Classical Conditioning of Pavlovs method

One of the best-known aspects of behavioral learning theory is classical conditioning. Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus -In Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the neutral signal was the sound of a tone and the naturally occurring reflex was salivating in response to food. By associating the neutral stimulus with the environmental stimulus (the presentation of food), the sound of the tone alone could produce the salivation response. (=Speichelfluss Antwort) The Unconditioned Stimulus The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response. For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, the smell of the food is the unconditioned stimulus. The Unconditioned Response The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus. In our example, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response. The Conditioned Stimulus The conditioned stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. In our earlier example, suppose that when you smelled your favorite food, you also heard the sound of a whistle. While the whistle is unrelated to the smell of the food, if the sound of the whistle was paired multiple times with the smell, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response. In this case, the sound of the whistle is the conditioned stimulus. The Conditioned Response The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. In our example, the conditioned response would be feeling hungry when you heard the sound of the whistle.

1. Before Conditioning As Pavlov observed his dog he found out that there should be a stimulus present which can automatically trigger a reflexive response (US > UR). Since no learning is involved in the relationship between that stimulus and the corresponding response, both the stimulus and response are considered unconditioned. In the experiment, US is the food, which reflexively triggers UR, salivation. In addition, before conditioning occurs NS must also be presented to the organism. In the picture, when the tuning fork (NS) is rung, no salivation occurs. 2. During Conditioning When conditioning is initiated, the neutral stimulus will be presented together with the unconditioned stimulus. As shown in the image, the tuning fork (NS) is presented with the food (US), causing salivation (UR). With the repeated presentation of this pairing, the organism will learn to create a connection between NS and US. 3. After Conditioning After conditioning, US becomes CS and UR become CR, as they are both products of the process of conditioning. Just ringing the tuning fork, without even encountering the food, the dog salivates. Although conditioning is a type of learning, it is said that there are no new behaviors learned. What is learned is the connection between the two stimuli.

Brave New World How Chidren are Conditioned

The society in Brave New World does very gruesome things to condition their infants to not only accept their (the infants) status in society, but love their status also. After the egg has become an embryo, the Bokanovskys Process of separating the embryo into eight to ninety-six of the exact same embryo. This process of course will affect the mental ability of the adult when the embryo develops. The Bokanovskys Process of division was only used for Gammas, Epsilons, and Deltas; the Alphas and Betas mental ability had to be high. In the stage where, the embryos become fetuses and the fetuses become babies, many things are used to affect the growing babies. First, those who are destined to become Gammas or Deltas or Epsilons, are given less oxygen when they grow, thus making them have low mental capabilities. Also those who are meant to work in a specific area with a specific climate are exposed to that climate more often. Also the growing babies are given immunities while growing. Finally when the babies are born and growing up, more conditioning is applied. They are conditioned to like or dislikes things through pain, an example from is that, the people would shock the babies with a very painful electricity when they are around flowers, so they will hate nature. Of course, this I applied many times to the infants before they finally will hate nature. And the last step of conditioning is when the children are asleep. They condition the children with hynopdia. The people conditioning the kids, making then believe that society wants them to believe. This is all very freaky to me.