
people
fled,
The
it
Maroons being
number,
They
fi-
the party.
The
been
lence, for
(hot.
the
Maroons
left
On
253
On
cramp the
rebels in that
rendered
fignal
Indeed the
ofHcers
men
and
,, ,;,)
in
zeal '1.
.s,;;v.>
it
was
Captain
ral
Drummond
fifty confidential
in with
him
in
the mountains
by
on
and
which he was
and
thefe, well
pofition he
had taken,
when detachments
'
'
goons
,
:i
^54
goons and
from ih6
by
on the body
were
aflailing the
Maroons.
it
Though
had the
at
ho
perfonal mifchief
was done,
the
eScOi of dlfcontinuing
adion
moment when
refult.
it
promifed a
vliflorious
Drummond was
The
obliged
to
be
done hh duty.
him
Cud-
had
Jdfe,
fuffered
much, but
Cudjoe and
his
command of Captain
himfelf in
MacLean, who
the
diftinguifhed
mod
gallant
'"
neceflary to break
"
^'^^
,
-
it
^\
X
It
^ss
Wil
little,
When
it
is
ifland,
and
fome of the
fervice
loft in
;
that
many
had
fallen
that
many
;
had been
were
laid
wafte
that the
enemy who
from
aad
who
fitni-
lar warfare,
will not
The
uncertainly
of the
iflfue,
and the
induced
the
ifland,
k'
256
Falmouth.
large
and
far
It
jufti-
fied.
true
that
the
Maroons were
affairs
were
of the Affembly in
tlie
month of September,
when hope
rebels
At
fmifter
events,
fmce
On the
fide
and though
obtained,
iht
to refpcdl their
now
accuftomed to a
mode of wit
againfl:
the
iri-
who compofed
the
wha
in irons, as ambaffadors
General
#
257
^"
*
General Walpole,
of the members of
that
it,
declared to
them
negotiation
which was
to be conducted
by
ambafladors
who had
been in
iflue
fetters; re-
called to their
minds the
of the
vifit
nth
the
them not
of the
virtually
mercy
would
of
*
rebels,
by a
acknowledge
them
conquerors,
if not
He
con-
be concluded
Vol.
impo-
*
'
aj8
granted
;
.
impotence, but
after
advantages
mercy or jullice
and he earneftly
campaign
for
it.
ilated to
be redded, the
in
them,
fuffered to purfue
At
body of Maroon$
Vaughan's-field on the
fettle
in
(imilar
petition
who
The
firft
chiefly people
(
firft
^S9
petition
latter
was ;
no
-i
"> !
fifting
the declaration
diligent
fearch for
emiflaries
fruitlefs.
from
St.
Maroon war
in
approaching
dry
view of
Moil of the
their
inhabitants
*
It
Edwards ran
that fimilar
in
made by
the
body of Maroons
arms
that
many
inhabitants
thought
their terms
ought to be accepted
in the
e e
neral
fame fentiment."
Edwards*
S 2
fortunes
266
and
all,
had
'^een urgent
on almoft any terms, and were preparing for thcmfelves humiliation, difgrace, and
danger, from which the firmnefs and ar*
ifland.
*.;^ ii?tJ
ill I
.'hi- J-
.<
<<
'
'>
^iV5
^'^
Utli
'.
-;|j
Litii^n-
;!
r.
i.
,.
.tr
,^T
/:
A:::vx-
.^^
.'Vfo^
ifiit- y-
*>p
5Vfrf;i>^l
^^
APPENDIX.
'.-!,t
."aIi.
\
^'
;-L'i.''V fS
'
.1'^
''.;.
;'
\
'
:).
\*
',
--u^
No.
I.
An AA
to repeal an
to repeal feveral
refpefting Slaves,
,
Ats and Claufes of Ais, which were repealed by the A&. intituled as aforefaid
for confolidating,
;
and
Ad,
the feveral
giving
Laws relating to Slaves, and for them further Protection and Security j^
the
for altering
Mode of
,!^?
'"-'!
Trial of Slaves
charged with
Purpofest
[SeA*
I>
capital Offences;
and
for other
Preamble.
Lawt and
claufei of laws to be
it.III. Slavet otherwife provided for. IV. Owner* obliged to pro* vide for difabled flaves.V. Slaves to be clothed by their owner once
a year.^VI. Owners to ioftruA flaves in the Chriftian religion.'^*
premium
and imprifoned.
S3
cafe*
^.<;
262
and
cods. XI. JuAices to iflue their warrants to bring mutilated flaves before tbem.XII* Perrons wilfully killing Haves to fuffer death. XIII. Perfons cruelly beating flaves, how punifliable, XIV. Arbitrary punilhmcnfi reftrainedXV. Putting iron collars or other chains on flavesf prohibited.XVI. Juftices and veftry to fupport difabled negroes.
for
Owners Aied
How fuch
negleft of
of XVII. Owners muft not allow without tickets under penalty. Penalty on
allowed one
duty. XVIII. Slaves allowed holidays XIX. Slaves day in every fortnight XX. Time allowed for breakfaft, &c. XXI. Penalty for fuffering unlawful aflemblies of XXII. Civil or military ofHcers to fupprefs fuch aflemblies. fl tves XXIII. Overfc-ers, Sec. who fuffer fuch aflemblies, to be imprifoned. Provifo.'XXIV. Negro burials to be in day time.
XXVI.
'
XXV.
Imprifonment
on
Who
Reward
-
for fecurin^
runaways.
are to be difpofed
of XXXil. Time
inXXXIV.
Overfeer
i
'
negleAXXXV.
Haves dying. Encouragement for increafe of flaves.^XXXVI. Fur* ther encouragement for iocreafe of flaves.XXXVII. Penalty o free negroes, ftc granting tickeu to flavesXXXVIII. Whites
granting fuch tickets punifliable.XXXIX.
XL
them
Se
XLI. Keepers
of gaols,
tec.
*^
,
..
[
-
mile>money, tee , allow them proviflonst them out.XLII. Certain runaways, how liable to be puniflied.XLIII. Runaways abfcnt fix months, how punifliable* XLIV. Slaves guilty of Obeah, how punifliable.XLV. Slaves attempting to poifon, to fuffer death. XLVI. Slaves puniAabk if XLVII. Slaves found in poffcffion of large quantities of frcfli meat Aealing horned cattle how puniflied. XLVIII. Slaves guilty of XLIX. Jurors to ferve under peaalty.-L. Threo crimes bow tried juftices to form a court.LI. How executions are performed. mrnmlAl. SUvcs glvlng fklfc evidence how puniflied. LIU. How fees f flaves difcharged by proclamation are paid.LIV. Clerk of the
fees, atteft the charges for
and not
hire
peace to record flave trials. LV. Five days notice of triiir to be LVII. l^ven.LVI. Slaves executed, or tranfported, to be valued
Inferior
<#>
'^
{
f
^6^
inferior
crimes.><LX. Provoftinar<hal to deliver runaways to workhoufe keeper. LXI. Runaways to be committed to workhoufe.
'
LX1I. Horfest '^ belonging to flavesj to be taken op and fold LXIII. I'enalty for'^rmitting flaves to keep horfes.^-LXIV. Oath to be made that flaves have no property. LXV. Slaves not to purchafe hcrfes,
&c. LXVI.
flaves
againft
'
whom
this ifland,
how
go
^LXXIt
'
on holidayi.-LXXlI.
Slaves
LXXV.
do
AcLXXVI.
Juftices to
n-
law. LXXVII.
fliall
LXXVIII. How
penalties
W HERE
it is
AS
it is
may more
and whereas
of flaves
;
fecurity to flaves,
mode
it
of
trial
and
all
neceflary
that
We,
your
and loyal
may be
enacted. Be
it
tnd
aflfembly of the faid ifland, and it is hereby enated and ordained by the authority of the fame.
and
S-4
every
-'H*?;t
'
%;
264
every the
fa'ui
repealed, and
made
void to
all
intents
and purpofes
anywife notwithftanding.
can contribute more to the
flaves
II.
and
all
may be
further
ftate
it
(hall
fuch
(lavei
ilave
fufiicient
time to
in order to provide
maintenance: and
poiTeiTors
alfo, all
plant
'i
upon fuch
negroes* that he
(hall
he
pofl'efled
of on fuch
In
was allotted to every was found an exorbitant and alteration was made as it now ftands
,
plants'
(
plantatipti, pen,
^6s
negro-grounds aforefaid
which lands
(hall
be kept up
pounds.
J <
III.
j^nd he
it further
aforefaid^
majler.,
owners or
or his or her
in order
up
in
thif al is
And
whereas
it
may
and towns
in
this
ifland,
there
may
;
not be lands
fome
other ways and means, make good and ample provifion for all fuch flaves as they (hall
be pofTc^ed of,
ilave, in
may
IV.
And
be
it
further cnated
by the authority
pofleflbr
aforefaidi
of any
(lave or flaves,
her
own
right, or as
attorney, guardian,
ihall difcard
trudee,
executor, or otherwife,
flave or
or turn
(laves
flave or flaves
being
by
ijicans
of (icknefs, age, or
as
266
is
and he
perties,
and to
of
find
neceflaries
life,
as aforefaid to be in
want
thereof, or to
wander about,
in this ifland;
who
is
hereby
pofleflbr,
faid penalty';
trial
own
upon oath,
is
hereby em-
to take
up fuch wandering,
pofltflTor,
until
fuch
trial
as
and
if it fliall
on fuch
is
trial,
comfliall
plained of
lefufe to pay the faid ten pounds, and the fees to fuch
flave or flaves,
ad7
his hand
and
feal, diredled to
common
(hall
gaol of the
be committed,
fum
and
of which
churchwardens of fuch
pari(h
;
poor of faid
withftanding.
V, And
encouragement of
flaves to
do
be
That
be
pofTeffed of proper
fufficient clothing, to
be
poffeffor
of fuch flaves
fifty
pounds.
VI.
And
be
it
further enabled
by the authority
aforefaid.
That
all
as
much
at
in
them
lies,
whereby to
their converfion,
(it
and
(hall
do
their utmoft
endeavours to
them
for baptifm,
and as foon at
all
fuch at
VII.
And
#
( 1(58
J
VII.
And
be
it
further
aforefald,
manager,
December
in every year,
(lialJ,
fifty pounds for' every negleiSl, alfo give in, on oath, an account of the quantity of land in ground-provifions, over and above the negro-grounds, upon fuch
and,
where there are not lands proper for fuch purpofes, then an account, on oath, of the proviOon made on fuch
plantation, pen, or other fettlement, or .neans adopted
-,
and
(hail
fuch plantation, pen, or other fettlement, for the approbation of the juftices and vedry as aforefaid
}
and
to the direSiiom
of this ai.
it
further
cna^ed by
who
runaway
Haves
(lave
may be
owners;
<
259
owners; every fuch flave or Haves, fo informing, ft all be entitled to fuch reward as any juftice (hall in reafon
and juftice think juft and reafonable, and be paid by fuch
perfon or perfons as fuch juftice (hall determine ought
to
(hillings.
And
be
it
aforefaid.
That
if
any
any
(lave
receive
pari(hes
where fuch
(lave or (laves
(hall
have been
five
killed, the
fum of
three poundt;,
pounds
if
or (laves
(hall
be reimburfed by the
X. And,
lating or
in order to prevent
difmembering any
(lave
further
any mafter,
owner,
po(re(ror,
own
will
and pleafure,
or by
or in any of the
of this ifland
fine,
be punifhed by
pounds,
and
imprifonment,
exceeding twelve
14
months,
ayo
dif*
is
declared to be
alioii that
could or might
be brought
for or
cafes,
at:
common
And,
flave
in very atrocious
or flaves (hall be
whom
fuch offender
(hall
tried
(hall
necefiary,
for the future protedion of fuch flave or Haves, to declare him, her, or them, free, and difcharged
all
from
are
manner of
and purpofes
the court
vrhatfoever:
And,
if to
them
it (hall
to the juftices
and
which *the
and
fuch of
made
free, the
fum of ten
maintenance
flave or flaves
life
or
flaves,
on
his,
any
be, and
is
on view, and
fuch ofl'ence
flaves (hall
at the
flave
or
may be
fuch
^^
>i\
271
of fuch (lave or
flaves:
And
and empowered,
to
the
make further and full enquiry, upon view, into commitment of the mutilation of fuch flave or
}
JDaves
and,
if to
them
it
(hall
juftices
and
veftry. ate
be paid by the
:
parifti
(hall
be committed
And
in cafe
owner or owners
empowered to commence
all
fuit
or
and recover
laid
by them
or fuits
And
have been
firft
com-
notice of the
of the pari(h
where
was committed, to
and
veftry,
juftices
under
XI.
And
be
it
aforefaid.
That
in cafe
t>r
any
juftice of the
peace
(hall
probable intelligence
from any
Jlate
15
271
any
^ave
it
or otherwifet that
is
flave
or flaves
is
or are fa
mutilated, or
ihall
and may be lawful for fuch juftice of the peace, and he is hereby empowered and required,
forthwith to
iiTue his
fuch
fttch
fiave
or
and
Save or flaves to
juftice, tvhoy on
view of
the
fa^,
hereby authorifed
and who
is there to be kept,
enquiryJhall be
made
into
thefaH according
law,
!XII.
And be
That
if
it
aforef?.id.
wantonly;
willingly, or bloody*mindedly,
killed,
or canfe to be
flave,
ing,
(hall,
on convidion, be admitted
(hall fufFer
death ac-
fuch convidikion
ihall
XIII.
And
be
it
aforefaid,
wantonly or cruelly
(liall
wound, or
imprifon
any
flave
or flaves,
fliall
either
.#
273
by
fine or
imprifonment, or
hotht as the
judges or jufinflidk
;
tices
of fuch courts
(hall think
proper to
any
notwithftanding
And
fuch
puni(hment
is
hereby
common law
the offender.
XIV. And,
ments, be
it
That no
receive
(lave
on any
plantation or fettlement, or in
more thtm
and
for
one
(hall
more
at
fame
dayy nor until the delinquent hat reaver edfrom the effeEls ef
* In
I
the former
aA
/.
Vol.
I.
If
274
,.
'
XV. And
are apt
to be
and fuch as
to abfcond from their owners^ hfi^**'& ^*' *^^Hfi*^S fixed round the necks of fuch flaves^ an iron collar
offuch flaves ; be
faidy
it further
is
unlawful^ and that no perfonfhallf on any pretence whatfoevery uiider the penalty offifty pounds^ punifh any negrt
own property
or otherwife, by
collar
be
ahfolutely neceffary
and
all
and every
and
required, under
and view
irons, or
of fuch
weights,
offence,
to be
to
order fuch
collar, chains,
XVI. And whereas, from the deceafe and removal of refidence of many proprietors of /laves, and other
circumftances, and from the manumiflion of negro,
many
unhappy
*m.
275
v/Ife,
come
and nuifance
:
to the feveral
towns ?"d
-.
parifhes of
this ifland
for
remedy whereof, be
further
juftices
in this
enaded by
ifland
That the
empowered,
faid feveral
to lay a tax
towns and
of raifing fuch a
fum
and attendance,
in the
flaves, or
other
unhappy objects
And
the magiflrates
refpefkively of fuch
town and
cm-
fuch objects
to the re(if
to be
a flave)
owner or owners,
colour
of fuch flave
lii(ed
or refided
or, if a perfon of
made
free,
where the perfon or perfons who manufuch perfon of colour refided before
mifed or
fct free
aforefaid:
feveral
And
the
towns and
pariflies, as
are hereby
to mak*;
fuch
humane and
falutary regulations,
the
purpoftrs aforefaid, as to
them
-'J
fhall
appear necefTary
-.I.:
and expedient.
'.'
T2
XVII. And
it
is
and,
as
much
as in the
power of the
crimes,
to
legiflature, all
proper punifhments
fliould
be appointed for
it
all
crimes
further enabled by
and
fliall
fuffered or permitted to
go out of
his or
her mafter
one town or place to another, unlefs fuch flave fliall have a ticket from his mafter, owner, employer or
overfeer, exprelRng particularly the time of fuch flave's
fetting out,
fliillings for
owner, em*
ployer, or overfeer, in a
one
jufl:ice
plaint being
made
to
upon oath, before any judice of the peace of the parifli or precin^ where fuch mafter, owner employer, or overfeer, may or (hall live, or happen to
be, that he did
give the faid
flave
fuch ticket as
confcnt
'
3177
confent
and
if
fuch juflice
(hall
refufe or neglet
to
him
as aforefaid,
who
fum of
five
pounds
any law,
*.
XVIII. And be
aforefaid.
(hall
it
That
(laves in this
idand
were allowed
and Whitfuntide
fpeiive feafon,
no two holidays
be allowed to
except at Chriflmas,
when
they
(hall
be allowed
And
if
fume,
any holidays
fum of
five
pounds.
^v
it
was
alfo
fliould
be puaiflied, whidi
now
omitted.
Tj
flavei
'
278
flavcs
to cultivate their
own
be
it
therefore enabled
ilaves
That the
belonging
plantation or fettlement,
Ihall,
own
provifion-
fifty
pounds, to be re-
'
...
v.,
;'lr
XX. And
be
it
aforefaid,
That every
(liall,
on fuch plantation or
fettlement
two hours
and that no
ilaves (hall
be compelled to
fifty
pounds, to be recovered
fuch Haves.
';i^ia
i^rJi 7r?f
i
r?
y.
i:^i
the authority
guardian, or
fliall
here-
any ftrange
flaves,
exceeding twelve in
their military
horns
or
ihells,
upon any
under
279
care
under
(hall
his,
her, or their,
or management,
or
by immediately giving
thereof to
the
next
may
pay a
fine of fifty
pounds
to his majeily,
his heirs
and
fuccefTors, for
(hall
any of
his
majefty's juftices
five
.
,
of the peace,
fuch offence.
*i
..^
,.;
,,'
rift
XXII. And be
aforefaid.
it
That
all
ofHcers, civil
and military,
(liall
be,
aifemrblies,
and
to
fupprefs
and
prevent
before-metitioned
contrary uotwithftanding.
,*;-
;.;,
XXTII.
hat
And
whereas
it
e*" :e,
nt..
rebellions
different plantations,
when fuch
intoxicated
and
as
it
meetings tend
much
T4
^e
28o
be
it
therefore
if
That
any overfeer,
in his abfence,
any book-
management of any
fuffer
plantation
or fettlement,
(hall
any
and beat
fhells,
their
military drums, or
blow
their
horns or
every
upon an indil;ment
in
the
fupreme
bail or
mainof the
prize
Provided information
aforefaid, before
And
upon fuch
plantation or
liberty
when and
amufements
at night.
are put an
XXIV.
jitidf
in order
to
prevent
rlott
and
nightfy
and
and
yuk
281
it
^hat
all
may
and if
poffeffor
...-.
XXV. And
aforefaid,
fliall
be
if
it
That
any Indian,
free negro,
or mulatto, (hall,
five
.^
.,,.
.,
XXVI. And
afore faid.
be
it
That
all flaves
who
(hall hereafter
be found
powder,
victed, before
two
fuch puni{hment
months.
*
XXVII. And be
aforefaid,
it
That
if
any Have
any violence,
by
ftriking or otherwift, to
(lave,
upon conor
viction,
tranjportation,
con-
282
,
in 'their difcretion,
think proper to
flict
infli(ft
be not
XXVIII. And be
rity
it
aforefaid,
That any
liable to
or
flaves,
who
fliall
flave or
be
and on conviction,
(hall think
proper to
T'
infiidl,
-
not extending to
.
life
.
or
,
limb.
,.
.,
...i..
\'-*--
'
-,
XXIX. And
whereas
it
is
peace and fafety of this ifland, to fufFer flaves to continue out as runaways, and
to declare
fhall
it
is
abfolutely neceflary
to the public
what
the
flaves
be deemed fuch
aforefaid,
be
it
authority
or flaves
who
Jba/I
he
from
his
owner or
going
to
fliall
be
deemed a runaway.
'.J17*'
=i*T"i*
.^"iTf
IV
^"d,. I,.
XXX. And
283
XXX. And
aforefaid,
be
it
ap-
prehend fuch
or flaves,
fum of
at
no more
befides milefirfl:
money,
five
Pro-
which fuch
which lime of
be declared on the
if
up fuch
flave
or
require
But
it
is
and
meaning of
(hall
who
this
apprehend any
in,
ifland,
and that
at
abfent
fervice,
from
their
owner,
employer, or
manager's,
ten
fliillings,
this ad.
con-
the faid
tion to the
fum of ten fliillings and mile-money, in addifum allowed to maroon negroes for appre-
hending runaways:
And
provided
alfo,
That
it is
not
faid
maroons of
their Ifgal
284
kgal and
negro.
eftabllflied
reward of forty
(hillings for
each
_
be
it
XXXI. And
aforefaid,
apprehending
fuch Have or
their rcfpeftive
any workhoufe
is
or manager, of fuch
the faid
pay
fum of
in
which
cafe, the
Is
hereby
Ms
fum
money
livered,
five
pounds
Provided
is
neverthelefs,
That
if
fuch
(lave
or (laves
or are
brought to any gnol or workhoufe by any white perfon, free negro, free mulatto, \)r Indian, no gaoler or
vorkhoufe-keeper
fon
(hall
(hall
or workhoufe-keeper
in his office
and pro-
ive
fliives
do belong (except
as bc-
is
no
ticket
285
faid
Have or
firft
to the
owner, employer, or
owner,
fhall
pay for the apprehending him, her, or them, according to the intent and meaning of this aft.
XXXII. And be
aforefaid,
it
That no
ticket fhall
XXXni. And
aforefaid, That,
be
it
within thirty
days after,
owner,
overfeer,
or
manager of every
(liall
XXXIV. And
rity aforefaid,
be
it
That,
if
upon oath
uch
fhall
286
firopHetor,
or poficffor of fuch
plantation, pen, or
overfeer or manager.
i^
.;
:-
^.j,
>
.;
XXXV. And
aforefaid,
be
the
it
That
planta-
on the twenty-
give in an account,
on
And
in cafe
veftry,
manager
a natural en-
creafe in the
number
be entitled
pen,
fum
of three
pounds*
on fuch
plantation, pen,
be then
living, after
and the
or other fettlement,
become due.
::
itWO
'.''M
Of
287
XXXVI.
may
fantSy be
it
Andy
in
and
proteclion
of negro in-
further enaEled by
the
authority aforefaidy
children livings
and
the
aB
to
of the tax
laws of
annually to be pajfedy
be
made for
all
from
owner or
pojjejfory
the juflices
and
and
manner as
That proof be
and
number of
children, toge-
gether
with
is
the mother y
mother
Jaboury
and
comfortable maintenance.
\^
XXXVII. And
free negroeS)
it
therefore
enaiSled
by the
free negro, or
muIhaJl
latto,
288
ftall
(hall
be liable
fupreme
(hall
be committed
XXXVIIL And
rity aforefaid.
be
if
it
further enabled
(hall
That
fuch ticket
any
of forgery, and
(hall
(hall
be
fuch puthink
(hall
XXXIX. And,
where fuch
to the
may have
a due knowledge
being ap-
may
and
of this al,
all
289
de
la
the country,
afcertained, of each
into cuftody,
and
if
tlie
name or names of
that
the
owner or
owners thereof,
known, and
by him
to be advertifed
advertifement,
gaol-keepers,
they,
(hall
the
workhoufe-keepcrs or
and may,
authorized
to,
runaway
one
flave fo advertifed, at
{hilling
each paper,
and no more
and that
it
(hall
and keep
flaves fo
runaway Have or
their behalf, pro-
\m
who
appre*
f'Ui'"
m:
two
(hillings
and
(ix
money, the
of adver-
and Hx pence
ment where
tiflng
nece(riry,
and
of adver-
and
Vol.
I.
y
t
290
m-
ward
to the perfon
who brought
this
law.
further enaled
XL. And be
aforefaid,
it
by the authority
pounds
That
workhoufe or gaol, a
that
is
to fay,
pints of
wheat
flour,
XLI. And be
aforefaid.
it
That no gaol-keeper
any
him
or fettlement, belonging
to, or
in
work
or perfors,
(hall
be in his
common
and
to be infpe^led by
fame
he
*^
in cafe
offend herein,
(hall, for
fum of
XLII.
(ifty
pounds.
'f
And
"^
XLIL And
aforefaid,
be
it
That
all flaves
who
{hall
two
years,
and
run away,
fix
(
for a
or flaves
fliall
ihall fufFer
think proper to
XLIII.
aforefaid,
And
That
be
if
it
any
owner
than
or lawful
pofl^eflTor,
fix
months, fuch
fliall
flave,
thereof,
be fentenced to
determine, or
be tranfported for
the offence.
life,
in order to
prevent the
many
mif*
hereafter arife
men
to
fpirits,
power
exempt them,
evils that
whilfl:
tedlion,
from any
be
it
any flave
who
fliall
upon con*
think proper to
direl}
Ua
292
dlrel
any thing
in this,
XLV. And
aforefaid,
be
if
it
That
mix
or caufe to
be given,
any fuch
poifon
or
or tranfportation for
any thing
in this, or
any other
notwithftanding.
it is
with the
and difcovered,
manner
as to convit
'
them
in ord^r,
future,
and to
of fuch
a^
further
enaded by
otheir
if aiiy
negro or
Have
tody or
unknown
to his or her
maffter,
owner,
who
(hall
have the
over-
293
ilave,
any
fredi beef*
flefli
of horfe, mare,
mule, or
and not
tiefore
any two
as fuch
magiftrates, (hall be
in fuch
manner
magiftrates
]a(hes
;
(hall
if
dire^,
exceeding
thirty-nine
and
veal,
mutton,
:'w*l
and fuch
flave (hall
how
upon conviction
thereof,
m
,
or
r
imprifonment
XLVII. And be
aforefaid,
It
That
if
the pafling of this zt, (leal any fuch. horned cattle, (heep, goat, horfe,
mare, mule, or
cattle,
afs,
or (hall
horfe,
kill
|i&
Jii
fheep,
goat,
mare,
with intent to
(teal
mule, or
afs, or
fle(h
thereof, fuch
negro or other
flave (hall,
on
^
it
XLVni. And
whereas
is
neceflary to declare
U3
the
394
may
hereafter commit,
be
it
and
to
after the
palRng of
this at,
any
cane-pieces,
flave
or
llaves,
that
and the
evidence of flaves
againfl:
one another, in
;
this
and
all
and
if,
upon examina-
prehended
whom
fuch examination
(hall
commit
him, her, or them, to prifon, and bind over the witncffes to appear at a certain day, not lefs than ten
(hall
be
made, and
at
the
quartcr-feilions
are ufually held, and, where theie are no quarterfcflions held, at the place
is
ufually tranfaded,
and
certify
to
two other
and require them, by virtue of this aft, to affociatc themfclves to him, which faid juflices are hereby fqverally required to do, under the penalty of twenty pounds for every ncgled or
refufal
j
(ummon
an4
295
his
or
fuch
warned
under
itll
faid perfons fo to
fummoned,
as afore-
J'li
compofe a jury
(hall
flaves,
and
(hall
if
in fubftance
and
.'Ml
If
B
m
ti
and
at
ll it
\
they
i, i
(liall
think proper,
women
ex**
Ii\ tlie
ccptcd,
296
tepted, whofe execution (hall be refplted until a reafonable time after delivery: Provided always neverthelefs,
That
and determining
all
manner of
offences
for
which any
be punifhed
to
hard
like
manner,
in all other
proceed In the
to try, faid
flaves
trial
parlfli
all
and every
(lave
and
who
or
may then
be in the cuflody of
as aforefaid,
and
(hall
and
(hall caufe
them
all
to
and
and
other cafes.-
'.,_
.;.,,,
:,
,:
'\unr.,r^'
XLIX. And
*97
XLIX. And be
aforefaid.
It
That
all
be
and
be called
Provided
alfo,
That nothing
flave
in
this
zSt
trial,
where any
from
or ilaves (hall
be condemned to
die,
* ifA
Commander
(hall
in Chief (hall
appear to them
trial
and
'ion of
n^ander in chief
known, the
faid
judices (hall be
alual rebellion
(lull,
if
in
all
it
faid judices
they think
imme*
;.-
f-
j;r
L.
And
be
it
further
lefs
forefaid.
ftitutc a
That not
con-
(hall
fubjed fuch
flave
or
or confinement
and
that,
upon
all
fuch
faid
jurors,
298
be allowed.
LI.
And be
That
it
further enat:ed
by the authority
the;
aforefaid,
in all cafes
where
punifliment of
death
is infli);ed,
the execution
parifli
fliall
be performed in
and care
fhall
free
(hall
And
fame
murder or
l^-^x*}
rebellion.
^^-
,nvop^
^r
:^>yy
m
03
r^\^.:
u'iK.,
?i*t.
HA
it
LIT.
And be
That,
aforefaid,
fully,
trial
in
evil
wil-
and with
had under
any
this a^,
fuch
falfe
evidence
if
LIU. And be
difcharged
it
or
flaves
fliall
be
workhoufe-keepcr
be entitled to receive
all
fuch
fees
299
fees as (hall be
flaves, at the
mod
ilave or flaves,
LIV. And be
aforefaid,
it
That
any
up of
all
proceedings on the
(hall fubjel:
cincl
who
is
and
fuch
each negled
} and he (hall be entitled to receive from churchwardens of fuch parilh the fum of two the pounds fifteen fhillings, and no more, for attending
each
trial,
entering
bufinefs
incidental
And
(hall
further,
that
the
under him,
alfo
be. obliged
to
attend fuch
trial,
pounds
and that he
fliail
be entitled
to receive
fuch
3^0
fuch offender as
Biore.
fiiall
....
."_,..
LV. And be
aforefaid,
It
That
in all trials of
any
flave or flaves
trial
fliall
under
firft
be
> .
,.^
aforefaid. fhall be
the authority
flave of flaves
trial,
and
fliall
alfo
enquire what
fum
or funis of
flave or flaves,
money do not
,v
<
flxty
;
pounds
--
-^-
LVII. And be
aforefaid.
(hall
it
That
in
all
where any
fliall
flave or flaves
be brought to
trial,
and
be valued according
fliall
this
ifland,
;
hands unappropriated
fale
and
or
money
arifing
of fuch
flave
flaves as
,,
fliall
,.
fiiall
be
tried, to
be by
them
the public.
LVIII.
aforefaid,
And
That
(hall
u". it
if
any negru
other ilave,
who
(hall
ifland,
a^,
wilfully
upon convidlion,
fufFer
there are
many
inferior crimes
(laves,
which ought
magiftrates
aforefaid,
it
it
(hall
juftices
of the
notice to the
(laves, or his or
flave
or
of the time
and place of
trial,
judgment,
(hall
think
fit,
not exceeding
to
lathes or fix
months confinement
trial
fliall
expcnces of which
to the conftable,
and
(hall
or flaves; and in
or flaves,
refufe or
negle^
to
-V
(
it (hall
302
faid juflices,
or
feal, direled
to
the fame at
owner
thereof*
tion of
flaves;
And whereas
thare
now
are
many fuch
in the
it
flaves
in
who might be
ifland to
employed
workhoufes in
this
great
advantage; be
aforefaid, That,
it
iliall
from and
them
it
ihall
from the
may
hereafter
come
into
upon the
faid gover-
nors and guardians paying unto the provoft-marflial, or his lawful deputies, the
full
amount of
the fees
faid run-
away
flaves
and
^^
.3
203
com*
pounds.
,^,
,.^.
LXI. And be it further enabled by the authority aforefaid, That no runaway flave fhall, on any account, be committed to gaol by any magiftrate of a
parifli
where there
is
any workhoufe
%.':.>'
eftabliflied,
but
to fuch
workhoufe only.
flaves to
attended with
;
many and
great mifchiefs
in order, therefore, to
remedy
the fame, be
faid.
it
further enabled by the authority aforeafter the pafling of this ab, the
mafter, owner, proprietor, attorney, guardian, executor, adminidrator, or other perfon, in pofTeflion of
to
be fuch,
(hall caufe
them
to
be
fliall
(hall,
by advertifement
in the
and
that
and
if
them
'fy:r'j
(hall, for
304
fum of thirty pounds, to be recovered in a fummary manner before any two jaftices of the
forfeit the
which penalty
(hall
be
"
LXIII.
And
be
it
aforefaid,
no mafter, owner,
proprietor,
attorney,
guardian,
(hall
knowingly
flave
or gelding
(hall, for
every
fum of
aforefaid.
thirty
pounds, to be re-
covered in
manner
be
LXIV. And
aforefaid.
it
torney,
guardian, executor,
adminiftrator,
or other
make
oath, that
none of the
(aid
horfes, mares,
knowledge or
belief,
M-'.
and in cafe
(hall
every
3^5
(hall, for
every
fum of
thirty
pounds, to be redlf-
covered in the fame fummary manner, and to be pofcd of as herein before mentioned,
^f^^tif;.;
.;
^, Jti
LXV. And
be
it
after the pafling of this z^^ no negro or other Have in this ifland (hall purchafe or buy any horfe, mare, mule, or gelding, under the
aforefaid, That,
from and
and to be difoofed of
if
as herein before-mentioned:
(hall fell
And
(lave,
flave,
or give any
the
fum of
thirty
or other
flave,
which
faid
mentioned} any law, cuftom, or ufage, to the contrary in any wife notwithftanding.
;
LXVI, And
aforefaid,
be
it
That
in future,
whenever a warrant
if the faid flave
(hall
juftices
of
cannot be
(hall
and
if
Vol.
I.
3^6
'
if he, flic,
on jhe
warrant; and
if
it
fliall
be afterwards proved
flave, he,
-
or they,
fliali
forfeit the
fum of one
hundred pounds.
feveral
flaves
have lately
found means to defert from their owners, and depart from this ifland, to the great damage of fuch owners^
Jn evil example to other flaves,
who may
thereby be
\
And
flaves
-
whereas there
is
to defert
it
and
aSi:,
if
any
flave fliall
run
away from
to
ofl^,
go
off^,
this ifland in
any
fliip,
vefl"cl
aflifting, to
any other
flave
or flaves
in
fuch going
off^this
ofl^,
or
confpiring or attempting to go
ing, or abetting, in fuch going
or fo aiding,
aflift-
viled,
fliall
curt
fliall
'^^
hrml
^d
,Mi
3^7
LXVIII. And be
rity
It
aforefaid,
(hall,
That
iF
anr Indian,
free
negro,
or
mulatto,
from and
knowingly be aiding)
flavcs in
affiliring-,
i.land,
and
(hall
be convicted
or mulatto,
ifland
this
be committed
and
if
fupreiStje
court of judi-
cature or courts of
Bucvr^aLb
v.:
r,%
LXIX. And
aforefald,
be
if
It
That
flave or
being
In
convi^ed thereof by
bill,
plaint, or information^
for each
flave;
be tp our fovcreign
lord the King, his heirs, and fucceiib..^ for and to-
wards the fupport of the government of this ifland, and the contingent charges thereof, and the other
moiety to the party or parties at whofe
plaint fuch perfon
fuit
or
com-
%i\:
any
308
any fpace of time not exceeding twelve months, without bail or mainprize.
i-M'ii
'ti^y^
ljr,\
tidt
(f-r.
LXX. And
"aforefaid.
be
it
it
That
Ihall
to proceed
againft
affifting,
or
abetting, fuch
any thing
in this, or
make
edates
management, on the
whereby
pernicious pradlices
That
from
if
any overfeer
the eftate
(hall, for
every of-
fum of
five
pounds, to be recovered
juftice of the
fummary way,
happen
;
in the pariih
where fuch
contrary notwithftanding.
:0 Vi-
^^
*i'<:n.
LXXII. And be
aforefaid,
it
That
it
fhall not
309
trial
of the peace,
fitting
on the
of any flave or
flave to
(laves,
be nau-
maimed
for
LXXni. And
negro or other
be
it
That
if
any
flave,
who may
be fentenced to be
time,
fliall
of his
ftiall,
on proof of
his or her
two
adjudged
by them
LXXIV. And
aforefald,
be
it
That
if
lawful deputies, or any lawful conftable, or workhoufekeeper, (hall willingly or negligently fufFer any flave
or flaves to efcape,
who
(hall
(hall
be committed to his or
;}):,
fo that
fuch
flave
or flaves
not
who
ftiall
fufFer
fuch efcape,
fliall
forfeit the
fum of
to the
right of the
owner
LXXV. And
afore faid.
be
it
be allowed
afl'es,
in
any part of
this
ifland,
cutlafTcs,
company
pcrfon
3IO
perfon by
writing
;
him
and
if
think proper
LXXVI. And
rity aforefaid,
be
it
That
it
juftices aforefaid,
do
their feverul
when
^
martial law
happen
if
to
uf.igs,
LXXVII. And
rity aforefaid,
be
it
That
all
jurors ferving
at flave courts,
examination of any
flave
flave
or flaves, or
upon the
trial
of any
or flaves, and
who
fhall
be
all
and every
flave
and
who
in
fliall
be brought as witnefles,
rtiall
be projudicial
teled
their perfons
from
all
mefnc or
procefi whatfoevcr, in
attending at,
trial,
and
LXXVIII. And
aforefaid.
be
it
rity
That
all
at
fliall
menbe re-
how
they
*^
covered
'
3"
(hall, if
two of
and
fale
by
;
diftrefs
and, if
this ifland,
or in either
bill,
by alion of debt,
plaint,
(hall
be entered;
parifli
(hall
be to the
is
them who
fhall
fuc
/-*"
^!|
%i
>
.'i
f-
,*'.''
>:
"
"
X4
';,iiiT.
'
*,''
.
"
vl^J-/^ *
'*
';a:A..u
-,"-
^^
r i^t
i.
,.
li
.'.
'
-
ID
''"
No. n.
,i
roras
OP
fHM
JSSEMBLT
of
JAMAICA.
in the council-
chamber i and
fpeech
}
was ordered
**
*
to
is
as follows
Gentlemen of the
''-a -
as-
The urgency
me under
The
unfortunate
the
infurreiion
place
among
Maroons of Trelawney-Town
the
.
,
immediate caufe of
my now
aflembling you.
:.
'
.r
;
-*
t
-,
"Thefc
(
*'
313
mo 3.
daring
afts of unprovoked
** I
hoftiljty
hat
undoubtedly
anarchy and
.*
to
throw
this
confuGon.
** I
before
you
The
evidence contained
marks, in a
ftrong manner, the defigns, the progr?fs, and the expe61ations of the enemy, in fomenting internal
com,;.
:
motion.
'*
.,,.'
,,.,,
,;.
:,
;.,
By
ralfing a rebellion
and
we have
-
obtained thereof
'
is
truly fortunate,
>
precipitate
the
for,
had
and thofe of
dominion
would have
mud
have fubmitted
now
exercifed in feveral
of the windward
Thc
3M
, t
The
fcgular manceuvres.
jA
The
troops
now occupy
;
the MrvFoon
their country
difl;ril
j
their
towns,
faftnellcs rugr^ed
only as u band cf
iZit^
:
!7.^-.
The
infurrcdlion has
now
gree, the
form of a
,
local
difturbancc
and
it
will
deferve yonr
tutes
mod
fo
ferious confideration,
whether fh
may be
and cincJent
povve.r
hands of government,
s%
Mr.
S*feaker,
as2
SEMBLYj'to
"' I
J 'i^!
w.^,'S.
But
as
of
you
may
of
require.
./
Gentlemen
sembly,
the council,
^y ^i^tH-
L^i.a
1,33.
:
as-
:<
When
.
pre.-
govern^
3'5
foclal
government founded on
religion,
rfifults
order, morality,
and
you
will
to you,
and
this, I truft,
.1
mity
will maintain.
-^v
" Qreat
and every
vigilance
is
required, at this
moment,
to
may
appear.
.,
r
It
is
have entered
I
now meet
gives
me
It
I
and the
I
that in
them he
is
poflefll'd
am
enemy.
.
* ,
.
'
'
"
'.7.
1)1 11
,,^
y.;.;V:!^
,;
lo
jf;)
/,:_.
w4
**
The
glorious
the recent
advantages obtained
the impending afpecl
ifland
and
the
general
of
our
11^
affairs, in
may
fairly lead
**
\.]\?
mary
bleflings
which we
..
iilulUiour,
houfe of
..'.>,
Haiiover,
3i<J
HanoTcr,
and
I congratulate
you
on an event
fcappinefs,
'
* *<
'^
'"
-i;
^p> -'^
"
'
;'
:
.\"
"; ^V;
"'
his
Governor
and
is
lift:
m.
1.
Maroons of Trelawney-Town.
3.
lawney
tendant.
Maroon Town,
r;
to
the buperin-
j:
5.
.
Maroon Town
to
Samuel Vaughan,
efquire, to his
6, Letter
*|
No. 8.
(
iVc?.
317
8. Letter
St.
James to his
from
the
efquire, to his
vernor.
10. Letter
Lewis Cuthbert,
11. Letter
Lewis Cuthbert,
12. Letter
rro
Maroon Town
Governor.
13. Letter
Lewis Cuthbert,
Tre-
15. Extract
..il
Maroon Town.
m!
5. Depofition of
7.
Leah
Fletchall.
18.
V
iii^d
Vaughan,
efquire.
.^
N:*
l_^^^
^,j^
22.
i
Extra^ of
fqi*rc
a letter
hafe
,^^
to
Thomas Harper,
%
Mil
Moranfon.
Ml
.iM
^0.
.'
t.
C
^i/ta^'*'^i*A
318
No.
I.
Letter
from
James
to
his
homut
the Lieutenant-Governor.
My LORD,
.
,.
"
W^
^fs forry to
inform your
is
lordfliip,
that a
likely to
break out
immeThey
;
neareft them,
i
and of
all
on
them
all
women
between
cattle
this
and
their children
who may
be an incumbrance.
The
chief of this
j
we
liave
in evidence
from various
individuals
we
Since
from the
they
magiftrates to them,
anfwer to a
propofal
made, was
fent them,
it ;
and
we
morning to
difficulty
but your
lordfliip
1 .
^
I
**
We
have difpatched a
;
letter to
General Palmer,
out two companies of militia, for the immediate protelion of the plantations in the neighbourhood,
and
we
"I0M*
Mr.
3*9
""
Mr. Vaughan
alfo
zxprefs to Colonel
Swaby, Cuflos of
a<Slion,
and
to
;
inform
and
lias
company
of the light
duty,
'
,
" The'
immediate caufe of
this difturbance
was the
on two Maroons,
i.iik<j(^
-0
i<
" Since
this
their boundaries,
Town
but
attack
till
to-morrow or
by fome
Monday, when
parllh
;
it
will
.tlE
3fi
smx
"
nil
'^^'^
\,
"
We have
**
my lord,
le
*=
'^*
otedient hum'
J.
fervanis,
Wm. Duncan,
,
Robt. James,
Geo. M'Lenan,
...^
Sam. Vaughan,
////c;",
"
';!
"Don. Campkell,
Ingram.
320
**
p.
S,
We
;|r
<
tj^c.
^e,**
**
James
to
the
Maroonf
"^r"^"*"""'"
four of the
ofTrelawneyTown,
St.
*The magiftntes of
James ptopofc
to fend
oldefl: juftices, to
Ma-
to
.;u;
DfiN.
Campbell*
John Perry.
*<The four
lonel James,
it is poffible
No,
jiftf'voei'
2'
.J.
and they
Mr. Crafkell
up here
at
all.
moment
rejl.
on Monday.
**
an anfwer.
will wait
till
"They
if
Monday, nine
o'clock j
and
.V
iclve$."'
t
lO
(
tfc
321 No.
4.
Mo"
Thomas
Cra/keiif e/quiref
the Superin-
A
*
'
I'
r\
The Maroons
}
for
it is
is
good.
They have
Mr.
the buGnefs
upon
bay to-day,
at
they do not
it is
from the
They have ftopped me up here, as you let me know before you went away; but I
they will
let
did not
fuppofe
me go on Monday;
^
'
fcvere with
me.
*
John Merody.
**
Thomas
Crajkell, efquire"
No,
Letter
5.
'
from Thomas Crojkell^ efquiret Sttperintendatit of Trelawney Maroon Towny to Samuel J^aughan, efquire,
one of the
*
..
Sir,
letter
Your
of the i6th
moforry to
am
The Maroons,
*
came
322
came
to teil
me
this
morning, that
mufl; fend
aad
me
town
and further,
come
to
be amicably fettled
impoflible, after
but
am
it
make my excufe
their letter
loft.
;
the
but
am
my
fervices
is
thought
necetTary.
were quiet
I
There
.
are feveral
-,
-
Maroons now
* I
Martha-Brae.
v;
n Your
,r"
-f
'
am
at prefent
Sam. Vaughati,
efquire^*
/'',..*
No. 6,
Letter
"'l''^'
frcm James Stewart, t/quirtf one of the MagiJlrates of Tnlawneyi to hn honour the Lieutenant'*
Governor,
**
*i
;*
:,i
UtA
-s:^
am
confequence of fcvcral
t
,'
received
on Saturday
laft
^-
(
lafl:
323
)
St. James'Sy
Maroons being
notice given
Trelawney
were collected in
numerous a body
as the (hort
them
would allow
mouth
which
yefterday
is
diltant
morning to Mr. Atherton's penn, about three miles from the Maroon
a Maroon, carrying his
Town, where
afternoon.
lance,
Shortly
a letter,
which he delivered
it
j
to the Cuftos,
Mr. Tharp.
The
purport of
required
i I
ii
viz, the
efquires,
and myfelf.
We
their
town
former
Superintendant,
efquire
}
and
John
Mowat,
our entrance
into the
fighting.
town evolutions
peculiar to their
firft
mode of
gated
a fplrit of violence,
which was
cm-
have in-
as grievances
to relinquifli,
on condition that the gentlemen prefent would confider themfelves pledged to obtain redrefs for
what
y>%i
Y2
324
was
But
at the
fame
tiitid
Under
fuch circumftances,
deliberation.
little
We
therefore thought
at the inftant,
by
fatisfiedj
but
to
Mr.
Crafkell's re-
night,
month
Seeing an
them,
we
quitted the
town about
fix
o'clock in the
Mr.
(Bell).
We
;
have had no
;
this
morning
therefore I
is
fuppofe
they will
continue
(lill
quiet
exid;
this
but
my
own
opinion, as Alarms
in
the
minds of
people.
<' I
.'
'
.
*'
Your
lorddiip's refpedlful
humble
fervant,
^
*
.
James Stewart.
I
"9^.
** J^Jg^-'(
Bofiouralif JinrJ
Ba/tnmj, ^f.
iJc.
^c"
325
the
Afaroo?is of
Trelaivney
Towny made
this
\f)th
of Julyy
I795
ward
who
fent to
convey the
nuijli
of the Maroons
'
to
have a conference
;
with thfm*
^^
. ,
'
'
,_
'
,
.-..,_
I.
They complain
of certain
111
treatment faffbred
by two of their young men, by a whipping inflicted on them at Montego-Bay by the hands of a flave
(ordered by magillrates)
j
1^1,
which they
fay
is
an in-
.,'!;
2.
originally by the
fufficient to afford
from the
ifland
an additional quantity o
of Meflrs.
fuit
them
and
now Re;
-rt
Kenyon, would
of Captain
Superintendant appointed to
;
mm
I.
Maroon Town
is
not
*,
when
the young
men
"^3
;
cuces,
325
jfcnces,
for fafety
tion
he appears frightened, and runs to his houfe ; and as they have experienced the difpofiabilities
and
ment
to the office,
-.
c.^^*^
No.
Letter
7.
from
James
to
his
honour the
,
.
Lieutenant'Govermr,
'
My
LORD,
Momego-Bay, 2JjlJuly,i795.
" There
who went
at the
deH^e
of the magiftrates of
complaints
the dif-
fettle
From
asfoUows;
*
.u^.-
law
iliould
.^;.
^r-
That
ilie laft
be altered, in refpcA to
....
That
their Superintendant
their
fiiould
be removed,
That an
made
'
;
to their land.'
this
fuch
327
(hip in
part,
legifl.iturc,
it
leaving
to the
time of a general peace for feme plan and meafures to be purfued, which
will, in future, fecure the
country
this
body of people.
"
It
was the
to
recommend
whom
it
may
as
it
does not
removal
is
to comply,
in this inftance,
have
**
We
have
juft
n
X,
am
men
make
their beft
acknowledgments
from
"
my lord,
Your
iordlhip's
*<
moft obedient,
And
"J. PAI.MrR.
is'c, is^i;
i^c'*
Y4
No.
3.
(
tu.
3^8
Letter
'?
from
\.^
the Cujios
of
St.
James
to his
honour the
Lieutenant' Governor^
V
'*
My
LORD,
**
News
in
doubts of the
vire
are
we
th'^refore
recommend your
lordfliip to re-appoint,
with
among
body,
we
sre
wc
we beg
leave to
among them,
to cncou-p
but in
make them
fenfible,
we hope
your
h*ght
lordfliip will
fee
dragoons
a
till
" From
n
have
now
the
honour
to foiWitfl
With
to be,
great confidcration,
my lord,
obedient,
fcrvant,
Your
lordfliip's mofl:
*
Ri^lt Honourable Earl
J.
Palmer.
ilfc,"
(
'"
3^9
No. 9.
''"
'
vy,
Letter
LieU"
tenant'Governnr,
"
*'
My
LORP,
July, 1795.
The
late difturbance in
me from the honour of addreffing your lordfhip earlier on the fubjeft j and although I avail myfelf of this
late opportunity, I truft
it
will receive
your lordfhip's
cxcufe,
**
of the magiftrates
of difcontent, of rebellion;
trifling caufes
(late
it
and
am
as
might appear to
their
fome, that
part,
on Monday
'^^heir
prefent Superin-
town
and indeed,
is a
I believe,
from what
undenland,
that he
man
one that
requires.
is
will
make them
when
occafion
Major James,
j
their
former Superintendant,
his
their idol
re-appointment
laft
He
:
town
hoftilities.
As Mr.
fliip
whom we
here will
fo,
a repetition
at
be unneceiTary
but
we
judged
this period,
when our
captured
#
ifc.^
330
crews, that,
it
if
an account of
hoftilitles
were known,
would be
and therefore
v/e
judged
although the
three hundred,
command of
forcible
at
upon us
recommend an accom-
To>morrow
(hall
fleet
from
this
conceived to be
,
my
lordlhip that I
am, MY LORD,
the utmoft refpeft,
" With
'
>
'
**
'"
fervant,
"JohnTharp.
*
^c, ^c.
ts^c"
No. 10.
Letter
from
Ifaac
Lafcelles
Whiriy
efqtitre^
to
Lewis
Cuthbertf ifquire,
.
"
<*
DfAR
SIR,
my
now
fent
which
331
he has
left
open for
my
pcru^il,
and
defired
me
to
me
we As
parted
lafl:
<<
it
mud
(Irike
Vaughan mentions, of
totally
Maroons being
in queft
aflaflinate
him,
is
peaceable appearance
and
if
the
latter
mud
I thinic it
may
B
my
Maroon
lands
which
affords
:
me
is
opportunity
He
an ignorant
There
is,
I believe,
no doubt
Maroors
dillurbance, Craikell;
which Love,
days fince.
the whole,
i|
we knew
fix
Upon
this
cloud
it
feems difperfing,
without producing
neverthclefs,
it
the
ftorm
once threatened
ment ; we
live
amongft
and a few
in a blaze.
The
exis
"I
juft
now
fct
our negroes
evil
inten-
332
)
is
their people is
made
the
up arm89
it is
certain
However,
it
feems
may
be derived
be availed of;
way
part,
that (hall
feem
to be gracious concefTions
on
our
It is better
many unimportant
one
it
(hould mifs of
ideas
falutary fuggeftion
this fubje^,
will put
down my
on
liberty of troubling
you
with them by
poft.
r,
.
ii'
am,
in great hafte,
Lewis Cuthbert,
efquiriy Spanijb-Totvn^*
#-.,
No, II.
Letter from Samuel Vaugharty e/quire, to Lenvis Cuthbert^
efquire,
<
Dear
sir,
The
affair
of the Maroons
It
of fo
much conlittle
deferves a
pains
knowledge of
it,
and
little
This
letter
then would
require
apology,
if it
my
(
-'
333
My
hft
letter, fent
and unpleafant
accounts.
firft,
The
agreeable bufinefs.
<<
The
him
white
in a fecond reprefentation,
fired
to call the
driv^-
o flog
blamed
James.
perfon
their impertinen'
who
offended,
an excufe, that
>
and
to the town.
He fays,
if
very well
tcounts
The
ac
I dare.fay^
<'
The
letters
St. Elizabeth,
Accompong ne-
renew
-,
their
all
iwhen
by Captaia
Ofi
IttlM |Z5
1.0
tt
y^
12.2
St
12.0
I.I
IL25
III
1.4
6"
J]fl*^l::H Fhob
Sdmoes
CkirpoFBtian
4f>
^1
^
!>"<^
(
'
334
'
On
fnie
Maroons
are
kill
now
him i
who
dcfires I
would not go up
I
there, as the
Maroons
threaten
my
life.
:
cither report
but
(liall
giving
him
concerned
the lateft
him
accounts.
>>>f-
'<The
officers
fatisfied
"I
.
'.
u
r.
"
^
.
v.v
.i.,
my
letter to
"Sam. Vaughan,
will, next poft,
/wwr.
P.
S. If I
have time, I
fend you
a copy of
the agent.
" Lewis
Town.
f>
No. t2.
Letter
from Thomas
Trelaivney
-
Maroon Toivn,
Governor.
"
*^'
My
lord,
lordfliip will
Your
lately
335
this parlfli
my
power
offering
my
and thought
had 'obtained
my
objeb,
by receiving
howand
the
thirty-nine
me
to go to the whites,
;
at
fame time,
were
who had
an
accommodation,
for
am
At
this
order that
attack
we might
their part.
on
received,
on
my
;
arrival at
VaughanV field,
cepting the
accommodation propofed
and
then
I'
at the
fame time
would
cither himfelf
come
to
me
at
Vaughan's- fi-U!
officer that I
might talk
not be
to
comply
19th,
me
in anfwer,
" That
they would
tlie
me on Sunday
they
now
adding,
I
if
33<J
(if
tint
come
waited at VaughanVfield
Ma-
Vaughan had
it
wrote
lip to
him the
;
negroes), I thought
prudent
Maroon
Colonel, that 1
had
two days.
ftrength.
This
Your
lordfliip will
have
officer,
my
charaler
I
and condud):
in this bufmefs
at a
may be
cleared up.
men
of
this parifh,
on
this affair;
lordfliip
recommendation
removed.
I
to
your
fhould be
(liould
be far
country
and
if
the
meafure of
lefs
my
removal would
lefs
I fhall
in
it
but as
I h-'
j
'
nderi
left
and
as I lofl the
to
it
in
I793, to which
was
by being a half-pay
hoUling the (Nation
lieutenant, In confc'qiicnce of
my
337
I
) if
In the
Maroon town ;
my
will be
found to be the
other
afford
me fome
which
have
now been
war.
"
.
I
*
my lord,
Thos. Craskell.
tsTc.
'^
No, 13.
to
Lewis
Cuthbert,
Dear
sir,
Trelawney, but
am
whom
Maroons.
in the bufinefs, to
**
There
is
no private hiftory
proper in town.
An
on
;
I !^
Maroon towns,
Vol.
I.
particularly
of
Accompong Town,
was
ft
338
among
the monied
men
at
home*
Thefe are the motives that induce the landed intereft and great proprietors here to wifti for an accommodation
;
it
was
attainable,
by fuch
to be
trifling
recommended
*' The mode that was adopted to quiet the Maroons was unqueitionably the very beft. There is a re-
fpeftabiiity (if I
be allowed
unknown
ones
and the
fpirit
men
have
fitteft:
caufes of their
alfo
better
enabled to
Hop
it
The
which of courfe
leaves the
terms
be
may
the propriety of
it
for
HTnHBnMyiinrm
(
fot, Ihilatice
**
339
You
we
your children ;
this
our
fituation
country
we we
when
do not
people
whom we
They
they
whom
Maroons.
**
>
Had
the gentlemen
j
known,
that the
Accompong
that,
(as I
town
itfelf
was
and
more numerous
and more
hoftilities,
awe by
the fmallec
violent
my opinion,
far
worfe confequenccs
immediate
occafioned.
have, in
to
my
be
dill
gard
ivho
>\i
m-
mud
mod
likely
Z2
340
likely to
country.
alfo Is
not unufual
for,
parid'i
ment
and the
law was
in part the
ccnfequence
**
The gentlemen,
as I
mentioned In a former
letter,
punifhment or delivery
guilty of the
riot at
of the delinquents
who were
may be
required by the
Gomay be thought
to prevent
them
in future, or
alarm
*,
Major James
nothing that
may be
required of
is
will be
acceded
to.
One man
now
in irons there,
;
impertinent
exprefllon
have offered to
facrifice
fome of their
fubmiflion.
I
their
myfelf
on
fome of thefe
it,
it
people,
who
ambufh about
This makes
with
clear,
ftill
bad
that whatever
may
1%
an example to
reftrain
them, and
J^
rhink
341
think
it is
him
He
(laid at
our penn
till
as
mentioned
in
a letter I fent
was
defired
to
them,
I
till
the budnefs
<
As
open
days,
hoftility, I think it
made complaints
againft
management, although
to
I'ltr,
the negroes at
tella
Content
eitate,
in this pariHi.
Mr. Barrett
me
he goes
this
Whence
342
Whence
docs this
arife,
and
fo efTe^iual as the
Maroons?
On
examination
it
much
all
ftiort
of what you
}
may
But
allowed on
hands, as neceflary.
it
in the confideration of
re*.
Maroons brought
in the
head
fjpace
of one month.
" The
_|iavc
me
(two o'clock)
and
'Ctiftos
It is
is
juft
is
me
to
mention
it),
that
no interruption
as
fomething may,
the fettlement
favourable to
is
them.
Captain
Craflcell is at
Flamftead.
Our Cuftos
i
and
about the
he fuppofes the
Maroons, with
be
there.
You
will pleafe to
communicate
this to
his lordihip,
his
34?
t^ie
difpatchcs had
come by
after
of Spanifli
Town
With
this,
my
intended
in fal,
to prevent bills
rumors.
*
You may
forward
it
by any opportunity.
" Your
aflured
^
P.
James,
**
S.
The
&c.
Sec.
know
P.
5. I
town, when
Oh
the fourth or
left
Spanifh
Town,
in
confequence
of fatigue.
town
for, in cafe
march
to
'^^*
Lewis
Cutkbert^ efquire,"
"^ '^,-
'^^'^
No. 14.
Maroon Town,
iVW
^
,
What
is
'
.w
Z4
Is
344
"
*"
Is
it
lawney
Town
command
negroes,
neighbourhood, at pleafure?
over the
if
**
^.
How
Superintendant ?
./
yi.
**
reafon
the
Maroons of Trelawney
Town
*< 2i,
was
done
fo in a
few months*
on two Maroons,
faid, it
was a (liame
but
>
Captain Jarrett
is
one
Thomas Craskell.
.
*<
^aken andfiuorn
this
ijl
before
ttti^
;^\i; Y^'^-^
Septemberi
l^gS*
Monte^o-Bayt
'
Robert Jackson."
W..
''
'
''
.,*
No,
1-5,
345
No. 15.
.r
^i
Extras from
the
the Examination
Ajfijiant of Trelaivney
Maroon Town
taken before
Commander
in Chief at
fieldi the
<*
* -
^. Did you
to join
know
that the
Maroons had
whites?
them
^^
them
" A. That one night, (hortly before the proclamation was iflued, when the deponent was in bed, and the Maroons fuppofed him afleep, he overheard a
converfation to the effeft, that about one hundred
cftate negroes
\
to join
them.
'^i
.:
ii
^-' ,-'.>,
<*
^. Did you
ftated,
I alfo overheard
to the
amount
woods.
.^;/-,si,-
;-
(;;.,_
,v
..
,,:
^. You
Commander
in
Maroons?
^.
*
I did.
^ What
it,
it>
after they
under-
itood
,.,.,.
^.
Colo-
(
**
34<5
mended
to
and
the militia
were
fools to think of
coming
into thefe
!,
woods
\f.
^,
No.
\6.
""' The
**
Depofttlon of
Leah FUtchall.
'
'
Salth,
Mon-
coming down,
one of
this
in converfation,
cxprefilon,
curiofity
*
whom making
fent
They have
excited.
*
That
(he further
footing} here,
nothing} but
ends.
we are we will
know
how
the matter
for us to
come forward
hear
:"
above was
this
deponent could
to be only
two
colour or negroes
deponent was.
her
Leah
Sivsrn
,,
Fletchall,
before tncy
at Mott'
:i
mm'k^
iu.IV/
.fi I'i'jit
iegO'Baytthisl-jthofAu'^
_ * John Cunnincitam."
No. 17.
347
No, 17.
Mu*
Man, working as a Carpenter in Hrelaivncy J\Iaroon Town; taken at Montcgo-Bay^ the latb
'-"'^''
:
'
4uguj}, 1795.
**
faul,
they expelled to be
to begin with
\
fifty flaves
that
all
whites,
all
that one
and
James,
who was
who
was
town
did not
by
at
their battle, if
commenced
whilft the
French were
;
war with
Domingo
That they
had
for them."
No. \%,
^xiraH from
the
Man,
Totvn
i
795.
" Thu he
pelled
to
to
begin with
over the
the advanjoin
the flaves
would
them
Maroons in
348
N. 19.
4 Auguji^
nafTus
that
with
watchman belonging
\
of
Thomas Roberts
Ma-
inftant,
him with them into the woods between Samuells and Bandon ; they rethat they took
mained there
week
that then
who
to Eden,
through the
at
Mount
Eden,
went
to a fellow belonging to
Harry
;
that
Quaco
alked Harry
for
if
;
he would
join
them
Harry demanded,
what
Quaco an}
that
he
they
would
and
kill
all
that
would not
if
join
them, on which
let
they would
him go
up
that
the
not
349
re
that
powder
were going
them.
who were now fighting, not get the better of thofe who were to He fays, when he was taken. Palmer
it
the next noon, and fwear not to return to his mafter, but to go about to get people to join them;
that
James Palmer
(tay in
is
not
among
the
Maroons engaged,
i
who
took him
that they
Bandon, and
near Samueli's.
He
to have
his life
at ilake
on the
27v ahoxe
before
ev ami nation was taken this I'jth day Augujif D. Bernard juniorf and F. C. Scott.
'
'
'
^'
'
^"
'-
'
No. 20.
-'''
'
to
Samuel t^aughan^
St.
of the Alagifiratcs of
James,
and wi(h
couM
return a
its coDtetits.
to be meditating
de.ilt
of mifchief;
with Very
my
4
(
evils fo thofe
250
of St. Domingo, or the other wlnrfwarii of the weli inclined was here yefterday^
all
iflands.
One
my
the
young
much
that, unlefs
he was removed,
evils
would enfue.
It
has been reported here, that the Maroons have declared, that
if
the brigands
;
inftantly join
them
than the
vi'hite
people wifhed to
fatisfied
for
all
of us.
'
,,?
.;
<
\K
am on
but as I
mean
to fpend either at
my
friend
I
Mr. Palmer,
Rofe-Hall or Brandon-Hill,
fhould be happy
wc
In the
mean
at
time,
I will
powder, &c.
Falmouth,
to the
in fuch a
manner
as
fliall
be mofl: pri*
'
'
'
'
.
refpel;,
deau
sir,
'
morningy
13/,^
J'*h'*
^795*
t'^
Samuel Faifghcw,
efquivet St.
James,"
No. 21,
351
No. 21.
An
Examination
taken
before
the
Honourable
George
Murray, Cujhs of
the ParifJj of
Wcjlmoreland : 'John
James Lawrence^
and David
faid
ParifJj.
Thomas
" Abraham,
eftate, iu
Bog
and CufFee
That three Maroons, named Johnfon, Brown, Leflie, came to them, and ordered them
go with them
afked,
:
They
they
re-
monftrated
not
but
the
Maroons
if
did
know
;
there
Maroons
they
that backra
and
mud
However,
cut off their heads, and were armed with gun, lance,
cutlafs,
told, they
were
tired,
Quafliie, King,
immediately to the
e(late>
(
.
352
was
alfo taken
by
thenrii
but not
at the
fame time*
His evidence
fufpicious, he .was,
to gaol.
(lory,
The
and,
four
coincided exadly in
the fame
by
appearance
is
not returned.
**
My
lord,
will
" You
was your
truft to
it
permit
me
rough
it
me and
others
but as
it,
lordffiip's particular
wi(h to receive
and
to
the fubftance of
true.
"
'^
refpe(f>*
My
'
<*
it..i
Your
-
lordftiip's
V'
'
John
Lewis.**
;v^r^'*
No, 22.
U
'
Thomas Harper ^
*
efquire^
at
MontegO'Bay, dated
**
New
Torhj
is
May
iB,
795.
**
There
in
>
Jamaica ere
this reaches
General
mulatto
353
mulatto,
in
St Domingo,
declared to a gentleman
who
would be put up
in
Jamaica
this
fummer.
I left
was
which
tatives
me
for the
commandant of
At that fame
from France
One
in a veffel
arrived at
New
I
York
in all
month of
from whence
went
to Philadelphia, to fee
Republic, with
I
whom
I
at Paris.
perty of
my
wife, to Jacmel,
was the
(hould
at the
commandant of
until the
that place
I
which papers
I left
with him
I
time
we
of
His attachment
me induced him to impart with me matters of the utmod confequence, particularly what concerned JaI
I.
maica.
went then
to join
'
.
my
a
wife at
New
York,
after
*
'
Vol.
354
after
having
aflced of Citizen
Fauchet
to procure
me
d*irel
At
New
York, I
enquired for
execute
my
want of fuch an opportunity, together vi^ith the terror which had been infpired to me refpeding Hifpaniola,
induced
me
and begged
had
left
with him,
telling
him,
fent,
by the way
who undertook
and and
returned to Philadelphia
about,
we
learnt
the
arreftation
Santhonax,
Having returned
to Philadelphia, Citizen
Fauchet
told
many men
under a pre-
me
at
New
it.
At the end of
few days,
to
my
certain
who
fpoke Englifli,
man
of colour,
who was
then a prlfoner in
New
mad man,
in a fchooner to
come
to Kingfton,
and
Citizen Fauchet
came
.1
to
New
had
He
J
come
355
come
to him.
he had
It
juft received
was ordered
;
of provifions
ready, at
Cape Fran9ois,
and bar-
racks}
it
CommifTary
Hugues
fent three
men
of colour,
to
who
fpoke Englifli,
iflands
Citizen Fauchet at
there, they
him
came
New York
him.
delivered
their
packets to
One
of thefe three,
who might
man,
on which came my
amongft
whom was
an Englifli
man
of colour, and
Conful UArcumbal.
after,
the
New
;
York,
and brought
to
me
a letter from
my
wife
and fome
many
corn
One
the chiefs of
lali
Maroon
negroes.
arrived at
New
to
York twelve
the
men
of
colour,
the prifon-fhip
was prefent
when
came
"
Aa
paflport
.*.
35<5
>
Britiih govcr^jment,
paffport for
them
all,
from the
men
of colour embarked, to
for Jamaica,
New York
two of
my knowwhom are
This
called Laptaine,
who
to Granville.
my
arrival
at Kingfton, that
to the
certainly there,
(hortly be an infurretion.
it,
from the
friendfliip
which
fubfifls
between Fauchet
in
conBdence communicnted to
me
and
fifty
in confequence, fearing.
it
fome accident
to
for
my
wife, I thought
my
duty
come
her back
immediately to
New
am
York.
letter
alfo
declare, that
brought to Granville a
tfsnts
of which I
I
which ja
brought.
fet forth
were known to
him
or
known him
before, he
came
to
my
lodgings in
Kingfton
at different times,
when
his converfation
and
of
this
it
as unavoidis
able.
know,
that the
Count La^tte
the
who
of the
refides;
New
York, and
is
appointed
affairs
and
3S7
) to
Mr. Lafitte
durin}'
New
York
and
when he
was
two Mr.
kept
at
New
to three
him
for
whom
he
much,
bbirij^
hi^
;
countrymen,
that
and
Iiad
he Had
of faid
name
know
to
my
certain'
dejiarture
from
New
went
to
at Philadelphia:
He had
of th6
of,'
greateft
being communicated to
me
beeti^
to
frigate, with feme other come from France, which, in their Wayi went Newfoundhnd, there to burn the Brltiih v^^Is'
they could
find
there
which
frigate
and
vefleU'
all
he
')
men
In the
commu-
it
was
fail
'
358
tfieir firft
objet
was
;
to fend to
all
make
Before
my
me
departure from
New York
to Phila:
delphia, 1
He
;
delivered to
give
me
he acknowledged
me,
of Sep-
to France,
that the
French were to
'
<
Ktsgiloo,
all
twp
AH
the above
Had
me
the
Faudbet.
In cafe the
Britifli
be
f^tiafied
i]oyfelf to leave
my
value, of
which amounts
livres,
at lead to
[
twenty thoufand
fhall
French
as a depofit, until
all
fend from
New York
be required
every and
;
may
it
me
to take
inftru^l:
fail
them out of
the govern-
the regifters.
engage to
ment, by
all
from
New
York
the
and. Philadelphia, of
i^,'.<
I
what
359
by which means
I (hall con
aii
nation, that I
am
not
enemy
to
**
N. B. There
will be
found a contradiction in
my
iirft
friendfliip
myfelf; which
required
is
it.
my
intereft
am am
but, admitting
he were
means to
may
had during
my
(lay in
Though my
opinion
may be
my
children,
me
In (hort,
oblige myfelf to
(hall
do whatever
the
Britiih
government
Printed by A. Strahan,
Printers Street,