Khatod Mohinder Garh

On

MOBILE CHARGER
Submitted To
HARYANA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHANDIGARH. IN THE PARACTICAL FULFILLMENT OF DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND COMM.

2009-2012 PROJECT LAB INCHARGE Mr. SURENDER

SUBMITTED BY:
RISHI DEV JAGEET : 0913710042 : 0913710018 KRISHAN KUMAR : 0913710020 SANJEET : 0913710074

VINAY KUMAR : 0913710056

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009- 2012

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009 - 2012

CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the project MOBILE CHARGER is being submitted successfully in proper condition by: RISHI DEV KRISHAN KUMAR JAGEET SANJEET VINAY KUMAR : 0913710042 : 0913710020 : 0913710018 : 0913710074 : 0913710056

VIth Semester electronics and communication students in 2009 to 2012 in partial fulfillment of the requirement at P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod M/Garh for the award of diploma of Electronics and Communication Engineering.

Project Lab Incharge : Mr. Surender

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009 - 2012

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009- 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our hearty thanks to Mr. Yashpal Yadav for their valueable guidance and pains taken during the course of this project work. Their keen interest and constant encouragement gave us strength, confidence to complete the project. They were always liberal and front role playing person while the course of project.

We also thank that power was with us all the time and made us able to do it. That was the one who held our tools in his hand and worked with us.

We extend our hearty thanks to all the staff members of Electronics and Communication Department for their cooperation.

We are also thankful to all friends who directly or indirectly helped us during the completion of the project.

We also thank to all our family members without whose cooperation we could not have done it.

We dedicate this project to the heavenly power the almighty that plays the most important role in our life.

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-2012

CONTENTS

1. Introduction 2. Working Principle 3. Circuit Details 4. Details of Components 5. Circuit Diagram of MOBILE CHARGER 6. Tools Required & Instruments 7. Precautions 8. Bibliography 9. Conclusion

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009- 2012

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-2012

INTRODUCTION

The charging protocol depends on the size and type of the battery being charged. Some battery types have high tolerance for overcharging and can be recharged by connection to a constant voltage source or a constant current source; simple chargers of this type require manual disconnection at the end of the charge cycle, or may have a timer to cut off charging current at a fixed time. Other battery types cannot withstand long high-rate over-charging; the charger may have temperature or voltage sensing circuits and a microprocessor controller to adjust the charging current, and cut off at the end of charge. A trickle charger provides a relatively small amount of current, only enough to counteract self-discharge of a battery that is idle for a long time. Slow battery chargers may take several hours to complete a charge; high-rate chargers may restore most capacity within minutes or less than an hour, but generally require monitoring of the battery to protect it from overcharge. Electric vehicles need high-rate chargers for public access; installation of such chargers and the distribution support for them is an issue in the proposed adoption of electric cars. Most mobile phone chargers are not really chargers, only power adapters that provide a power source for the charging circuitry which is almost always contained within the mobile phone.[15] They are notoriously diverse, having a wide variety of DC connector-styles and voltages, most of which are not compatible with other manufacturers' phones or even different models of phones from a single manufacturer.

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-2012

Users of publicly accessible charging kiosks must be able to cross-reference connectors with device brands/models and individual charge parameters and thus ensure delivery of the correct charge for their mobile device. A databasedriven system is one solution, and is being incorporated into some designs of charging kiosks. Mobile phones can usually accept a relatively wide range of voltages, as long as it is sufficiently above the phone battery's voltage. However, if the voltage is too high, it can damage the phone. Mostly, the voltage is 5 volts or slightly higher, but it can sometimes vary up to 12 volts when the power source is not loaded. There are also human-powered chargers sold on the market, which typically consists of dynamo powered by a hand crank and extension cords. There are also solar chargers. China, the European Commission and other countries are making a national standard on mobile phone chargers using the USB standard.[16] In June 2009, 10 of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed a Memorandum of Understanding to develop specifications for and support a micro USBequipped common External Power Supply (EPS) for all data-enabled mobile phones sold in the EU. On October 22, 2009, the International Telecommunication Union announced a standard for a universal charger for mobile handsets

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009- 2012

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009- 2012

WORKING
Mobile chargers are kind of power supply units that use the Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) technology. To understand the working phenomenon of a mobile charger, we need to understand the concept of Power Supply Unit (PSU). PSU is a device that transfers electrical energy from one end to another by changing its fundamental characteristics according to the requirements. Example of a PSU is an application that converts AC mains voltage to regulated DC voltage. PSUs can be of two types depending on the mode of operation Linier and Switching. In these switching mode chargers, energy transfer is done by continuously switching electrical components (inductor, capacitor, etc) on and off. We can control the output voltage/current by varying the duty cycle, frequency or the corresponding phase. Using the SMPS technology makes the chargers smaller and lighter by elimination of low frequency transformers. It also presents a greater efficiency than the conventional methods which uses bulky transformers. The AC supply first enters through the line filters in the charger. Line filters are the kind of electronic filters that are placed between an electronic device and an external line to alter/attenuate the electromagnetic interference effect. Now filtered signal are made to pass through the full wave bridge rectifier circuit. Rectifier converts the AC voltage to DC. Output DC voltage from rectifier circuit passes through the PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit which operates power circuits at their maximum efficiency. Further the voltage signal is transferred to the pulse transformer that is a special type of transformer optimized to produce rectangular electrical pulses. Pulse transformers are categorized into two categories power and signal transformers. The one used here is a power transformer. It reduces the voltage level of the input power and gives a low voltage power that is exactly required to charge the battery.

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009- 2012

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-2012

Circuit Diagram

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-2012

Circuit Description
Mobile phone chargers available in the market are quite expensive. The circuit presented here comes as a low-cost alternative to charge mobile telephones/battery packs with a rating of 7.2 volts, such as Nokia 6110/6150.

Circuit Operation: The 220-240V AC mains supply is down-converted to 9V AC by transformer T1. The transformer output is rectified by BR1 and the positive DC supply is directly connected to the chargers output contact, while the negative terminal is connected through current limiting resistor R2. D2 works as a power indicator with R1 serving as the current limiter and D3 indicates the charging status. During the charging period, about 3 volts drop occurs across R2, which turns on D3 through R3. An external DC supply source (for instance, from a vehicle battery) can also be used to energies the charger, where R4, after polarity protection diode D5, limits the input current to a safe value. The 3-terminal positive voltage regulator LM7806 (IC1) provides a constant voltage output of 7.8V DC since D1 connected between the common terminal (pin 2) and ground rail of IC1 raises the output voltage to 7.8V DC. D1 also serves as a power indicator for the external DC supply. After constructing the circuit on a veroboard, enclose it in a suitable cabinet. A small heat sink is recommended for IC1.

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

Components list
List of Parts: R1 = 1K R2 = 47R R3 = 10R R4 = 47R C1 = 1000uF-25V D1 = LEDs any color D2 = LEDs any color D3 = LEDs any color D4 = 1N4007 D5 = 1N4007 IC1 = LM7806 T1 = 9VAC X former 250mA BR1 = Diode bridge 1A

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

Block Diagram

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

INSTRUMENTS & TOOLS REQUIRED

The following tools/instruments / raw materials are used in making the project Mobile Charger . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Soldering Iron Stripper Cutter (Tool) Combination Plier (Tool) Screw Driver (Tool) Tester etc. (Tool) Soldering wire (Raw Material ) Soldering paste (Raw Material ) Digital & Analog Multimeter (Instruments)

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2011

FAULT FINDING
Cell phone charging problems are pretty easy to detect. The quickest way is to watch the phone go into charging mode. Most clamshell phones will superimpose a "Battery Charging" symbol over the main screen. Some phonesincluding smart phones-indicate charging status with a light. Whichever type of phone you have, you should at least have a symbol appear where your battery level icon sits. If none of the above actions happen, you may have a cell phone charging problem. Two common problems are faulty cords or broken charging ports. Figuring out why a cord or port won't charge a phone is harder and may require a professional technician to repair. If no indicators appear it's quite possible the charging cord is bad. If you suspect a bad port, try wiggling the portion that connects to the phone. The phone may switch over from charging to not charging repeatedly; this is an indication the port may be bad.

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

Procedure For Battery Charging

Connect the charger to a main socket and insert the charging plug into the right-side socket of the phone in the proper direction. The phone will display " " and start charging after it is properly connected. The battery icon will display the charging process visually. When switched off, the phone will display the charging process visually. When the phone battery is fully charged, the charging process stops automatically and the battery icon indicates a full grid on the screen. After the battery is fully charged, please unplug the phone as soon as possible and take off the charging plug.

Note:
1. After the phone has run out of battery, we recommend you recharge in time. 2. To ensure safety, do not change the parts and accessories of the battery by yourself or take off the battery shell. 3. We suggest you only use the original battery supplied with your phone by our company to avoid any damage to your phone. 4. The temperature range for charging the phone is 0-40. Do not charge the battery in too high or too low temperatures.

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

PRECAUTIONS
Switch off the phone in the vicinity of chemical plants, gas stations and other locations containing explosive objects. Keep the phone far away from children. When driving, please use the hands free calling device (purchased separately) to ensure safety. Switch off the phone when boarding an aeroplane and do not switch the phone on during the flight. Be careful when using the mobile phone in the vicinity of such devices as pacemakers, hearing aids and other electro-medical equipment, which may be interfered by the mobile phone. No guarantee for the accessories and parts not produced by the original factory. Never attempt to disassemble the phone by yourself. Contact the supplier in case of any trouble with your mobile phone. Do not recharge the phone without battery being installed. Charge the phone in well-ventilated environment and keep away from inflammable and high explosive articles. To avoid demagnetization, keep the handset away from magnetic substances, such as magnetic discs or credit cards. Keep the phone away from liquid. If soaking or erosion occurs, take the battery out and contact the supplier.

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session2009-12

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

Bibliography

1.Electronics for you

2.Digital Electronics 3.Electronics Communication System

B.P.B.Publication Gulati George Kennedy

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12

P.R.B.S. College of Polytechnic, Khatod Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engg. Major Project Session 2009-12
CONCLUSION

Again we are thankful to those who guided us during the process of making such a nice project. We gained a wonderful experience and deep practical knowledge about this project. This small project has cleared all our concepts about circuit tracing and fitting of components on the board. We also came to know the working of different instruments and make it .