Dictionary of Terms of Declension

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136 îvaJI ^Jl 26 A^lâJI
GENERAL INDEX
1
PREFACE
Page A to T
"\
- ARABIC -ENGLISH
Page r
LEXICON
colored pages
to T
TECHNICAL STUDY on
Page T
><K
to
TAA
4 -
ENGLISH-ARABIC LEXICON
Page 26 to 136
- INSTRUCTIONS
Page 6 to 25
FOR USE
^JîM
PREFACE
s2J3>M
jjNi ~u>y '^j^>3
J^-
j^^>
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^j*"
j*^
siji* j^*
<Ji
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i~u>j*
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j*
jjS'JuJI
jUl
j>jcJIj
aJUI iU-j^Jlj
ijj^-^J
Lg-LJL*J
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SiLJJ ^*JU
i_^[
*-lij
<ji
^ji
<,
^yJ'
lb
ajIaj
lst^"^"
IsjlSJI
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^r**J
J-
LgJ
(j-** (j-fj-^' t->*lyiJI i_A~Ua^)l -k-~> o' i<J
_y
cJJJaJI
IJl
cJî US'
.^J5" yLJI
JUj U^ oULl
oNUJ J>(Jip
iUi| ^îs;
JS"
ji-l
^^l jj>
iJlj Zs~yb~0\
JL*
jjfij
oNTJi Jjf
dJLu>
0|
Jjj
XJLS"
^
t
l!~- v'j*^'
Sjl-S"
*^C3
t5
<Uw?
oLS"js-
ij!>U
^j*"
j^-^'
j*"'
ls^
^*"
'^J o[
.~* j*y>
iUaj
(quiescence)
^j Oj^j
) :
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
The notion of the
to
universality
of Arabic
grammar
book
:
first
occurred
me
during the composition of
my
first
Dictionary of
is
Arabic Arabic
Grammar
grammar
in
Charts
and
an
Tables.
That
for
dictionary
an
written
by
Arab
author
an
Arab
reader
according to a scientific arrangement of the matter to be taught. The
obvious next step was to lead the foreign reader to an analogous

cultural experience.
The
give
clarity,
its
lucidity,
and precision of the Arabic and

syntax
a
right
language
certainly
morphology
to
universality,
provided that the sources of the terminology and the
intention of the
grammarian
are
not lost
in
the
transfer
in this
from one
language to another. Universality, as understood

to extend Arabic grammatical nomenclature to
all
book, aims
all
languages and
men.
The
sists
first
demonstration on the way towards generalization consituations
in
resolving the
of declension (v"'j
*)"
^"^
*"
wherein
conventional
symbols
placed
at
the
in
end
of
each
word
indicate a diversity of meanings.
There are
Arabic three vowels
u {Z>J>), a
(î),
(oj-~^)'
and an anti-vowel, the quiescence
(6jkl). The
that
presence of one of them at the end of a word gives

its
word
a grammatical function over and above
own meaning.
\\
j*uj ^wiu. ^*. a^.y

.
ijr
^
^yj*
.
.i*ujij tsijoî iiUjj tijsm

J*i*ii
'-A*
<w*aJi ^^û; ji *-*
C^
~o\
:
Oj^j
Ulue-
^11 ^_pJ
Til
5V^ll
(regula) 'iJ&
"{j-*j-^
p~J\ 1)U-
j!
f_y^JI ^Sll
>
II*
-ij t( regular)
L^LJLii
...^Jl
l_L_j_i;
^1
ilj
ol&.l
t
^J
(regulator)
regularity
0%ii
jy
JSwj
ols-jj*j iiUI dili
Liu
(^âdl
itf>MI OUJJI
.u^J ysj
.
y toy jîiJI y
llLo
t
l$J
oLil
js-
liiiui
Lais-
(/)
Lîi)
Sj~JI
alj
(reduction)
y
J
^^f^
J>JJl-
li
iU>JI
y
*
l$J
SJU,
>JI
OÛ ^1
)
^^ >T
st
I
-*
i.
Lt-jz~~*
yli
jjhj
cw> y*
i^JLJI
quiescence
Uj^-J
J&.l
J*iJI
j*JI
^1
ô2ll
J^*
>T
(Vowel u, ending
in k, regularity) in a,
in
i,
*kf,
*-y]p
^ _
>
(Vowel a, ending
(Vowel
i,
openness)
reduction)
H~Uj
L>_>iiLo
Ska _
ending
î- <."jjJ>C> <.Z~JJi
_ f
- i
(Quiescence, elided ending, elision)
*jk
fjj^<>
o^
of
Endings
word,
in
(w)
and
are
reserved
for
normal situations of the

that
is is
for primacy,
for action.
is,
Any word
not under some

lifted
syntactic influence [jhat
when such
influence
it
(H-jSy)
from
it J,
should end
in
the vowel u.
Thus
8
is
the regular
\{j*y)
]
ending, or the situation of regularity
(f*j)
The word Cregula
in
Latin allows interesting possibilities in derivation: regular

regularity
\fyy),
(*i~j)
regulator
(,*i!j),
etc.
The vowel a
for
(*c>cj)
is
above
all
an open vowel, and

,
it
is
used
situations of openness
(L1a>)
thereby enriching the language
with
supplementary
explications.
The vowel
languages
of the
''<
i
( j
presents
close
resemblances to other
{
in that its
It
pronunciation necessitates a reduction

at
uoa^)
of
lips.
concretizes
the
end
it
of the
a
noun
situations
in
reduction
Cyr) which
there
is
establish
for
dependency
meaning.
Finally
silence
the
quiescence
(j^l),
eloquent
by
its
very
for
evoking at the end

is,
of the verb the
action
of cutting
(*kS) that
elision
(fj>-).
In
sum
u,
- Vowel Vowel - Vowel -
ending
in
u, regularity
\*j
2' ('r**'
t
<-f\3
> j* i<w~<>;
1
2
3
a, ending In a,
/,
openness
reduction
'Vj^
i
t.**^*)
-~
<
s-
"
ending
in
/,
yr
jlj^*
j~i
~<r
\
)
Quiescence, elided ending, elision
VfJ^ 'fJJ>*
declension,
^j>-j
absent
This
Interpretation
of
situations
of
though
from the vocabulary of the orientalists, nonetheless
reflects the basic
Arab way of thinking and
is
useful
in
all
languages.
But,
one may
say,
the
orientalists
are
;
surely
not
it
ignorant
of
these facts, which are so obvious besides
why
is
that they have
not
been
interested
in
exploiting
them
\r
<uAJ
^
O^
-*
LgJ
jjji'
iUjl
^jj
I'jutU-
ZjjA\ rr~>
<j\
JjU-
eSj^
J^
<J\
^J^
'
"J^ jf^*
is*
J^'
O^j
lSj^
J2 O^"
"
blj
- r
(3y^-~JI oUjI ^P
i_iJb><^
oUjI
j^p
J^P obLi
^ji
C~*j
IJJ
aL^JI
.xply
^
t
J[ _<L~LJI
J _ Û
i'^jf-
'j^t
tli[
P&ijt- <r>yrj
s r^Ji
oyj^~-J' l#
jfi
^l
SpjUI oUjULJI
jlpI^JI
I^Jio^j
<jl
Ijaljl
î*. 01 cJa*I
Uj
^jJiSoÎ
Z^kS\
oIjjJ^JI Ji
olil
Sll
_}JiJÎ
Z>'jfc
tiUjC^JI
.
SL'yJI Ob*Jda-A<JI ^^Jw
^1^
,JUai
4JjU^>
obi ^r-Jj ur^23
Ji
oljLt
IjiJk?-
^Js-
\y^\y
ji
^JyiûJI
ol
a*
Conform
verb)
Ijl
^1
^1 (Unaccomplished verb, present or present-future)

JjuLII
))
4j
^JU- ((f-jUiJi
oJlj-_Î [j*
1^)15
jJ
L/jiJi
o^
CJlp-
Ui 3
I'jj.-^
Ja!i
^yjl
JiJl
II*
îS"l
?w
"Oy"
tJ*iJI
o^
t
...fjUiJl
.
iAjLjuJI
<d_jJ
(.Jj'UJI
^ji
JjuJI
4jjjw
LJS'
ojî-
_*illi
L; jPÎ
I
"ill <^J
^jj^> ^j
JjUJI 11a
lJul
C^> ijyT
lil
ioili
*Jls-
<UI
iJ'b tUJI ^^jsj.

^4*
.i.ijjâdl
OMU-
^yifc;
iaii
v'j*-
'j^^lj
(j-^bJI
Two phenomena
grammar
1
emerge from a reading of works treating Arabic

language
in
foreign
Each
author has tried to explain the Arabic by seeking comin
parisons
2
his
own
native
language.
to
his
it
Although
perfectly
difficult
each
well
for
author,
according
own
is
logic,
knows
very
where he wants to go,

the
nonetheless
that
in
is
reader
to
follow
him
along
road.
a
different
That
is
why
have chosen to undertake a work

orientalist,
direction
from that of a classical
who
non-Arab
studying our language and our civilization.
Why
should not an Arab,
Lebanese as
it
happens, explain Arabic grammar to foreigners by
using English not to

a
it
make
a parallel with
for explaining
English grammar, but as
means of communication
is
Arabic thought
Besides,
desirable to spare readers
the task
of going to the technical

in
definitions
of
English
grammar
simply
order
to
follow
the
ingenious comparisons established by the orientalists. Furthermore,
some
and
it
readers
may have
forgotten the rules of their

set
own grammar,
the
would be useless to
effort
them two tasks
at
same time.
The only
asked for here
will
be that of understanding the true
meaning of the Arabic terminology being used,

language
rather
with
best
the
English
serving
purely
as
an
instrument
of the
expression
than
of the
best
comparison.
take as an example the term (f-jUi^ J*i

orientalists
which
have called
conform verb, even though

like
have agreed on expressions

i.e.
unaccomplished verb, or present, or present-future,

verb
in
to define
to
is
this
tense.
But the Arabs have
used
(f-jUia)
say
the
similar,
analogous, conform, because this

resembles the
mood
that
it
of the verb
only
one which
noun
all,
in
admits
declension
(t_->f^l).
The noun being, above

is
the
declined
word
(yy)
it
structure (tbJI)
for
it
an exceptional situation; the verb being

in
always structured (^w)
the
past
and imperative moods,
is
VO
(Conform ^jUkJI J*aJI]

Js-\jSi\
j^
_jju
JUc-L;
[f'J^ p-^'j
'-^
*J'
J*^
0^
y
ufji
jUji ja
->*
M-'jla
~jf-*i\
jyf^
j^r**-*
-verb)
*^*<ii
Oî
(Unaccomplished verb) (t^Jy
UZJ
5JjJ^J*i/l
jjjli*
iUwl iJjU^
c~J
(i^JI II*
XAi-
"îj .j^jUJI ^j^lw J^kil
(Adjective, epithet,
attribute,
J_i
Ol_J^ JL**iJ O-ÛxJ
>_^-
r.JI
IJ^J
complement, pronoun, preposition, conjunction,
infinitive,
Ujli jil^j
iikj*
t_ijlij
If!
5LjJI
IfJNil**
ON
.
...tJ'
participle)
.^wNI
iL^JI
JJJi
JU
^jU
Jit.
Jfj
:
^-JyJI 0>-aJI
ls*
^r**-!'
<it *l**-
c^y
Ojî 'Jr*^"
cr'"*li
*-^j*"
>Jî
Ujll*
<JJ
|jll~.
[^JjaJQ
J^*J yl^J
oi
Lî
1*
S'jtf.
liijji
jl
Sll
<uJy
l-UÎ JaiL
*L**
j-^c;
JLS"flJbj
Wl^*
.
Jsjjijl
(JC
C Jr**- ]
t
,
Cr*J
>,
1*
uJiJJI]
ol
**
Ai-JI
9
1
ii*i\
j*
^^
5<5"
iLty
jJJI JiiLj
^j*)'
m
**o
-Jl
9
,#
.11
Jr*^ Ly>] tr**^

*
olf
*
,ji
,
j"
j*-^"
rf
TjV^r
5
- *
JJ -
.jU~
j*î* 4**Ju ^l^"
IjLLi
J~tJ>- ]
OjSuJI
:uLij_Jl tJu ^_
sIxjNI ojlo^.
0LJ^4- i-U-NI
j* l-C-Jli J^~J-j
4_JL*JI
IJCw.
^J
SjJJI
Jk'j 61
-û
(Primate and predicate)
bw
Uîjb
>Jlj
Ix-Jli .juUl
f
^JI
^1
^rî oui
ja!I oJk?-j j-îj
j*-liLJI
,3*I_jj
only in certain conjugations that
it
can be declined. This similitude
of the verb to the noun has been consecrated here by use of the
term: conform verb (fjCai J**).
It
is
true
that this
expression
seems
verbal
meaningless
in
English
grammar,
while
(ûnaccomplished
can better suggest the meaning of the present. But the goal
study
is
it
of this
not
to
fashion
rough
approximation
between
terms. Rather
aims to show
in a precise
way how
the Arabs have
named
their
own.
have avoided using words such as adjective,
For this reason

epithet,
attribute,
complement,
etc.,
pronoun,
preposition,
conjunction,
infinitive,
participle,
because their Arabic correspondents have

with the English con-
varied functions which do not always agree

text.
A
in
typical
example
is
that of the nominal sentence.
When one
is
says
Arabic: (J^**-
,j.~ftkH)
is
[The weather
beautiful J this
complete sentence. Weather

is
the subject (<u[ u~) and beautiful,
the
information
(xli).
Subject
information
fulfilled
sentence.
to
However, several conditions must be

Cweather] a
subject
in
order
make
con)
and CbeautifuQ an
information.
These
(
ditions taken together will be consecrated by the term
Ij~*
for
the subject-function and (j
'.f-)
for
the information-function.
Assuredly
implies in
the
sentence,
QThe
weather
beautiful]
(Jr^r
tr*^")
Arabic that the weather (js] beautiful making of the
indeterminate adjective QbeautifuQ a complete information sustained
by a
hidden
copula.
pillar
a
The two terms of the
Jui
of the nominal sentence

/-'.
will
be called in this book: Primate and Predicate (j

Primate,
to
f-
' J \
f-3
in
,J
~V
show the
priority
of the
initiative
virtue
of the
traditional importance of that function. Predicate, to express
what
i.e.
is
said
of
the
primate
in
the
fundamental
enunciation,
constituting
the
meaningful
rable
speech.
Primate and predicate,

will
an
insepa-
tandem of syntax,
also suggest by their

feelings
rhyme something
of that
harmony which soothes the
and favors unity of
thought.
C'^J ji&j "jiJjl
jl^SJI
01
UU
CjijiJI yul>JI ,y
JUL
^je-l
*****
d^jÛi)
jl
tjLJ 4^^J ^^l&l

.yuJ *L^
yjl}
aUUJI
0}
(^jjl
j_^*?JI
oU^Js)
.^jlsJ]I
jJ*^ JL>JI ^j hi ^J k~ij
*****
J"jl
>j
(_* IT
tf.
TU)
fi
jjl.^1
01
^jJI .pJjl
^jlJf yi
3ajl
ljl*j
Jb*JI
OlS>JI *J Jyj
uIjLS' y-^jl
j^p
Jijj^]\
Js.
^j
t
^_p*j
^LjLj
tiJJIj-ttJI
oLjNI j^J j* tLij
Ji*j
5ijyw
toÛI
Û
<uy ikU
JoZJli
(Jj^Jb
îi c^ci
JaiJli
oS
Îj
C~<M>-rfJ
lilii
yiii O^r-S j[j tySjsJI

SiP
(illi
j^Ju
^j ikU
tiJj^JI
y-.a..^
jlj
j^
lL^
CjvJI
ol*
.
vl^J
4kiJI
Jj^li
((
(jâi
AkiJI jl&>
J*-^ rîJ-^3
:/NI JS^JI
Û
j&Jl
^l
j&li
t!
J^JL
ilL-|
Ulj
î_i 1^1
Îj
lil
.jSsill
jUalSI
4J_jJjI
Jâ^J
^j yUl
~<?3j*
These few examples have been selected to
illustrate
the
method
followed in solving problems of interpretation and equivalence. Each
word,
each term of this dictionary has

while
started
process
a
of de-
cision-making,
each
decision
made
represents
constant
challenge to the search for effective formulae for a better diffusion
of Arabic
grammar
in
the
world.
*****
My
force
publisher,
very
respectful
of
conceptions
established
by
to
classical
orientalists,
very cautious regarding
authors
who wish
but
also
rapid
evolution
upon
traditional
notions,
very
willing to
satisfy the aspiration of the public
which constitutes the

publisher
gives
for
great
family
of La
Librairie
du
Liban...
my
I
me
it.
here
the
chance to take up the challenge.
am
grateful
*****
The
the
story
is
told in the (42 H),

first
Schools of Arabic grammar that about

the
year
664 C
,
Master
EaBuO
now
in
EL'EaS'OaD
(ij-^l y\)
letters
exist...
the
grammarian to have placed points on the

use did not
at
it
a
is
time when the vowels (otTî-)
said that this Master, in declaiming the quranic texts,

his
had given the following directives to

"If you see
calligrapher
me open my mouth
;
to pronounce the letter,
put a
a
dot on the upper edge
if
bring
letter,
I
together
my
lips,
place
lips,
dot
between the two sides of the

dot under the
with
If
letter.
and
if I
reduce
my
put the
But
then
if
follow up each of those
movements
a
it
modulation,
is
replace
each
dot
by two
others."
this
permitted to philosophize upon these

said
strict directives,
could
1
be
If
you see
will
me
bring
that
my
I
lips
together in pronouncing a letter,
you
know
am
speaking
action,
of essential
to
things
and
complete meanings relative to

action,
the
author
of the
cor-
and to the
to
a
spirit
of initiative.
regularize
This
movement
responds
desire
to
communication
between
human
beings and to
make triumph
the primacy of thought.
\\
LJb yyJ! C*j
JaJ
J**!'
<JL~j
Ja-*j
U_j
J*aJ'
J-**
<ul*
JUjc-I
<uj
jxSJl
^jJl
rZ
1
yi
i.jjl,
uaJ&-\
Jr-^
1
^jiiilj
li[j
- V
.d^JI Sj^ o^">l
01
.j^
iS^
tsJ
ÛiSUl
JJL~JI
<Jcs-\
ijl
Jul
lUl~aJ jiolj .jpLI^JI

,
4jl5^>
4jL?j j_y^l
(jiljJIj
ijJuuLi
L^>JL>w ^p^j
rljL>jJI
ol^JI
If
you see
a
me open my mouth,
tell
yourself that
all
am
looking
for
supplement of information on
all
that
submits to the
action of the verb and on
that goes with the unfolding of

cultivated
the
action.
The Arabs have always
openness
to
clarity
and progress.
If
you see me reduce

in
my
lips,
do not
forget
that
demand
the
ex-
precision
the
use
of words
is
and coordination
the
privilege
in
pression
4
of ideas.
Exactitude
I
of kings.
In
all
the instances where
have recourse to modulation of

that
my
voice,
you
the
shall
think
the
Master
the
is
intransigent
regarding
feelings.
definition
of
terms
and
compatibility
of
Remember
that even the
most
violent questions can be
treated with gentleness and harmony.
Antoine EL
DAHDAH
Y^
I.U 4S-L-. jl
Co jjli tOlluJIj
CjbjjtJI jJ
jL
J*t" <U^tju> ^yU
^^fr
*UI
,_,
^j c^>dl
olgj
lii^, ^\j-y\
io>JI
~jyi\
4jJJ!
*Ulj L^y^l
jt-jj
^f-ljkll
5ivO ^j-. JîJ M
4ll
t\ju
Uj tOLJI
Yr
ARABIC REVISER'S PREFACE
On
first
I
seeing the Dictionary of Arabic
Grammar
in
Charts and
effort
in
Tables,
collection
was
quite
taken
by
the
originality
of this
and
classification,
an effort unequalled by even the most
eminent of standard grammarians. Great was my admiration for this logical handling of a language whose beauty resides in the richness of its logic, and I considered that the author of that dictionary had
done
fine
piece
a
of work.
Then
:
he
a
offered
me
the
chance to
collaborate
on
new
I
dictionary
Dictionary
of Declined
and
Structured Terms, and
learned that the range of this grammarian,

in
both in his treatment and
his goals,
steps out beyond what
we
had hitherto imagined.

Doubtless, he
he
is
is
traditional
in
his
handling of the language, but

effect
also
analytic
and passionately devoted to linking

its
to
cause. Even his traditionalism, despite

creative Innovation.
classicism, contains
much
Here perhaps is the secret of his inventiveness exposing the rules of grammar on the two bases of the Arabic language: declension and structure. In declension he discovers the
in
transformations
consists
in
structure he affirms the constants.
And
in
what
to
the
enduring
if
youthfuiness
this
of
Arabic,
its
resistance
growing oid,
not
in
willingness to
?
be transformed together
with steadfastness to perdure
rr
jlS"
U uM t^jJI
"1-j^lJI
*4jlij
j^yJI jîll
j^yr (tÛi t*jUJ
.fiui a^jjij
4*ij*
liî mî
jki* Jl
ci^JI
ji^j
^
4
**ry.
n-JU-^ll
MjUaJI
,_jJ[
"^->>;
_jA
y
oU
l*j
4
'J-*-^'
'^
*~;j~
t
iJ[
j*A
^^.jJlJI
.
jjUIj
U,'.,.,tj
*$'
*bl
i"<
ÛLjIj
vlj>JJ 4sJL<s
-g-JI
f -îJ
4JCT""J"
r*y
<Jl
C-^'
'
'Vj^ J'^
1
<^*
fy^
-T* a*
tsr^^'
-?
(^
j*
J*^
jjj
4^
Q\j
^ ^ ^
OjjjiSjJ
'"
^^
U
4/
4? ^j
*^
t
\4pJU0
4lJUJi
"^J
C** jlS
OjiS*
l^JUfiJ
Ti
The Dictionary of Terms of Declension and Structure, does not try to lay down the rules of the language, but it tries to give norms
of Arabic character for the comprehension of the language and the
clarification
of
its
prodigeous mass of definitions. These definitions
the orientalists have expressed in the logic of their
own
languages,
and so the essence of the Arabic thought as well as the precise

interpretation of terms have escaped
them because the intention of
the Arabic grammarian could not coincide perfectly with that of the
orientalist.
What
bring
the
author
is
trying
its
to
do
in
his
second dictionary
is,
is
to
its
back
Arabic
to
sources,
that
to
the
logic
of
functional declension and
its
indicative
is
structure.
This
dictionary,
while
it
addressed
to
foreigners,
is
at
the
same time destined
for the
it
beyond the didactic form,
Arabs themselves. And even as it goes serves the needs of scholars and offers
them abundant matter

The
this
for
research and discussion.
rigorous
connection
between
meanings
and
expressions
is
in
dictionary,
goal,
and between the

as
implicit
and the apparent,

Arabic
banality
or
the
author's
foreign
he
aims
at
harmonizing
into
linguistics
and
linguistics
without
falling
literal
vague
equivalences.
Ambassador Antoine El-Dahdah,

to explain
it,
after charting the

its
grammar,
opening
tries
but from inside: relying only on

restricting
its
own
at
resources.
it
He
to
aims
not
at
scope,
but
rather
worldwide universality.
There
is
no doubt that
its
a language
which has conquered

blunting
its
at
least
is
2,000 years in
many branches without

its
edges
it
language worthy to be described as
universal.
And what
full
needs
now
of
is
not wider diffusion, but for
users to take
advantage
its
wonderful possibilities.
possibilities
These
readers
the
author
tries
to
make
be
its
available
to
those
interested
in
its
Arabic,
whether
still
they
Arabs
or
foreign,
already skilled in
use or
discovering
beauties.
Elias
MATAR
Y0
oS
cuT
01
-
'a~
*JfljSJI
' '
^jj+i C^-jt
'
\a'xs.
i
JI
îl cJj U
-
jjiij
tojji
ts^
yjui jj*ji îL-i
yi ^j *Sj*î
oS
U*j**
*^> jii
>* Uj jUJI jjî; itUj CJIS" lîj^j
Ji*ljiJI
J*ly |^Jui ^1*
*_jI=SUJ
o Jj; ^î ^
j
cJjj
fji
ILj
-^j* -v^
1
^!
c^
Ji
s!
Jf-jiJ
Jf^
ft
3"*
i/J^-'-J
'C^4
^l-A-JJI jjiuJI
Jl CJ>; tjf *i Ca; jLj
$ ys*i
,> $
Cj>y& $j-Jî>lj o>JI jj^flL
jj
JU
&kj>j 2ku
^ft Ji*l_^JI
o JU>
oi jUr
^-lu
oi
ri
ENGLISH REVISER'S PREFACE

Years ago, just after
I
had learned the Arabic alphabet and was
setting out to study the language,
my
teacher handed
me
the second
volume of Chartouni's (S-IjjJJI ts^V*) and told me to memorize the

definitions of
( i_i j->-
j J*i 4*- 1). His intention
was laudable:
that
should enter the grammar by the same door as the Arabs do. But
am my
sorry to say that the result eas
not nearly as enlightening as
master had hoped. For to give a beginner an Arabic definition of

is
grammatical terms
to explain
the
unknown by
the less
known.
The reason, however, why my teacher chose Chartouni's second

volume
in
preference to the
first, third,
or fourth,
is
that in the second
volume alone the author allowed himself to be prodigal of space to the

extent of using, on a modest scale,
some
charts and tables to explain
points
of grammar.
recently
at
When
the
Beirut
book
fair
happened
upon
Amin
bassador Antoine El-Dahdah's Dictionary of Arabic

Charts and Tables,
clearly
I
Grammar
it
immediately snapped
it
up,
at
for
in
finishes
and
:
in
detail
what Chartouni had hinted
his
second
volume
reader.
it
lays out the
whole of the grammar schematically before the
Then, a few months ago, and he told
met Ambassador El-Dahdah
in
person,
me
of his plan to publish his Dictionary with facing

will,
I
Arabic and English pages. This
am
sure, be a very
welcome
rv
<t>-jj
4j
J^~!
jjJU
f-lj*-jjl
j-iUI
J*
* JjJ
(j-J
IJL*j
JjJiJI
Jl
C-*iJul
<ui
4Jw
ojLoJt
J* ^î
Ujl^j
jUJI /yJI
4jjJ& m
o%IaJI j
io^bô
4*_ja>v
jUol
J*
iU>*J!
'J*
f>*i
^JJI
(l_,UI|)
^li
*
o>JI
B
SA11I
Apljii
^j-^jJI jlJuJl Jl t^J^>'

" -
'ii
(-U
<"
= k
"
*- *
.?
- -
ii
i--f
oUJIsIaLII
î
iJU
^jlâiJI (>*JLi
l^-J jSJ
lJ
bll**
^yji
'
ifrUt
jju;
I
j*
-
I
-utjju
UiUii p
I.'
uji
,
jjsi>i
ouIkXJii
-
-''!
Ml
'
--
'
II
I-?
Jjkll
JSJI
Jil_^
ilil
4J^"
js-lj
JL!Ui
JilJ
lJ
^Jj
.O^xJI
TA
advance, laying out before the anglophone learner the whole structure
of Arabic
grammar
in bilingual tables
and charts, so that
at a glance
is.
he can see
how
reasonable and well ordered Arabic grammar really

is
Ambassador El-Dahdah, however,
nothing
if
not
methodical,
and so he planned another book as a preliminary step towards that

goal
:
Dictionary
of
Terms
of
Declension
and
Structure
in
Universal Arabic
this
Grammar. And when he asked me

agreed.
to help
him on
book,
enthusiastically
His aim here has been to work out a set of consistent English
equivalents for the Arabic terms that will bring the anglophone reader
into the realm of systematic Arabic
grammar by the Arabs' own door

their
and show him the way the Arabs themselves think

mar.
Is this
own gram-
vocabulary
successful?
TRADUTTORE TRADITORE.
he knows, and
Many
of the terms
we
give in English will be unfamiliar to the reader

it
or used in a different
way from what

is
may seem
that
the language
we use
not quite English. The terms given here have
been chosen to express concepts familiar to the Arab but perhaps

unfamiliar to the Arabist, and so distasteful to the latter. The reasons
for the choices will be
more apparent
in
Ambassador El-Dahdah' s next

in
book, when the terms are seen facing each other

opposite pages.
the tables on
The author and
have hesitated and argued over a number of
these terms before agreeing on a translation. But every translation
must be something of
immediate
literal
compromise between
strict
literality
and
intelligibility.
If at
times our choice has fallen closer to

it
consistency,
we
are unrepentant... provided
leads the reader
to glimpse for himself something of the inner logic of Arabic
grammar.
MARTIN
J.
McDERMOTT
Director of the Bibliotheque Orientate
Y^
^J^>l - jydl
*j~i\
ARABIC ENGLISH LEXICON

-
^ *,HaM'ZaTV'
*
*~
.
t
-*o
ojâ
>i
*
5jii
t
?
1
HaM'ZaTu",
root to prick
lÛ*
Is it? (hey! , whether)
'
Radical HaM'Zafu"
Cl(S>i)
QHemza
*
root,
radicaQ
HaM'Zafu
[idem]
of
INDEED
6l(5>i)
HaM'ZaTu
[...
of conciliation
ajjwôj**;
of equalization]
Augmented HaM'ZaTu"
[Redundant, augmented]
SjjIj(S_>*a)
Empirical
HaM'ZaTu"
hearsay,
irregular]
4-#L-
(>)
[Popular, from
*
HaM'ZaTu
of rupture
disjunctive,
âl (iyu)
separative,
<
[Stable, formative,
vocalic
attack]
) <
* Methodical
HaM'ZaTu"
regular]
i^LS (S>*
[Syllogistic,
Converted
HaM'ZaTu"
transposed]
*ij&*
(o>*;
c-
[Reversed,
* Modulated
HaM'ZaTu"
*>J* (<>>*;
[Of tanwin, of nunation]

*
HaM'ZaTu
of liaison
conjunctive,
J-j(>i)
connective,
vocalic
[Of union,
detente]
rr
*
Ah!
(vocative)
*
~\
To
revert
'if
LaJI
Also
To
befall
of instrument
"\
jf
111
Noun
[idem]
First
J^l
Beginning of the word

These, those
ZJ}\ Jjl
iliJjl
Possessors of
These, those
O^jl
jJjf
*^f
Those
Interpreted as Interpreted as
if it
il^jf
were
explicit
thJÎ Jj
if it
were derived
j: %
.l[.
J^ji
Interpreted original
First patient
J^ji j'jj^
j/\
J^
^7
laj]
j(j]
C".
objective
complement,
adverb]
Amen
Anteriorly
The duration
Alas!
e]
Vocative
"V|
To begin,
Primacy
root to start
fjj Jil^l
|j|
Slj^j
(...
Letter of introduction
[inchoative,
initial particle]
ijJ~
%\Xj'\
Introductive sentence
(...
l<^~)"5\j\
[idem]
rt
*
Relative to EaB'JaD
Eternally (negative)
^ Jl^'
l-lul
**
Father
i
l
**
'\
I
J
t jrf
\
I
To take on,
root to take
^\
<u-><l
J^l
t
Two
Twelve
iJlliJI
(jLol
5ji lljl tj*i Lol

-
Twenty
two
surely, yes)
Ojj^j
jl^l
J^-l
Affirmative (no doubt, of course,
Wholly, root
to gather
a**t ""-^ >'

(...
Hollow verb
^Concave,
hollow
verb]
J*i
*-fj>l
One
Eleven
Situations, root to change
^J*-I
J*-l
Oj-i* ^J*-l ij-* Js>\

<J_?s-
d-*>\
Jl^p-I
t
Uniliteral
ol>
To give information,
root to
know by
experience
ja-a'-
jf^-"'
<u-^l
j^-\
Specification, root to be special

[Particularization,
specification]
(.
.
^Lai^l
Specific sentence
Jl
<tLj>-
^Lalil
-,
To take
To take on
.A>l
^=""1
.
To delay
Others
j>\
j^
tj**'
Other plurals
?jT
rf
"
-j
Remained behind
j*~}*
Remained behind
J- *
To be flattened
j6^*!
*
To
fraternize
~\
;
(i.|
Brother
Sisters of Sisters of
y|
y|
Ei'LaE
^1 oly-f
5'
jlST
E/Na
Ol>-l
Sisters of
Sisters of
KaEDa
KaENa
oly-f
%
\
jfe j\J~
Sisters of
MaE
U oly-I
Iso '&J\ jlliil
Incorporation, root to penetrate

[Assimilation,
incorporation]
Permissible incorporation
-^
Jb. ll
Forbidden incorporation
Obligatory incorporation
;-
alii
^ -yy
jl* al
To aid
Article
Article of exclusion
\"-/,'\
1^1
Slj|
Sbl
E^rt/c/e
o/ exception]
Article of elision
C...
i. 5bl
apocopate, jussive]
>~z, ;fo|
Conditional article
[idem]
*
X
Negative
article
obi
[Prohibitive,
negative
article]
Since
(as, at that time, then,
when, while)
li
\
i
Whenever
(when, whereupon)
In that case (hence, then, therefore, thus)
Ji
|j la
Then
(in
that case, hence, therefore, thus)
If (behold, when, whenever, whether)
Four
ibjji
r
k
Four hundred
~.
Ou
.
s>
**
Twenty -four
Four thousand
Fourteen
o Jj~^j Hj
t-9"S(l
*
- ?
<Uu "^
*
Oj*l* *jjl tj-1* <Uuj

u>i\
,o I
Four hundred thousand

Forty, the fortieth
AjUju
-
_o
OjJoj*Sll
Jajj
'Ojjyj
JsLjj
Jjj
(^j
*lj
Attachment,
root to attach
<ds<l
To
fall
back
To show
Facing
Exclusion, root to
fold in
two
<*-w'
*Lili
Complete exclusion
Non-certified exclusion
it
2Lii*i
*>j- j?* l\1m>

J.A'i.o
Linked exclusion
^l'JL > t
"
Emptied exclusion
[Exception
f^
void}
^l*****
made
Detached exclusion
[flySferenf
*ba'n
L1mi
exception}
Certified exclusion
[Article
u->ji
-^
î**
.
)
(...
Sbl
jLii
of exception}
(...
Exclusive noun
fJVown
*!) *Li
o/ exception}
(
.
Letter of exclusion
[Exceptive particle}
lJj?-
jLil
To be impossible,
root to change
dy-
<*-w'
JbC-i
rv
*
Letter of restriction
[Particle
(...
'iSj-
lill/xll
of rectification]
Help, root
to help
>>? **' 5jI*j1
[Call for help, for aid]
Letter of inauguration
[inceptive,
initial
(...
Jj>- )
~ \\h~J
\
particle]
l$i 4JU0I
Interrogation, root to understand
Uj>
$
\
'i
[idem]
Denying interrogation
[interrogative
tjl&l }
a negation]
(...
~\
i'r
implying
Interrogative
noun
Ill)
j-..
'i
[idem]
Letter of interrogation
[interrogative particle]
(...
'\
<-*[f-)
p \ q n"-
Question mark
Interrogative sentence
(... Z>yi-)
(...
a'tj'',
')
*&**) j>\q&J\
[idem]
Letter of future
[Particle
(
. .
lS_f-
,rt"/i
of futurity]
To
lo dge
(
^ &A
. .
'jj
)
Sharp letter
[Apical,
sibilant
letter]
lSj>-
fX>!
Noun,
root to be exalted
LI
iCof
11I
[idem]
Exclusive noun
\'},'^ "\
11I
[Noun of exception]
Interrogative
noun
J
j<j-.. '|
/J[
[idem]
rA
*
Demonstrative noun
[idem]
*
5jLSl
<t-l
Noun of annexation
[Prothesis,
isUel
wl
noun of annexation]
Noun of
origin
'
jXaJI
-!
Noun of E/Na
"
Oj
-!
Noun of instrument
-
-77 ** 7 AJI **!
Noun of astonishment
[Noun of
surprise,
'.
i~>*.
-!
of wonder]
i
Noun of
preference
confirmative
J.
7 Aa wl
''
t
'
[Corroborative,
noun]
Confirmative noun
CCorrofcorartve,
$if
confirmative
if -
'
noun] jf^"
1
Noun of
collectivity
C**
[Plural noun]
Noun of genus
[Common,
Plural
Inert
generic,
(j->
substantive
fi-"'
noun]
i^*" "^
noun of genus
cr-*^
l**"
noun
[Stationary,
aplastic,
-il> ih'
primitive,
rigid
noun]
Cli
i
Concrete noun
t-l
Noun of time
[idem]
Owj
**l
Conditional noun
*J^
'
i***
r\
*
Sound noun
[Regular,
j^
normal,
^j
sound noun]
Noun of
similar quality
assimilate
epithet]
^'
j
',
q^
^J\
[Verbal adjective,
Personal noun
[Personal pronoun]
0l />
lid
Circumstantial noun
[Adverbial noun,
accusative
ci\J 11>1
of time and place]

jjjt 11>I
Numeral noun
[Noun of number, numeral adjective]
Proper noun
[Proper name]
J&. 11]
Proper noun of genus

Concrete noun
.-^
-
fr ^,1
'f
111
Invariable
noun
uninflected
\Sj
n~~*
V-f
*1>1
[Unconjugated,
noun]
*
Verbal noun
[interjection,
infinitive
l^j
~\
noun,
onomatopoeic exclamation]
Agent-noun
[Present,
active participle,
j^G
agent
111
noun]
*
o
Allusive
noun
%>
"
-
. ,-
CA/efowymy, filiation, periphrasis]
Noun of KaEDa
~& ZJ
Jtf" 11,]
Noun of KaENa
Noun of LaE
111
if e
Structured
noun
uninflected
"_Lo *~i\
[indeclinable,
noun]
iiJLo
Superlative
noun
superlative
^1
[intensive,
noun]
\J}Jja
*~>\
Variable
noun
inflected
[Conjugated,
noun]
^Jz** **J
nude,
I
Denuded noun
[...
bare of accessory,
simple]
it
Noun
with reduced ending

[Nominal subordinate,
in
o,io
*""l
JJj^
the
indirect
case,
diptote]
Ala u9jJt?-o
Retrenched noun
[Curtailed noun]
^1
Noun of one
act
iy>
11/i
[Noun of unity]
Noun
with regular ending

[...
"c.
Sja
llil
in
the
subject
case,
indicative,
nominative]
("-*) Juji *-jI
Augmented noun
[Redundant,
augmented noun]
Quasi-sound noun
[Quasi-perfect,
-
"flHT
^."
L 1fi.
lj|
normal,
regular]
,J
1/ c
Derived noun
j"-'""
/t-*"'
Original
noun
0/ action,
jJu&a
^1
[JVokw
infinitive,
masdar]
jiuan
*~il
Diminutive noun
C/dem]
*
Annexing noun
[Prothetic
nourT\
u?Lu wl
,
ii
Annexed noun
aJI
u$Lu wl
[Complement of the noun, postfixed, governed^]
Declined noun
[inflected,
,...i^jjm
wl wl
declined noun]
u9jA'a iî^ju
Declined and varied noun
Declined noun prohibited from variation
M-*" 'r'j**
if*'
Definite
noun
ASjM>
wl wl wl wl
[idem}
Abstract noun
(
-Jw
Patient -noun
Jjjuii
jj-flq*
Noun
with shortened ending

[^66rei>iated
noun,
6ri'e/]
Noun of
place
;...
jli
*l
Noun
with extended ending

[Prolonged noun}
JjJui
wl
Noun
prohibited from variation
uSÎaJI jj> f>U>i *ll
Relative
noun
i_-jm'
wl
C^dyec/jVe o/ relation}
Varied noun
y_,
,,/?>
^1
IT
*
Noun
with open ending
[...
z
\jya>
*--!
in
the direct case,
regimen case, accusative, adverbiaQ

^fijALa
*!
Noun
with curtailed ending

[Defective,
abbreviated
noun]
Conjunctive noun
[idem]
Jj^jjt
**i\
Noun of MaE
Indeterminate noun
[indefinite,
to
ill
o~jj **i\
indeterminate
noun]
&
Noun of manner
[Noun of
Five nouns
kind,
**i\
specificative,
of manner]
<L*fe> U>I
Nouns of
quantity
jt*^
iuÛ
*Ul>l U->I
Attached nouns
Nominal
[idem]
[r^
Sloîl
Nominalization
Reference, root to
[Predication,
lean
on
x~*
aL^>\
jL.ul
attribution]
Referential composite
[Attributive
{..."\j~y) j^jLliI
compound]
(
.
Referential relation
[Predicative relation]
Zlj
oLltl
Occupation,
root to occupy
split
somebody
J*i
<JL^1
Jlilil
Derivation, root to be
Jii ilUl jliiLl
[idem]
Demonstrative noun
[idem]
(...Ill) Sj&l
ir
*
Things
*
i\J*\
To become
Friends
In the
morning
***fi\
iX&jLgA
Terminology
Ol>5Ua*tfl
J
To reach the root

Originally
X>fi
%*\
(^-"I
>-**
Cardinal numeral
Derived radical Derived attached to the radical

Radical
Jr-"' J~~*
I-*
Jr-"^ O^"
(3~~*
HaM'Zaf
root,
JLI Sjl*
[Hemza
radical}
i****l
(
.
To bring
to light
.
.
Letter of rectification
[Particle of digression]
^Sj>-
w jjs
Annexation,
root to annex
i_>L
4^1
isUtfl
s
[Prothesls,
annexation]
.
Annexation of the sentence

{Phrasal prothesis]
iUiJI
isUtfl
Oral annexation
[improper,
T.\na\
isLÎ
impure annexation, annexation of qualification]

*!>-** isUtfl
Moral annexation
[Proper, pure annexation,
annexation of dependence]
(...12.1) SiUtfl
Noun of annexation
[Prothesis,
noun of annexation]
{..."LS'Ja) rJUtfl
Annexed composite
[Prothetic
compound]
Ijvbl
To nourish
ii
*
Declension,
root to speak pure arabic
u/ 4^1 t^lj^l
t-"^l ->ljje
[inflection, parsing,
syntax,
declension]
Declension of the noun

[inflection of the
noun, declension..,,]
Analysis of the sentence

[Sentence syntax]
iUsJI ^\j&
Analysis of the letter
cijiJI L>lji
Declension of the verb

[inflection,
J*^l L>lji
declension of the verb]
Grammatical analysis
Titles of declension
"\
\Sj^* -*lj*
%
L>\
^\Je^\j.
i^ljje
Sign of declension
Its
(... Zyi-)
(
II
place in the analysis
,y> '&>C* )
Action of declension
Ji*
^lj*
^jJai
To To
give
notify, root to
know
defect
Jt
JIp
^JUol
Defection, root to have a
^1 JÛ
Defection of HalVTZaf
S>4^ ^^*
j-S^Jb J%e
ij IkJb J^Ce
t^liUb
(
II
Defection by quiescence Defection by elimination Defection by conversion

Plural of proper
J%c
nouns
w>-) }Cs
[idem]
Exhortation, root to exhort
[instigation,
{J- u-*\ %\j-
incitation]
Ouf!
- - -
Lit
Singularity, root to be alone
sj
. JJ
* *
*La\ }\j&\
[idem]
10
*
EaF'RaLu of astonishment
C...
t-
-','*-'*
kJ*JlS\ Jiil
of surprise]
EaF'RaLu of preference
[]...
ff'i" 11
J*Sl
of superiority, of preeminence, of comparison]

<u
EoF'RjL'BjHj
[]...
JjJl
o/ comparison]
3",
Five verbs
Other-patients
Jbiil
.
Jr*^'
-
To approach
Quotation marks
Pluperfect past
(...î)
(
.
. .
-t*
J^sl
^LJl
)
Û
Of
Jii"l
The
(he
who)
(
Jl
**]**
)
Deprived of EaL'
[{indefinite,
^
Jl
indeterminate,
nude
(
j
Made
definite by EaL'
{{Determinate,
definite]
Js~j
Endowed with EaL'

{^Determinate,
definite]
>
<jjj>
Jl
Now
Meeting of two quiescents
0*^1
jI^CJI
i\jti\
He who
They who (dual masc) They who (dual masc) They who
She who
(dual)
^ jjl
o'J^'
Oi"^'
^jj|
A'\
They who (dual
fern)
0^1
They who (dual fem) They who (fem) They who (masc) They who (masc)
u^'
lt^'
^Sll
sSlSlI
They who (fem)

They who (fem)
JW
^SWI
uul
ciJI LaJI
Thousand
Million
Quiescent EaLi'F
C...
iiLall
without motion]
Long
EaLi'F
(
II
iLjJs c^H
Orthography of the EaLiF
Stf )
ioj*il
c-J<
Permanent EaLiF
Shortened EaLi'F
Âbbreviated...,
brief]
uul
Oj j-aJm uul
Extended EaLiF
CPro/oHged...]
eijJuj-o c^JI
To discover
(
îJI
Common
expressions
te j.*
JpUJI
uIaJI
Two thousand
Titles of declension Titles of structure
Is
it
v'j*?
V^
-
sLJI t-'UH
j
"ill
not?
(in
(isn't
it)
Lest
order not to, so that... not)

(if
"ill
Except
not, otherwise, unless, save)
"ill
- %
Sisters of
E/LaE
its sisters
'Si
Ol>s,
E/LaE and
l$jiy-l_$
N[
iY
*
Up
to (as
far as, at, to,
towards, until)
^1
d)l
'
<uil
Away!
Subject [Correlative of attribute]
Annexed
[Complement of
the noun, postfixed,
]
Term
Definitely
To order
Imperative
"\il
"Jc\
[idem]
of J
.
Letter of the imperative
_^l
jj>-
[imperative particle]
Imperative
mood
y^\
ikê
[imperative aspect]
J
Imperative verb
J>\
Xs
[idem]
Yesterday
{J
S\
To become
in the evening
root to have power long inflection]
(
. . .
it-"*'
Without reserve,
Jfc> iJUol
J&J\
[Perfectly declinable,
Compatible without reserve

[Established in the perfect declinability]
jUz
jj)\
iA
'
-.
"
1~
->
-.
-'*,\
Compatible with reserve

[Diptote,
(.
j-j*
u^-*^
J^
'
imperfectly declinable,
short inflection]
Compatibility
[Perfect declinability,
long...]
(
i-*a\
Situations of compatibility
Isn't it?
(is it
" 0"ilU-
a~Sj>\
t
not, surely)
tl
As
for (but, however, yet)

(if,
'
Either
or)
&[
J~*
Inclination, root to incline

[Deflection]
*k*l <Uwl
In front of
-
fW
i
Forward!
*ikUl ol tjl
Indeed
Sisters of
E/Na
0| Ol>-l
O^
r
Noun
of
EfNa
its sisters
E/Na and
^y-h o\
j ~~
Predicate of
E/Na
o\ j?~
HaM'Zaf
That
of
INDEED
o\
>*
Ol
Even
if (although,
if,
in case,
whether)
OJ
.'I
o
To oppose
<^Jî
'
f
I
You
You
(masc sing)
(dual)
plur)
~>
l*^
You (masc
You
p*
t
(fern sing)
if^'
You
You
(dual)
(fern plur)
l*^
dr*'
i5T
w*
To be tender
Feminization
'&
j
"<^Jg
|
[idem]
Intact feminine plural
[_Perfect
1)L diji
1p-
feminine plural, external]

klwjU
i_> \i-
Letter of feminization
^Feminine particle]
Sign of feminization
i^Jl;
'Xa$s.
A
*
Feminine
Real feminine
f*V""
vlJ ji
[Natural feminine, real]

Oral feminine
Mil) Jji
[Feminine by form]
Figurative feminine
tjW*- vljji
[Tropical feminine]
>
Moral feminine
s-
"iSy**
CJ V
[Feminine by signification]
To create
Occupation of the place
Creative sentence
fcj|
J*iM JUiil
(...illi-) S^lJjl
(
.
.
Exclamation mark
Zsji(
. . .
JUiil
)
Not-
to
cease
root to convert
(.
.
,
iiiil
L-IajI
To turn about,
Lii iC!
^l+l-Jj
)
[interrogative implying a negation]
^jl&l
0>
*
SI
Whence
Welcome!
Or
(unless)
,J
?
S0b
Measures of nouns
[Forms of nouns, metres]
sL-o'ifl
oljj
Measures of verbs
[Types of verbs]
JlaS'Sfl
oljj
Measures of the superlative

[intensive forms,
superlative]
iilLJI oljjl
To draw near
First, root to befall
dlj
jT
iJu*l
*
jy
\
First
^jl i Jj
-
~ * ~

First patient
[...
(
.
. .
ioiJI
J_j*jL
)
Jj Jj
objective complement,
adverb]
These, those
SZij
0*}fjl i^Jj
t*ij
1
Possessors of
These, those
Those
Alas
dU^j
olj
a~.1
"iS
What
That
is (hey!)
If i
Affirmative (of course, yes)
Also
Lot
Where
Wherever
Jj
U-u
<o
Go
O you who
0>
1j\
4i
*
Vocative
(oh!)
tj
In what time?
It is
It is
JUI
%X,\ "6
he
they (dual)
UiCI
liUI
liCI
It is
It is
they (masc)
she
It is
they (dual) they

(fern)
UiQ
"Jbt\
sing)
It is
It is
you (masc you

(dual)
dJUl
It is
LiTCI
plur)
It is
It is
you (masc you you you
St\
dJQ
(fern sing)
It is
(dual)
(fern plur)
LiTQ
It is
^Cl
^Cl
UGl
It is I It is
we
or
B,
By
(at,
BaE*u"
of, during, for, I
i\j
swear by...,
in,
iw>
l.
by means
-
with)
Quasi
sound noun
^sâib
<u~* *_l
[Quasi-perfect noun]
Defection by quiescence Defection by elimination
...
(j-Swdl j!^t
t_i
JiJl
J}W
Defection by conversion
<-r^^ J^*[
Aj
EaF'R/L B/Hi
[\..
J*il
o/ comparison]
Letter similar to the verb
J**^
*r~*
*-i
j?
"
[Particle assimilated to the verb,

Similar to the verb
adjective particle]
J**^
to
'Srr
[Assimilated
Interpreted as
if it
the verb,
adjective]
were derived
J^LJL
uiUa-Jb
Jjj^>
<tl~*
Similar to the annexing
noun
Made
definite
by EaL'
oy ^Jj**
[Determinate, definite]
Replacer
Object of exhortation
Direct patient
*j
JjkZ*
ijj**
*j
<>
Jj*a
[Direct object, complement of object]
or
B
1
**
Endowed with EaL'

[Determinate, definite}
JL ojJ&
Attached to the
five
verbs
<L~i>JI
JUiNLi jiJU
<u*
Called similar to the annexing
noun
uiUaJl
iiL
To
afflict
\Jb
Unfortunately
Sufficiently
LiL
jiu
iCt
What
glory!
To make a beginning
To
begin
jj
\'jd>\
..
Primacy
t\'jcj\
Z5\ jcj\ SJUi-
Elimination of the primate

Ijli.JI *_s.is
s'-^l
^j*"
[inchoative,
initial particle}
Primate
[inchoative,
nominal subject}
Position of primate and predicate Position of the primate
j^-"j p-Jt &fp

pZllT /,*
,
T*
"
i"
-*
iT -"" -
Good!
jj
To
substitute
Jji
JjJ
substitute}
Substitute
[Permutative,
Substitution of a part for the whole
J&l
^ cr-^' J
[/dm]
Substitution of the whole for the whole
J&l
^ JJ
J Ju
[idem}
Oi
>
Partial substitution
Uj*? ^"V
[Corroborative substitution]
Global substitution
[Substitute of implication,
J^Li
J-^
comprehensive substitution]
Concordant substitution
[Permutative of the whole]
c*^*
<J-^
To change
Substituted for
S-*~>
<^
J^
jlji
[Antecedent, corroborated noun]
Take
Not-
to finish
'^J,
Ja. <
_
Simple
few
(3 to 9)
^
oUai
- j -
Slowly
To be
After
distant
~J*>
Away!
Distant
.#
iJ*j
<
Letter of distancing
[...
to
express distance
and passing away]

{
Some
>
j2*i
..
.#
JIJj?
J&l Jf
u*-**
Unexpectedly
Rather (and
even, but, however, yet)
J;
To reach
Superlative
^
noun
superlative]
t*^.
(*-"'
[intensive noun,
00
B
[intensive paradigm,
superlative}
i-ot
aJJUIJI Siul

[intensive forms,
Superlative
iJliJI jljjl
superlative}
lUJLi
[Hyperbole,
intensiveness}
~t,
Not
to
speak of
Affirmative (no doubt, yes indeed)
_
2j
*j^j>
To construct
Structured noun
[indeclinable,
Titles of structure
111
invariable,
uninfected noun}
stJI
L.12JI
Structure
ill
[Formation, Uninflectedness, Indeclinability, constructed state}

Structure of the noun
[indeclinability of the
*1^1
noun}
i\L
Structure of the verb

[invariability of the verb}
jlUI
id
Accidental structure
</jl*
Permanent structure
Letter of construction
j^ Xll
^
ll
>-*j*-
[invariable particle}
Sign of structure
}&
lii
Structured verb
[invariable,
*Îi
indeclinable verb}
Structured word Structured

[Uninflected,
invariable,
Ci aUT
*i
indeclinable}
o-\
Well
<b
To
stay the night

(
.
. .
ot
_^w
)
Prominent personal
[Prominent pronoun]
jjIj
Although
Jui
Between
While
jj
UiS
When
Explicative attraction
[Syndetic explicative, completive coupling]
(...i_aL*)
&
jLj
OV
T,
You
TaE*w"
swear by, she)
i\2
iO
O
tiJl <d**l
(sing). (I, I
Feminization, root to be tender

\jdem~]
tiJu
<Sj.
c*Ju
~j\s
o^* )
To be changed, To follow
Succession
root to substitute
J.U aLoI J'xJ
_J
[Apposition, alliteration, accord^]
Follower, followers
[Appositive,
'r-^'y
<
%-i^
sequens, follower!,
Mark of
continuity
OubJI Zyi
Followed
D^wtecedenf, followed by some word in apposition]
f.>r
Duality, root to fold
in
two
^
- "."
jj 9
* -
*UI ijjj
t
Denudation,
jjq
^ *
root to denude
ij>- *Le\ 2j*i>
[Bareness of any accessory^
Facing
._^î._.
J .._........
obu
Under
OA
T
Warning,
root to warn
jji- UI
"jt
jiu
[Cautioning]
Vocalization, root to move

[Mobilization]
,--
S'J-
>.i ,' % <iLs>i
tiiijû
Letter of stimulation
[Excitative particle]
tj j>-
,.-?
t?-t"
Letter of authenticity
C-. to indicate perfect certainty]
<Sj>-
J.Jl*J
To be modified,
status
J .
root to pass from one
Jl-
aOI J]]pu
? '.:
to
another
(
.
Verb of transfer
[Transmutative verb]
J*i
Jijiu
To establish
Letter of selection
(
. . .
<J J-
j~su
Masculinity, root to mention
_ i 4L*I
jS Jb
i~>j>
EaB' JaD order

[idem]
-.i Jt?o
Alphabetical order
l
e'^t* 4 -^f>'
[idem]
Ordinal numeral
^J*
"l^J*
[Number of gradation, ordinal]

Letter of solicitation
[Particle of desire]
(
. . .
J)J-
Vj
Euphony,
root to soften the voice
^~-> *^*
(^J*
[Curtailment, softening]
Euphony of the called

0%
<^jLJI (t^jj
"
Punctuation mark
[idem]
(...%>*&) ^jj
To leave
Composition,
root to
t'J'j
mount
IS'j
*Ua\
i^*j
[Construction]
Non -linguistic composition

Linguistic composition
[e*^
S?* 'i-^j
*-**^1h
(
Is"^
Nine Nine hundred

Twenty -nine
Nine thousand
Nineteen
Ninety -nine
>nX
Mmnl
t
**^n -*
11
oo
i~J
\jjj*f-~j *~j
c^^l
hit rf
"'
j Au"j
cil ^'loVi
UjaL.".II
t
Nine hundred thousand

Ninety, the ninetieth
ijj*lj
Quiescence,
[itesf,
root to be quiet
J>i~ ilUl j-^lj
pause, quiescence]
(
. . .
Defection by quiescence
Jb
(
.
j!>UI)
. .
j*S
- ) *
*"
Variability, root to turn away
<-Jj*? *Ua\ \Jjj*a2
[Conjugation, declension, etymology]
Variability of the
noun
(-"Vi U^J-AJ
[Declension of the noun]
Conjugation of the verb

[idem]
JJuiM ujj*oj
"V
T
1
Complete conjugation
Incomplete conjugation
Letter of variability
[Particle of declension]
(
.
ill uA!j-flJ>
#U
.
.
^
v~?\
ujjôj UHj-oj
*_$ j>- )
Diminution, root
to be small
y^>
j.JLaJ
Astonishment,
[Surprise,
root to be astonished
>^f- *L?\
-"
-
wonder]
(
.
. .
Noun of astonishment
[Noun of
surprise,
<t >l )
u.'yj
ui**J
of wonder]
(
. .
EaF'RaLuof astonishment
[...
Jl J**
of surprise]
(
. . .
Letter of astonishment
[Particle of surprise]
*-*j*- ) <-***
Transitivity, root to pass over
!-*# <u-l
*d>!L*J'
[idem]
By impossibility
Definition, root to be acquainted with
[Determination, definition]
/j*?
^j*
****' <-*!j-*'
Letter of definition
[Particle of definition,
<-Jy-
u*j*>
instrument of definition]
Woe
To
to
Uu
know
(
.
learn, root to
*-l* *!-<' **
J
o
Letter of causality
[Particle assigning the motive or reason]
<-*j*- )
Jr"*"
Compensation,
root to exchange
^1* *^'
jîj*'
[Substitution]
"\\
T
Letter of explanation
[Expository particle]
-To
tj ji-
*.
".-
Separation, root to separate

[Distribution]
Jâi
4X*a\
J nk"
Letter of separation
[Distributive particle]
^>j-
J--/?fl
Preference, root to
prefer
one to another
J*ii
4X~a\
tii"
[Superiority, preeminence,
comparison]
(
.
Noun of preference
11.1
ff4"
IjVown o/ superiority, preeminence, comparison]
EaF'RaLu of preference
[Comparative and superlative adjective]
(...Jljiil) Y'ah"
You do You do
(masc. plur.)
(dual)
OjSjJti
OûkOj
-.
You do
(fem. sing.)
XmiJ
Supposition, root to be able

[Assumption, hypothesis]
jj$ *L*\ wJuLi
Classification, root to divide
*~i
<Us<9l
ni ft"
Letter of paucity
[Particle of rarity]
tJ ji-
J-JLoJ
Letter of profusion
[Particle of frequency,
tj ji-
j-i&i
*
of multitude]
(
.
Broken plural
[internal plural, broken]
*i-
i-^"
Voluntarily
*liU
iliJ
That one
(fem.)
To be complete nr
Ij
Complete exclusion
[Attributive exception]
/U *biu.l
/>b
/t
t-ijj*^
i-ajj*^
/t
j^
Complete
[Absolute,
attributive,
complete]
% - *
o
.
Complete verb
[Absolute verb, complete]
jt
J*i
Complete variable
Incomplete variable
/t
t-Sj-^^
-
,:"f" j^
' '<-
^j**^
T "
* -
''
jJ
Compatibility, root to have power

[Complete declension, perfect
inflection,
J>^
long]
*U*'
J^-w
- -
Modulation of compatibility
Letter of wish
[Optative particle]
-J' iX**-*)
(
. .
&+*
j-oJ
^j* )
Distinctive, root to distinguish
J^
<Lw>>
J^r**
[Objective complement for specification or for distinction]
Distinctive of the sentence, the relation Distinctive of the
4J
iaU--xII
U^ji
number
number]
.
iJiiJI ^rr*^
[Specification of
>.'.
-.
Non-transposed distinctive
Distinctive of the isolated, concrete
<JjiL
-
_^*
J^r*-
- .j
t
- j
~ -
C>li
i^jl j^-*^
Transposed distinctive
Active element of the distinctive
Letter of premonition
(
1'
Jjiu J^*J
J^& ) j^>
.
<~2j>-
*~-
[Particle that excites attention, premonitory particle]
Letter of regret
*~J_?-
****
Indetermination, root to render indeterminate

[Leaving undefined, indetermination]
j&
ib>\
jSd
Modulation of indetermination
Modulation, root
to pronounce the letter
II
^>J
u~o
dy
JO*
[Tanwin, nunation]
[Nunation of declension, of inflection]
j-Sî
[indefinite nunation]
jif^ JO*
Modulation of reduction
[Genitive nunation]
Js>ii
Modulation of regularity
[indicative nunation]
*i^J
Modulation of necessity Modulation of compensation

[idem]
hjjJJri
j^J*^
JO*
Modulation of opposition
[Nunation of correspondence]
iilij ui-H
Modulation of opening
[Accusative nunation]
\_
n'S ijtj-*
, - -
jj
t ^ j
Contestation, root to
[Conflict,
tear
away
9y 4^1
f jUj
contest]
(
.
Colon
[idem]
Confirmative, root to confirm
[Corroboration,
insistence]
Za^s-
TLyfiy
oST} iJUl juS'^J
Global confirmative
Self -confirmative
i-
4\~r-
xSji
J
xjj
Oral confirmative
[Verbal corroboration]
eJ>i
^r
y y
y"
Synonymous confirmative
Moral confirmative
[Corroboration in meaning]
*&}\j6 ^J"***
Relative confirmative
Letter of confirmation
[Strengthening particle, corroborative]
(
.
-1-5
^y
II
*~f
Heavy
N N
of confirmation
aLj&I
o_jJ )
xfy
[Heavy corroborative, stressed energetic]

Light
of confirmation
(iLiiJI
II
oy )
'
i" -
J^^
"
i-
[LigAf corroborative, light energetic]
Follower, followers
[Appositive,
^'J^ 'î"
sequens, follower]
Sometimes
Ninth
j"
**-it t--tt
i'jZs- *-itt
t
Nineteenth
j-ii -*tt
<
Complete,
root to be complete
f-
*****
[Absolute, attributive, complete]
These two
(fem)
O^
of
These two (fem)

This one (fem)
^
^^
*Dy>
These two (fem)

These two (fem)
That one (fem)
^
,
Those two (fem)

Those two (fem)
This (fem)
^^ ^V
t
"\0
This This
(fern) (fern)
<G
Slowly
Yj
11
C,
To be Arm
Firmness of
$aE*u"
N
N]
it
<..
**
j^JI >>^
[Fixedness of
Affirmative sentence
~^ Û=r
Affirmative verb
C-i J*i
Affirmative
~j>
[idem]
To be heavy
Because of heaviness
Jij
J^JL)
^Ljiill
Heavy
of confirmation
stressed energetic]
-^j^
o_3->
H/?eavy corroborative,
To be
third
t-iJI
~C&
SJLiU
t
Three hundred thousand Three Three hundred

Twenty-three
SStf
iStf
oil* kl<%*
Oj^r^J
^^
&%*
Three thousand
Thirteen
a'-li-
lJ^T ?%*
&*}
4
"-ti-
IV
Thirty, the thirtieth

Triliteral
'oy^\
LOyW
~,jy
[idem]
Third
Thirteenth
Triliteral
i'jtt- 5i)U
Jtf
t
IlJl3
î
tf
dJC
- *
verb
"JW
J*i
[idem]
Denuded
triliteral
^^ Jj^
simple,
[jVwde
triliteral,
triliteral
bare of any accessory}

X
'
J "
Augmented
^jy$ ^_y>
[Redundant
Third patient
[...
triliteral,
augmented}
kULJ
dyJu
objective
complement]
^!AJ ojj
type,
Triliteral
measure
metre]
[Triliteral form,
Eight hundred thousand Eight

Eighty, the eightieth
u&\ iSUiw
V^ 'Otw
OÛllI iO^JUJ
>\Lt
Eight hundred
.JLJ
Twenty eight
Eight thousand
ojj^f'j ,<iUJ
ij*f\ iuilj
Eighteen
o^*i
e'UJ
iî &LJ
C^J
Cî
tl> i*<
Afterwards (furthermore, moreover, then, thereupon)
There
To
fold in two
Ojj^s-J
^S
O&I
--,*
Twenty-two
[y4r</c/e
jhi^.1 abl
o/ exception]
"\A
'
c
Exclusion
[Êxception]
i\^.
Complete exclusion
J
^
I
l^-
^ rj"
s
j^~ *l^-J
3
Linked exclusion
[joint exception]
J--
^ * ^-
Emptied exclusion
C^jccepfion
9jk* SLii-l
void]
made
Detached exclusion
[^Different exception]
*kL
SLii-l
Certified exclusion
^ rj"
s
tk\
Exclusive noun
jbil -I
[Noun of exception]
Duality
XsiJ
Twelve
j-* L^l
djts- LJ
OLjI iuI^j
Two
Biliteral
'JkS
Second
Twelfth
Letter of exclusion
C^Jecepf/ve particle]
aIj
L*
oIj
Sîi
51iJ iîi-
jt
thixJ
<-ij*-
Dual
(^
_s
Excluded
)
^li
Cr/'ng excepted,
excepted term]
Included
{^General term]
^ J%~~*
c
*
~0 J
Eliminated included
i_SjJtf*^ <o>
j_jS
Mentioned included
Second patient
H...
.u <o ^jZz***
jt
complement^
tt*.
J_^*i^
objective
tt
Eighth
Eighteenth
ijZJe-
iuU tjÛ
iuU
j2i
jÛ
J,
To deny
J/YMw
(?"
^.p^ ^j*-
Letter of denial
[Particle of past negation]
of denial
C...
\pi-!l
f^
o/ past negation]
"J.
To draw
Noun
with reduced ending
in
jjj^" p~\
indirect,
[jVown
the genitive,
indeterminate diptote,
indirect
complement]
j^JI
[Genitive nunation]
^j^
"^
Reduction
[Oblique case, genitive, indirect]
Reduction of the noun

[Genitive of the noun...]
-"ill "_fr
Reducer Reducer and reduced

Letter of reduction
jli-
jjyr^j
"j^r
^- t3 j*-
[Particle of subordination, preposition]

S -
Personal of reduction
[Genitive pronoun]
yr j^-^
Y^
J
Sign of reduction
c
J
-
yr i}&
J>JI
Attachment of reduction
[Belonging, dependent, operative, regimen]
ji*^
Ending
in
reduced
jJj*?^
[Genitive,
indirect
indirect,
indeterminate diptote,
complement]
..
j'
Nouns with reduced ending
Cj\jjj>^>
To denude
Denuded noun
[Simple noun, nude, bare of any accessory]
VJ>
\^y
'
i*
- '
Denudation
[Bareness of any accessory]
ij>C
Denuded verb
[Simple verb, primitive]
i j><j>
J**
Denuded ignored past verb
6j&y
?y**
i "js i
y
Â
u*
J^
"*j>>*
Denuded known past verb

Denuded
[Simple,
nude, primitive]
u^ J**
Denuded
triliteral
~,jyZ "*j>y>
[Nude
triliteral,
simple,
bare of any accessory]

%
~j
* s - j
Denuded
quadriliteral
^Hj
simple,
^j^*
[Nude
quadriliteral,
bare of any accessory]

Jl
Deprived of EaL'
[indefinite,
{y *j>y>
indeterminate]
,*/>*
Denuded Denuded
future
original
J-
" -*- -
"*
i j>
j-*-*2-*
[Noun of simple
action,
bare
infinitive,
bare root]
VY
c
[Partial permutative]
(... J'-b) j^ji-
To
clip (To elide)
js?
f
'
t i -
Article of elision
py>- tal
[Article of apocope, jussive]

Elision
/jsr
[Apocopate, yussi'veH
Elision of the verb
J* "
1
rj*r
[Apocope of the verb]

Eliding
/jr
[Apocopative]
Letter of elision
f
j=r
^j "
5
[Particle of apocope, jussive]
Sign of elision
-
j*- !>
'.
Verb with elided ending

CFerft
in
fjyy
VJ*f
the apocopate, jussive]
Elided ending
(*J>>*
C^pocopafe, jussive of the imperfect]
To sanction
Letter of sanction
^.
%\'jr
ij>
^_r-
[Particle of requital]
of sanction
Cf/sed to separate the protasis
s'j^'
*l
and apodosis]
J-**-
To render
Affirmative (indeed, yes)
JJt>
To be
Inert
rigid
*
J^>
,
noun
incapable of growth]
*- r~"
[Stationary noun, aplastic,
''
J
Inert verb
JuU-
J*i
[Primitive
verb,
aplastic,
stiff,
unipersonal]
To assemble
Entirely
m>
Û-i
Noun
of collectivity
A^
X
<
[Quasi-plural noun, collective]

Plural
noun of genus
ls**^"
u~-^ p
J J
t
Plural, plurals
{j**?
<
,**>
Plural of proper
nouns
*}U^! **>
[idem]
Plural of the plural
Z^sS\
"IJU-
[Secondary plural]
Plural of the composites
oCST^jl
lî-
C/dem]
Broken
plural
<;
-^j.
[/nterna/ plural, broken]
Minor
plural
5iS
-*>.
[Plural of paucity]
Major
plural
S^*ST Itli-
[Plural of multitude, of abundance]

*
JL
sound, regular, external]
5-
dJLa
<J>-
[Perfect feminine plural,

Intact masculine plural
1)L
*\f"'ji
VU-
[Perfect masculine plural,

iJ~J-\ }j**r
Other plurals
Totally
V*i-
Vi
Letter of plurality
**-
<-* j-
[Particle of the plural}
Ultimate plural
fy>^'
^j~*
[idem}
To group
[Phrasal prothesis}
<aiJI
Ji>
iUiJI ^1 4iU?l
<_.'\y-\
[Sentence syntax}
Distinctive of the sentence AliJt j--J
Sentence
[Proposition,
clause,
***>
sentence}
j!.UjI <ui-
[idem}
Ulgi~l <ui-
Nominal sentence
4f'
^"
[idem}
Specific sentence
^Laji-^l
<ui4
Creative sentence
^î ^"
^J^ "^r
Statutory sentence
[Circumstantial clause}
Predicative sentence
*ij^~ ****?
[Enunciative sentence}
Conditional sentence
**}?j~
4
^"
[Hypothetical clause, double sentence}
Minimal sentence
[Simple sentence}
lSj*^> <a<^-
VO
J
Circumstantial sentence
*,
Zkje
SJL*-
[Local sentence]
Verbal sentence
Sl&i ij>-
\jdem]
Maximal sentence
iSj^ *^r
[Complex sentence]
[><fefff]
iui* SJUi-
Negative sentence
T a>
SJUi-
[idem]
Descriptive sentence
Li*j SJUi-
[Epithetic sentence]
Narrative of the sentence

Status, sentence
Predicate, sentence
[_Attribute,
iCijT
Skiiiî-
lS^>-
J"\i-
sentence]
ilî- ilt
Quasi-sentence
CG"asi'-propo.sfrio/r]
Pillar
of the sentence
3jC>J>jl I'SJs-
[Sentence support, essential element...]
Supplement of the sentence
SlliJI iCal
[Superfluous, redundancy, dispensable member...]
To be of the same genus

Noun
of genus
'
,
~'~~-
^JU
noun, substantive, generic]
jj*^-
111
[Common
Plural
noun of genus
^JU
111 111
j^JU J*
j
Genus
[Generic, substantive]
Inferior
z
JiC
<J&
I
**
genus
Superior genus
Medium genus
Isolated genus
Ja-y^
.-
**
Sjtv>
Nationality
<l~i>-
LaE
of generic negation
C...
tr^^ OUI M
'.!$>
Ma/
denies absolutely, that denies the whole genus]
Effort
To ignore
Ignored verb (whose agent
[Passive verb]
".
J$>
is...)
{vs-u) 0j4>** J*s
j' -
= - j
Past, denuded, ignored verb
uj&>* vje**
"i
J _r>*
"
'
^^ V J**
.
I-
Past, augmented, ignored verb
"
**/*
-r j^"
"\
V
"
J**
-
Ignored
vj&y
vj4>** fj -^
1
[Passive]
Conform ignored
[Passive aoristic, passive unaccomplished]
Six directions
C~<
Ol4>
To answer
Answer to the condition
V
J?jiJI <~>\yr
[Apodosis of the protasis, result depending upon the condition]

Letter of answer
^j>r
<
-*j >-
[Particle of correlation]
To be permitted
Facultatively
j G*
jlr
f^^
'j'^-
YV
J
Permissibly latent personal
Figurative feminine
it
\j\yr
"0 J _/-"-"'
j~*J>
*!}*
iSj^y
[Tropical femininej,
Figurative masculine
1$ jliJ>
"^ ji
[Tropical masculine^
Inert
noun
[stationary noun, aplastic,
(... 11.1) juotj.
incapable of growth^
(...
Inert verb
[Primitive verb, aplastic,
unconjugable[\
jii
juol>
Affirmative (indeed, yes)
VA
H,HaE*w"
To applaud
Pregnant
In order
(as far as, even, so that, until,
*l>
t^
Iju>
Ju>
up
to)
J+s*
lis*.
To deem To recount To warn

Warning
[Cautioning]
Attention
>"A>
jji>
"ji^>
jlji-
Warner
jjiti
:...
Warned
Thing warned about
jiiti j
<tu
J^
t_JJi>
To eliminate
Retrenched noun
[Curtailed noun]
Defection by elimination
Elimination of the predicate Elimination of the verb Elimination of the primate Elimination of the direct patient
^
_!
iJJkiJL Jî-|
jr="^'
*-J-i>-
J**J' tJJia-
Lu~Jl
i_j.a>-
dJ*JCJ\ i_JJ>-
V^
H
Elimination of
C
*
o
N
Nun}
SJUJ1
OjJI t_9Ji-
[Fall of
Elimination of the defective letter
^J^
t_9Ji-
<-**>-
Dots of suspension
&}
Eliminated active element Eliminated

"
.
OjJ*^
J*l*
*.
t_9jJ*^
'.
-
1'
{
'-' >
Eliminated included Eliminated passive element
t_9jJ*^ <u* i_9jj*^
jiz~*
Jj*jh
Opposite
*lj>
t
To turn back
[...
-*lp"
iJ]^JI v'j*!
iLJI
^j*"
<-^J^-
0/
Me
vt>eaAr
/etfer,
infirm,
soft}
Letter
[Particle,
conjunction, preposition, consonant}

o- *
. o
.
[inchoative particle}
slxit t-Jji-
EaB'JaD
letter
fc*-^
<-*j*'
{idem}
Letter of exclusion
[fxcepf/ve particle}
jLilwl t-Sj*-
[Particle of rectification}
dljlclil <-*j*
[Particle of
^llAluil t-3j*-
commencement}
aIôIÎ t-3j*-
[interrogative particle}
A<
H
Letter of future
C
JLiL.il *-9j*{
[7dem]
Sharp letter
[Apical
letter,
J\
^y*-* j*-
sibilant]
t- lj-^>
I
[Particle of digression]
jol
*-^>
[7dem]
Letter of distancing
[Particle of distance]
^y
j- '
u*-U -9>>
[7dem]
[Excitative particle]
jA~os*j
c^>
'-'j*'
CParfic/e o/ reality,
J?**"
of certainty]
JCT"*"
Letter of selection Letter of solicitation

^J*"
* - : ' \ -
jJ <-*>>
[Particle of comparison,
*^**'
^J*~
of assimilation]
i^j-oj
*-9j*-
QieWer o/ conjugation, of declension]

t_~st*J <-Zj>
[Definite article]
^J*
*-*->*"
A>
Letter of causality
[Particle assigning the cause or reason]
L&J
ci*>
[Expository particle]]
n ~ t_9^>
[Particle of distribution]]
t>A
*S*>-
Letter of paucity
[Particle of rarity]]
J-1&
-*>>
Letter of profusion
[Extensive particle, of frequency}
*&>
>-*
>>
Letter of wish
[Optative particle,
'j^j 'tSjs-
of wish]
Letter of premonition
[Particle that excites attention]
WJ t_9*>
^xJ
ti*>
Letter of regret Letter of confirmation

[Corroborative particle}
xS'tJ ij>
Letter of denial
[Particle of past negation]]
j jj<i. ci>>
Letter of reduction
[Particle of subordination, preposition]
Vj>.
Ij'js*
Letter of elision
[Particle of apocope, jussive}
aji
t_9>>
Letter of sanction
[Particle of requital}
sL>> -2>>
t
Letter of plurality
[Particle of the plural}
^> ^Sjs-
AY
Letter of answer
[Particle of correlation}
<'!>>
*-*>>
Guttural letter
jli. tSjs*
[idem}
Letter of allocution
[Particle of address,
tÛai- ijs*
allocution}
"p.j
Slack letter
[Loose
letter}
\Sjs-
Letter of rejection
[Particle of disapproval}
cij ^jjs-
Letter of augmentation
[Letter of redundancy}
Silij
^j*"
Hard
letter
JuJi
ci\i>-
[>Jta /etter]
Letter of condition
bJ*
t_3
>>
E/dem]
Letter of the
group
(solar)
^-^
-ll.tv'
*-3>*
[Solar letter}
Sound
letter
/etter]
-3
>>
Ei'er/ecf
Sibilant letter
[Whistling
letter,
jJLfi
sibilant}
*-3
>>
Letter of circumstance
[Adverbial particle}
XSje *Sj>
Letter of exposition
a^J*"
^J^
t_3j!>
[Particle of requiring with urgency or with gentleness}
Letter of attraction
[Conjunction, copulative particle}
L jk'e.
At
Defective letter
CSo/<
/etfer,
iU
wea/c,
t-*j*-
infirm,
glide]
Neutral letter
[Particle without action]
J-kk
'-'^P'
Active letter
QOperaî've particle]
Jali
k-*^*-
Letter of finality
[Final adverb]
SjU
t-*j*-
Letter of oath
[jurative particle]
U
group
i-S^>
Letter of the
(lunar)
IgJeS
^j>
[Lunar
letter]
Neutralizing letter
[Restrictive particle]
Ji-*JI
J*-
^^ ^J^"
jJ
[jy>
Soft letter
[Weak
letter]
,-i-o
[Letter of formation]
*^j>
Extended
letter
Juo
*m2j>
[Letter of prolongation]
Raised
letter letter
JjcI~o
cj
Depressed
jU~o c*j*

[/lêcfive particle]
J*^
*~~*
^j*
Letter similar to LaY'Sa Letter of originality

[infinitival particle]
^^--L <uê
c*j*
k
^J'^^*
-'j-s"
Ai
H
Letter of conformity
[Aoristic particle}
C
4* jLao
t-S^p-
Foreign
letter (dotted)
(Js^îu)
*mu
t-S^p-
Letter of signification
[Particle,
cS**
-J ^*'
conjunction, preposition,
tool-word]
<fl* t-S^p-
Letter of concomitance
[Particle of association]
Letter of surprise
[Particle of occurrence]
oU>-Ulo
^j>
-J ^P'
Neglected
letter
letter,
J*$-
[Undotted
unpointed]
i JJ
k
Letter of lamentation
-J ^*'
[/dem]
Letter of call
[Vocative particle]
jlJ"
*Jj*
Letter of opening
[Subjunctive particle, accusative, of direct case]
c- .>fl
J^>
Letter of partial opening

[Conjunctive locution]
[- jA
tai
^j^
*J^>
Letter of negation
C/denf]
^yii
Letter of interdiction
[Prohibitive particle]
(_$
"-S^
Annulling
letter
jt->U
-J ^*'
[/dem]
Alphabetical letter
[idem]
^^**
^J>
AO
Ventilated letter
[Airy letter]
jli *-5^>
Letter of protection
[Letter o/ separation]
iilij *-5^>
To move
Vocalization
^j*
^kj^
[Mobilization]
Vowel
[Diacritic mark,
~0Z'j>-
vowel]
Z'j\H>
Apparent vowel
*'y-
Supposed vowel
[Presumptive vowel,
virtual]
Sjlil*
4$"^
-_p
*-
Modulated vowel
Convenient vowel
Vocalized
Xi"yj> ~&~j>-
i Li
~&'j>-
o^^
movent]
[Mobile,
To decrease
tSj^
\_
,'*-
To consider
Only
CJLi-
JuMaL
[...
numeration
calculation]
J*^ iL>C^J
o
Bracket
[idem]
%**$*
,-/>'*
To be present
Present time
\jis-
jj>î\ J^j
[idem]
Present verb
Û-
J*
AT
H
To
strike true
c
Jp.
Jr*^ ^j*"
of certainty]
S jlXaJl
[Particle of reality,
Right of priority
Truly
ji-
Ui-
Real status Real feminine
^Xaii^c*""
Jlij^
1
[Natural feminine]
Real masculine
L 5 ^J ^~ j
[Natural masculine]
Real descriptive
ls^c*
5*
"-^
^Proper adjective]
To narrate
Narrative
[Citation,
l^**"
ISUquotation,
imitation]
iuS>JI ajISU,j
-^
Narrative of the sentence Narrative of the isolated
iÎJI l&>ja
*~ -
Written narrative
*~>y&*
JJ_jil<>
%&>
%>\&s-
Pronounced narrative
To come down
In place
It
It
X>
J^*-" JUtiJl
Jii
^
*3
has
its
place
<J
<u^*
has no place
J^> ^
,y>
Its place in the analysis
t_jf^l
<&v>
In consideration of the place
J^*-"
l\s-\j
Ornament
Laudatorily
<ub*
Iju^>
AY
H
Father-in-law
C
^
g*.
,*
* <.
^>
<.
j*>
Eleventh
V-
ot>
t'pii t^l>
lili.
Far be
it
(except)
(
. . .
Present time
\jdemj
Jl
Jsj
j^\j>
Present verb
\jdemj
J*i
y&\J>
To hesitate To pass from one

To be impossible
Statutory sentence
jli.
status to another
Jl*.
JbJll
JU<LJ>-
[Circumstantial clause^
Status
Jli-
C^ccMsaf/we o/ state, of condition, gerund participle^

Status, sentence
5JUit
Jt-
[Complement of manner, circumstantial complement^

Real status
ZjLJl>- Jli-
Causal status
-o j
SLU. Jbjo'
**
Status, quasi-sentence
<JUi- 4-i
**
ijb**
^ j
Constitutive status
SI
-3^
* ' j
Jt**
Confirmative status
[jStrengthening accusative^
Isolated status
SoS"^ JU-
oiju* JU**,
"
**
Intentional status
Sijâl^ Jt-
Preliminary status
"^y
- ^
Jli-
iji^^l CjÛJlSdl Lj-C*>
Concerned by the status

[jSubject of statej
AA
H
Active element of the status
[Ôperative of the
C
,
JliJI J^l*
complement of manner^
ijij^ J**
Verb of transfer
\JTransmutative verftj
Come!
Where, wherever
. i
^
U y> c-y*
-
Moment
Come!
j->
[)^>
A^
K,KaE*w"
To know by experience
[Attributive sentence,
t\s*
i*
\j^"*>*-
enunciative^
Elimination of the predicate

Predicate
^>S\ u>&""2.
jf^
[Enunciative,
attribute, predicate^
"~2-
To inform
Predicate of the annuller Predicate of Ej'Na
[Attribute.. r\
i-llll 'JjJ
j|
J^.
Predicate, sentence
[Attribute,
2i-
"J.
sentence^
5I1p- ili
t
Predicate, quasi-sentence
C<4 ttribute,
"-J-
quasi-proposition^,
J
Predicate of
KaEDa
KaENa
ilS"
Jj.
[Attribute.. r\
Predicate of
OlT
î
*"-
C^ttnfcMte...H
Predicate of
LaE
[Attribute.. r\
Isolated predicate
-"
>j" JT~
K
Predicate of
MaE
..-
[Attribute...]
-
Position of the predicate Position of primate and predicate
J^*A\ XJy>
Jf^^J
[J~JI 4-J_r
To be special
Specification
\_P'articular-ization]
"aA>
^sCa^-l
Specific sentence
yl ecs~^\
i
iUit^>H~
Especially
Specified
"^jtaki
Special conjunctive
u*^ ^y*y
relative adjective]
[Relative personal pronoun,
To harang
Letter of allocution
LJa>
(_jlk>- iSji-
[Particle of address}
Spoken to
Lilki
[Second person]
Submission and reduction

[Genitive case, oblique,
indirect]
(.
.
.
~J>~3 lj^**"
Light
of confirmation
light
Jl juS^JI jjj
ii-A>
[Light corroborative,
energetic]
Behind
Outside of
Contrarily
(except)
uAt>
<,
li^s-
To be
fifth
.........
\î.
u^>.
tLll
Five nouns Five verbs Five
Lli- J til
^r
K
Five hundred
'.
t
<~J j
~
jII
--
o~-**~
"
'.
Twenty-five
Five thousand
Fifteen
ojj~*j
^*
o_rl* (j-**<.
^r-**-
_*
<LL--*t
Five hundred thousand

Fifty, the fiftieth
^'
U^ôi-JI
j_^-*^
Quinqueliteral
[j'entaliteral]
Fifth
^^~
l~AZo^r1* -?l' t
^rf lacr-*
1
Fifteenth
-r
1*
**
Attached to the
five
verbs
jwiJI JUs^L J^L>

tx"^^ ^J J
metre,
Quinqueliteral measure
\JPentaliteral form,
typej
To imagine
1*-
<\r
D,
To come
Attain!
to
VaELu
know
Jb
^
^ ji
d!lji
~Jzs
To penetrate
Incorporation
[/4 ssimilation,
fî
incorporation]
jJlit*
r^*\
t* -;
-a j
<**
<*->*
(i*o|
Indication
il*j|i
Below
Take!
jji
tiJJji
And so on
As long
as...
viLIIji
to last
(.
Z,
To mention
Masculinity
ZdELu"
Jli
i
j'i
j~> >
[idem}
^^sound,
regular,
J>
-**
*T
external}
Masculine
*
"^ l^*~ -r
[idem}
Real masculine
[Natural masculine}
lj
-r
-**
[Tropical masculine}
Mentioned included
jjS
<~
LJ
^-'
)
Verb of blame
[idem}
(J*f
V*
Possessor
This (masc)
of,
possessors of
yjl tjJ
Ij
These two (masc)

These two (masc)
jli
Jii
'-
Those
sMjt
SO
This (fern)
oj
(fern) (fern)
These two These two

Here
OU
Jj
Ui
Ulli
JiiJlj
This one (masc.)
These two (masc) These two (masc) These

This one
(fern) (fern) (fern)
dXî
ijJSJjl
ItXJ
iijlj
These two These two

There
ihl;
Jbi
jJUi
dijlj
That (masc)
Those two (masc) Those two (masc) Those

That
(fern) (fern)
dkj*
JJLjSj*
jjk
iijU
Those two
Those two (fem)

Over there Over there
This (fem)
-
dlL
iiJbi
=
*
r
|j
This (fem)
î
:
This (fem)
This (fem)
c
(...Ill)
Concrete noun
[^Substantive
oli
noun]
(
.
ijuJ\
j~I>J
oli
One evening
One morning
In such a
jllo
oli
'^
T^T^
way
C-O
R,
To see
RaE*u"
i\j tJ
^1".
Many
a.- (often, perhaps)
L>j
Maybe
To attach
Attachment
Attached
jj
Jjjj
JsUjI
*^y.j"
Connection
JsCj
Julj
Connector
To be fourth
Forty, the fortieth
ii".
0>~j^l tOj^jl
,
Four hundred thousand

Fourteen
Sîi.
Jt
5JLjJjl
~Zj\
îi- Siijl
Four thousand
Twenty-four
. :
^^1
huj\
'djji-f'j "*>J
Four hundred
Four
Quadriliteral
olL
2ZJ\
*jjI
t^jl
f^.rjj
\jdemT\
Fourth
ibulj
*LjIj
R
Fourteenth
Quadriliteral verb
Ijts- ulj
4
jts- _Jj
u^VJ o*3
[idem]
Denuded
quadriliteral
"^^.j *_?>*
[Simple quadriliteral, bare of any accessory, naked]

IS
,~J
Augmented
quadriliteral
^yj
augmented]
^.j*
[Redundant
Quadriliteral
quadriliteral,
measure
metre,
u^j
type]
ojj
[Quadriliteral form,
To arrange
EaB'JaD
order
*-Jj
i-^'
^'J
t_~j jj
[idem]
Alphabetical order
^ L>â
[idem]
Ordinal numeral
ls^-^ jJ*
gradation,
[Number of
ordinal]
jt**"
Position of the predicate Position of the verb Position of verb and agent Position of the agent Position of the primate Position of primate and predicate
J#li!lj
Vj^
^-"j^
J**"
JiiM jj^
J*li!l j
la~*)l *~>y
jt^'j [x~J\ Xjy

(
.
Verb of probability
[Verb of preponderance, of probability]
3*f
ols**-j
To go back To hope
Letter of sollicitation
*^-j
>j
ry
\\
R
Verb of hope
%\>-j
J*i
[Verb of desire]
To soften the voice

Euphony
[Curtailment, softening]
*>j
f-f~y
Euphony of the
Euphonic
Called euphonic
called
(îbUl ?-_?
*3-y ^~J*
(
. . .
iji\^>
Slack letter
[Loose
letter]
cJ j>-
y>j
Letter of rejection
[Particle of disapproval]
cJ j-
To give sustenance
<jjjj
To watch over
In consideration of the pronunciation In consideration of the place
^*j
iiiJJI a\t-\y
J^J'
olpl_^
To
lift
ij
with regular ending
in
Noun
f&S
V^JI
('
[Noun
the subject case]
[indicative nunation]
^^j
Regularity
"*ij
[Subject case, nominative,

Regularity of the noun
indicative]
*lMI
^j
[Subject case of the noun]

Regularity of the verb
[indicative case of the verb]
J*aJI '^'j
Regulator
ilj
R
Personal of regularity
.-
j j
J; .^
[Nominative pronoun]
Sign of regularity
jj
>S
Verb with regular ending

[indicative verb]
\^y J**
Ending
in regular
u
indicative]
}j*j*
[in the subject case, nominative,
Nouns with
regular ending
Cjfcjiy
Annulled nouns with regular ending
f^G*
v^"j
"^^'j
To mount
Composition
[Construction]
Non-linguistic composition
Is*^
"
{
"*-~j>
'jfi%
j ^ ~L~j
"kli-
Cj[S'JJ\
[idem]
Composite proper noun
~LS'y
"Ji-
[idem]
Composite numeral Composite speech
"LSy "LSy
"s'Ss-
[idem]
Composite
ZJ'j>
[idem]
Jîbll ZJZ'y
[Attributive compound, predicative]
Annexed composite
[Prothetic
t5*î
*-
J*
compound]
JSl* "LJ>"J>
Rational composite
*\
R
Irrational
J
J*&
jf-
composite
^
V^ j*
Mixed composite
^Synthetic compound^
Useful composite
ls^-J*
>**
^y
^-4}j
Slowly!
Fourth
Fourteenth
OjJix- i*jlj
i*jlj t^rf'j
t
j~- -j'j
To go away
While
rjj
u-ij
While
twj
-r
Z,
To claim To
last a
ZaEYw"
long time
I^'j
J
j*j
i>*j
Noun
Time
of time
0&j
0&j
p-l
<-C?J
[>dem]
Present time
j-^l^JI
^j
0"J
{idem}
Time of the verb

C/dem]
Future time
[/denf]
J**-
11
JJlu~*JI
^j
O-O
Past time
Cfcfenf]
^LJI
" J --
Circumstantial of time
\_Adverb 0/ rime,
0& j *-^
accusative of time}
eJ
Gorgeous
To furnish
To augment
"
.'
-4
*JJ
^ J
"
7
Augmented noun
[Redundant, augmented noun]
-^J
(*-"'
*T
z
Measures of the augmented verb
[Augmentative types]
j
o
JujiJI u'jji
Sibj
i_3j?-
[Letter of redundancy]
Augmented
julj
Augmented verb
[Redundant, augmented verb]
-
\y jii
_
t
..
Augment, augments
C/JedMMdanfH
Ol-bj^
Juj^
^ - j
Augments of
the
triliteral
J>^^ j\\y
[Redundant
triliteral]
Augments of
the quadriliteral
lsÎt"
d\\y
jXai
[Redundant quadriliteral]
Augmented
original
infinitive]
Juji
[Redundant
Past augmented ignored

Past augmented
J^fr?^ ^j#jJbw Juj^

5
known
^^ Û
ejli
Augmented HaM'Zaf
[Redundant, augmented...]
Not... to
Julj
cease
(...U) Jlj
"
S,
SiYNu"
j^
^
\j
j_,."
.
1
In the future (Later)
To cause
Causal status Causal descriptive
2LH, J"^-_ Co<J
Glory to
jGilii
Seven Seven hundred
^
j
.
,
,'..
.
,
',.
OliU X^>
*
Twenty seven
Seven thousand
Seventeen
3">*i
f.\
'..
^JV?
.'
*i
!
J*z
Seven hundred thousand

Seventy, the seventieth
ciJI AjUj1i
OjillJI
ij jVi'-
To precede
Preceding future Preceding past
JjL,
;".
jili
^li
Ij&ili
"y, .. Ju>
JjL,
Pulverizing
In replacement
Six
Six
<Ci
hundred
Clio
Twenty-six
OjyLe'j
S
Six
j*
uiVT
*i-
thousand
oîi
Sixteen
Six
C-
^Si sL
sll
ft
hundred thousand
^|
Oj}
-,..
Sixty, the sixtieth
J jj| JjL
t
Sexiliteral
measure
metre,
J^-IJU
[Sexiliteral form,
type]
Qi<*ly
Secretly
j fc -
r^,
To be low
Inferior
j^
JjC
j^,
J
.
genus
letter
"^
jj^.
Depressed
To water
V,
'j^,
To be quiet
-
j <l'-M jSl

Quiescent
[...
J^CS\
*ldl ^jj|
%$s^
without motion]
Quiescence Quiescence
[Rest, pause,
">SCJ
"oS^>
absence of vowel, quiescence]
",
Quiescent
[Without motion]
Quiescent Quiescent
O
Y
intact
%^C
"j\j
%g\^ \
'jj
To remain
1)C
J*jji
V^.
[Perfect feminine plural,
*"\
'
S
o*
JC
sound,
regular,
(<Jl
jZla
*>-
external]
Sound
intact verb
?e~>w
J-**
[Regular normal verb}
To
listen
expressions
- a
>
Common
Listening
"ts-y^~ UlAJI
UH
f-lil.
Listen
Empirical
[/^~"
irregular]
[Popular, from hearsay,

Empirical measure
[irregular type,
metre,
i^*'^ Ojj
form]
Zs-^L 5j*i
Empirical
HaM'Zaf
/rom hearsay, irregular]
[Popu/ar...,
To be exalted
Noun
Uli
.-.I
Five nouns
f.
<~**-
L_J
*~l
Nouns
of quantity
J.*^
Attached nouns
4SiJ< tL_l
Nominal
J^
Nominalization
[inflection
<u-l
Ml v'j*'!
of the noun, declension]

o
Measures of nouns
sLMI jljj
nouns,
metres,
[Forms o/
tfie
types]
\*W
o*
Sructure of the noun
^^1
invariability]
ill,
[Uninflectedness of the noun,

Variability of the
noun
JL.^1
Jsu^
[Conjugation of the noun, declension]

[indirect case of the noun,
oblique,
*Ltf\
genitive]
311
"J>-
Nominal sentence
*Ui-
[idem]
J
*LS\ *ij
[Subject case of the noun]

Signs of nominalization
?l^.^l Slo-^l
oliî
t
Compatible of nominalization
[Established in the perfect inflection]
^ jS^
Openness of the noun

[Direct case of the noun,
accusative,
*1^T LJU;
regimen,
adverbial]
~_\
To lean on
Reference
[Attribution, predication]
;' ..
"jlll.1
"
i
i\iL\ 1J>"J>
[Attributive compound, predicative]
Information
[Attribute]
Subject
[Correlative of attribute]
<u)|
ZiuL\ ~J
[Attributive relation, predicative]
Later
(in
the future)
\SC*
i/j->
Other than
if
To worsen
The
rest
i*L 5jti *
t
j^>
Seventh Seventeenth
tJ-J"
j-ii "*
Preceding future
(J^*-*) Ji"
(
Preceding past
Sixth
^
r
t
--*
<UJil
tj*oLi
(JH" r
Sixteenth
Inferior genus
5ji iLoLt
(

ji j*oL
)
u~^"
(
. . .
J^"
Not excepting
-^
'
X, XiYNm"
Personal of consideration
[_Pronoun of the fact]
jl~>
J>
j&
<Li<
(...^w?)
To resemble
Noun
of similar quality
verbal adjective]
Hr^
**>*
Âssimilate epithet,
Quasi-sound noun
\jQuasi-normal noun]
[j'article
^sxâSL <d
^1
<u~J <~j>-
of comparison]
*-s j9" J**- ^ *r~*
1

\_Adjective particle]
Letter similar to
La VSa
rA>
^^ ^ y-t
Status, quasi-sentence
iUi- <ui
*Jui- I-
Quasi-sentence
CGwas/-propos///on]
?]*> <Li
Quasi-sound
Quasi-explicit
r
^swaJb
^jlaJL
<uJi -uî
Similar to the verb

[Âdjective]
J*^
^r"
\\\
'
Similar quality
V-"-" ****
[Assimilate epithet,
Similar
verbal adjective]
""
j_sUaJb CLa
[Quasi-prefixed]
tiUuJb
lii
^jli
Both are separated
Jti
"j&
To tense
Hard
letter
Ibji <Sy-
[Rigid letter]
Tension
jJi
[Gemination]
'
Tense
'/'
[Geminate]
To make conditions
Conditional article
J
V>i
J~ oOl
[Hypothetic article]
Conditional noun
JJi III
r
tbjt.
SJUi-
[Hypothetical clause, double sentence]
l>Jzf\ L>\'j^
[Apodosis of the protasis, result depending upon the condition]

Letter of condition
b'Ji,
<Sy-
[idem]
.
Condition
[Protasis,
J*
condition]
e'V*,
To
initiate
UY
X
Verb of
initiative
cr*
J
(
j,
J"f
j^>
[inchoative verb]
To occupy somebody
Occupation Occupation of the place
Occupied
Replacer
Titular
J*^
JU~i!
J^"
^
JU-Jl
V'"--*
J?"**"^
J_yLL
<^ J_y^
To be
split
i>^~*
J(>--'
Derived noun
Derivation
<j\JtJ:\
[idem]
Interpreted as
if it
were derived
Jî-JL
Sjy
J^-*
Derived
Derived radical
J^'
Jr-"^ <j^
i3~~
Derived attached to the radical

Deriptive interpreted as
if it
&-2~
were derived
J^lJL Jjj^ Cou

J^-* >^*
l
Derived descriptive
[Derived epithet]
Derived indeterminate
uc~** oJ*j
.
Solar
(letter
of the
"
.0-
group,...)
\...^j-
^^>
J*^<
[idem]
To englobe
Global substitution
[Substitute of implication,
J^Li J -^
comprehensive substitution]
\\r
Global contirmative
Left
Jjli 'jSy
3 Li
Hi
S,
Patiently
SaEDw"
*\+P <.jf
\J~0
l*~
Morning and evening
r^
^fi
'
To be
in
good health
^f
Sound noun
[Regular noun, normal, sound]
w
-
|**"
Quasi-sound noun
^"~aJ ^ V" * p"
[Quasi-normal noun]
Sound
letter
&T*"
*-*>"
[Perfect letter]
Quasi-sound
r^^^.
-
<
^r*'
Sound verb
[Perfect verb,
V-
Cr^"*"* v**-
normal]
Sound
intact verb
^y
^tf""
-9
J*f
[Regular normal verb]
Sound doubled verb

[Geminate perfect verb]
tU
HaM'ZaT
jj***
^??
w? <-^
Sound verb having a
?y J*f
j-1-^
[Hdmza
verb]
To
thrust out the breast
UO
S
Noun
of origin
Original
jP
jX^*JI *-*i -JO
j-^^
infinitive,
-.'
noun
[[Noun of action,
masdar}
SjljuâJI
Right of priority
Letter of originality
[jnfinitive particle]
Js-
, o*a<
i_i .s-
Priority
SjIjlms
Original
jJuai
infinitive,
[[Noun of action,
Explicit original
Artificial original
masdar]
Ojy
jJu^w
rîj^ S^~&>
^^*
infinitive']
jJwai
^Technical
Denuded
original
^j^* S-^"
bare of any accessory, bare root]
Juji jJuai
[[Simple infinitive,
Augmented
original
infinitive,
[Redundant
Original in
augmented]
L?
M
clearly
r' jJua*
Sincerely
liju^
To explain
Tj^
wuJLaJl <u~i
te-\j~e
Quasi-explicit
Frankly
Interpreted as
if it
were explicit
^jâJl
Ssy
j Jua
Explicit original
w^
Jj4^
To turn away
Invariable
^j-fi
j;;* (-l
noun
[Unconjugated noun, uninflected]
s>
"
.
s -
'J
Variable noun
<_$j*a^>
[Conjugated noun, inflected]

Declined noun, prohibited from variation jj*a)\ ,y fy-**
|~D(ptote]
y^w uj
-*
<_$j*a^
Noun
<_$j*aJI
j^
f^-*"*
i*-"
Varied noun
[Triptote]
Variability
<_$j*a^>
i_ij*aJ
[Conjugation, plasticity]
- - J
-
Variability of the
noun
inflection]
*MI i_ij*aJ
[Conjugation of the noun,
J~'
?^>
<~*ij^>
[idem]
<-Hj^
c-jj-a>
**
?v jSa
-*
cJjj-a>
'-5
_r
,"
[Letter of conjugation,
of declension]
*-5j~t>
Morphology
[idem]
Invariable circumstantial
t_Sj-û j~z
<_$j*2^
^y> ^J
Variable circumstantial
Invariable
<~Jj*az* j-p
[Unconjugated, aplastic]
Variable verb
t_Sjâi
J*i
[Conjugated verb]
S
Variable
^fi
j_^
a L;
[Conjugated, plastic]
Complete variable
Incomplete variable
Declined and prohibited from variation
[Diptote]
j^
u/<
}^jz* ^j*&!
uiJUJI j* \y^J>
Declined and varied

[Triptote]
Prohibited from variation
J^ Uj
OjiaJI
^ 9y->*
^J^\.
[Diptote]
Varied
[Triptote]
To be small
Diminutive noun
jiLfi
^Ca. 111
[idem]
Diminution
j
A/?"
[idem]
Minimal sentence
[Simple sentence]
Diminutive
jL&>
tj*~e *Usr
[idem]
Source of the diminution
o
descriptive]
jV.<?
Qualificative, root to represent the quality

[U^/ecfiVe,
epithet,
i_a*j 4JLI 44*0
Similar quality
[Verbal adjective, assimilate epithet]
^".m "
3^
V
Noun of similar
quality
(...
j-Q îf,"
UA
S
Sibilant letter
[Whistling
letter,
(
.
.
j*
.
^j>-
j^fi
sibilant]
Bond of conjunction
[Antecedent of the relative sentence]
Artificial original
Jj-^jiJI <U0
( "/-*<**
[g^^f
[Technical infinitive]
Silence!


[Subject o/ stated
JliJI *-*>*
To become To
give a
jt^
form
ft*
Form
j-
..
Form of
the noun
pNI
[Shape of the noun}

Imperative
mood
j"*' **?f
[imperative aspect]
Mood
of the verb
J**11
~**?f
[Verbal aspect]
Conform mood
jUJI
<i~^
[Unaccomplished aspect]
Past
mood
[Accomplished aspect]
<gf^ i*r f
'
To fashion
\>*
D,
DaEDw"
SQ> Lj*
0~C"i*f
In the morning
To be conform
- '
Yj-0
J J
\_Aoristic particle}
apjLa*
^ po
Conform mood
Ûnaccomplished aspect}
* jUiiJ?
ii^
Conform verb
Ûnaccomplished verb}
fjUai jli
Conform ignored verb

[[Unaccomplished passive verb}
Jj4=^ fjCai J*i
Conform known verb

[[Unaccomplished active verb}
*ty**
}j&
S**
Comform
[[Aorist,
f-jUai
unaccomplished,
imperfect}
(
. .
.
Modulation of necessity
[Exigency nunation, license}
^>_y3
Sjjj-^p
To double
Sound doubled verb
[[Geminate perfect verb}
ui'uf
oiÛai
"?^r*~*
e J**
\r
D
Doubled
[Geminate[
jfi
cjU-La*
To bring together
Vowel
u, regular
1^
Z*J>
Vowel u", regular modulated
jhLU
To think
Personal
that
y*&
[Personal pronoun[
Personal noun
r"
OjluJI
J - it
-*
[Personal pronoun^
Personal of the described noun
jy*~*>
"j~*-J>
Prominent personal
jjC
[idemj
[Genitive pronounj
'J>-
*j~J>
[indicative pronoun^
*ij
^w
Personal of consideration
c\ZS\ j~*-J>
[Pronoun of the
Apparent personal
fact,
of the storyj
jaU
j^*-J>
[External pronoun, manifest^

Returning personal
[Relative pronoun,
Juli"j
J>
antecedent^
Personal of separation, support

[Distinctive pronoun,
jU*
J*ai j^-J>
supporf]
Connected personal
[Affixed pronoun, connected^
J-2^ jy^>
\y\
D
Latent personal
jfi
j *
{idem}
-a J
at

Obligatorily latent personal
\j\yr
^yrJ
J?*~*
j^~*
Supposed personal
{Presumptive pronoun]
Separated personal
{isolated pronoun, detached, separate]
jâ* j?y*
J?4***
J^^
1 >
Personal of opening
{Accusative pronoun]
Implicit
Accents
{Complementary signs]
hj\j^
To annex
Noun
of annexation
3
j
\J\jf
I*""
{Prothesis,
noun of annexation]
Annexing noun
{Prothetic noun]
JU<
<J| i_sua
*-i
Annexed noun
*-l
{Postflxed, governed, determinative complement]
Annexation
{Prothesis,
4iLl
annexation, prefixion]
Annexation ot the sentence

{Phrasal prothesis]
Oral annexation
iUiJI 4Lt
Ziaii 4iLl
C/mproper, impure annexation, annexation of qualification]
Moral annexation
î^** *l*|
[Proper, pure annexation, annexation of dependence]
D
Non-annexing
[jVoH-protfietfcf]
jfi
cJ l^
-*
Annexed composite
[Prothetic
ts
^9
J"
compound]
i_$LaJb
<ui-
Annexing
tJU^
Annexed
\^Postfixed,

L^*
>YT
I,
TaE*u"
i\b
ib
- j
End of the word

[jdemj
All without exception
JI
J>'^
KJe
To
set about
(
.
.
Jib
.
Long EaL/F
Potential
i_iM
iL^Js
iSUu
To be prolonged
UJUs
>rt
>
,
To be
fine
qdE*u"
tUJ
iJ
*-*j^
*
Circumstantial noun
^j"
T*
(*""
[Adverbial noun, circumstantial complement, prepositive phrase]

Vj^ *^t
local sentence]
[Adverbial sentence,
t^J*
^-f
[Adverbial particle]
Circumstantial
>^J*
[Adverb, circumstantial complement, prepositive phrase]

O^j -^y>
t
[Adverb of time, accusative of time]

^j~a^
-
jS-
^jo
Vague circumstantial
.
f4?"
-
^J"
-.'-..
-j
(_Sj**ia
j,
^J"
.
-r.
Limited circumstantial
Circumstantial of place
C^dverft of place,
ij^^v
<-iy>
-*
O^
accusative of place]
- _
-s ^ '
Pro-circumstantial
^J*
V^
J*
[Adverbial deputy]
To remain
in existence
UO
To suppose To appear
Apparent vowel
[External voweP\
..
jii
Jê
oysUi
'*_?-
Apparent personal
[jtfani/i?s*
y>U j~o-^
pronoun^
y>U
manifest,
explicit^
if
Apparent
[External,
Apparent sign
ays It Z^yi-
[idemj
Apparent active element
Apparent passive element
ysLli
J^l*
ysUs Jj**<
U1
o^
R, RaY'Nw"
To be astonished
Noun
of astonishment
J^s-
c^
y>*
j*1
[jVown o/ surprise]
EaF'RaL
of astonishment
e-^JcJI J*il
o/ surprise]
Astonishment
[Surprise,
wonder]
_j>oCi
J/
Astonishing!
L*p
- 'J
Astonished
t
Object of astonishment
*^f
v^
J*
^->* j*1
To count
Numeral noun
DVomb of number]
Distinctive of the
number
aJ*JI
j^J
[Specification of number]
*
- -
Numeral
[jVu/nfter]
*->*
R
Cardinal numeral
t
Is^9 iJ*
?
--
[idem]
Ordinal numeral
uzPJ'
gradation,
iJkp
[Number of
Knotted numeral
ordinal]
ij**-
iJ*
[Decimal number]
Composite numeral
<-J> '
sSs-
[idem]
Attracted numeral
i_$_jk* sjs-
[Coupled number]
Isolated numeral
J^
iJs-
[Idem]
Numbered
[Counted object]
ijJ*w
To pass over
Transitivity
Jut
<uJL*i
[idem]
Save (except, outside
Transitive verb
of)
I
J*
A*^
J**
[idem]
Transitive
Jii*
Transitive over three patients Transitive over
Jr*^
^^
lsÎ
,Jk
*~*
two patients
ftvo
JJyJLt
A>cu
[[Governing
complements]
To speak pure Arabic

Declined noun
[inflected noun,
VO*
Vj**
p'
declined]
ua
'
R
if
t
-"o
J
1
Declined noun and prohibited
Oj*aJI j* f^*^
Vj*
from variation
tf
^jjâ^
oj*
,0J 40
1
j*-*'
rf
,- o
Declension
[inflection, parsing]
V'j*;

[inflection of the noun,
p-M' v'j*!
declension]
*U*JI ^jf-\
[Sentence syntax]
OjiJI ^j?\

[inflection of the
verb,
J~'
declension]
'Sj>u
,
v'j*!
V'j*!
1
V jp )" s- ^'
v'j*! ****
I^'j*!
Sign of declension
Declined verb
[inflected verb]
J**
^j** J*3
Rules of arabic grammar

Declined word
Its place in the analysis
SL^JJI iiDl -xply

<> j**
**&
*>**
t-jf^l ja
Declined
[inflected]
u^w
OjâJi ,y fj^ yj*<

[Diptote]
\X\
R
Declined and varied
[Triptote]
t
JsJa L/î
'jfij*
To expose
Letter of exposition
j\*j
i_^j*
-
<lj J~
[Particle of requiring with urgency or with gentleness ]
Dasn
[idem]
&>
tfj*
noun
To be acquainted with
Definite
^^ "Jj
j^J^
,
[Determinate noun, definite]

Definition
[Determination, definition]
.-
AJ
'r
.j^ ^j>-
[Definite article]
Made
definite
by
EaV
jl
J^
%^
Definite
[Determinate]
To be near
Ten thousand
==z^;?
-
J^\ f
'o/Jl*}}
4
fa.
Twenty, the twentieth
j/Ji*
~\J*Wa
'
To sympathize
J^ ^J
[Conjunction, copulative particle]

Attracted numeral
Li jiJji "{S*
[Coupled number]
\r>
R
Attraction
t
l
_ila*
[Coordination, coupling, apposition, syndesis]

o\Z uOsi-
[Syndetic explicative, explanatory apposition]

Coordinating attraction
jlj U&ai-
[Connection of sequence, syndetic serial}

if
Attracting
cjiiali
[Copulative,
syndetic]
Attracted
Jsja^*
[Coupled]
Attracting
<uli-
*Js&U
[Antecedent]
To be inactive
Neutral
letter
JJai
Ltli JsJ-
[Particle without action]
Neutral
JL>
[Without action]
To be
rational
Jiii
Rational
Jili
[Endowed with reason]

Irrational
Jili
'Ji.
[Not endowed with reason]

Rational composite
Irrational
JSli ZJ>~J>
J
composite
JSli Jj- 1J>"J>

(
. .
Knotted numeral
[Decimal number]
1 jlc-
j i4c
To have a defect
Defection
"ji
3Sl
\r\
R
Defection of
t
'
HaM'ZaT
o>*JI j!**j
Defection by quiescence Defection by elimination Defection by conversion

Letter of causality
vÛJL
i_s
\}*&\
i^JL jSl
k_JLSJL
J^l
>J>J&-
Lll
*SjJ~U;
[Particle assigning the cause or reason]
Defective letter
aI*
[Soft
letter,
weak, infirm, glide]
Defect
Defective verb
U
Ji* j*i
[infirm
Defective
verb,
weak]
J-jw
infirm,
[Weak, unsound,
Defective in R, hollow
glide]
*-*jsr'
i
0?*^
J1**
[Abnormal concave]
Defective in F, modal
JlL
s ll)l
J-ji
[Abnormal assimilate]
Defective in L, deficient
^-aiL;
t
SuI
jjji
[Abnormal defective]
It
may be
(perhaps)
Ji
Jje
Above
To hang upon To know
Proper noun
JJi
lii
Ji- 111
j-^>{
iJ* ('
To
notify
-T
1&
\rr
R
To
learn
Plural of proper
t
'Jjc
nouns
a^MI
***-
\jdern\
~^~*r
p&

\jdenf\
y-S
'
y Js"Js-
Simple proper noun

\jdern\
ijw
Sign
&yi^lîL-l }
Question mark
\jdem\
Sign of declension
vG*i ^*
l/
-
Quotation marks
\jdenf\
^ ^^*
Exclamation mark
JUaJI iM*
Sign of structure
%^t
<*^*
<*^*
J
-
^-^
Punctuation mark
\jdenT\
^J> <*^*
Colon
rfy
^^*
Mark of
continuity
*^'
Xa*jH-
Sign of reduction Sign of elision
^=r Zyi-
^ j=r <*!/#
i_iii- <*î-
Dots of suspension
[7dem]
rr
R
Brackets
\jdem~\
Sign of regularity
I
l^, Zî-ij Xa$sSysllJ
Apparent sign
&S&
Supposed sign
Sign of opening
o~Jjj Ze'yi-
<J^>
Xa*$s-
r
is...)
.,
,
^l Cs&yi_jJUi
Known
verb (whose agent
(i-li)
jii
\]_Active
verb]
Past, denuded,
known verb known verb
"fj^ "^J*^
^t*
J**
Past, augmented,
}J** \j o*^ J**

"?y* *?&**
Known conform
[Âctive
unaccomplished]
Known
\]_Active]
}J^
To be high
Superior genus
*
^tc Jli
,;.
Raised
letter
J*^~*
j>-
Above
Ji
in,
On
(according to, against, at, by, during, for,
Js.
incumbent upon, over, through,
to,
upon)
''yi.
What
for?
risk
is
At your own
IlLJ6 JjIIp
...
The one who

Attracting
mourned
<Qp
<Jji.
"fs^jtj*
1)^1^
[Ântecedent]
Not preferred
& Xaii
li
About what?
\ri
R
To support
Pillar
I
X>i
lCJ><jT
S
of the sentence
jui
[Sentence support, essential element.. J

Support, personal of separation
jlâi
^-s
jI**
support]
To act
Active letter
J^
L
t_i^*-
HOperafive particle]
Syntactic action
jjiG*' J-**
l$j>^> *X*sLli.
Active element
[Operative,
regent]

[Specification operative]
j^
11
J*
JlkJT Jli
[Operative of the complement of manner]

Oral active element
"jnHe J^l*
Û
<J*j Iî
Lli
Eliminated active element
J^l*
J-*
I*
Moral active element

Inactive
Isy^
^
lii
DVon-operaf/vel]
Active verb
Lli
[Operative verb]
It
has no action
ij
Ci ^
J jw
Passive element
[Uccusafive]
jaU Jj*ju>
R
Eliminated passive element
I
t-Sj J^
J^jk
lii
About which About

off,
(according to,
away from,
for,
from,
in, in
place of,
JJt
on,
out of)
In charge
Titular
ii Jjjli
'iSs-
Jjlii
'xs.
At
To mean
Abstract noun
ri
^*.
*J
[idem]
Moral annexation
*iy** 4U>I
[Proper annexation, pure, annexation of dependence]
Moral confirmative
[Corroboration in meaning]
l$j^
"-iSy
jJW k-Jj*(
[Particle,
tool-word]
~iy**
J* I*
Moral feminine
Useful meaning
l$j^ *tly
"jJu>
^Jw
itc
To return
Returning personal
[Relative pronoun, antecedent]
juli
^~w
Returning
juli
(
ill
^jli
i^.lis
Dash
Tenth
\'J&.
îli
To exchange
^tc
in
R
Compensation
Modulation of compensation
I
u^ty"
u^j*" uiJ^
[idem]
Never (future)
a*j*
(...J>J~) Jbli
Neutral letter
[Letter without action]
Superior genus
. (
ri-
Jt*
iali
Generally
To spy on
Concrete noun
jl*
^
*^f-
Self-confirmative
xS
'
Eye
Evidently
^
UCi-
Fault
[Deformity]
\XV
G, GaY'Nw"
To come
in the
jli
i
I
morning
ji
Tomorrow
Early in the morning
\j.
jj|
j*
To exhort
Exhortation
[instigation,
\$
y&
t\~j.\
incitation]
Exhorted
Exhorting
Object of the exhortation
<o
^'j^
>
jU
>'_)*
To help
Help
[Call for help]
uj
'&'''
Helping
[Person called
to
aid]
Helped
#
against
^
Li 'tf-"
person
whom
aid
is
required]
Absent
[Third person]
To depart from To be
different
j^li
".&
G
Invariable
t
j
ji
a
<_>-y
j^
t\L*\
noun
<JJ*iz*
-_l
[Unconjugated noun, uninflected]

^*^T j^
"iSj!
j;-.*;
Invariable circumstancial
J_^* jJ-
J>J>a
'Jj-
<JJe
J
Other
Irrational
jJJ
Jil* Jj-
[Not endowed with reason]

J
Inactive
J^li- Jj-
[Non-operative]
Unconfirmed
[Non-corroborative]
oSTji
'Jj-
Invariable
^jj*e Jjuninflected]
[Unconjugated,
Incompatible
[Uninflected]
(jû
'J^-
Non-annexing
[Non-prothetic]
t_3Uai
"\le

[Diptote,
J>j>\
^p ^f^*
short inflection]
J
Incomplete variable
Irrational composite
il;
Jj-
d)J^
"LS'y
jJ- o^j
Jili- j^p
io_j*aJii
Non-intentional indeterminate
Intentional not described indeterminate
iijây jJ-
2~}j*aJ& l'_^j
Most often
Letter of finality
[Final adverb]
(
. . .
Uli
ls^ )
Sili
\X\
F,
For (and
FaE*u"
,
i& i<J
\j
(
.
so, so that, then, therefore)
Not., to desist
JJ
To open
*I9
*-bL-l lJj*inceptive,
{Particle of commencement,
initiaQ
iiî
Vowel
a,
open
Vowel a", open modulated
jLicJ
j\i
jlyl
To be alone
Singularity
[7de/nJ
Oli
jâJI j~J
i'yu>
{J~^r
Isolated genus
Narrative of the isolated

Isolated status
Isolated predicate Isolated numeral
j^JI &>ojjA< JU-
Iîi
"iyu>
*jj>-
1 Jlp
{idem}
Simple proper noun
\jdem~]
"ijv> "Ji-
One by one
<J~^'j*
- ,J
Singular
iy*
{idem}
Isolated Isolated Isolated called
sju>
^jc*
"sy*
(
.
.
<*&
)

**-~a>
^y
^j*
JâS
To separate
Jr "-*
-
^f
j~w
j~s
[Particle of distribution]

ju^
J*ai
support]
yajCj>
{
Separated personal
[isolated pronoun,
detached,
separated]
iLsli
Comma
[idem]
Separated
[isolated,
J-^jLu
detached, separated]
To prefer one
Noun
to another
^JaA
of preference
Jr*^
p-"'
[Comparative noun, of preeminence, of superiority]
EaF'RaL
[...
of preference
J^^
J**
of comparison, of preeminence of superiority]

[Superfluous,
iUiJI iLai
redundancy, dispensable member...]
Aside from
Preferred
%î
J-^"
-ul*
Not
preferred
J-^>
\i\
F
To do
Verbal noun
[interjection,
infinitive
(J
"V^j
l^j
r
J '\
noun, onomatopoeic exclamation]

Jpli
Agent-noun
[Present participle, active, agent noun]
Patient-noun
Jjiai 111
[Past participle, patient noun]

[inflection
J**jf L>f^l
of the verb, declension]

.v_J>JdI Jiil
EaF'RaL
[...
of astonishment
o/ SMrpnse]
of preference
EaF'RaL
L...
..y-\\
Jij|
o/ comparison, of preeminence, of superiority]

,u
EaF'R/L B/Hj
[...
jj|
o/ comparison]
Five verbs
Lli- J til
Other patients
[invariability of the
J^*
Culil 2lL
verb]
*,

[inflection,
J*i)l
Ju^
conjugation of the verb]
Elision of the verb
X^S\ \'y.
[Apocope of the verb]

*=.0
.
-.
Verbal sentence
Oii
iL>-
[idem]
J*J^
"&*
<Sj>-
[Adjective particle]
F
<J
JîJI ij
[Subject case of the verb,
indicative case]
Time of the verb

[idem]
Similar to the verb
jLLll
J^'j
ikiJL.
4~2
[Adjective]
Mood
of the verb
verb,
ikijT
tL^>
[Shape of the
Exclamation mark
aspect]
JliiJl
X^t-
[idem]
Verb
[Action,
J^
verb]
Agent
[Verbal subject, agent]
J*li
Agent
function
Jc*^-*
^*-^
two patients
*^ ij\ -^ OrJ*^ iJl -^

J*^'
J*UJl
**.'-'
[Governing two complements]

Position of the verb Position of the agent
Position of verb and agent
Patient
VV
o"^
*"-
~ i-~ -
J*^b
subject, patient]
J*^' V-f
"i
JyuU
object, passive
[Complement of
First patient
C...
Jjl JyuL>
adverb]
aj
Direct patient
Jyu^
[Direct object, complement of object]
ur
F
Second patient
[...
<J
jU
complement]
JIJ
J_jiii
objective
Third patient
Circumstantial patient
J^ji
<us J_jiii
[Adverb, circumstantial complement, prepositive locution]
Causal patient
iJjl <d^-^
J Jui
CCausafive object, accusative of cause or reason]
Absolute patient
[Unrestricted object,
absolute,
jilai J_jiii
cognate accusative]
am>
Concomitant patient
^yJu>
[Complement of accompaniment, concomitate

Patient
-
object)
3_yii
function
Patients
J^^
five
Attached to the
verbs
SllklT Jlii^L jkli

JjuLH
Openness of the verb

[Direct case of the verb, subjunctive]
LJUi
Pro-agent
CSuftyecf of the passive,
Jpli v_JU
apparent subject]
jila*
Absolute pro-patient
J_yui t_JC
Hollow verb
CCo weave verb]
Imperative verb
t-*^l J**
y>\
J*3
Verb of transfer
[Transmutative verb]
SiJ9^ J*5
2 *
Complete verb
U J*i
Mi
F
Triliteral verb
cS
->
'JM
-
J*9
Inert verb
[Primitive
verb,
Jwl>
i-
V V
J*5
aplastic,
stiff,
unipersonaQ
"
Present verb
[idem]
j-*l> J*5
>-
Verb of blame
[idem]
Quadriliteral verb
fi j*j
^
X
.-J
".
uj
J*5
E/dem]
Verb of probability
[Verb of preponderance, probability]
Ol**>j J*9
Verb of hope
Cêrft
sl>j J*i
o/ desire]
Verb of initiative
[Verb of commencement, inchoative]
fjj* J*j
Sound verb
[Per/ec*
verfe,
^"-^ J*5
normal, sound]
Sound verb having a HaM'ZaT

[Normal hemza verb]
*J*.*-*.'.
jj"*^ Cr*""*
J*5
Sound doubled verb

[Geminate perfect
verb,
ui*Lm 2?^^
deaf]
*H- fcr*"?
cf*
Sound
intact verb
J*5
H/Jegw/ar normal verb]
Active verb
Hoperafive
verfe]
Jok J*S
Unconfirmed verb
[Non-corroborative verb]
. >
j^
J*5
MO
F
Verb of
affectivity
verb,
J
Jfa j^j
verb of the hearf]
1
[Mental
Permanent verb
[intransitive
-^ "fa
verb]
jjf'ji "l*i
Confirmed verb
[Corroborative verb]
Structured verb
[invariable verb]
"',,
"i^
Variable verb
[Conjugated verb, inflected]
"j
uSjaLo JaS
Transitive verb
:j
"'
'
[idem]
Affirmative verb
V j^
j^ j^
\jdem]
Modal verb
[Quasi-sound verb, paradigm]
Denuded verb
[Simple verb, primitive, bare]
y^ *Y^
\i5* j^j
is...)
(

[Verb
in

[Passive verb]
JJUli
dju> jki
Verb of praise
j^
CWemU
[Verb
in
tj* J**
indicative]
the subject case,
Augmented verb
[Redundant
verb,
j^
angmented]
j^j
Ul
F
Future verb
[idem]
<J
\
J J 'X'
&i
Conform verb
[Unaccomplished
verb,
jLai Jji
aoristic]
Defective verb
\_Weak verb, infirm, unsound, glide]
"Oj^ "lli
Declined verb
[inflected verb,
L/jjw
declined]
is...)
Jji
Known
verb (whose agent
(iUll)
pj&A
Jjj
[Active verb]
Verb of approximation
[Verb of imminence, of appropinquation]
Z'Sjlo
3*9
Neutralized verb
[Restringent verb]
Hijiki
Jjj
Verb with open ending

[Verb
in
L< jlala JjJ

accusative,
the direct case,
subjunctive]
~
Negative verb
[idem]
/ n J^j
i^ j^j
-~
Past verb
[Accomplished verb]
Deficient verb
[Defective verb,
incomplete,
verb of existence]
[jAiH J*9
Verb of certitude
fi
Jji
Paragraph
Dislocation
i'J^
^
j^j
1*
So-and-so
To understand
UV
F
[jnterrogative implying a negation]
Interrogative
(J
l$J^\
jl*^-l
noun
ptjix-1 1-1
\jdein]
SlalgixJ Ui-
\jdem}
pIjjLl.1
i-iy-
[jnterrogative particle^
Question mark
\jdenT\
*tjix-l Z>"ji-
Mouth
Above
Defective in F
(
. . .
(^9
jii
^5
ij&
Jl
j^ )
*I>*N
sli
F of sanction
C...
^
jli
wsed
to
separate the protasis
and
apodosis^\
To
profit
.liLjsi
Useful speech Useful composite Useful meaning
*!^
JljL
ijfy
luii ^yJw
In (among,
in
at, by,
concerning, during, for the sake of,

in
^
upon, with)
*
company
of,
comparison, into, on behalf
of,
Augmented noun
iRedundant noun, augmented^
<us
Juj^ ,_l
Augmented verb
\jRedundant verb, angmented^
In which In place
",
<lj
Juj^
J**
,i-i
JiJ>
UA
F
Compatible with nominalization
^
t*
_MI
^
*-
O^-*-"*
Contested
C^dverft,
fO^
V tJ^ "
circumstantial complement, prepositive locution]
\i\
'
Q,
To receive
To
bring
QaEFW
Lili
nj
'rs
jj]
SiJliLJI
Letter of future
^.y;
jqj ,J^
\jdern]
Future time
\jdetn\
dfclllT
'-~J\
Future verb
^7^^*"'^
>
i^ Cr^
Before
jj
JJQ
Face to face with

Preceding future
^,
JT fc',.,'
Denuded
Fight!
future
\*jj. jY- \
jQ
in
Already (enough,
the future, indeed, perhaps, sometimes)

:
!xs ,X
To be able
Nouns of quantity
Supposition
J.-"
'^fa i^J\
'
Âssumption, hypothesis^
yo-
Q
Supposed vowel
[Presumptive vowel, virtual}
O
.
- - ,
-.
SjJiSi ST
Supposed personal
[Presumptive pronoun}
"Jja-
Supposed sign
5jJl1 m>ys-
To advance
In front of
,
aji
i 11x5
a
--
'.
Advancing followed
Advancing
#Ji&u
f-.^ - -o
To approach
Cêrft o/ imminence,
i^î
ijUi J*i
of appropinquation}
L.
Near
jy
0%9
To join
Context
[Circumstance, evidence, context}
oy
defective
Mixed joined
Ujji* oujLI
Endowed with EaL'

[Definite,
JL ojJL>
determinate}
'.'
To
divide
Classification
pr-*-'
Letter of oath
.s
j?-
[y' a^'ve particle}

Part
ILi
Oath
[Adjuration, sacramental complex}
To Intend
Intentional status
o ~2j~ojC>
Juai
Jti-
>0V
Q
Intentional indeterminate
Intentional, not described, indeterminate
d
o*"
i'zjlal'*
Îp S^SJ
Sjâai S^SJ
ti^Sy
Îp o^taJii S^SJ

~t>sy#ju>
Intentional described indeterminate
"i&y^y,
I'^Z
'J-,oi
To be short
Noun
j^tsui 111
[Abbreviated noun, briefs
Shortened
EaL/F
brief}
Z'jJ*a> lill
[Abbreviated...,
Shortening
"J.î
Ending
in
shortened
jjtaai
[Abbreviated, brief]
At
all
^J
(Past)
Never
^JJ
To cut
Detached exclusion
[Different exception]
IJaJ
IkiLi i\^L'\
Semicolon
Zb\j
[idem]
HaM'ZaT
of rupture
disjunctive,
.Jj Sjli
separative, vocalic attack]
"jj
[Stable, formative,
To be few
Minor
plural
ili
'Z^.
[Plural of paucity]
Letter of paucity
\1&
rarity]
^-Jj>-
[P article of
To be
rare
_Cjs
l_'\*
To convert
>.or
Q
J
k-JULil
J}UI
To
turn about
Li
k_JS
Verb of affectivity
J*
[Mental
Converted
verb,
verb of the heart}

._jjj&>
[reversed,
transposed}
jJU& ojli
Converted
HaM'ZaT
transposed}
(
.
. .
Reversed...,
Letter of the
group, lunar
Jj>
-
ij*i
C/demU
Rules of Arabic grammar

C/demU
- - ~
- ^ -
"Hj*' **^'
Aftlji
Speech
J^j
!-iUi
o
-
To measure
Parentheses
[>def]
jt-y
Methodical
[Syllogistic,
J^-G>
regular, principle of analogy}
"<*? *JJJ
Methodical measure
[Regular form, metre, type}

Methodical
HaM'ZaT
regular}
V ^ >^
1
[Syllogistic...,
Wholly
Semicolon
C/dem]
ajsli
iiJsli
To
rise
a li
\or
*ff
K,
You
As
KaEFw"
J\
d
jj
(sing.) (as, like)
if (as though, like)
5&
iw
-Jfe
(
.
.
How much
How much
Maximal sentence
[Complex sentence]
.
lOS-
g'JS
To write
Written narrative
{_''<
VJ^ *0&><J&\
'X>\
Orthography of the EaL/F Orthography of the
*UI thS"
Orthography of the words Orthography of the
otJSJl X>\
j\'ji\
O
VLaWZaT
thS"
Orthography of the
Sjl^JlthT
'
To be many
Major
plural
i'Jg
V^J.
{Plural of multitude, of abundance]

Letter of profusion
................
j~^ ^J~
I
[.Extensive particle, of frequency]
Much
_.
<
Thus
|ji j'jjT
\0i
K
To press To break
Broken plural
J
U<
Vjf
jr-^
/*
Vowel Vowel
i,
reduced
reduced modulated
~*]S
i",
ot'JS
Ccif
To clothe To restrain oneself

Neutralizing letter
[Restrictive particle]
t
"^Jg
Jî'\ Js-lj\<> LjJ~
jo
L*i
Neutralized verb
[Restringent verb]
Jy*
To be
tired
J^
jkll
Substitution of a part for the whole Substitution of the whole for the whole
A11
^ jkjl ^ JJI JjJ

Jîf\ Jju
%
*AT
Every time
Ills'
Both
Never (not
at all,
ulr
on the contrary)
yS
'Ag
AUKi'\ Jj\
To speak
[idem]
End of the word

[idem]
* J
XJSS\ ^J'J>
Orthography of the words

Sentence of
3
O&JSJl X>\
.....JUS"
t>
words
Word, words
[Term, theme, word]
oCJS" i.Zj
>00
K
Structured word
[invariable,
dl
Z^ ZJ
indeclinable word]
Declined word
[inflected,
l>y^
declined word]
ZJ
Speech
[Discourse, discussion,
sentence, prose]
^
"U^'Jo ">*&
Composite speech
[idem]
Useful speech
"xj>
*>*&
Speaker
Non-linguistic composite
Linguistic composite
li&
"^J^
'jf
^'y>
\-~j>
Is*^
Middle of the word
Zdi>S\ Jal/>
[idem]
How much
To perfect
Pluperfect past
Perfect past
liT
JlTl
L.15"
Û
J>&
iiir
As
To make allusion
Allusive
^S
X>\
11,1
noun
filiation]
[Noun of
Allusion
4jU5"
[Metonymy,
Filiation
filiation, periphrasis]
"H^
[Surname]
To be about
Sisters of
to
;
ilS"
KoEDo
\0"\
jlT ofp-l
K
Noun
of
*J
KaEDa KaEDa
its sisters
'^
p-'
*j>?~
Predicate of
'^
4^j*~'-J
KaEDa
and
&
u9lS"
of allocution
Q...
yUaiJI
0/ address]
To be
Sisters of
0&
KaENa
O^ Ol>-l
of
Noun
KaENa
KaENa
its sisters
O^
olS"
ji-l
Predicate of
^~
O^
KaENa
So that
and
4^jj-b
^
way
*-rr
In such a
How
In whatever
J&
way
UAS
jtiw
<.
Capacity, quantities
j^S
L,
To
(because,
then,
LaEMw"
I
W
of, indeed,
( J
i
. .
J
J
)
swear by,
in
view
so that, that,
with)
Causal patient
LCausa^'ve
oft/ert,
Jj&
<dkV
accusative of cause or reason]

'{?&
At your service
To attach oneself to
Attached nouns
"r^J
|&Ji f\^J
J^>%
Zlj>S\
"<*&
*&&
"'&
Attached Attached to the

five
verbs
JtJ^L jiJi
jjj
In the presence of In the presence of
^ jj
Ijj
To stay
Permanent EaL/F Permanent structure Permanent verb
[intransitive
j^
"
^j*
\-'^ i\i
yy "fa
verb]
"
Permanent
[intransitive]
-^
Maybe
(perhaps)
&
\0A
L
By the
eternal!
(
.
J
j
',
Jojtl
.
.

\jdem~\
Jl J^-ly
XSJtS\ 4a)
To mix
Mixed defective
t^J
<_jLaJ
Mixed separated
Mixed joined
3jj&*
Ojâ-4
<-*j^
<_jLaJ
To pronounce
Oral annexation
Ziajii
hJU
*iU>\
[improper,
impure annexation, annexation of qualification^

4#j*~~
J^lai!
Js>LoJI
Common
expressions
Oral confirmative
[^Kerfta/
J^y
*,
corroborative^
*
Oral active element
Auxiliary vocable
i
*
^
*
*&& lSo**
**
JîiaJ
J^l*
-xpu- Jiii
Oral feminine
â.1 dJJ*
[Feminine by form[\
In consideration of the pronunciation
- iaAJJI
j
, J
51*1^
u~al
To surname
Titles of declension Titles of structure
vG*^' v^'
&LJI ^>\2i\
t_JL!
Surname
To meet
Voluntarily
'JiJ
^3"lLll tliJI
Jill;
But (however, on
the contrary)
ji
However
So that
(but,
on the contrary)
ji
\J
jJiLU
Oj'H
A
By impossibility
Negative
Since
(not)
(after, as,
not yet, when)
l!U
Negative
It
(shall not, will not)
jj
<Uiii <U
(
has
its
place
.
. .
Helped
[jPerson against
iuLi
JJ
whom
aid
is
required]
Causal patient
<d^
j* (...
Jjiii
iJ
Ûnrestricted object, absolute, cognate accusative]
If,
contrary to fact (supposing

it
that, though)
Were
If
it
not
(unless)
*A
liJ
were not
Color
jA
No
(not, not any, without)
S
^
^
,j~^*-U
Noun
of
LaE LaE
111
J -*
Predicate of
LaE
of generic negation
fa< denies absolutely,
UI ^
that denies the whole genus]
Not excepting
It It
l^L.^
*i
has no action has no place

not
(it is
Ji* ^
JiJ>
j
*i
j ^ ,
It is
d_^H N
not)
Negative
oV
"aj*J
Permanent
L
L of denial
Q...
J
ijÎI
J J
t
.
'.
}*i
of past negation}
Defective In
\jVeak,
L
infirm,
jT
Jî
^Sl
unsound,
glide...)
(
Soft letter
<-*>
jj
{_Weak
letter}
If only (would that)
^
ijrr
(
;
Not
to
be
Letter similar to
LaVSa
*~
^J*
err
nv
M,
Hundred
M/YMm
if
ii
f=?'f
Plural (them, you)
;&,
Two hundred
Remained behind,
Confirmed,
root to delay
~J\ SJUol
'jS'j
oto
"y>y>
root to confirm
*&J\
j^ji
{Corroborative,
confirmative^
(...
Confirmative status
{Strengthening accusative^
J&-)
oJlJTJ*
Unconfirmed
QvoM-corro&orarive]
(j*)
jS'ji
Confirmed verb
{Corroborative verb, confirmative^
jli
jJTji
Feminine,
root to be tender
di!
'tLj\
Hjji
[/denT]
Real feminine
{Natural femininej
"
^ iJji
I*J ji

{Perfect feminine plural,
regular,
*Û-
lJC
external^
Oral feminine
{Feminine by formj
Mail IlJji
HT
M
Figurative feminine
[^Tropical feminine]
f
1$ j*i
uJJ-o
Moral feminine
^Feminine by signification]
Interpreted, root to
befall
<j-*** *ijj>
J v-*\
I
<Jjjj>
Interpreted as if Interpreted as if
it
it
were explicit
were derived
(
.
.
j_JLeS[> Jjj-o
Jô b JjJ-o
J
.
jJua*
JjJ-o
Primate, root to make a beginning

\jnchoative,
lJu <u-^l IJCô
nominal subject}

Substituted for, root to substitute
[[Letter
(...JIi3J-)
J-b
(
.
1-uJo
4JU9I <Co
Jjua
,-i-o
<Jy
of formation]
Structured, root to construct

[[invariable,
<u-^l
Û<o
indeclinable]
Structured
noun
indeclinable]
(
(... I)
^j>
Învariable noun,
Structured letter
[[invariable particle]
^y

"^-f
Structured verb
{[invariable
verb,
J*f
^r
indeclinable]
(
Structured word
Învariable word,
indeclinable]
^^p
<
Srr
fl
Superlative, root to reach
[Hyerbole, intensiveness]
^ j*
**
M? *UI ijJLi
ur
M
Superlative
f
(...Ill) SjJCi
superlative]
(.
. .
noun
[intensive noun,

[intensive paradigm,
superlative]
(
jl 4&l)SjJCi

[intensive forms,
metres,
types,
Jl o' jjl )i*lCi
superlative.. .J
~y-\
Remaining behind,
Followed, root
root to delay
ul
'*Le\
^>ui
frjii
to follow
*_J
[Antecedent, followed by some word in apposition]
Vocalized, root to move

[Mobile]
<y-
4JL9I dJ^s>i*
Variable, root to turn away

[Conjugated,
inflected, plastic]
<_*j-* 4JL0I
\jjr&~s
Variable noun
[Conjugated noun, inflected]
(...Ill) J^Ltc*
Invariable
noun
('jj*
r-O
s.ii~ <?**
[Unconjugated noun, uninfected]
Complete variable
Invariable circumstantial Invariable
[Unconjugated, aplastic]
(
. .
.
it l*j '/a"*
( J
.
.
_i^
<Sj^ji
JJ(
.
<J>Ji> )
iSj*e&
jtj.
q-**
J
.
Jj.
Incomplete variable
Variable verb
[Conjugated verb]
(
.
U
.
''JLe
y_,i
Jq''
.'<
L?
a>
Connected,
root to join
conjunctive,
Jl^j lul Jqg >

affixed]
[/Ittacfted,
M
Linked exclusion
[joint exception]
f
(...*Uil) Ji
Connected personal
[Affixed pronoun, connected pronoun]
j^*-"
J-*-
Astonished, root
to be astonished
*=>* aJUÎ
j <CLa
if
'j
Transitive, root to pass over
u~>>Cfl
t * ^
jj a
'j
Iji 4JU0I
'SjCj>
[idem]
Transitive over three patients
J?*^ **^ ^' ''^

jjjjuio ^Jl jiio
Transitive over two patients

[Governing two complements]
Transitive verb
J**
A*io
* -
js*i\
it
MjvC*
'-*
The one who
is
mourned
to advance
(
.
ul*
J?
1*-*
Advancing, root
?&
.
.
*wl JJ>
)
Advancing followed
Speaker, root to speak
[First person]
fy**
{ &j>
*\>>"j>
*>
*UI
Compatible, root
to have
power
** *^>< jS*#â
[inflectionist]

[Perfectly declinable,
J^><
j^-^
long inflection]
(
Incompatible
_r*
j5v*ia
[Un inflectionist]

[piptote,
J*-*<
j^
J**io
short inflection]
no
M
[Established in the perfect inflection^
f
Slo-.i'Jfl ,-fl
j&
Contested, root
to tear
away
fjj
<iL*>i
<ui f jLio <Co
Cause of pain
Middle, root
[idem}
to mediate
*>ji
h~tjZj
Ja-j aJLô
Medium genus
^^r
leLtyj)
When
Affirmative, root to be firm
JJ>
OJ
<Om?I
C~1o
Affirmative verb
J*i
C~lo
!*>
iiJLo
Dual, root
to fold in
two
<*JU*I
lLa
[idem}
To reproduce
C/ntens/ve forms,
superlative}
Jlo -'-it iiJLJI a&*\

- - ,j
Modal verb
[Quasi-sound verb, paradigm, assimilate}
jiu J*i
Same
Ji
root to denude
Denuded,
Yyr &*\
i"Js>m
[Simple, bare, primitive}
Denuded noun
-l )
}Js*a
[Simple noun, bare of any accessory, primitive}
Denuded
triliteral
triliteral,
U^ ^>*-
bare}
- J * s -
[Simple
M
Denuded
quadriliteral
[[Simple quadriliteral,
f
is^-J
bare]
(
.
. .
^J^?*"
Denuded verb
[[Simple verb,
J*i
ijz**
bare of any accessory, primitive]

(.
. .
Denuded ignored past verb Denuded Denuded

future
original
Û J*s
(
. .
Oj^sx*
I
Sjshjs
yj*~
j J-a*
ijs** ijsx*
[[Simple infinitive,

(
. .
Denuded known past verb

Deprived of EaL'
[[indefinite,
,_/U
J*s
*j!jw i>*-
Jl
j*
J>
indeterminate]
i,
Ending in reduced
[[in
root to draw
indirect,
jj>- &-<*\ Jjj*?*
the genitive,
oblique,
indeterminate diptote]
-pv JJ>>*
[Noun
in
the indirect case,
nominal subordinated
\jjjshjs
- - . JJ

With elided ending,
root to clip
/*>> <u~*l Pjj***
[Apocopate, jussive, subjunctive]

.
. .
..=,
)

[[Verb
in
J*
fijj***
Ignored, root to ignore

[[Passive]
J$*-
"U-^l
uj^^>
Ignored verb
[[Passive
j*i
dj&>v>
verb]
(
.
Ignored conform
[Passive unaccomplished]
f\jUi*
UJ&**
Past denuded ignored
(.
*yy
.
(_/>* )
uj^**
Jj^swo
*>.}*
,y>&
uv
M
Figurative, root to be permitted
[Tropical]
f
." jj
jli- 'Le>\
Isj&ia
Figurative feminine
[Tropical feminine]
(...tUj) tjii
[Tropical masculine]
(... jS"ji)
$j*i
i_5ji )
}jpu>
ySsx*
j jî
Warned,
root to warn
j 'Ss-
<uLs>l
Warner
Thing warned about
Eliminated, root to eliminate
[Curtailed,
i_a
<Lo jjiii
J>- aJUÎ
(JjJcta
suppressed]
Eliminated active element Eliminated included Eliminated passive element
(...
Jl*)
.';''
c5jjtf>i
(...*''
) tjjjtf>i
(...J_jl*i) ijjjtf**
Retrenched noun
Place, root to come down
(...Ill) <Lo (jjjtf>i

jl>- ilUl
(
Lpti

In place
It
jl jUiJI
(
. . .
Jiti j^> *Gti Jiti

JIi*i
has no place
(
.
. .
^)
ij
In consideration of the place

It
jl ol*f,i
(
. . .
has
its
place
ij )
Its
i^fêÎ
jt>
A&ut
Specified, root to be special
\y^>-
'vi*\ \pJLertfi
ills'
Spoken
to, root to
harang
LJa*-
Liliti
[Second person]
To extend
jlo
MA
M
Noun
f
J
a
*jX*j> *-.>
[Prolonged noun]
"--
Extended EaLi'F
[Prolonged...]
oijj^
'
'
"
t
iT
_iJI
Extended
letter
x*
^_f
~x
[Letter of prolongation]
Extension
[Prolongation, crasis, elongation]
For a while Ending

in
J^
extended
E*
long vowel]
(
. . .
ijx^
[Prolonged,
with a
Verb of praise
[idem]
J*i
t_ JLs
'.
j
t
From
the time (ago,
since)
j>
Jw
Masculine, root
to mention
J> *
<tw>l
ji JU
Real masculine
[Natural masculine]
' \JL^LS j*
**

[External masculine plural, regular]
(...m>)
JL J> la
jS la
[Tropical masculine]
"iSfe^*
Mentioned
Attached f
JJ^^
() ~*byJ*
Once
.
Vja
.
.
*-i; tj>
[Noun of unity]
A*Ullj S*J^\
^J-
M
Position of primate and predicate
f
-
-a
J^*"j
''*
'V
XSj*
Improvised
l"J"
~*>-j
Euphonic,
root to soften the voice
Ûsl "sj)
{Curtailed,
softened}
(
. . .
Called euphonic
<_j
jt
) "Ls-'yt
Ending in regular
u, root to
lift
9j iJU*l
"f
j>j>
{in the subject case,
indicative,
nominative}
(
Noun
with regular ending
...
Ill) c jiy>
{Noun
in
the subject case,
in
the nominative}
(
. . .

{Verb
in
J*i
c j&y
the
indicative case}
Nouns with regular ending

Composite,
{idem}
{Attributive
Oli ji
*i
root to
mount
*^j ^-*\ \Js ~\fi
l$itL>\ "\_S 'Jp
compound, predicative}
L*Cff
I
Annexed composite
{Prothetic
"\-.S ~Jm
compound}
(...jji) \_S ~y
Composite numeral
{idem}

{idem}
"J*
XjS'J*
Rational composite
Irrational
Jifc
"\J> ~jP
composite
(
Jjli j-* XJ^ 'Jf

. .
Composite speech
**j&
\JiS~Jb
Mixed composite
{Synthetic compound}
ls^J^ "^S'U
Useful composite
"sX* \_S 'y>
W<
M
(... Jl
f
**>
)
oCiô
[idem}
In consideration of, root to watch over
-v y
^^j*
outlô
^j ^>^
...
In consideration of the pronunciation In consideration of the place
JsiUi oltlj-o
JiwoJ 15 li. l^-o

fc*Lf*
Mixed composite
[Synthetic compound}
{^y) is^j*
alj *wt
Augmented,
root to augment
Juj*
[Redundant, augmented}
Augmented noun
[Redundant noun, augmented}
(...!; <U9 Juj*
Augmented verb
[Redundant
verb,
J**
<U9 Ju jj>
augmented}
(
.
. .
Augmented ignored past
,j^&
(
.
djôi
.
Ju j* Ju j>
Augmented
original
infinitive,
j-Ua*
[Redundant
augmented}
(...
Augmented known past

Augments of the
[Redundant
triliteral
triliteral}
<_^W ty**
-îj*
^Ûl
olJuj*
Augments of the
quadriliteral
êlTjM oljuj*
[Redundant quadriliteral}
In charge
<Ut JjJ*o
(.
. .

Latent personal
[idem}
Obligatorily latent personal
j^-*"'
(
'j'j^ j-~~*
j^w JZ~*a
}
j^-^
>>J JZe
w^
M
Excluded,
root to fold in two
'.
. jj
4JU0I
^1
*0, o J
[The thing excepted^

.0
Included
[General terrn]
**
.
'
*
'l**i'h
Eliminated included
iij.i#i <Lo
Mentioned included
Raised
letter
jjif ji Ale
(
.
;'>
JjcLa
ijji-
[idem}
Helping, root
to help
to
ii>}p
iOl tÛ^lu
[Person ca//ed
ata]
o
Helped
[Person against
*J
tiU
whom
aid
is
required}
tl
Depressed letter
C/dem]
Future, root to receive
iJji-
JriT,,
JZ5 <tUl
11;,,^
[idem]
Future time
[idem]
(...jf ,yj) JiJcLj)
*>
ti
Preceding future
Future verb
C/dem]
J^k
(3*f
)
J-*-~*
Jy^-""^
1
Denuded
future
bare}
i"ô GilLo
.
[Primitive future,
In replacement
Ju- )
Jua
Common
expressions
ULaJl )
Hej^-~o
Information, root to lean on

[Attribute}
JC- <uUl ju*o
WY
M
Subject
\jCorrelative of attribute]
f
*
'0 J
4JI X>
Surface, quantities
y_s\Ao ti>L-o
(
.
Auxiliary vocable
Similar, root to resemble
JaiJ
JicC-o
- iiUl <CLo (...*-l;
Quasi-sound noun
\]Quasi-perfect
yLJalb
<uô
noun, quasi-normal, regular]

(

Âdjective particle]
^J-
JjuaJU <CLo
#7
**s'.
cSLailb
<lLLo

Letter similar to
(.
is'i&>
(
. .
t-JIAjb <t-~
)
LaVSa
quality
verbal adjective]
<Sf~
. .
[^ dlti
*~>\ )
Noun of similar
~^>
i^llo
{Âssimilate epithet,
Similar quality
\jissimilate epithet,
*a^>
X m
.
verbal adjective]
Common
conjunctive
root to occupy
split
Oy*y>
ij~*
Occupied,
somebody
J*-i <lU*1 J*Iio
Derived, root to be
J* ^>^ j^**
\jdem]
"
s_'.-
Derived radical
Interpreted as if
it
Jr^'
J""""*
were derived
JL;
Jjy>
Jj>
Derived attached to the radical Derived Indeterminate
J^'Jlb Jiilo JJ>

(
.
j^J
&JJ>
wr
M
Derived nouns
Tense, root
to tense
f
tt
s -
Ol&iLo
jjJI iilol
ajui
^Gemmate]
Replacer, root
Titular
Original, root to thrust out the breast
CAfown o/ action,
infinitive,
to occupy
somebody
J*i
<a*l * 0"

*js** jJuao
Ju ji
Denuded
original
infinitive,
[Simple
Augmented
original
infinitive,
jJuai
[Redundant
Original in
augmented]
"
M
J
.
^ j'xju
-
J*
[infinitive particle]
i-iji-
3jj Juai
Conventional terms
Diminutive, root
to be small
o IstibLio
'jifi.*Lfi\
"yitu
{Idem]
Diminutive noun
[idem]
(...Ill)
"J'-'n*

Implicit, root to think that
*
,
* ~
<Ua
ja~J> *L*\
/?
Jt>Ju
,
To pass
.(j/i
Wi
M
Past time
f
^J>J\ ,y>j
\jdem]
Past
mood
{Accomplished aspect]
^J>J\
lw>
ft
Past verb
Û J*i
o
{Accomplished verb]
Pluperfect past
J^S\
Preceding past
Perfect past
JjC
J^LS"
Past denuded ignored Past denuded
J^P^
"i
^rN*
Û Û Û ^^
*
.
known
fy** *s>" u*^

-"
-
Past augmented ignored Past augmented

Deficient past
[z>e/<?c</ve
.-
J>P<^
fy**
-^j*
'-
jy^
.,(j*
known
?'- -
-^j*
<_r^
pas/]
Û
Conform,
root to be conform
9jJ> v~?\ fjLio
{Unaccomplished, aoristic]
Conform mood
{Unaccomplished aspect]
(...J!iw>) fjLio
Conform verb
{Unaccomplished
verb,
J*i
fjLio
aoristic]
Conform ignored
{Unaccomplished passive]
Jj^â fj\J&
Conform known
{Unaccomplished active]
{Aoristic particle]
(

"
C ?y** fj^^M
\ ~
'
"
^J-
<fi jLoa
WO
M
Doubled,
root to double
-fo
^..J> <iUl
u&Loa
[Geminate, deaf}
Annexing,
root to annex
oU <u^l j\Ju
4JI <_L&o
determinative complement}
(
.
.
[Prothetic}
Annexed
[Posf/rxed, governed,
Non-annexing
'ji- )
t_JLio
Annexing called
(.
. .
(...tjli) <_L&o
JL
4lJ>
^ jbi )
.
t_JLio
)
Absolute patient
dyJC*
Jik*
[Unrestricted object, absolute, cognate accusative}
Jjiii
(
.
v_Jl! )
"
**
JAJai
[Permutative of the whole}
JjJ
"J Jjlko
With
..:.
[Particle of association}
--
Concomitant patient
.-
iii
Jîii
[Complement of accompaniment, concomitate object}

Defective, root to have
a defect
Ji*-
<a^1 Jliw
[Weak,
infirm,
unsound, glide}
Defective in R, hollow
[Abnormal concave}
<-*>H
J~*&
~feu>
[Abnormal assimilate}
JLo
i(ii'\
Jiw
Defective in L, deficient
[Abnormal defective}
"jA\i tfSUI
Jl*i
W1
M
Defective verb
(
f
o j>
J*f
J^
|*s**o
[Weak
Foreign
verb,
abnormal, infirm, glided

J?jilo
t
letter,
dotted
i_Sjs-
[/dem]
Numbered,
root to count
^-^
*^'
ij^*
^Counted object]
Arranged noun
Declined, root to speak pure Arabic
[inflected,
JjJ*a
Vj* <u~sl
VJ"*"
declined]
Declined noun
[inflected noting
{
(

<
'
VJ"*"
Declined verb
[inflected verb]
J*f
VJ-**
Declined and prohibited from

variation
Jjrai\ ja fj- VJ"**
..
**
Declined and varied

[Yr(ptote]
u9j-a1* VJ"*"
Declined word
[inflected word,
~^f )
"^.j**
declined]
0i>
Made
definite by EaL'
"
<Jj*
= - '
Definite, root to be acquainted with

^y- *w^
aSja^
Definite
noun
'
**>
[Determinate noun, definite]
Attracted, root to sympathize
_ikp aL^>I ^J jlnto
[Coupled]
WV
M
Attracted numeral
[Coupled number]
(
. . .
f
*
>
"sSs- ) <_*
.U
Attracting
[Antecedent]
J>
.U
Known,
root to
know
'At-
aL*\ \y*J>
[Active]
Known
verb
jli
IjXao
[Active]
Known conform
[Active unaccomplished]
(...f-jCai) jji*i
Past denuded
known
(...Vjki
(
.
Past augmented known

Passive element, root
to act
"x>_y
^ ^
jJbw
J** iLl JjV'

*\*U? JiV-'"

Eliminated passive element
Moral, root [By
to
(.ijj^w JjV
jfs-
mean
iLj\ l^j^na
signification]
Moral confirmative
[Corroboration
in
(...luSî) j^jDw
meaning]
(...
(
.
Moral active element Moral feminine

J^li) l$jîu>
)
diji
1sJ>u>
Moral annexation
(...SiLÎ) ii*i
[Proper prothesis, pure, annexation of dependence]
Abstract noun
[Substantive]
(...Ill)
Jji
[Particle,
'^Sj>-
Jji
tool-word]
WA
M
Concomitant patient
(
.
f
. .
Jj*jL
4jw
[^Complement of accompaniment, concomitate object]
May
it
not please!
(
. . .
itw
[Particle of association]
^j- )
<*~*>
Exhorted, root to exhort
\j- *wl
ijka

Exhorting
Singular, root to be alone
<0 <Jj*j>
jJw
\^
<LWi
ijim
[jdem]
if
,J
Isolated
Distinctive of the isolated
(
SjjLs
...
J j^~" )
I
ijii>
Isolated genus
Narrative of the isolated
(.
<j~^r
Pj^
ijim ijA*
ijAA
)
..Jl lSo-)
(
.
. .
Isolated predicate
yf-
iAP
[jdem]
Simple proper noun
i*i*
,)
ijô
Isolated called Isolated status

Preferred, root to prefer one to another
i/a
ij^
oijô
J-
J***
*L^ J-^4*
Not preferred
Emptied exclusion
[Exception made void]
<^
J-aa
(...SLil) fjô
Patient, root to do
J*i *wl Jjiaa

object, passive
[Complement of
subject,
patient]
W<\
M
Patient -noun
[Past participle, patient noun]
First patient
C...
(
. . .
1_J
Jjjuii
Jjl Jj.nA"
adverb]
<u
Direct patient
[l)/recf object,
Jjjuii
complement of
object],
Third patient
eJU
Jjjuii
Second patient
H^4r/ftM<e
jtf Jjjuii
o/
tfie
verfe
governing two complements]

<ui Jjjuii
[Adverb, circumstantial complement, prepositive locution]
Causal patient
ijjl aL*.*^
Jjjuii
LCawsaf/ve object, accusative of cause or reason]
Absolute patient
[Unrestricted object, absolute, cognate accusative]
;lk Jjjuii
Absolute pro -patient
(...CJli) jiki Jjjuii

,
Concomitant patient
<Uca
Jjjuii
[Complement of accompaniment, concomitate object]

Patient -function
Transitive over two patients
HGovern/Mg fwo complements]
(

SlJjjuio
iJ!
-^
j^j-*^'"
Letter of surprise
[Particle of occurrence]
(...i_j^-) ot>Lu
Patients
Transitive over three patients
(
. .
J^tlio
.
5J5C
^Jj
JJci
J-clio
"
Useful, root to
profit
(.
jU U>I
i
. .
Useful speech Useful composite

(
,j
l^S"
>
\
.J
LiTy>
M
Useful meaning
(
. . .
f
LS
Supposed,
root to be able
virtuaf]
j-^ 4-U^ jJA*
[Presumptive,
Supposed personal
[Presumptive pronoun]
(,
jt?-*
J-***
Supposed vowel
[Presumptive vowel, virtual]
(^j^)
(...&}&)
<
OjMa
Supposed sign
Advanced,
root to advance
ojjjia
?& ^'
te
Endowed with EaL'

jl d/jZa
Intentional status
Intentional, not described,
(
. . .
(...Jt-) Oiâoa
j& )
Aj*fija j~
OiyOAo
indeterminate
Intentional described
(...iij&) AjfijA
Oiâoa
indeterminate
('jÔ eiâa*
(,
jf- oJ^>
6ijaA6
Ending
in shortened E, root to be short
j~a* 4-U*' jj-aio
[Abbreviated, brief]
Noun

C^ftftreviated nown,
(' )
jj-fl&o
brief]
Shortened EaLiF
[Abbreviated...,
brief]
(...cJJI) 5jj~iaio
Converted, root to convert

[iteversed,
V^3 ^L^lt^jJiu
transposed]
Converted HaM'Zaf
[reversed...,
(>*.) ^jiî
transposed]
\A\
M
1
f
-.
Jl
OiJ^ ) tyw*
Nouns of quantity
[Verb of imminence, of appropinquation]
(,..tuL\) jjilii
(
.
.
J**
<UjUto
Written narrative
Neutralized verb
[Restringent verb]
&>.
i^jyj>
J*i
i^j/Sj)
To have power
Noun
of place
^^-o
Oli _J
Compatible
[j'er/ecf/y
J>^\
declinable,
long inflection]
Compatibility
[Per/ec< declinability, long inflection]
4-^1
Compatibility
Ci'er/ec/ declinability,
Or^-*-'
long inflection]
^j-Sd^Jl
[Nunation of declension, of inflection]
^^
J;SloN1
oNli1
Circumstantial of place
U^
*-^^
[Adverb of place, accusative of place]

Incompatible
[Uninflected]
J*^*
jf-

[Established in the perfect declinability]
'
J>*\ Cr"*~*

[Diptote,
-r\ 3'-. - '^--J,
JS^* jr* Cr^*-*

short inflection]
>AV
M

Stop
dJJli
to attach oneself to
Attached, root
J^J *U*I
i*oitJI
Jp*>L
Attached to the Attached nouns
five verbs
JU3*ilb Jpclo
(...iuL\) i-*lo
(
. .
>l^- )
JpjaLo
/.">j
(...*lpal)
Ending
in extended E*, root to extend
i-^
<Ustfl
ijJt*^
[Prolonged, with a long vowel]
Noun

[Prolonged noun]
(...') }jXoj>
Noun

[Diptote]
(...*-
uSjIflJI j-o
fj~<*
-o
" -,
Distinguished, root to distinguish
jli <d^l jli**
Who
From
(amongst, as,
at,
î
between, by, instead
of, of, off,
j^
on,
some, than)
<ll
Retrenched noun
Substituted for
_SjJl>^
4i
-l
JJu
<u< i_J>Jc* 4i
Cause of pain
Deprived of EaL'
[indeterminate,
indefinite]
Jl
^r'j^
,y "syy*
Thing warned about

Eliminated included
<u< jjtiki
_SjJl>^ 4i ^jtz~*
j_?s
Mentioned included
J^
<c
(
_?
u~
)Ar
>
M
Included
f
ii*
^ji^
^General term}
Declined and prohibited form variation
[Diptote}
\_Diptote}
t_Sj*aJI
*i J>Laj>
fy-*-*
Vj*-
(_3âJI ,y "f-j^
Ultimate plural
[Jdem]
fy*s>&\
fl.">
Lamented,
root to lament
ISX> <aUl t_>jjui

Jlo
t
From
the time
is
jua
Who
he
L4-J
\\ Ja
4JU*I i_* in
.'*
Relative, root to relate
Relative
noun
o/ relation,
relative
(...
l_l) ^j.,,
L^4/'ectf/ve
noun}
tt

Varied, root to turn away
{Triptote}
4J1 ^>j~~ji
>~*j-0 &~?\ t_3j-alo
Varied noun
^Triptote}
(...
Ill)
J^Lo^

{Triptote}
(... Zjjv>
111)
jlo&
Declined and varied
(...
u}w)
ij j'jg
Ending
in
open
a, root to declare
openly
i^-vaJ
<o^l
[/
Me
direct case,
accusative,
subjunctive}
'
M
Noun
with open ending
(...
f
*
I
s^jlaSjt
[Noun
in
the direct case,
accusative}

[Verb
in
j^
t^>j~aJ>
the direct case,
subjunctive}
Nouns with open ending

To forbid
Declined noun and prohibited
i_$j*aJl
}Ktyaj>
ô
aû^> p\**\
j*
fj^
Vj*" p
from variation
[Diptote}

[Diptote}
^j*e}\ j*
^--*
vO**
i~$j*ajl
t>
f^**
-"
Described,
root to describe
CoJ -u^l
OjXLo
CSu6s<an<jVe,
qualificable}
(...
.

Isolated, root to be alone
Jl j~-^) >jjCj>
iji v~t>\ ijA^j)
[idem}
Separated, root to separate
[isolated,
J-Ui
&~t>\ Jôa'j)
detached, separated}
Separated personal
[isolated pronoun,
jr*-"
J*'****
detached,
separated}
<jj
Negative, root to deny
^'
J*?
'i^f**
[Idem}
Negative verb
^^^
Âo
M
Negative sentence
[idem]
(
.
.
f
.
Sl!J>- ) T.i\-\
Detached exclusion
[Different exception]
(...
illLll)
"-!*%'
With curtailed ending,

[Defective,
root to lack
[jOJu ill*
"^rjA','"
abbreviated]
(... 1L.T)
Noun

[Defective noun, abbreviated]
^jiio
Foreign
letter,
dotted
f***
Jy-
hji>
[idem]
- ,"
M->0
Transposed,
root to transport
(
.
.
Jju
t#
.
<lL?I
..
JjJLi
.*
__
_>_->" )
Jjiii
Non
transposed distinctive
root to pronounce the letter
jc*
j?**-" ) t-'j-ft'"
Modulated,
Oy
<u^>l
jj-o
[With nunation, with tanuin]
Modulated HaM'Zaf
[...
ejlL*
ifyU
with
nunation,
call
with tanuin]
t^Ju <o^>l
Called, root to
<îLo
[The person called]

Called euphonic
Called similar to the annexing Called annexing
Isolated called
J\ '^-J ) îllo
**">*
ti
iiLaJL Xj~t> <îuo
uiLai <îUi
"}~Ju
(
.
ij'i\ij>
Convenient vowel
S5T^
LUi
Annulled nouns with open ending

Cease!
LÛi
ii
>A"l
M
Neglected
letter
letter,
(
. . .
f
*-i
j~
y^s
t>
[Undotted
unpointed}
Having a HaM'ZaT,
[Hemza verb]
root to prick
>-* *L*I jj-^
Sound verb having a HaM'ZaT

[Normal hemza verb}
f^f-" J*f
jj-*^
Whatever
Certified exclusion
(... (...
U44
f^J)
t-^j-
tl^-J) c->j- tl^-J) c->j-

J)
Non -certified
exclusion
(...
j^
Preliminary status
Qualified, root to represent the quality
(...
SiJsj-o
i_i^j <lU>I
^ypyi
[idem}
(...
o^â^
Oj>j
&3y&y>
4&j*fijj>
Sj&
Conjunctive, root to join [idem]
J-".?
*k^l J >*_>
Conjunctive noun
[idem}
Special conjunctive
(... ji
Oyfij*
\j0\> Jj-^j-o
relative adjective}
(...
Bond of conjunction
[Antecedent of the relative sentence}
Jl iU^
Jj^jji
Common
Not
conjunctive
iilîLo
(Jj^pj*
[Relative pronoun]
(as far as, as long as,
how, how much, that which,
the
fact
that,
what, whatever, whenever,
whether, which)
UV
M
Sisters of
f
U
>\y-\
MaE
MaE
Noun
of
MaE
U C
Predicate of
^li-
MaE EaF'RaLaHu
Not... to abate Not... to finish
iliil
Sju\ U
?-jj
U
li
As long
as... to last
iG
What
Not... to cease
liC Jlj
i^ji
t$Jly-l_j
Not... to desist
G
U
MaE
and
its sisters
Hundred Hundred thousand
ilo tiulo
u>}\ AjLo
Two hundred thousand

Past, root to pass
ud\
^jjz* <a*l
iHJLa
Û
[Accomplished]
Past verb
[Accomplished verb]
(...
J*i) JsXt
Past denuded ignored Past denuded
J^jsti ijsx*
PJ"^*"
jj>\a
known
6 ^j^ lj^
"^-tj*
Jj4^
j?^
Past augmented known
?y** îj6 u^^

jli
j,_..<J
To distinguish
Distinctive
[Objective complement for specification or for distinction]

Distinctive of the sentence
iUiJI
aLuJI.
j-~J
'a -
" J
Distinctive of the
number
number]
j-^
[Specification of
ÂA
M
Distinctive of the isolated
f
zjlJ\
D**
0j*~ jf-
j^-->
6j&* j^J
o
S -
-f
_rr*~" J?
Distinguished
jy^"
(.
Original in
jJ-^-*
^g**
\K\
If
N,
NuONu"
oy
tO
O O
Plural (fem.) (you, them)
Confirmative
To announce To take a direction

lS.?*^
G
Gij
^G*!
lS.?*^ J-** "y^,
Syntax
\jdem~\
Towards
'y>J
To lament
Lamented
Lamentation
l^JJ
V-A-"
XiX>
To
call
the called
< jLuJI
i>
Euphony of
*">>
Letter of call
jlju i-iji-
[Vocartve particle^
Called Called euphonic
tjbi
f*~j* is'i^
i_iUalJlj Slii (j'*&

Called annexing
i_sl_Ui
<_s
jlli
N
Isolated called
Call
O
sju*
&*&
SI'jJ
~J
[Vocative,
apostrophe,
calf]
To
tear
away
ijj
Contestation
[Conflict,
fju;
contest]
<ui
Contested
jbL> Jljj
i_~lJ
Go down!
To
relate
Relative noun
c_j^~ji _l
[Adjective of relation,
relative
noun]
~\ *
r,
Distinctive of the sentence, of the relation Distinctive of the relation
<u~> t<Uu^JI <u*J
^~*j
^^
y
<^"j-
4~~J Jto
Convenient vowel
Relative
iLi
c_j_j~ju
/deG
Relation
<ul c_j_^~u
Z~~J
puJ
~J
[Attributive relation, predicative]
To annul
Noun
of the annuller
letter
?uJ
^_UI
-J
Annulling
i_~l3 lJ^s-
[idem]
Predicate of the annuller
UI ^li-
N
Annuller, annullers
[Auxiliaries,
i Sy
.U
annullers]
so
(
. . .
Udai-
jlJ
[Connection of sequence, syndetic serial]
Text
âJ
\_
To declare openly
Noun
with open ending
in
a>
^>ya^> ^J\
accusative case, adverbial case]
i_~^JI ji_yj
[Noun
the direct case,
[Accusative nunation]
Letter of opening
CSuii/Mc<ive particle,
u^
o
- J
<-3 ji-
accusative,
of direct case]
^y
t_~4iJ
Jj>
Personal of opening
[Accusative pronoun]
- J
Sign of opening
iw~^> Z*yi-
^ytj> J*3
subjunctive case]
[Verb
Ending
in
in
the direct case,
open a
^jya^f
[in the direct case, accusative, subjunctive, adverbial]

oUjî
Lw>o
iLwaJ
Openness
[Accusative, subjunctive]
*-*")l\

[Direct case of the noun, accusative]
i_~#J
N
[Direct case of the verb,
subjunctive}
,
,
6
'
J**J'
V*A
"
'
Opener
[SubjunctivaQ
v~Îj
To describe
[Epithetic sentence}
C%*
V*" *^T
_j_j*uji
-
jrf-
-9
,-
Described
[Substantive, qualificable}
Descriptive
[Adjective,
epithet,
Cjy^
Cju
qualificative}
- . _-
Real descriptive
(j*c**"
" ~. '-**'
[Proper adjective}
Causal descriptive
[Connected qualificative}
a
"
Yes
(certainiy)
**<
<*
To acclaim
Person
j***
To deny
Â*
article
Negative
^>
negative}
- ; -
'^l
[Prohibitive article,
Negative sentence
*^~* u**r
[idem}
Letter of negation
^ ^j>^f^ J*f
[idem}
Negative verb
[idem}
nr
N
LaE
of generic negation
H...
o
-p
; - *il
<_r~?JJ 5lili!l
that denies absolutely,
that denies the whole genus],

"
Negative
Jc^
[idem]
To lack
Noun
(jAflJ
o*J*~*
(*"*'
[Defective noun,
Deficient verb
[fle/ecrive
abbreviated]
{
ya G Jo
]
verb,
incomplete,
verb of existence]
With curtailed ending

[Defective,
u^y^*
abbreviated]
Deficient past
"a^^ ^y>^
[Defective past]
To punctuate
Foreign
letter,
dotted
l*fL*
Jsui
jj>
Ski;,
[idem]
Point
To transport
oy^
t
j-s- y*~*J
\ijj&
_}*-*>
To render indeterminate
[interrogative
j&j
\gj&l\ Îfii-I
negation]
implying a
Indeterminate noun
[indefinite
S^J
indeterminate]
,
-_l
noun,
Indetermination
"j^>
[idem]
\\l
N
[indefinite
O
jc^~"
Cf-J^
nunation]
Indeterminate
[indefinite,
j^
indeterminate]
indeterminate
ojj-aa
Non-intentional
j^
^
oj>j
:-
*ait OjSj
oij#a ej*->
l-
::--:
&ys>y
jS- oSyAt* oj>~>
^y^y
oiyajw
aj>^>
To forbid
Letter of interdiction
J&
^
%J*
^j**
[Prohibitive particle]
Ultimate plural
S?^ ls&~
[idem]
To pronounce the
Modulation
[Nunation,
letter
Oy
uij^
tanuin]
[Nunation of declension, of inflection}
Ocr^' uiJ^
[indefinite
jSî\
ijiy^
nunation]
[Genitive nunation,
oblique,
indirect]
j~l OiJ^
[indicative
g'J\ oifi
nominative,
subjective]
jjj-a>I Ji'j^
nunation,
Modulation of necessity Modulation of compensation
o*y^
ui.J--'
^0
N
U
.
iUliJI Jiyj
S - J
'-
[Accusative
nunation,
direct,
t_~^JI
jtyj
adverbial]
i . j
^j
Firmness of
N
of
Oy$\
^j?
-*
[Fixedness
Elimination of
N]
N
Nun]
o>J' t_ioi-
[Fall of
Modulated
[with tanuin,
with
oy-"
nunation]
ilJ&l
Heavy
N N
of confirmation
aSj^\
oy

Light
of confirmation
light
iLiiJl aSjA\
energetic]
Zjjijij
oy
of protection
oy
[Nun of separation]
Modulated
[...
HaM'Zaf
with
i^H
Sjli
tanuin]
Us
To represent
Pro-circumstantial
Û
t_s\k C_JU
[Adverbial deputy]
Pro-agent
JpU
apparent subject]
_JU
Cs6jert o/ the passive,
jiki Jîii C_JC

(ULaU
iU
Enough!
To be diversed
N
Noun
of manner
kind,
o
o
a
I
9y _
specificative,
[Noun of
Kind
Nature
of manner^
%y
*y
\Ju>
4
Up-to nine (About)
MY
H, HaE*u"
Him
To To
(attention!, here is, his)
t\jn
o
e
-
Assume
start
moving
litft
spell
Alphabetical order
U&**
'^y
\jdem\
Alphabetical letter
tlit* *-^_P"
[jdemj,
Alphabet
....-
*>*
[jdemj
This (masc.)
These two (masc)
These two (masc)
Aft
o'ji
jjji
Those
This
(fern)
s^ji
oji
(fern) (fern)
These two These two

Here
There
ol3li
^li
hi
Jbi
MA
H
Over there
dUbi
IJâ
Thus
Interrogative
Let's
J*
go
*
î
j-o-*
Isn't it~? (why not)
To prick
o
- J -
Defection of
HaM'ZaT
a
<>>4JI
J^[
Sound verb having
HaM'ZaT
jj*-S-*
7^*"* J*f
[Normal hemza verb]

Orthography of the
HaM'ZaT
Sj^l tf
( * )
HaM'ZaTu"
Radical
(*)
S>a
o>i
HaM'ZaT
root,
2Lel
radical]
0'
^!-*"~'
[Hemza
HaM'ZaT HaM'ZaT
[...
of
INDEED
S>a
of conciliation
J**
of equalization]
~-)'j
Augmented HaM'ZaT
[Redundant, augmented]
Empirical
>-*
HaM'ZaT
hearsay,
irregular]
EpUI S>i
[Popular, from
HaM'ZaT
of rupture
disjunctive,
<^S >-*
separative,
Cs<a&/e, formative,
vocalic
attack]
Methodical
HaM'ZaT
regular]
%?& S>i
[Syllogistic,
Converted
HaM'ZaT
transposed]
^j^
*Jj^>
>*
[Tfe versed,
Modulated
HaM'ZaT
of nunation]
<>>*
[Of
tanuin,
\\\
H
HaM'ZaT
[Of
of liaison
union,
conjunctive,
J-^j>
>>-*
connective,
vocalic
detente^
- ^
He
They
(dual)
ja
Cjt>
They (masc)
She
li
â
(dual)
They
tJb
They (fem)
Attention!
(ha!, here is, take!)
î
li
Ventilated letter
C^/ry
letter]
(...
t-iji-
jli
Come
He
here
Cu-ft
is far
from
(eh!)
Cilili
Vocative
Let's
Ci Ci
go
*J
."
O,
And
OdEOu"
OaEOi
j\j tj
j
t
(also, as, at, by, often, rarely, then, whereas, while, with)
O, orthography of the
j\ji\ Z>\z
To be obligatory
Certified exclusion
^r^J
^r^y C *-r^y J^ ^^-^

t
~r^y '^~-'
i
Obligatorily latent personal Obligatorily
yyrJ j^-* j^^>

^.yrJ
Ss>j
To
find
Alone
In the rear of
Jl>j
'Ijj
dl* \jj
To
the rear
To weigh
Measures of nouns
[^For/ns
Ojj
sLMI
metres^}
'! -
O'jj'
o/ nouns,
Measures of verbs
\jTypes of verbs^\
JliiMI O'JJ

[Întensive forms,
i*JL-JI O'jjl
superlative^
r-\
'
O
Measures
[Form, metre, type}
J
.-
-it
jujUl jljji
ojj
If
~ i
Triliteral
measure
^%*
form}
[s~\-**~
Ojj
{Trisyllable
Ojj
[Quinquesyllable form}
Quadriliteral
measure
es^yj
<->jJ
[Quadrisyllable form}
Sexiliteral
measure
tj-'J1-"
Ojj
[Sexisyllable form}
Empirical measure
[irregular type, popular, from
^^ Ojj
hearsay}
Methodical measure
"u~Q
''J-*
[Regular type, syllogistic}
Measure, quantities
ji^^* iOJj
JeLij
To mediate
Medium genus
Middle
^L.'j^
a~^
SaL'jit
[idem}
Amid
Middle of the word
ZJi\
Ja-j
J2I.J
[Idem}
Hurry up!
olS^j
quality
To represent the
Noun
UUfj
H~^Ji
**~*
of similar quality
[Verbal adjective, assimilate epithet}
r-r
O
Similar quality
J
^J^f uu#

Qualificative
**~f
indefinite relative clause]
[Adjective,
Qualified
<^y*y>
[idem]
Intentional,
not described,
indeterminate^^sj^ j;*
<o_^<a
ojSvj

Qualification
t&ys>y> o$yaju> *J>^

i_i-^>j
[idem]
To join
J^sj
Linked exclusion
[Joint exception]
Sf^
^^y"^
Conjunctive noun
6y*y
Jô^JI
Bond of conjunction
[Antecedent of the relative sentence]
4L^>
Connected personal
[yt/Tixed pronoun,
&f~*
connected]
-r?"
-9
Connected
[Attached,
affixed,
6^"
conjunctive]
Conjunctive
6y*y
[idem]
Special conjunctive
u"^"
relative
^y>y
adjective]
Common
conjunctive
)jJi*
oy*y
[Relative pronoun]
r-r
O
HaM'ZaT
[Of
of liaison
connective,
J
J-^J j**
vocalic detente^
5f>JjJI
union, conjunctive,
Pause
in reading
,J
tj&'j
[Fall]
[Letter of separation^
(... i_iji-)Silij
of protection
DVtt/t
(...
J oy)
I
SilSj
o/ separation^
jif j
To confirm
Confirmative noun
[Corroborative noun, confirmative^
^y
(*-'
Confirmative
[Corroborative, confirmative^
JuS"
"jSy
iSj>-
[Corroborative particle, strengthening^
Global confirmative
Self-confirmative
Jy\j.
jS y
<uS
x J
.0
Oral confirmative
"JkH
juS""
[Verbal corroboration^
Moral confirmative
[Corroboration in meaningj
-
[Strengthening accusative^
Unconfirmed
[Non-corroborative^
jS'y
'Js-
O
Confirmed verb
[Corroborative verb, confirmative]
J
J
J*i
Unconfirmed verb
[Non-corroborative verb]
jf- J*a
Confirmed
[Corroborative]
Js
J^ji
i -
Heavy
N N
of confirmation
iL&JI JuS
_jJI
o^

Light of confirmation
light energetic]
I
ÂâsJI OjS'jJ! o^j
Vocative
(ah! , oh!)
To concede
V*J
o.lslj
4
One
Twenty -one
Jls-Ij
OjjZ^j
Jls- I
Oh!
Ah!
lilj
Is j
Y-0
E, EaLiFii"
Dual
E, E,
JiS\
utl\
(
. .
Orthography of the EaLfF

quiescent EaL/F
C...
CUf )
uaJÎ
uaJI
i^L
SLji
without motion]
aJI
*
E, E, E,
long Ea'LiF
..*
t
permanent EaL/F
shortened EaLi'F
C-.-
Sij'il t-aJl
Ojjôaa u>i\
brief]
oijJt-o
abbreviated,
E,
extended EaL/F
[iVo/owged...!]
uu\
T"V
Y,
My
They do They do
YdE*u"
tîi*
i\J
(plur)
Ojijuit
(dual)
(
. .
0^*ai
.
Verb of certitude
\jdenT\
It is
J*i
&&
Oj*
'&+i
C
not
Right
Oh! Oh! the witch Oh! the

traitress
<lt&*
flJk>
YY
PARTICULAR INDEX
[^\^ "jJ&
Ui uo UV
^rA
XX
or
OA
b
T
y O
>
G
F
IV
V>
C
J
U
^0*
J
J
V^
H
K D
Z
\oi
k
L
d
J
f
^ ^
i i
\OA
U
^0
nr n-
m
n
o
o
Â
R
z
s
j j
Â TO
T-1
H
O
E
\r
^
j
I
^
J,
jfi
\\\
\ \
X
S
T-V
UTA
J>
31&JI iwl
TjJI
TECHNICAL STUDY
TABLES AND LISTS
31&JI iwl/jJI
TECHNICAL STUDY
*-
.#
JLA
.LyJi Ja^lîj oir^pjij Lsjj^Ji Jjtu;
^jî
A STUDY
of Criteria for Selecting Declined and Structured Words in Arabic Grammar
INTRODUCTION
aim of
this
II
- The
study
is
to
familiarize
the
English-language
reader with the Arabic thought which has inspired the rules of
grammar, by putting before him a reference document covering

the major part
of the grammatical terminology.
The
criteria
and motives which have made the author adopt certain terms
and prefer certain expressions to others
will
be shown in the
:
course of the presentation. This dictionary comprises

1
new method of
transliteration putting the Arabic letters
(ijjji-), vowels (olST,i-)

Latin characters.
and accents (Jajlj^)
into
2-
proper
(
translation
of
the
declined
(olT^w)
and
structured
oQli ) words which make up the whole of Arabic
grammatical nomenclature.
nr
Ja^lj^Jlj
olTjsJlj tJjjsJI JL*iJ

lS"^w<>
J^^Jjl
?âj
SC-VS'
lî
j-p
j!
JjjjJI
(_*j;JI
ibS" iU-
lj*j .*^j>&
olijli
JjLj o>jJI Jlil
J&j
*L,\jJj \ j*j
'
[gijxW
yl\
t( Masculine) ^STji
t(Verb) Jî t(Noun)

l-**j
Jill
Ji*
^jlakll
îJ" u^J*i p^***^
...AJI
(Nominal sentence)
<ul Uj>-
Jr-*
*'
IsO"" J^*^
CO*"*
ls^*
*-*'
^^
ij'-i
.L.I,aJl
TU
12
The
two
proposed transliteration simultaneously takes account of

factors
:
phonetics and orthography.
While demanding a
certain effort to
this
adapt oneself to new conventional symbols,

it
method
makes
possible
in
to
translate
integrally
the
grammarian's intention
letters,
the
use
he
makes of the Arabic

it
vowels,
and accents. Thence
will
all
be
its
possible
artifices
to
write in Latin characters the Arabic with

either to
and
keep or dispense with the vowelling. Further, and for

time,
it
the
first
will
be possible
in
reading a Latin
faithfully the
script
whose meaning
is
unknown, to reproduce
Arabic
text with its vowels, its accents, every particular
form of the
HalVTZaT, as
13
well as the
most
subtle nuances of orthography.
The
given
criteria
governing
the
selection
of English
words
have
preference
to those
which best correspond to the ex-
pression
of the
Arabic
thought.
Any attempted comparison

:
with
English
grammar has been avoided
only
those
terms
have been retained which have a

the English terms, such as
strictly identical
meaning with
noun
(*
-I). verb
I
(J
etc.
")
masculine (jS Ju), nominal sentence (*

dictionary
offers
*^r),
of
the
This
an
original
interpretation
grammar
based on a near equivalence of the terms used and at the
same time gives

14
full
value to the authentic Arabic thought.
- The
following
tables,
on
the
colored
pages,
will
serve
to
illustrate this study.
no
1*5
U (LAROUSSE) j (BLACHERE)
tjJ
S-WlaiJlj
(WRIGHT)
(DABBARA) yi
'^p** .oliJI C~-j <~- t_3jsjl
lîLa
^r ^TL. Jl J>J
'
'.
^jjl
-
g\h JU-i-MO dL\\

->
'
'.
7 *
'.'.
<j*. '<j"J< '(_r~i
J~*
tOlSliLi^JI
^âwj
2uJbs*i (JlSLiL
rn
- TRANSLITERATION
21
The method
principles
proposed
in
in
this
dictionary,
while
adopting the
developed
WRIGHT'S grammar
fills
as taken
up by
gaps
BLACHERE
which
still
and
LAROUSSE,
in
some
of
the
remain. In summary, these are

accents (Ja
Certain
Aj
such
*)
have no corresponding
the
conventional
extension (3
symbol,
J),
is
as
tension
(SjJi),
the
liaison
(J
*oj); as for quiescence

In
(oj&-)
it
not represented.
order to
lessen
the
inconvenience of this lack, letters are doubled when there

is
tension (oJ^).
DABBARA
is
written for (Jf*), even
though
one B
liaison
this is not correct in Arabic,
where there
the
the
is
only
(v)- The extension (J^) and ojUn) disappear in ( Jl^l

is
HaM'ZaT
system.
of
The
quiescence
sidering
handled
by
the
common
not
usage
of con-
quiescent
every
consonant
followed
by
vowel
2
which
is
another lack.
written
(
The HaM'ZaT
radical
is
in
only one
)
,
way. The same

is
HaM'ZaT
in
*X*
ji
however,
pronounced
:
differently
certain
word
families,
,
such as
to
afflict
is
it
((_r^)
misfortune
{^y.)
and
harm( (J-C).
This
the reason
is
why
;
it
is is
written in
harmony with the way
pronounced
it
desirable that this nuance should be
respected.
The
defective
letters
( 5JuJI
^J/J~
do
not
have
served
an
as
is
adequate correspondence. These three

vowelling
letters
letter
(dLy>J)
in
old Arabic.
The
(j)
If
it
not considered a semi-vowel in
all
languages.
is
pronounced (j)
or
in
English,
letter
it
it
is
in
French an emphatic
is
double V.
The
;
EaL/F
(<-iJI)
not
bar
given
separate
symbol
is
designated
by
over
the
nv
f jljjl
iiliTj iViJI OUJSII
Cuil
^.U i(ARADU) l/Ôl
3'
us
1
-3
**"
>.
sui^ u*jj^
1
s* Ol Or*" t^
"s"
1
V-^ Ui^ AN
(
>
ji
ûjjjjl
sUlj SjjâiJI
jS^tf SlUWI Jl&ity âu .
UUJ cJap!
aIlJÎ
iJ*}j>%j
o.,.
jkS
(jo***^ *"-~" sW*f" Jjj**

Jafc;
Jl
- 1
-LUJI Jjl_ji JsLid

3_>*
^Ûa^t
ojJ
:
iOMIpJI
^âju
^
(s)
iUi*
Ji* i_5jJI
C*s*J
jj-ol!
sllaJlj
oil?-
Sj1j
OljLil d>^J IÛjCîI JJj

t
Uai-j
(z)
sllaJI
Jt (_3j>JI C*s*J ikftjj

3 s j,
.
"
Or*"
eJL?-lj
ejlil
JLjC-I Jsflii
(H) *IpJ Ji*
<_*>>JI
sB
Ji. *-0J iJjsJI jljSJ
J?ly^l (J*j JjiyJI

.(T, T,
T) sUlj
JipI_jaJI J_j-tfN
L^hI-J J^b- >WmIj

.iSjjiaJI
<.j\Ji& oJJ> Ju.

,^JI
Ju
M
t
jlS"- TT
j*OZi>u>
^Jj
UJj
ojjk
J&u
Jj-l_pJI
^yiU^jj
Zj yS\
0J4J
:J>JI
O* }*> i}?J
^yj'J
^^yj i-*jj>-
<j* tijfct
Lsf-^
-k^
>
(Small letters) o^**** olTâJlj (Capitals) j^- <-*J>>^'
(EaRaEDt/OE)
IjaIjO
(DaBaRa)
Y>A
vowel a to indicate that

foreign
it
should
be prolonged.
transcribe
The
the the
reader
gets
lost
when he must
as
verb:
three
they
want
(Ijjljl)
ARADU:
Where
are
EaL/F and
the letter
is
W?
N
after a
Modulation
vowel,
(
(jyX)
in
)
represented by the letter

for
as
AN
.
(_)
the
modulation
of opening
*_~aJI
iy_yj
But the very definition
of modulation
precisely states that the quiescent letter

is
("C
IS
pronounced
at
the
end of the word
BUT
oy) NOT
WRITTEN
5
Certain particular forms,
such as the shortened
EaL/F
(ljy*A*
(_iJl)
and the attached
(~A>y.y>
*t), have
been simply ignored.

6
The 29
letters of the alphabet
( si
>^\
<J.jj
's-
are
represented by Latin letters topped in
some cases with
conventional signs to mark differences in pronunciation.
Three kinds of distinctive sign are used

over the
letter,
an acute accent
as S (î), a dot under the letter, as
(J) and a
line
under the
letter,
as
(r)
to
It
would
be preferable to use only a

differences
single
sign
mark the
and not to exaggerate the repetition of the

as T, T,
same
letter,
(<i
22
It
was necessary
to
fill
the gaps,
find
solutions
which cor-
respond to the laws of Arabic
grammmar and
avoid obstacles
in
which might complicate the method. Our solutions

are:
1
summary
Arabic script consists of letters

* *
/' <-*jj
.
>\ )
vowels
(ol
S"j
p-) and accents (Ja

will
j\'jJ>)
Each of these
symbols, without exception,

correspondent.
have a different English

written
in
Consonants
are
capitals,
vowels
place
in
small letters, with accents assigned a natural
among them.
for
(
We
j*\j\
)
write
DaBaRa
for
(Ji*)
and
EaRaEDuOE
aoJ* (Acute accent) oU- o^J
o j*^Jt
Oj^-
(To prick)
^^
oj^JI JISÎ JijJlk>)|l
IJiSâj
(*)
i
(Asterisk) <w*J
I
J&j
SjJ
;
lit
(Y)
(6) j
J*^J
(E)
JSj
^J*. t5>^'
accent)
i5Uj
(j-ij
(E)
J-rf^JI
u**ai*z~i
I
(Grave
:_^Sol,
.
OyJI
U^j
^.fc
.(Ea)
i
:JuJJ (Tilde) .slai^l

i
(BaE'SM")
(BuO'Su ') ^jj
(BrY'Sa)
-*
-*
-*
^Lj
jju;
LU (Y).iJ&J'(E) tjl>U (O)

i-jjpl<jl
^yJI ^.j^JJ
j^
L$*j .OlS"j?- M
Orrr^
(Capitals)
.(E)
i->j^
AL* obi
ilj 
t
i> ^ô.
1
(^
4jj
t^j^
t
IH
01
Or^^
n
(
A ")
(a")
>- ^^JI
:
J-.^^
JisUJ
j-s-yi^
(i")
{jîy**
t
tJj?-
oJj>
y.^
,Jrf.
^"j^JIj
.
(")
^LvaJlj
52jl
lKi} iU^JI SLyJI
(f)
^y
.*
_j,
-*
*.
*tj i(E) ojj-î.
>_aJI
:L^S- 4ÛJI JISL_Î _
J
,Jrf-
w
1
&LJ!>U! 1^%*U^> o_>j*Jb
**~^
?W
^Jj^
'fjy^'3
*\
(B) *UI Ji
l^Jli
4ajjIiJIj
iiil;
lij?-
YY
2-
The HalVTZaT (oj*a)

Arabic.
will
enjoy the same rights as in being translated

will
The verb
HaMaZa (>i)
by
the verb to prick, the letter
HaM'Zaf
be essentially
an acute accent reproducing this image of the verb.

isolated acute accent will be rendered asterisk
An
more
visible
by an
the
for
for
will
(
(*),
and
the
other
:
forms
for
(
I
of
)
,
HaM'Zaf
(
then be easily written

)
for
\$
The grave accent
will
be reserved for
tilde
the liaison
J-rf>_>JI
S>i): E
,
for (I)
.
and the
for
the extension (~x>)
Ea
for (T)
so one can
write, just
,
as
in
Arabic:
B/Y'Sa
(^),
BhO'Sk" C^y.)
and
BoE'Sh" (Irfc).
3
Defective letters (SLJI *J>jy-) will be represented by the
vowels not used for vocalization
for
for
(
I
and
for
^)
They
will
be capitals to show that they

it
are letters and not vowels. Strange as

letter
may seem,
(<-JI)
the
will
stand for the famous

is
EaLiF
of the
Arabic alphabet, which

letter
wrongly associated with the
A.
4-
Modulation
(jjjj)
will
find
grammatical
solution.
Certain linguists have had the less than happy idea of

writing a small
slightly
[nj
after
a capitalized vowel, raising

in
it
above the
is
line
as
A"
for
(-).
lines
The happy
of
for
n
,
solution
raised,
for
(
to
keep
the
two
vertical
thus
i"
and to transcribe a"

,
for
(1), u"
(1),
-)
so safeguarding the spirit and the letter of that
harmonious intonation of the Arabic language.

5
Particular forms
will
be written
for
^)
and
for
(0.
6
The 29
letters
of the Arabic alphabet
will
be transcribed
in Latin characters as follows
17 letters are
pronounced the same as Latin
letters,
as
for
YY
>
(D)
.
aCill
Jl*
() *UI }a
(Cedilla) jLJJu
^Cj
--
J*-b
**"'->
-Jj>-
(*) oj*^J1 ^j*
(Asterisk) ju*^ J***r"

*"
-*j-J
"*
.(C) sUJ
Gj
sllilJ
(?)
(MECHICO)
\âii'j
(MEXICO) ^J IS
jJiii
(X) -
IriJ 1
.
Z}*J_
(*)
^j^
*J
U u:^ (D
*
Ji
JbJt>JI <dil!
^j Jaii iJtJ iT^j
ils*^'
*^
LS*
t*'-*'
..WO *WM
(H) J (H)
Oljtf-jJI
,y ^"1 Gop iâ^k

olil
Vr'^ ^1
1
Jo^
JU
tlc**^
toopl^l oTjUJI
U\J \bjai
CJlS"
ISIj
.&W
(jljjMI
fj**^
^^
%yi& sUJM
iJjl*
^jLiJI
oj^j
UjL
JiJ_ Yi
YYY
; .
10
letters
are
pronounced
differently
they
will
be
underlined as a warning, such as

1 letter 1 letter
for (
takes a cedilla
for
( <i< ) ( * )
takes an asterisk
* for
Certain correspondences
may be
surprising, such as:
- X R
for ( J
similar to
,
for ( (j5
as in
for (^ ) MEXICO pronounced
mechico
in
Portuguese.
for
(f
like
the
of the Parisian street urchin.

effort
The reader must make here an

is
of adaptation which
not,
in
the
long
run,
harder
than
any
first
other.
No
its
letter
has been used more than twice: a
time in
in
its
normal pronunciation and a second time only

pronunciation, as
new
and
(V
o )
23
Let
the
reader,
however,
restrain
himself
from
of
excessive
its
enthusiasm, for this method has some
difficulties
own.
con-
By the
fact
that the
Latin vowel
it,
is
placed
beside the
sonant and not over

represented,
( -*_r>- )
that
all
the Arabic letters

is
must be
a
letter
that
a
the
phoneme
)
constituted
by
and
vowel ( IT j>-
united,
Latin
units.
transliteration
demands a
greater
number of alphabetic
Our method,
strange
very valuable for grammatical equivalences,
may appear
when
it
comes to transcribing personal names and geographical
places.
24
- But
all
these inconveniences have nonetheless been accepted in

light
an effort to bring to
the concept
of measures (6'jj')
to permit
linked to the process of derivation
(JUî^l) and
no ambiguity
in the
reading of texts.
rrr
fcjttJI
4
olil
0>
L:>C^j
^yjl
i
-
_y^J(
-"
^
^j
dial. ikJI
pi*
Vj-
JaJI
>
^
rr fee *ctf!L he his
.
-~
ts
Ji
i-
riifct^Wyr
hL
tpoybte. Ik ~m
_î!l
uyf-
.IrUifc
zander
st
mj-
te^ imess v-_
f
;
aS
the Mil WDttdgi
b :iiw
hearth.
^y yt
YYi
This bit of Arabic poetry

the
may
serve to
show the usefulness of
method
HaEMi'Lu EL'HaOaE TaRiBu
YaS'TaKjFHM EL'TaRaBw
E/rVT
BaKaE YaHuQu LaHw LaVSa MaE Bi'Hi LaRi'Bu

OaEL'HaBfYBM YaN'TaHiBw
TaD'HaKfYNa LaEHiYaTa"
TaR'JaBfYNa MiN' SaQaMiY
SiHaTiY HfYa EL'RaJaBw
(Ea
BmO NuOaESi")
rro
jpuj ijj* T
j^sj omuji oaa}
.iji.
ja
i^j
s^jji *Ltî
t
î^
tsu^ji
JUi\llj
sU-^lj jJjjsJ >lj!
(Regularity, or ending in u)
Jiij
(Openness, or ending
in a)
\JL^>
î-
_ y _ r _
(Reduction, or ending in
/)
(Elision, or quiescent ending)
ji-
:^l
JîJI Js- U>j>-J ai EiJÛI
jipIjaJI
îL.
_
^
(Subject, or nominative or indicative case)

(Direct object, or accusative, or subjunctive case)
(Indirect, or oblique or genitive case)
'*i~j
L~U; _ Y
"j^
_ r
(Apocopate, or jussive case)
Iji-
(Subject) a-S"UL
Sjil_,
(Nominative or indicative) ejjjâJb
*U- j* (Declension)
v'j*^ ^.H**
^1
liJ'j
v'j*^'
i>^-<* J
1
(Invariable, Olijj*;
ft
LJLI
\Jujc~.\
t
j&J
I^&u*
^l
(Structure)
J***j
j^^
**
t>'
0* ^liij
indeclinable,
non-flectional)
jjl-
Mj >ri
ji
j}*j ji
jjj*. "y jJL- tuji Usui oi
foJj
TT1
MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX

true
( "j^6'j
Sj^ )
interpret
31
- The
challenge
of
Arabic
grammar
is
to
the
situations of
words
in a sentence according to their syntactical
function.
These
,
situations
involve
,
the
endings
(Jliil)
of
letters
(<-Jjy-)
called
1
of
nouns
(t>L\)
and
verbs
and
are
Regularity, or ending in u
(fj)
2
3
Openness, or ending in a
Reduction, or ending in
i
(y*)
^-f
(
'
Elision, or quiescent ending
f Jr? )
This
conception
is
clearly
different
from
of
that
adopted
by
orientalists,
who,
referring
to
notions
Latin
grammar,
translate
1
thus:
Subject, or nominative or indicative case
\gj)
(
2
3
Direct object, or accusative, or subjunctive case

Indirect, or oblique, or genitive case
v^)
(jr)
(
Apocopate, or jussive case

It
is
f 'J? )
latter
enough
to
say,
to
the
disavantage
of
(
these
equivalences, that a verb in the subject case
fji
can be
never
a
not
indicative,
is
not
nominative
and
is
certainly
subject.
32
- As
to the endings of words, syntax separates
them
into
two
large categories:
declension
(vG*)'') and
structure
(2UJI).
Declension has had the unanimous consent of orientalists, but

the term ^structure] remains
original.
Terms
(
like
)
.
invariable,
indeclinable, non-flexional have been used for
*Uj
These terms,
besides having a negative prefix not found in Arabic, are a poor

translation of the grammarian's intention.
The structured (j**)

three,
word
is
word constructed with two,
or more letters
which does not admit inner augmentation or change of ending.

It is like
a house that has just been given a saddle roof and so
YTY
(Structure)
3J^
ul*
.
dUi Ji AiLJ^L .aS^

>
*Ij
JX
t
î oJu*y
,>&*/
(Letter of t<
^ o
t
:5
*u*
ISLaÎ
j
ojjUu /*
j! I
(Structure
J*iJI *lL
(Structured noun)
construction)
.of the verb)
3jj
J^w
i<JJI j*-i
^
(^JJi
jJI ojiî
.Iwl>-
2aLsJI ,ji>îl
^Jj^>j- TT
iL^Ji apLv> jJy
l[_p*Ji
JjJi
joJj
ol
*JLi
Jp^-y
(NUNATION
.ol^J
or
j-jyJJI
J_jS
01
dUi Jsî
ILj
Jj
.^-$3
JUaiJ
<J^1JI 0Jl " ts* *
^r**1 i^
iji
^ TANUIN)
aUoÎIj jj^Jlj uijZaJI :jyj l#
^Za-lJI
(j-iji;
j-jI*j
4j!jC-
Ti
"
uijj
>
o-.
*aJ :*
^
.
"j
t.t.i
j-fr
(Varied)
(J*J
J^
J
i^JJI
i
OjJ<aJJ (Variation) j-jj~
(Variable)
J^
'J
.
(Variability)
j OjZaJI
(Morphology) st^L
(Invariable)
Oâi'
L^JlS!5U ^^l* JiLiaJJ
dUij
J*iJl ijuj*&}
(Conjugation)
Jt CjUJS"
t/'-'j*'
I 1
i*jUw
toj^J (Measure)
v-^j
(Type,
5**-jI
LiiS_^1
metre)
_ t
ls*
JÛJI
l$J^J.u>
form,
.
'J
jl
(Empirical) U1pI__
jl
o j^J'
Oj-SL>
^^-i^j-Jlj
.SopIS j
5jj?o j- (jJL
U t--^
(Methodical)
VTA
.:
cannot
take
higher
story.
This
word
[^structure]
permits
moreover some interesting derivations:

(_
letter
,
of construction
5 r
i *
J/-),
structured
noun
(_
~ pl)
structure of the verb
33
Particular
attention
will
be reserved for modulation

is
jijX )
This intonation at the end of the word
a precious
ornament
of the Arabic language. Inspired by the word (*-*^), which
means musical consonance,
its
effect
is
to
accentuate
the
syntactical distinction between certain turns of phrase.
Thanks
to modulation
to
(
(jtjX)
jj
>
for
example, one marks his intention

to
define
.
(<_*
>C)
word or
make
it
indeterminate
j& )
NUNATION
or
TANUIN
used just as they are by
linguists, serve only to complicate a situation that sin itself is
simple.
34
Three terms give matter for reflection.

(tJjiUJI)
1
,
They
are
variation
.
measure (oj>ll)
and incorporation (^1*j)II)
There exists a large number of words that are derived
from variation (t_jjl<>). Constantly used, these words

can be a cause of confusion unless the same family
is
employed which can embrace

signate
/"
all
their functions.
To
de-
this
\
family
we have chosen
itself
the
term variation
(Jy),
variable
which
lends
to:
variability
\uuj*4j),
/"
-\
(oÎtfi),
varied
(J)j*a^>),
is
invariable
for
Jf)
these
(Ji"J^j>.
A
and
slight
exception
made
to
morphology
(Jy)
2
conjugation
(uuj^)
preserve
important links with English grammar.
Measure
for
j'j )
has been retained in preference to
type, form, metre,
on account of
Measure
(
its
similar use in both
prosody
and
music.
will
.>
be
empirical
ojj)
(^_*Ull.
whether
its
or methodical
;j
dj'j)
depending on
use
is
regulated by experience or by gram-
matical right.
YY^
J
6
1
jU-il
^*ii
l**rjJ Jiy ^J JÛ-ÎI

tfl
UL
(Assimilation)
.(To incorporate)
s^ ^
iLi Ji-jl
EJ^JI
(Analysis
jl
of the
*Lj>JI
v'j*!
->'
(Declension
of the
word)
U^-j JjjiJI
11
^
J*
^-Jdl
LJiiU
(-r
LJI
j^s-
sentence)
^^ i/
tj*
^'j^
"^
uiiSJl V}l
iJ;
(Analysis) v'j*!
*^
Ji 1**
inv'j*)!
(>
*>
%j
~o\
.(Declension)
tfjjl
J*iJI
J-UJ ^jj. jj
L'U
jT jîljal
JbJ .^J^.^
(To affirm)
C-Uj
(To confirm)
il^jjl
J^j
L*
5Llwl "-ol^j
OMUgjjdj
^
:^|l Jij&l 'UJul

(N of
SoS
j^>
jul^l
UAjljil
-x-S'jJI
o_y
(Letter of confirmation)
JlS"V
<-j
J-
(Confirmed verb)
Joji jii
.
confirmation)
(Confirmative status)
(Firmness of OjJI
O^J
.
(Affirmative sentence)
i^*
*^
t
- r
(Affirmative verb) C~i
Jo
N)
3-
Incorporation
(fl*al)
and defection (JÂpI)

from
used
have
not
received the attention they deserve
linguists.
The
term assimilation has

---.of
already
been
for
(*Uol),
whereas the second has not even been translated. The

Arabic verb ((**')
another,
to
i.e.
means to make a
thing
enter into
it
to incorporate.
As
for defection,
(u*JI
belongs
the
family
its
of defective
letters
<^Jj^)
who
undergo
influence.
35
Declension of the word (&J&JI
vG*l)
ls
confused
.
in
Arabic
with analysis of the sentence (S&iJI L>\j*\)

will
The
distinction
be made in English,
even though the analysis consists

in a
chiefly in disclosing
changes
word by reason of
its
place
(&**)
in the
sentence... these changes being also
synonyms
of declension
(vC^"
\iJ-?>
(vG*')- Tne place of a word in the- analysis j* &**) is a concept which does not have its
If,
equivalent in English.
for example, a structured
noun i;
it
undergoes the
regular
action
of a verb
(J**;
making
an
is
agent with
ending,
we
say
of this
noun that
it
structured in the place of the agent with regular ending

(
^f)
pro-
Jpli
ij
J^>
^J
such heavy syntactical
style
has rebuffed
most
blem.
linguists,
who have
largely preferred to ignore the
36
- Two
terms,
with their derivatives,
come up
often
in
Arabic
are
grammar
(
to indicate positive situations and elements. to confirm, and
They
Ji5T})
(c3)
to affirm.
The
distribution of
positive roles in
a sentence will be assured in the following
way:
1
JuS
Ojs- ),
(
of confirmation
(juS^JI
oy)
confirmed verb
IxSTji
J*i), confirmative
status {Z'SZ'y
J-).
2-
(
(~
(
**-), firmness of
*y?)
dyi\
affirmative verb
CJU
Jii
î*^ ^3j~3
1
J}^ <^3y
OUiS"
ojl;
Cx*y
J* So**
ls*
^y^ J*^jks-l
>
(Particle,
Ij^Jsj
Jl
Ûl
\^j>
jjl
i^JJ
t
^ ^
OjJ>>JJl
oij
*iaiUI
ol*
jA+jcâ
jiSj
preposition,
conjunction)
lllij
t
j-jcJI
J*
feiUJI L* l&i
.CjJ&NI
jlS
IÛUll
iiL"
<UJJ
l-i*
l
JSMI
JU
t
jl*
~<u*Xi ^jlapl
(Webster) 01
t,
UU?
4~jU
^^Jl
Oj?-
b>LJ
(Literature)
jLl ^> i'^'j

111
.
(Littera)
jlol j* -lj
II*
^y Jijj^l J* {fj
^yjl
^_pjjl Zj
JS^jj
(Sibilant
j^
J/U^<
(Defective
letter)
51*
J/-
l^J
ii*su
letter)
ÛJI
i_i jj?-
...JI
(Guttural letter)
:
J&-
<-iji-
J/-
(Letter of introduction) gljol j_,?b i_$j*u (j-^r' " .-- (Letter of negation) Jj- t (Letter of interrogation) /l$i~-l
t
t_i]î-*j*-
:lL.
jJ^j" jH\
2JUJL
JLJL
l>/-
^>Jjl
<.
J-jJI
Oli lijjjJI- ir
(Letter of elision)
t
a j?-
(Letter of opening)
t
aJ
jlJu
't-*j-
.,-....
(Annulling
letter)
~D
Oj?.
(Letter
of
call)
(Letter of attraction) <_ila*
oLiiNI _jp jj
^jj
-~aJ
.As-lj t_AJU<aJ
^1*<JI ^-*3^~
fc**^
*Sl_
ii
0^4
i
C^H -*ji.
ot i_i>; jl ^yiS^ JbuJI
J^
^l*j
.SjJ&Nl
5ilJii*^.l
jjlUJI Ijia ^jj 4*-Ip-
}U t5jjjuA
jl
ilp
jl
JJ*; ijj?-
(Coordinate conjunctions) a <u$Jl* jL
fj-~
jUwN
YrY
4 -
THE LETTER
The
letter
J^kJI
in
41-
{*Sy-)
Arabic, includes two different groups:
letters
of construction
(^
Jl
ZS\ iJ/j
-)
and
letters
of
signification (^l**-"
linguists
Ojj*-). To designate
like
the latter group,

preposition,
have preferred words

using
particle,
conits
junction,
now one and now

its
another
according
to
resemblance to
to
English homologue.
We
have preferred here

the
keep
the
same Arabic terminology,
more
so
since
WEBSTER
three
gives at least six meanings for Letter QitteraH and

largely
meanings to Letters ^literature], thus
covering
the intention of the Arabic grammarian.
To look
further
would
only add to the reader's confusion.
42-
The
letters of construction
{jfcA\ <-Jj^)
will,
or letters of the
their
alphabet
(s&f^ iJ/J-)
:
according
(
to
Si*
type,
,
be
defined by an adjective
letter
Defective letter
(
O j,
Sibilant
(jjw> ^j-)
Guttural letter
j- <J^-)
will
etc.,
while
the letters of signification
(^1**^ *-*Jj*0
be expressed
by a substantive: Letter of introduction (g'-^l -*j-)> Letter

of interrogation
( (
ttycij
<S_f-
Letter
of negation Jj-
Jl,
etc.
(
43
Letters having a syntactical action
^yl
J* )
will
have the
denomination of the situation they create: Letter of opening

(
înu vSj>-
Letter of elision
j*- <-3^-
Letter of call
fjJ ( s
<Jj^),
Annulling
letter
(-.U
<-*j-),
Letter
of
attraction
( <_ila* i_3
44
- The
advantage of grouping the
letters of signification
it
under a
single
nomenclature
is
that
focuses
attention
on
their
meanings
account
(jfc)
of these
It is
already
letters'
rather
numerous,
to
without
taking
resemblance
for
their
English
holetter
mologues.
enough to know,
serve
example, that the

of causality
**
)
.
SO THAT (J?) can

finality
(
as
(
letter
(J-W),
not be
4;L* )
or originality
3 j J
;
It
will
necessary, for this purpose, to go on about
its
resemblance to
coordinate conjunctions.
rrr
jJj^JI
j^ll
Ijl*
^J
*ty
yl tdUAJI
SjJIjJI
oÛ ^JT, w^l oU^_ j-UsU tiiUJ y ^yJI fi

laaj.
. .
o>
^yJI jSUJL
"tfu;!
jtf'SlI
ifi>\j
U JJ
...
(Subject)
hJ
jL~-li
iL*JI
jla
jui
tSjP-SlI
<C*~MI
tiJUs^JI
<>><
j*
tiilxJI
CcO^ jl'-"-Nj jli U JL*;!. u!l

' t
(Subject of the verbal
sentence) J*li ijc-*
>
(Subject of the nominal sentence)

^.Jla iL*JI
_ r
01
~}\>*A tt*-M
^.
JiS"^
aU.,-.....JI
oyJI
oL.ill
'Is*
'->'
C^-NI
51.j*J1
UJI &*l o^l?-_ or
"
'
J^
11
uiJ*
J*
~J~*
^'
3
-.
'3
?jf"'
<J* 1&*
rri
5
51
- THE
NOUN ( j^l )
of nominalization
of
compatibility
- The marks
situations
(*lNI
*^)
as well as the
noun
in
Arabic morphology
(t^^\ oN-) distinguish the It is essential to ( Oj ^

.
conserve for terms moving in this orbit the closest equivalence

to the Arabic thought.
52- The
i.e.
reference
(a.NI)
defines
useful
is
speech
(^^J
f!dJt),
the sentence (aLJ>JI)
and
composed of two elements:

making
the subject (<uN
xli) and
the information (oi~i),
up the
pillar
(JU#) of
this sentence.
will,
The choice of the word

start,
subject for
( <uJl
xli )
from the
take
it
out of the
competition with other nouns responsible for the action, such

as:
1
(JpU)
( Tlxili j
Subject of the verbal sentence, subject of the nominal sentence.

for these
The Arabic vocabulary used

sentence will
two components of the

on,
make
possible,
further
much more harmo-
nious equivalences.
53- The
-
situations
of compatibility (<*~>^l)
of the
Arabic
word
with nominalization (') are four in number:

1

Similar to
:
declined and varied
noun

Similar to: declined
noun and prohibited from
variation.
Incompatible with exceptional modulation

Similar
to:
noun structured on modulation of
indeter-
mination
4
Incompatible
Similar to:
noun structured on
to
will
its
ending.
It
is
quite
essential
have
clear
view of
aii
these
de-
nominations. Syntax
situations
not be understood so iong as the
of compatibility
(Z^^ O^t)
have
not
been
assimilated.
rro
Uft
l$;.u* oLijî
.
usr"^"
aij**-* ls** *r* ^' 31**JI
jj-
Oi
C-s-j^ ojj
(The primate and the predicate) j^J'j ijc~JI
lili
'
(Inchoative, nominal subject)
Oji^J
jki-l
Ij~JU
*frtjl~-'
Jj^"
*
(Prime) ^"ib
w
*
^jJ*
C*JbD J*l lo~*l
Ijo-JI ^ki-
<tS'l_y>
^ji
->,s
t^liJI Slo-.*^! 3JUj>JI

" .
^*
.
'jÔ
-*.;
- Y
'.
(Enunciative)
it-fr-a*;
oU Mj
l
j\j\
j*
u
.
U JSo
".^-
_jikj
^j ja Uj
(Adjective)
_^-
jl
(Attribute)
j-NI j^-^VJ
*SI_)JI
U!IS" ^pJI ^ji
(Universal predicate)
J^JUJi jJJI tSj^-
<dJL*j
ysllaJI 4Ail_jd
(Subject)
id&
J*li a*K" Ij**-^
JlaJ
CiJjJI
3JU-
^J
(Subject of the verb)

:
f&jk
y>j
oS
t^jJ&^l
t
}a
JaaJI
^j*J'
0j^LJ[t
t
JuaJ'
J-ii
UzjI
lift
(Subjectum) 1US* Uuj

(Act and jO-
JpU
Ak-I_^ Slj
.
ô>***U-
jl
iLÛJoj
^1 ^ûJ
'CJ**H
(Agent) i*Ai
i>*
UJ* Jf~~
a*s
J*l iUS" US' action)
.(Agent-noun)
J*UJI
-.!
i*-J
ULÎ
(Complement:
t
direct object, ~y>
~sj.*lM u*il
Lj
C.li
UlpI
u*
objective
complement or complement of object)

.
^ji
(Complement) 5J6
ioiS"
b>j\y\
ju
*i>>J
olijli
(Supplement)
UL
i^Lj'il
j^
ilj; SSjJS^ÎI
tn
54
- The
nominal sentence
4~l aII*its
is
based on two essential
elements
which constitute
pillar
,
(o.u*). These
are
the
primate and the predicate

led
Cjf^J -^*JI )- The

words
have
reasons that
explained
in
to
the
choice
of these
been
the preface.
1
For
the
term
4*
linguists
have
preferred
inchoative and nominal subject. If
we
think of the root
(*j
j)
which
recalls
that of [Prime],
such choices
poorly serve this veritable prince of syntax.

2
Hard on the heels of the primate
1^4*
the
in
second
its
element of the nominal sentence emerges also

originality:
full
(j
f^)
is
which
attribute,
some have
or
called
the
In
enunciative
reality,
and others
even
adjective.
this
noun
)
none other than the universal pre-
dicate
yf-
of
all
syntaxes.
55
From
filled
the verbal sentence,
we
will
mention only the functions
by nouns
1-
The term (J
^subject] for
)
el
its
is
has been translated by the word

its
apparent concordance with

in
English
homologue.
there
It
fact
the
subject
to
of the verb.
to
But
also
:
the
author
is
prefers
keep
the
true
Arabic
or
conception
action
the verb
is
a fact that
the
comes
of
is
an
that
done
by
mediation
an
agent,
whereas the CsubjectunT] indicates what
submitted.
act
Agent (J*!i) belongs to the same family as

action, just as
it
and
(Jf^)
is
derived from (J**); later on,

to
will
lend
(
itself
better
the
denomination
of
the
agent-noun
2
JeliJi l.)
*j
The term
dy*J>
has
also
been
translated
objective
first
by
complement,
whether
direct
object,
comsight
plement, or complement of object, which at
seems quite appropriate. But here too there are nuances

in
Arabic syntax that deserve to be brought out.

in English, is
The
complement,
it,
added to a thing to complete

is
whereas the supplement (*Lai)
added to a thing
rrv
tJSLt; SoL-,^11 JI jl Ujj
.p
ju
%JS>
J*
ilj;
iUoi
(Supplement of
(Agent)
J*
!>&JI
JlS JL^-
(Complement)
.
LJ
J*UI
01
i^jshJI
&
<o
Jl
iy>il'j
direct object)
JwiJI
J (Patient) Jj*iJI
^^-
CaSlJ ^^SJ
^j
JuL
y*
uJ* Jf*-^-
(Direct patient)
.
Jî*
jj-ju
0[
J**!'
^*
i/LbkJI
J-*LLJI 5-^-J dUJiS" lL-^
J-^
i^JI
jlaJlj
ii*U- iftLJl
[fM~J
o\
*j
"jiJa^J
jJUaJI 6l- 01
(Origin) jji_. j_
.
^j
U
(Original
noun) LjS" 0l tjUÛll
oJia
IxSj
(Noun of
action, infinitive)
{j&
Uj-p j* SJ^j
^! jjj
tSjJ&^l
il*u.J
Ul/^l
^"l
i-
=JI
C*-Ul
JkS}
.(MASDAR)
JS-JS"
/^>i j.Uai
Ji n>-\ll jiUaJI uL^tfl

original)
in
|yuJ
t
*>>-
jXa*
(Explicit
j~j^>
"Jx^,
m
jJUai
t
(Denuded
original)
.(Original
M)
J
â
j
(Artificial
original)
j*k*>
..
YTA
already
\*
i?*
1
complete.
Since the
relation
of reference
ill)
*-} gives with its
two components verb-agent
(J?
'-J-"*)
a complete sense, the sentence cannot
admit a further complement.
And
it
would moreover be
very heavy to speak of a supplement of direct object. If
we come back
to
the
grammarian's intent, the
agent
(Jfti) being the one who executes the action of the

verb,
it
needs only a patient
(J^wi)
to undergo that
will
action.
The term
direct patient (<j
dy**)
lend itself
too, later, to diverse kinds of patients {"^s-\JC>)
56
- The
original
noun
jJ-aJI) deserves
special attention for the

it
controversy that has arisen between
and the denuded verb

(ol,-..t).
J*?)
concerning
the
origin
of derivatives
The
is
original
noun, belonging to the family of the word origin,

than others,
that
more
indicated
such
as
noun of action or
derivation.
it
infinitive,
to
designate
source
of
Certain
is,
linguists
have though to find a solution by using, as

in
the a
word
MASDAR
place
in explicit
)
,
English.
The other
originals
will
find
natural
( a
the
nomenclature:
(jL-jj-^
denuded
,
original
artificial
jJuai)
original
j-*"
original
"jjJLa^)
i'jt^-f jJ-a
57
original in
{mf
^>
jJuai
-The form of
the
noun
( *~>*i\
*w>)
gives
rise
to
several
technical terms which are difficult to explain without adequate

transliteration
1
The noun with shortened ending (jjiaiuJI p-^l) ends
in
E(tf).
23
The noun with extended ending (jjJuUI
jU-'ill)
ends
in
The noun with
curtailed ending (^jJiijl jU-^l)
ends
in
iY(^).
45
The sound noun

other than *
( * )
(~~âJI jU-^l)
ends
in
sound
letter
The quasi-sound noun
( ?-*âJI
<ui
*^f
!
ends
in
or
preceded by
'
(_)
rr\
(A)
{j*
1^** V-^
<J\
f>-"
'j*J
j^
sU-.MIj
<ij.A">JI
SU-.MI
^j-^jj
Cx*y
>
*USll- 0>
y Jj
(Personal pronoun)
.
^-iN
^s*-~f
i>*
'"^ .Cli-^lj*JI *i*lJI
Uul LJ*
SjLiNlj
lgii*}U
L-Jb
.HdiS"
((Personal
noun)
i
(Coordinate
i*
j^LjcJI
jAju
J
JLjC-.I
fL-$l v-* !* ;
i
o
...^Jl conjunction, prepositional phrase, interjection)

- J
Linguists have, in general, avoided these troubled waters.

ietter
The
EaL/F
(-ijl)
not having a proper symbol different from

for
A,
58
it
was impossible
divided
them to express these endings. two

general
classes
variable
p
t
\
.
- Nouns
(3
(
are
into
nouns
.Mt) to
i'jSaCJh
t\-lJLri\)
and invariable nouns j
*i"
J^ J
i
From
the
noun
of
genus
are
ri>JI
less
-l)
the
allusive
noun (hJl 111), there
no
than
,
twenty
species which are, in Arabic morphology \i~>j-*)
full-fledged
nouns. The personal noun

personal pronoun;
the
(j^w)
for
will
not give place to a

(Îfi^-l)
same
(jl
the interrogatives
and the demonstratives
it).
We must
also avoid the
confusion of using terms like coordinate conjunction,

sitional phrase, interjection, etc.
prepo-
Every attempt at comparison

**)
between
different
morphologies (t-j
iight
must be avoided.
Every effort to throw
on the authentic meaning of the
Arabic denomination should be deveiopped.
Yi>
.SiiAiJi i'lîj
1^1 2^J j>ai
j^
j*iu Jut jiuî
^j^_-
-\\
^ <j^ jr"^
J*ill
UjLi>-I
^
j^j
(Intransitive)
SjL* Luai j blSJ
(Transitive)
ji-<stJ
oij
.ji*i
Ijla
jj.
j^ljjl
J*i Jti CJL I^ju^
Ja<JI Ija .jA*li_,
J*AJI
^
*
jjUJI
(Permanent)
ptM
'
J^f^4 Ji^
Ji 1 **
ts
^^** j^j ^y**
J^
1
ls^~>
fJkiu
Oli olSLt
jr*->
J-l*
j^J
<>l*
^- Ji
**
Vj"
Vj~
}j^** J** ^'

.4l*li
J^ *W J
J*ill 'j*
(Known
verb)
ÛJI
J*aJI
JLJ
lj.,_ "U
t
J_#>JI
(ignored verb) Jj$?wJI J*ill LLj
4l*U
*-~^
jj-rfj*"
u*
^y^
ol
r^
IkkJI ^*J Jjjj

lift
(Passive verb)
L^
t^jjl
JpUJI
jLJ <j^&>!
c5L-JI
OJ .o!^
ill-.
JJ
,>
JL.j
J*UJI
^"i
lJ j_^>J
~Cjyl\ oSl
iL/
^-J
>j
4JL,JI
.Ûl
.j-ÛJI
*
^.j _
^j
*
.
_
__
.^
ii
nr
6
61
- THE VERB
- The
general
jkail
frame
its
of
the
verb
carries
with
its
it
schema
representing
( *}\j>-\
.
different kinds (apIÎ)
and
different states
in
its
kinds a ciear division separates the complete
verb
(a I;
J*i)
in its
:
from
the
deficient
verb
("o**^
J*i).
The
former has
subdivisions an English homologue which has
been retained
intransitive
the transitive verb, whereas the formula of the

the
p
verb has been rejected because

(
Arabic
term
.
does not have a negative prefix
iu
The
its
permanent
verb
j"^ /
J*i
remaining
permanently
is
by
agent (Jf-li), justifies this choice. This reasoning

to
all
applied
the terms in this dictionary for which one would tend to

negatively
prefixed
use
antonyms,
such
as
known
and
4 unknown, as opposed to ignored (Jj^y'j fj^ ). declinable and indeclinable, as opposed to structured \ Jr* j Vj** )
i
if
^ _
'*
^
,
active
and
inactive, as
opposed to neutral
Jo
)
JJs>l*j J-l* ) (
etc.
62-
The known verb

its
(pw
is
thus named to indicate that

,
agent
is is
known (iUli
that
*jC)
is
while the ignored verb Jî)
(J_#^
whose agent
ignored (<dpU
JÔ).
The
use of the expression passive verb for \Oj&y> J**), favored
by many linguists,
Arabic:
is
to be rejected.
It
is
wrong to say
:JIHj
in
letter
has
been
written
.
by
So-and-so
"i)
(o^*
J3
case
in
J*
iJCj
cZpS
This
English
passive
form
designates the agent

the
who wrote
with
a
the letter,
which cannot be
agent
is
Arabic
verb
whose
ignored
63
- We must
to the
not push too far the resemblances of the Arabic verb but content ourselves instead with
re-
English verb,
cording the intent of the Arab grammarian. The verb has times
(
(j j
and moods
*-w
The times
are three in
number
past time
present time
future time
YiT
.jUJ
-
JxiJI
cXai
oS
jLiJU (Conform)
j~jcJI jlii-l
UJjIS
^1 Îjfjjl
Ûj
(Preceding) JjL.
Ûj
(Perfect) JÎS"
Û 4J Ûl
t
-
.(Pluperfect) J*S"I
<Jujaj
t
y>j aaL'^JI
oljjSlI
(_$!*
Aj-aJI ojt* jUl
I'î?
rjXj
JaaJ'
Uuj*oj- 11
3IL<iSll
SjLijJ! t-ijjp-
Jj-j
tdip-'il
iiL$i j^*-*^
^ji
UUJ
JjuJ
j^>JI
JxiJI
ojj ij*
5J!>U jl
,>JI
jl <-*jp- ojLpj
.J*U
.
^2j
^~-Jlj
uil'ill
ojLijj <ol;jj
ij*i ujj
J*ai-.I
â;
*Ulj
t-iJ'ill
tj** Ojj
- Y
.0*3 lU*Jxill
4Jlju
J^LiJ
j^^JI
1
jl
yiiyi
oj-^ Ui^
Ju
aUI JxiJI- no
*-*yj
aK;
lir" 1
^r^ j^'j
4i*>JI
JLxlJ
Yll
The moods
are three in
number
past verb
conform
verb
imperative verb.
led to the choice of the
The reasons that have

(jj-jCai)
term conform
are developed in the preface.

is
They appear stronger

not a time
since
*f
,.
the conform verb
mood (**~*) and
(i>*j)
Without wishing to make comparisons, we can note
with Interest that the verb in past time has a past perfect
(J-lif
^Li),
a preceding past
I
(j
;l
'-
>) and a
pluperfect past
(J*^
^k).
64
- The
conjugation of the verb
$*jf\
JuJ*aZ ) enters naturally

will
into the frame of its different
moods. This conjugation
be
better understood
if
we observe
the intervention of the letters

in
of augmentation (eil_>j_ji J>/jJ>-)
the radical measures
(ij\ Oljjl)
to
as well as the variations of the verb in relation
the
absent
person
(L
Jl
e), the person spoken to
(Li>U*i), or the speaking person (jiB>). The augmentation

of one to three letters in the measure of the denuded verb
( 1
/J^J\
JâII dj'j
completely changes
Its
meaning
- Measure FaRaLa + (E) becomes FaERaLa - Measure FaRaLa + (E + S + T) becomes

ES'TaF'RaLa
Such care to bring out the play of conjugation and derivation

has led the writer to adopt a precise transliteration.
65
- The
("j
> S - J
(
,
complete verb (*LJI JiiJI)

"
accompanied by
its
apparent
Li
j-j o^fi )
by
or latent personal a verbal sentence

is
noun ( j "
)
.
constitutes
itself
t&b (
*u*-
According
to the
use
which
made of
this
sentence
and the mood

situations
chosen, the verb
will
be submitted to diverse
.
of
declension (v'j*j) or structure (*Uj)
YiO
ci
-.lihÂ
iyry
J*AJI j>.T
Jp
*LJI 'j^/j
.oj-Ji
J^
- r
lib j^>j SlaJji t^Jll jBUi^JI
JLT
^J
V**\
^T
Jildl
(/
S
1
_Js-*J'
tH
jl
^*J< >* Jp
SjjUl jJUiJI Jy-i 01- IT
J*^
ts
* J*-^" -i ij
<.\J
<.J
iO J
:*c~ SjjLJI ^JUwiJI
tin
::
The past verb
is
always structured.
The conform verb can be

"with regular ending
either declined
with open ending with elided ending
or structured.
is
The imperative verb

structure
in
always structured.
ending
is
The verb's
aspects
1
its
formed under
different
on the vowel a
the vowel u
2
3
on on
-
quiescence
4
5
by elimination of
N
letter
by elimination of the defective
The declension of the verb causes

ending
1
different
changes
in
its
In regularity
["- by ending
in
by firmness of
in
N N N
In openness
[~- by ending
1
by elimination of b V Quiescence by elimination of
In elision
summarized
to
all
by elimination of the
defective letter
The equivalence
functions
are
above
shows
how
their
the
syntactic
linked
endings- of words,
transposition
into English
orientalists.
putting
of this at the disposal of linguists and
66
- Once
the rules of spelling are respected,

J
the
intervention
of
prominent personals (SjjLJ
jJlî)
in the
sound
its
(^
^0
or defective {"fc") verb affects the course of
conjugation
- The
prominent personals are
six
in
number: E, T, N,
.
NaE,
OandY(iîjil!iOiOil)
They intervene to
accomodate the verb to the conjugation:
TIY
. .
ll
CJii ^-A>
Jii
o jj -
...jl J*ij
.
w*J ij*i> Ojj -
..jl
IÛil
^x;
Jil
ojj -
^1
J*iJI
<J>
iy. J*
SjjUl jJUUJI
Jy-i y jJ>; .
J*JI
J*
JUiSlI
L*-J
âiJ UÎ
4
tijj^JI
Ûjl
0}
.sliJI
jj** _ Y
J
~fi*
:v-lj*)|l
JJL. oo*-j frjUaJI J*iJI_
"W
. .
t_~A>
'
Jjj*
> s .
<UJUu
* - -
vjjâic
-
jAj
-
- Y - T
L oljl .Jsj- -I i
jl
I*
^j- tj^s. o.ja, jj, ^jy>^ j*j
YiA
- FaRaLa: - YaF'RaLtt
etc.
he did, becomes
:
FaRaLTa:
you did
:
etc.
he
does,
becomes TaF'RaLu
you do
- EF'RaL':
etc.
Do,
becomes
EF'RaLuOE: Do
of the
(pi.)
- The
radical letters
(3X^1 (Jj^JI)
triliteral
verb
create particular situations with relation to conjugation,
with the prominent personals according to whether the verb

is
sound (w-sCtf) or defective (J^w).
It
was not
possible to treat this importante matter of the Arabic verb
without going into details of
its
transposition in English.
The positions of the
radical letters can be
summarized as
- Sound
verb
Intact
2
3
- Endowed - Endowed - Endowed -
with
HaM'Zaf
HalVTZaf
or modal or hollow
in
with HalVTZcrf in with

in
R
L
_4
Defective verb
Defective in
2
3
Defective in Defective in
R
L
or deficient
4
5
- Mixed - Mixed
separated joined
67
- The conform
(
verb
is
the
only one
which admits declension
V>>!) It has 1 :
a regular ending (fjij)
when
it
is
not submitted
(<*
to the action of the elements of openness

eiision (fjlj*-),
~*\y)
or
and when
it
escapes the situations of
structure (<l^)
2
It
has an open
( *->y*aî> )
ending when
it
is
preceded by a
letter 3
It
of opening
( >~ -a>
)
<JJ~
)
it is
has an elided
of elision
(
( {jj>w
/- ''' ~\
ending when
preceded by a
letter
/j>-
<-9j-) or a conditional article
bl)
ns
iJiJNI
(_Sj9-
y> JpUJI _
o56i;
- r
d^HJ
.j\jl\
- T
J)jp- 'y JpUJI -
.j\jl\
J>jf-
~y>
JpUJI _
^Jii;
"
Tii
'
"*T
(.
j~+J>3
Jpli
f U^-l ^y &j&uJI
^jl'
3JLJI o Ju&
-^jh^ Ijil^ ol
-*JL9-
(ffcJ*
(_Sjj?-
J*--^ **'jj
<uL*l
ijy &j?j Oy
aj?t
k-Sj-j 5S"j^
SIJLp
JÎ
Juli
t5jiill
l*j_ji
J*-*' oj
i^b
*^J'
.J2JI
ro
There exists a particular declension (v'j*

the augmented letter
characterized by
('jilj
o^)
the sign of this declension
being
defective
letter
(Sip
J>^-)
instead
of
vowel
From
it
results a different conjugation said to be of the five

it is
verbs (i~+j~ Jliil) because
applied only to five personals:
- They do - You do - They do - You do - You do
(dual)
is
YaF'RaLaENi
The agent
2
the letter
:
E
E.
(dual)
is
TaF'RaLaENi
The agent
3
the letter
:
(pi.)
is
YaF'RaLwONa
The agent
4
the letter
:
O
TaF'RaLuONa
O.
(pi.)
is
The agent
5
the letter
sing.):
(fern,
is
TaF'RaLiYNa
Y.
The agent
the letter
This particular conjugation of the conform verb has been neglected by the linguists. It
was
difficult
to
compose
schema
uniting agent (Jfli) and personal

letter
(S~-*)> vowel (~&'s~) and

iJ-is-)
\^jf)
elimination of
,
(oyN
and firmness of
( o>JI CjjJ
not to mention the bringing in of the defective

.
letters-
(&JI iJ/p-)
Neglecting the role of these latter would
deprive the transposition process of a definite advantage.
"
"
jjjIjmJI
fjj
lilij
1$^>JI*
j^^c^J
JjL- r-jJaJ 5LjJI
Olijli âxa
:li*
îUJ iyi
.**u>
JûLJtj
t<ui
J^waJI
(<L>-M
JjaJI ijikjl JjaJI to
Ijla
Jl
^1
Û^l, ^jUJI 3*Jj
.(Patient)
JûJI
jy>j
IfjNU
jlkJI Jj*iJJ (Cognate) j to JûLJU (Direct object) Ji*

*
* *
"i"
J+&
J'
_r*
o*
...jJ'
J_j*aJU
(Adverbial
accusative)
JU
(Exclusion)
l
il^-Û LLoi Jij
If
1
LU
tillj^'bl
I4J
Zy>
((Excluded)
a.
Jj
L>Lu-l
^x-^
*-jL5ii^ ((Exception)
(Other-patients) J^ftil
^ju
^jt*' **}
(Included)
iu ^Ji^j
TOY
) :
- PARTICULAR CASES
language pose problems which are
Certain nuances of the Arabic
better treated in the spirit of the criteria laid
down
in this
study than
by comparison with English grammar. Here are some examples:

71
- THE PATIENTS ( JÛJl)

cause (L~Zm), the time
They
are
nouns with open ending

,
(CjCôXa) indicating the nature (Vy)> the number (aj)

(
the
jl_ij), the
all
place
jl_iC) and
the
concomitance
verb.
( *j
,
(i-^w)
of
that undergoes the action of the
The patients
the
are five in
(
number
the direct patient J^*ii

)
,
absolute patient
.
jlk* JyJC*
the
causal
,
patient
("^ Jj**-*)
All these
the circumstantial patient (<lJ Jjiii)

(
and the
comcomitant patient
<u*
J_yui
syntactical functions will better appear linked by
common denominator which happens

components of the supplement
to be here the patient.
The
reader will appreciate more easily this coordination between the

(
JLai
of a sentence, than by
(
having recourse to such terms as direct object
4_<
J j-jui )
,
cognate (jil* Jj*Jl), adverbial accusative (<lJ \}yJC)

not to mention
first,
etc.,
)
second and third patients
jtt
J j!
iJj*a*
(<Ut5 for which another
name must be
found.
72
-THE OTHER-PATIENTS
**l (J comes to
(J^liSlI). Even in Arabic grammar,
the seperation between patients (J-jpLJii)
and other-patients
l)
is
a personal initiative of the author. This lacuna

tries to
light
when one
nouns with open ending (Cj\

openness
(

Jj
draw an organigram of
all
the
*ai). Three functions of
v-wij
which cannot be
satisfied
with the
title
of
patients, stand by themselves in search of an entity.
They
are
status (JLi-),
distinction
(j-~*j) and exclusion (*L~l-I).

it
This last term has been preferred to that of exception because

permits a better derivation, such as: excluded
(^
'^~)
and
ror
^bAJN oJlaUI
tirfcjl
oLTjJI
oJla
**JU
is!5U
^Tl
-*
..
--*
'j (Annexing,
annexed, annexation)
:<
iil
S\ji[
(Prothetic
or
prefixed,
governed or postflxed,
Subordi-
nation by prothesis)
JJJ>*)
^^
<JlS"
'it
- T
YOi
included (-*
,JZ~*)
without themselves being patients, the
three functions of openness belong to the supplements
(o%ii)
of the sentence with a view to rendering explicit the agent's
(J*li) action, isolating or circumscribing

(
its
passive element
4J^**
and excepting
it
from the dispositions applicable to
other nouns. The term (J^-lil) has been judged the most apt
for unifying these three
clarity.
components of the Arabic openness to
73
- NOUNS WITH A REDUCED ENDING

part of the supplement
(
(>\j/j>CJ\). They are
SJLii
of the sentence, to which they

creating
a
propose
new meaning while
new
attachment
(J
(
LjCj>) in that sentence, with the function of information

)
.
x~~
These nouns are kept
in a state
its
of submission
îi?-
with reference to the verb or

according
reduction
to
a
syntactical
i.e.
derivative.
This submission,
is
convention,
(
equivalent
to
(>>),
dragging the noun
*-Mt ~j>-)
towards
exactitude of expression and amelioration of language.
The noun
1
is
submitted to reduction in three different situations

placed after a letter of reduction
(
If
it
is
j>- <-*>>
This situation has given birth to a remarkable tandem,

that of the reducer and the reduced (jjJ><^\j
2
j^-N)-
If
it
is
in
position of annexation
interesting
(SiL[)
syntax.
Annexation
This
term,
presents
an
aspect
of
adopted by many linguists, lends
itself to derivations in its
use, such as: annexing (i_iLi), annexed (<u|
i3Li),
notably
noun of annexation (SiLl
*-!)
This term
is
superior to others like prothetic or
prefixed (<-il
,
&)
governed or postfixed(
prothesis
3
ol
i_iUk)
and subordination by
(5LML ~jr)
If
it
is
the follower
(^t)
of a reduced (jjj>v>) noun.
too
i;L*la;j îJI *>cu

<Jl
")lj
j>- (To
be)
~o&
Sjt
rjk; o\
.^-ljLl_ Yi
(Auxiliaries,
accessories) J-*
SijJU *i>ljL* y*J
CULf
Uib*
j**^
tjlS"
^.Ulj
(Auxiliary to be) '^j i-iJI
j^J
**
^~
U JUil
_ r
roi
74
-THE ANNULLERS
KaENa,
(^-.Ijlll).
Once we
raise the question
of
the verb to be,
simple association of ideas orients

:
one's thoughts towards such familiar expressions as

accessories... There are certainly
auxiliaries,
some points
in
common
its
with
par-
the case where the English auxiliary verb, losing

ticular
own
meaning, serves to form the composite tense of other
verbs, but the resemblance between the auxiliary to be and the

annuller
verbs.
KaENa
is
limited to the deficient
meaning of these two
The annullers (^.\'y) intervene with the primate (I'j^)

(
and the predicate
J-
to modify their pronunciation by
transposing the declension (LjI^pI) of one situation to another,
and to modify
their
meaning
J^) by transposing
the activity
from one time to another or from a probability (j'j*-) to an

obligation
(
"^y/j
are
The annullers
Letters of signification similar to the verb:
Ez'Na and her sisters
- MaE - LaE
and her
sisters
of generic negation
Defective verbs
- KaENa and - KaEDa and
her sisters
her sisters.
- Nouns
derived from these

in
same
verbs.
Without
(
equivalent
,
the
English
language,
the
annullers
jt-ljj)
working unforseen changes
in the
declensions (LjI^pI)
of the primate
rules of Arabic
0-*v) and
predicate ("Jf")
on, y confirm the
grammar and
affirm their authenticity.
YOV
~ui
lit
...ji
jijojî
ji
ij_j*iji
ji
OpUJi
o^j
>aJI
lili
IJla
.ur>.Jt
(Succession)
<JJI
j^JI
f^^gi*
0'
il-
.j>jj*UI
51JU-
4JJui*l
(Apposition)
f.H'^j
^jî
11
î JJUJS'
^1
^-Ji (Appositive) j CjJI
j-j <uJI
ây ^t
fly'
(Appositive) 01
^
.
J*r
JjSlI
JL
o5t-^l o[ -iSy*^ V^r

^11
Ul
JJUi
,_,)[
t_i*l
f^~JI
î
^ mUI UL> 1-^1
J-wj lu
<jl
ajjb CkS... tCJai_-))
US
lil
tiUJS'
li^k*
tuti
*Z~
roA
75
- THE FOLLOWERS
Cgfffi)
The
followers, in Arabic, are terms

their
which follow others to elucidate

follower and followed
meaning. Yet, although

be
in
(j^\>
(
^) must
.
agreement
in the
nature of their declension
vG*!)
they must necessarily diverge
as to the cause of this declension. For the declension of the
followed
\f\yr*)
may be caused by
the agent-function
(0*li)
,
the patient-function
(SJJ^Jwi), the primacy (t\~J*sH\)
etc.,
while there
is
only one cause for the declension

is
(vG*!)
of the
follower ("^jL"), which
succession (4_JU~iJl); the follower

,
being descriptive (c*Jl!), confirmative {"x-S'jJi)
substitutive
(cfrj), attracted
(iJ^w),
)
or narrative (l>-).
The system
of succession
adopted
in this dictionary is quite different
from the system of apposition adopted by most

there exists
tive
( Cju ;
,
linguists.
If
some resemblance between appositive and

this
descrip-
does not hold true for the other forms of

first
succession.
The
divergence resides in the fact that the
apposition can be placed before or after the noun, whereas the

follower
(_jL_;) can only come

if
Furthermore,
we say
(fj I have studied the lesson and
after the followed
'.;')
have
written it the second part of this sentence, I have written it

Is
an attracted follower (iJjiwi ~l5)

is is
Likewise
if
we say:
She
she
fallen,
she
is
fallen,
mighty Babylon, the repetition
fallen is a confirmative follower
Cy '^)
These
examples, being so evident, should close the discussion.
YO^
^ M OJu
aI'a-JI
Ob-jjijl âu
^yJI jaU <LJ}U CjJÎ ibU*
.5jScj
ULlj J_Î UIp
OJuol Jij
SjJ&MI
jipIâJI
oIjl.Jl?j
5i_j*Jt
^b
c^JjJ'
oj^
,>
'*rfj*J'
0&>
^
LS
(Participle)
JL*i-l
^ d&
î
.
t*~iil
jl
<,
4;
i^
olSL.
^s-
_J
(Adjective) Jl
xl-I
(Annexing)
:
J-i (Noun)
,y>
i_jbSJl
O^Js
^j
(Circumstantial)
Ji (Substantive)
3JLj
SLvaS
iJli-
4AJj^ ija>- Ml ^jA
Li
o^^'
I
15JI
J?
If
**,
oî-l
J
Jb
SjAllaJI
LiJI 4*ij i}\*

rf
Lfj*S J*^ it^**^"

'
"
l>wt
- -
^lill
**
;2u*l iUsr
if
dlAj _
rf
Jiiil
sUI
SjJilJI
5!!UaJI
4*ij i!5\*
'fyj*
'-^r
j^jÎaJI
.oji-l
SjAlkJI
LaJI 4*ij
i!j\*
'f^f jf~
ty>^
.*;Lj
L-j
ijaj
Yl,
8 -
CONCLUSION
for
his
The reader now has before him
judgment an essential
terminology of Arabic grammar and an overview of the reasons which
have led the author to adopt an English equivalence appropriate to the

Arabic thought. Certain technical explanations were indispensable
in
order to convey information that would clarify choices and propose

solutions. In this context, the English approach of this dictionary will
often
It
seem
original,
sometimes surprising.
was
essential to create a particular English terminology adapted
to
all
the nuances of Arabic
grammar without
forcing the reader to
refer
back to the definitions of English grammar.

all
No
words have been

licence the
invented;
of them can be found in dictionaries.
The only
author has allowed himself has been to use a participle for a noun, as
in
annexing (t_*Uw), or an adjective for a substantive,

.
such as
circumstantial (*-J>)
If
from time to time some"libanisms"have

it
colored the style and revealed the author's origins, the service of a noble cause.
Is only fair in
With the material offered by
this dictionary,
it
will
be possible to
venture into the holy domain of grammatical analysis.

1
- An example
of a verbal sentence: [jit] came the alumnus. Past verb, complete, known. Structured on the
CAME
vowel a supposed with the

possibility.
letter
by im-
ALUMNUS
Agent with regular ending, the sign of

gularity
its
reits
being
the
vowel
apparent
in
ending.
2
- Example
of a nominal sentence: The judge \jsj courageous.
THE JUDGE:
Primate with regular ending,

its
the
sign
of
regularity being the vowel u
supposed with
the letter
because of heaviness.
COURAGEOUS:
Predicate with regular ending, the sign of

its regularity
its
being the vowel u apparent in
ending.
*****
QUOD ERAT DEMONSTRANDUM.
Y-n
j\jil\j JjlJU*JI
TABLES AND
LISTS
COMPARATIVE TABLE
(in writing
<UjUto
JjJk>
the letters)
Wright
1874
Blachere Larousse
1975
1983
Dahdnh
Wright
1874
Blachere Larousse
1975 1983
Dahdnh
H
W, U
H
w, u
a, a
E
B
b
t
w, u
a
O
E
b
t
B
T
A
y,
i
y,
y, i
_t
e
j
C
J
G
Nil Nil
at
C c t
i i
Nil
Nil
T
E
H H
1
h h
h
x
H
K
D
Z
LA
La
La
haE
D D
d d
r
d
6
r
A, E
a
a"
R
Z
S
S s
R
Z
S
J j
AN
u,
an u
a"
u
u"
i
z
s s s
z
s s s
u
if
UN
i,
i
un
i
X
s
IN
Nil
in
p
T
z
d
t
d
t
D
T
Nil
Nil
z e
Repeat Repeat Repeat

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
Efl
t
I
(J
G
F
g
f
g
f
G
Y
E
E
K K
L
q
k
1
k k
1
E
'u
'i
'i
Ea
Q K
L
J
Qu
Yi
E'
M
N
Y11
m
n
m
n
M
N
COMPARATIVE TABLE
(of principal terminology)
<UjUo UjJ^>
Translation
Author's
cUxl.kjloll
2l~j"j1\
by various orientalists
conception
Subject case, indicative
Kt:i!ulMiit>
(1
inline
in
u)
S>
Noun
in
the subject case...
Noun
uiih
it'unl.ir
oinlinu
in
Direct case,
accusative
uptimes*;
il'.nJin):
subjunctive
Subjunctive verb
Indirect case,
genitive
Verb wiih open rnJint:

Ki'dui'iiun
Kiiiiiciiiui
il
ndint;
in
i)
"yr
Genitive of the noun
of
iIk
noun
i-ruliiif:i
fil'jr
Apocopate, jussive
liiion lisi.m
(Ouii/Mjent
ot
"^
.
Apocope of the verb

External vowel, manifest
the
\L-rh
$*fi
SâII
f>
<S"j^-
-\p parent
\owel
wittil
Presumptive vowel, virtual
supposed
"lonsion.
SiriK-iiire
Gemination, prolongation
Indeclinabiiity of the
Invariability
L\[L'nsinn
nf
S.U
OJut
noun
inc noun
llio
fl'MI
*lL
*iL
of the verb
Sliiimiu
1
ill
verb
jLJT
Irregular type,
Syllogistic
form
mpiiiciil
rrK'.isurc
metre
Mclliodii.:il
iiH-iisurc
Letters of formation
Particles,
fii
cis ol
construction
i" n
J
'
JJ JJ
conjunctions
J.iTitrs
of sipniiK-ntinn
.i" n
prepositions
Subjunctive particle
Particle
i-ucr
oi
ol
opuninf!
s_wfij
^J*"
>
t
of subordination
infirm
ui
of reduction
Soft letter,
Di-lciine letter
U
IS
t_iji-
Tanuln, nunation
Indicative nunation
Modulation
in
O'.f'
Modulation of reiiulumy
o
Accusative nunation
Genitive nunation
Modulation of opening Modululion

ol
rcduitioii
j^
iX^"
Y"\0
Translation
Author's
O&Jk.aaJl
2~~>j}\
conception
Inchoative, nominal subject
Primate
Predicate
ljuli
Enunciative, attribute
Verbal subject
Agent
Pro-agent
Direct patient
Jfi
Subject of the passive

Direct object, complement
Correlative and attribute
JpUC-JU
Aj
Oyuu>
,l,',l
Information and subject
*JI
,I,',IJ
Established In the perfect

inflection
Compatible of nominali/Htion
t^^\j&
Perfectly declinable
Compatible without reserve Compatible with reserve
'&'&
'j&'j*
Diptote, short inflection
jz
.'
-.
Nunation of
Inflected
inflection
Modulation or compatibility
'
noun
Variable
noun
... -i
Inflected noun,
Invariable
noun
non-conjugated
Triptote
noun
Diptote noun

Original
,7
Noun
of action, infinitive
Infinitive,
noun
original
Simple
bare
Denuded
Present participle, active
Agent-noun
Patient-noun
Similar qualil\
Past participle, passive

Adverbial adjective, epithet
Intensive forms
jjiii^lT
î
-----
-^r!
* AJL^f

Persona] noun
iipTabi!
*
*
<
Personal pronoun
Adverb, preposition
Circumstantial noun
Allusive
li>
tur
"''
Metonymy,
preriphrasis
noun
Prothetic, prefixed
Annexing
Postflxed, governed
Annexed
Reduction by annexation
'T.
Subordination by prothetics
SiU^MU
j>-
Til
Translation
Author's
conception
AumJjJI
Accomplished verb
Past
wrh
J&
^jUi
(.'lulmji
If
Ji* jii
Unaccomplished verb
Verb
in the
Conlorm vrrh
\i-rh
subject case
uiih regular
\irli
Jo ,
**
Active verb
knnun
Passive verb
tntransitive verb
[ginned \crb
PlTlllilllflH
MTh
itfrh
J*
&
Verb of existence
Simple verb, bare
Inflected verb
Difiiicni
Denuded \orh
riL-iliiK'ii
icih
l7* J*?
Invariable verb
SlruiMurvd \eih
Dclt'cmi- vi-rh
Iritnsinii.
i'M.r
Infirm verb, glide
^**
2
J*f
~Sj
Governing 2 complements
First
p.ilifnts
jjljjiii
J\
person
Spuikir
Spiikcn
lo
"Z
i_JUi^
Second person
Third person
Operative, regent
MlNCM
Arfhe
tlfintnl
j-fc
Accusative
I'jsmu- clement
Jj**"
J^JI
Apodosis of the protasis

Coordination, coupling
Answer
to tht Liindilioii
v r>
Oik*
Mtractinn
f-ullnwrr
Appositive
Jt
I
Antecedent
ollom-d
\jf*
JG-
Gerund
participle
Stums
DesciipliM
\niuilleis
Adjective, epithet
Auxiliaries
CjO
cr ^
1
Stressed energetic
N N
Ilc:i\\
of ennfirm.ii ion
(il
Light corroborative
mill
Ciiiifirinalioii
T1V
LETTERS OF CONSTRUCTION
TdE*u"
^Cifi <J/j*-
HaM'ZaTu"
BaE*"
TaE*H"
aE*u"
RaY'Nu" GaVNtt"
FaE*u"
QaEFi/"
B
T
it
G
F
-t
>J
...J
CaE*u"
J/YMii"
lili
C c c
i i
Jl's
KaEFu"
Q K
L
HaE*M"
KaE*"
H
K
t&.
...S
Li 1ST
LaEMu"
...J
DaELu"
ZaELn"
D
Z
MiYMk"
M
N
f
.o
NhONk"
HaE*"
Oy
*li
RaE*n"
ZaEYu"
SfYNtt"
R
Z
S
.....
j j
*G
H
O
E
OaEOu"
EaLiFi/"
w
u"
.
XiYNk"
SaEDu"
X
s
YaEi
tt
"
DaEDu"
D
"jjjs C&\S~j>.
.'...
VOWELS, MODULATION
AND ACCENTS
Quiescence
Tension
Extension
Liaison
i, \^' }
Vowel
u
q\
~"
*. J>
Modulated vowel u"
Ba
Vowel a
Modulated vowel a"
Rupture
Vowel
Modulated vowel
i"
SPECIAL ORTHOGRAPHY
Shortened
!w>l>
*j
ott^
-
EaL/F
E
f LaE
o
Attached
-~\
"
ui\
y.s
t\s
and
f<J
Y1A
Ou
HaM'Zaf
in
6a
the
form of
6'
Eu
HaM'Zaf
in
Ea
the
form of
Ei
E'
Ya
-
HaM'Zaf
in
Y/
jUl sjj^sj oJ^Jb
the
form of
Y
Wjj
READING OF
HaM'Zaf/
l'y^f\
JJI
At the beginning of the word
Jjl
EaYaTu"
EB'Nu"
EuK'Tu"
EaM'Ru'
E/'B'Lu"
FaE/ZaE
Si
At the middle of the word
ZJ&S\ Ji-j
,_j
XuOuONu"
CaEaRa
t
Oj>i
.j"
'0
LuO'Mu"
KaE'Su"
Zi'Y'Bu"
f}J
j^
vî
MuS'TaH'Z/Y/YNa
At the end of the word
XJ&1\ Jije>
^
}J)J
XaY'Ya"E
t*i
*U1IIjJiLi
LuO'LuOu"
SaMaE*a"
Mi/S'TaH'Z/Ya"E
QaRaEa
JZ'*u"
V
*>
Y"U
LETTERS OF SIGNIFICATION
JteS\'S-
You
(Sing.)
O
li
Is
it
Afterwards
Affirmative
Ah
Vocative
Affirmative
Jl*.
^T
Ji-I
Affirmative
In order
J&.
J!i.
lili-
Since
_ SI liil
Far be
it
Whenever
In that case
Outside of
*&
Lj
oil
lit
Many
Then
If
In the future
^
*-*
..lit
Later
j-
The
It is
Save
It
Ij*
not
,
may
be
jj*
Lest
On
About
For
In
J&
î
(_i
Except
Ml
Up
Or
to
Jl
^
I
^
ai
(sing.)
if
Isn't
it
lit
Already
As
for
lil
You
&
Ofr
Either
As
Than
Even
if
'
Never
^T
[
J
jjij
01 o'
j\
So that
Indeed
To
Or
That
is
Maybe
But
[f\
i^l
'jfl
Affirmative
However
Negative
Since
"î
Ij
Vocative
Ul
By
tj
1......
Rather
Affirmative
Ji
,Jj
Negative
^J
TV'
Confirmative
o
liJ
o
If,
contrary to fact
it
ji
Yes
Were
If
it
not
VJ
lijJ
Him
interrogative
Isn't
it
were not
Ji
$t>
li
No
Negative
If only
oM
C~J
/
Attention
Vocative
G>
j
\j
Plural
And
Vocative
From From
From
Not
the time
Ju
j*
the time
JO>
Dual
My
Oh
^
I
Plural (Fern.)
yy\
SIGNIFICATIONS OF THE LETTERS
*-*/J*M
Jb*
4
Profusion
_r^
Introduction
xj\
Wish
Premonition
Regret
..
- O
t^
*JJU(
Exclusion
Restriction
SbiiJ
J j JiI
Inauguration
Interrogation
^bil
fl*oi-i
Confirmation
Answer
Rejection
"
i"
Future
Rectification
JLii-l
eoj
XjCj
J]^
>l-*l
f
-^ i
o
Augmentation
Condition
Imperative
Stimulation
Authenticity
Selection
y'
Circumstance
Exposition
Attraction
Finality
i jj
o^^
u<*j*
oiia*
SJl*
Solicitation
&
(_Ajjaj
Similitude
Variability
Oath
Originality
4JjJUA
U-lii
X>>
Astonishment
Definition
*-*ij~
Surprise
Lamentation
Call
Causality
Interpretation
JJm
jr-^
J?*** J
*|jj
-
Negation
Interdiction
Û
Separation
Paucity
c^
JJi;
YVT
-=
SOLAR LETTERS
>
.Sl^-JJI w* jj*J I
X
s
a*
D
I
Ji
D
Z
R
Z
S
j
a*
LUNAR LETTERS
F
SjjiflJI
Jj^pJI
B
J
d
f
a
M
H
O
Y
H
K R G
c c c
t
J
tf
DEFECTIVE LETTERS
iUIl
Jj^>
O
E
rvr
LETTERS OF EXCLUSION
Far be
it
sLi^l
Except
J>
Ml
jl
Lit-
Outside of
!&-
Or
In order
Save
Q*
,^-
LETTERS OF REDUCTION
In
~Jxl\
i*/j*-
J
&
[/
J
it
Up
By
I
to
J\
*->
Like
So that
swear by
>
jj-
To
Were
not
In order
^J
Ju>
9
Far be
it
&*>
5 J
From From From
the time
Outside of
ja
the time
ja
"
Many
Save
tji
And
On
About
J*
^
pjiJI
LETTERS OF ELISION
Negative
Since
J/pCol
t
o
Whenever
Even
if
U
^
o\
No
To
J
JiuS\
LETTERS OF ATTRACTION
For But
<_*
J/pfl
j\
9
Or
Or
Rather
Afterwards
In order
Of1
"i
No
And
JJ
YVi
LETTERS OF CALL
\xf\
<Jj^>
Vocative Vocative Vocative
CI
Is
it
Li
\j
Ah
Vocative
\S
Is
T
I
Oh
That
is
LETTERS OF ANNULMENT
SIMILAR TO THE VERB
~dl
Jj^>
jkoJt 2{~
However
If only
î
Indeed
oj
its'
As
if
Maybe
J*J
SIMILAR TO LaVSa
^-IL 2*p
Negative
oM
C>
Even
if
oj
Not
No
LETTERS OF OPENING
c-Lalll <-?J^>
So that
Negative
[/"
In that case
O*
ol
jJ
That
LETTERS OF PARTIAL OPENING
"^ jiS\ rlaii\ cij^>

i
For
Or
..J
To
Afterwards
In order
And
YVO
EXCLUSIVE NOUNS
sUlL-^l *U-I
Other
Although
Other than
JU
tSy*
Not excepting
INTERROGATIVE NOUNS
When
jj>
,-
fyi-ZJll *U->I
Whence
^
t
Who Who
is
y>
he
li
What
lf\
J
li
Where
In what time
&
0'
*j
-ao
That which
What
fili
How much How
DEMONSTRATIVE NOUNS
These two (masc.)
lilili
5jli*>|l
*C-1
These
iitSjl
Those two (masc.)

This
(fern.)
tiJLlli
Those
That
This This
(fern.) (fern.) (fern.) (fern.)
(fern.)
JJJ^jl
jî
JJL>i
Sij
These two (masc.)
^
U
lilit liktt
Those two (masc.) Those

This
(fern.)
JJLo
s
Mji
These two
Ji Ji
Those two
This
(fern.)
This (masc.)
J>_
These two (masc.) These two (masc.)

Here
There
jl Jii
This one
(fern.)
^Ji
La
ijlli
ijJJlii
These two
(fern.) (fern.)
Those two
p
&j
diij
Over there
These two These two
(fern.) (fern.)
jUli
jlfli
That (masc.)
This one (masc.)
Jli
TV"\
NOUNS OF ANNEXATION
Above
At
Other
SlCs^l
*Cl
*ljl
J*
xsJ
Facing
In front of
tl
f
Jj.
t}ji
First
Jjl
a
Above
Before
What
After
.^
jli
jJJ
Face to face with

In front of
5JG
, J
Some
Between
Facing
uom
j*)
fti
AH
Both
*
*fc
service
olio
Under
Voluntarily
Cj*J
*UUj
*-**-
At your
dO
uJ^
Totally
Effort
^jJ
J^_*!i>_JL-
By the Same
With
eternal
^jJ
^Ji
Opposite
Only
Behind
~
It
_*-
May
not please
ilii ~y*j
And
so on
i^jp
Towards
Possessor of
ji
Oll~
Enough
Alone
In the rear of
(ULaU
a>-j
i\'Jj
Glory to
Other than
tjj~
The
rest
yC
<ui
Amid
Right
Jalj
2c*i
Quasi
Left
Jki
4*li
Potential
YVV
CONFIRMATIVE NOUNS
^J^ *&-'
Wholly
Totally
**-!
All
Both Both
Person
*>*Ip
Generally
Eye
,j^
CONDITIONAL NOUNS
In whatever
bJil\
*C>1
way
c^r
,
Whence
\J\
When
What
Where
Who
Whatever
That which
<y
jj!
U$i
li
Wherever
In what time
Ui>l
oy)
Wherever
Ui#-
TVA
PERSONAL NOUNS
It is
jr*-^ *C*I
t
she
UCI
[$C\
You (masc.
You
sing.)
CJl
It is I
I,
(fern, sing.)
CJl
*i!l
you
(sing.)
o lOiO
ii) i
.1
You (masc.
You
(dual)
plur.)
You You
(sing.)
(fern, plur.)
~S
Jj
<j
UiJl
You
(fern, plur.)
^1
.01
We
Us
Him, her
They (masc.) They They
(dual)
(fern.)
^J
U
I t o
t is
you (masc. you
sing.)
JJCI
lilCI
t is
(fern, sing.)
li
t is
you (masc.
plur.)
*S"CJ
Ui
ji
'yt,
t is
ybu (dual)
you
(fern, plur.)
CkC\
t is
u^Q
l3CI
He
She
t is
we
he
,.
^
(plur.)
t is
tfl
Them Them
j
I
t is
they (masc.) they (dual) they (fern.)

..
?%
** CI
(dual)
t is
My
t is
u*^l
rv^
CIRCUMSTANTIAL NOUNS
While
Sjafi
iUJ
&J/, 6tj
The duration
*UI \a\
il
Time
Left
JLi
*Ci r-C^
J*
Since
If
Morning and evening
lal
Above
At
Never
(future)
Facing
*ljl
x*
cA>*
3j*
jli
Now
Term
Yesterday
In front of
6^11
JUit
Above
Before
of ,j-*l |UI
Never (past)
Since
U
<JJ^
i jJ
Whence
Where
In what time
After
,^1
'$
OCI
~j
U
î
ji
x>
Xj>
When
For a while
When
While
From From
Here
the time the time
Under
There There
~*j
u.
i\'Jj
In the rear of
Where
Period
Cij
Moment
While
i-.j
Right
j^
YA-
'
NUMERAL NOUNS
Seventeen (masc.) Seventeen
(fern.)
i'jiJt
*Cl
j
..
One (masc.)
eîi
'*L.
jip-Ij -
t jip-I
One
(fern.)
....ojl
Eighteen (masc.) Eighteen

(fern.)
"jii SJliJ
Two
Three
dtii
d.!AJ
eîi
~Jls-
^QJ
ZLl
*}
Nineteen (masc.)
Nineteen
(fern.)
Four
Five
Six
...
5---f
--*
IjU- *~J
4****^-
^j***^-
Twenty
Thirty
Ojî*
'oj'fi
Seven
Eight
*.tf
Forty
Fifty
dyiJ
OjH>oy^,
Nine
Sixty
Ten
Eleven (masc.) Eleven
(fern.)
....
"A *
**
A .
Seventy
Eighty
Oj~
OjJliJ
JLp-I
yts> tCJ&-\
^*
Ninety
ojj
"j*-\j
Twelve (masc.) Twelve

(fern.)
....
Twenty-one (masc.) <jjjZ*~j

Twenty-one
(fern.)
0j^*
l**Jl
bj_r**j oo^-lj
-
Thirteen (masc.)
Thirteen (fern.)
....
î'3fei&
j j
-'
Twenty-two (masc.) Ojji-*j o^l

-
Fourteen (masc.)
i'J&
&yi
- -
Twenty-two
(fern.)
Ojjifj 0^*1
'jti> X/uJi
Twenty-three (masc.) ojî* j >l>y$ Twenty-three

(fern.)
Fourteen
z-
(fern.)
**
o/ji*j ~&&
3Jl
t
**
Fifteen (masc.)
Hundred
&
Fifteen (fern.)
Thousand
îJI
Sixteen (masc.)
Sixteen (fern.)
y\\
^ j
VERBAL NOUNS
Quickly
Listen
j^jmCI
O&j*.
Amen
Alas
oT
ftw
ut-i
<**
risk
Both are separated

Silence
Ouf
..
Away from me
Forward
Alas
^g*
viiJJ
At your own
Fight
oaj
iIXJp
dlitl
''J
1
Jb*
-u
Jai
Already
Go
Sufficiently
<ij
At
all
J*y
jj
r
.~.
Stop
dJjIî
*
What
glory
Cease
Good
Take
Slowly
>^
Go down
Let's go
JljJ
jfc
*ii
li
O^
*k
*i
Attention
Not
Well
to speak of
Come
He
here
C~
^^te*
is far
from
Slowly
-V
Let's go
Ci
lit j
1
1
Come Come
Attain
(/
J^**"
Oh
Ah Oh Oh
!
1$ j
^G'a
&-*iJJ
j
the witch
vt&- t
l '**-
Slowly
the traitress
Gorgeous
ALLUSIVE NOUNS
How much
Thus
l?\ "*-'
jjii5
few
(3 to 9)
US'
jiJ
In such a
way
How much
In such a
So-and-so
way
>
How much
YAY
Ja <
CONJUNCTIVE NOUNS
They who (masc. dual) They who (fem.) They who (fem.)
JjVjJl *Cl
Oi-^
He who
They who (masc.)
jl
Ji\jSS
^Sll
j^SlI
jyi\
They who (masc.)

She who
They who
(fem.)
^$1
*g\
j3\
What
He who
They who (masc.) They who (fem. dual) They who (fem. dual) They who (masc. dual)
JJI
Possessor of
This (masc.)
ji
Ij
j> JJI
OWN J3$
o\Sli\
Who
That which
THE FIVE NOUNS

Possessor of
ji
ji
iJI
*U-.*tfl
Father
Brother
Father-in-law
jjI
Mouth
j>-\
y*-
YAT
SOME NOUNS WITH OPEN ENDING

Listening
Patiently Sincerely
oCj*UJI
>y
^l
Originally
\'Jf*
15
Welcome
Also
Unfortunately
&'
Uul
\~y.
i"
Ju*
Frankly
*3\j*
\~Je
'*
Away
Unexpectedly
'**;
Astonishing
Evidently
>*
<c*^
l*-j
UL* Dl*
tjlj
}**ai
Woe
to
g.
Most
often
Truly
Laudatorily
l*i" *
"
One by one
Aside from
'Ju*-
Contrary
~
l^js*
Wholly
tt
\'j&
service
Especially
***\>-
i".
Much
At your
And
so on
*iyO^
lO
sX*a
Pulverizing
Secretly
'-r
May
it
not please
YAi
VERBS OF AFFECTIVITY
To To To
To take on To To To To To
discover
establish
yjJUUl JUil
see
ij\j.
jii j
claim
fashion
^
J^j
~JZ*
To suppose To count To know To

depart from
J
ji
'*& j^l*
i_Jb
leave
learn
&j
*&>
J**&*-
render
To deem To
consider
Assume
i->
Jl-
To
find
o>-j
To imagine To come
to
To concede
u-i j
know
iSj*
YAO
VERBS OF PRAISE
jJI)
jijijUi]
AND BLAME
To worsen
To
afflict
..
u-=i
To
acclaim
To applaud
INERT VERBS
OJwliJI
JUftl
Not Not
...
to abate to finish
s*U;i
To
afflict
..
...
C^
>fo
Jlj
\jti
\J> \j>
To applaud To worsen To To To
be prolonged be near be rare
As
long as... to last
Not... to cease
Uli
Not
...
to desist
^stJi
To acclaim
il;
Not to be
^-J
THE FIVE VERBS

They do They do
(plur.)
LiiJl JUftl
dJ^J
d%Ju
You do (masc. You do You do

(dual)
plur.)
oj&aj
o^JuJ
Cx?**'
(dual)
(fem. sing.)
TRANSITIVE VERBS
Jlj*& J\
z"sjc<\ jUiSil
OVER TWO PATIENTS

To
furnish
Vjj
To To
lodge
(j^l
*jJI
To water To
clothe
jC
nourish
give give sustenance
CS
To To
Ja*\
J jj
YA*\
TRANSITIVE VERBS
J-*&
Z% J\ 7SjmCX\ JUÎ
OVER THREE PATIENTS

To recount To inform To announce
Ci
To
give information
tjl
To show To To
notify
Js-\
advise
ul
KaEDa AND
ITS SISTERS
I^fp-lj
'&
To
initiate
V
Jit
J~s-
To
To
begin
take
flattened
\xj\
- - t x-l
To
set
about
near
To be
To be
jJ_jJU-l
To hang upon To
To
rise
jJi
To approach To oppose To
create
-
JISI
r*
ij?\
LSJl
press
to
u^T
jlS"
To be about To
start
-.<
To draw near To To
render
liiij!
moving
J*>{j>~
decrease
YAV
KaENa AND
ITS SISTERS
V'^J <&
Îj
To go away To become
To To To
revert
fall
^
JJjl
Jl>i.l
jC*
in existence
back
To remain To
return
Jk
ate
be impossible
in the
To become To
morning
w>>
- -
.*
To come
To be
in the
morning
la*
JIST
bring to light
in the
yf**\
- \
To become To To
evening
t5
'
Not to be Not
Not
...
^-J
viUJl
turn about
stay the night
v_Ji;l
to abate
to finish
...
Cj\j
...
c*
>ti Jlj
t
To be changed
*&
S)>u
j-
As
long as
...
to last
To be
To
modified
Not Not
to cease
U U
hesitate
...
to desist
**
To go back
-j
YAA
PARTICULAR INDEX
Letter
^>G> l^J**
Page
Letter
Page
A
B
C
29 37
M
N
O
P
81 85
41 49 54
59 63 65
91
95
D
E
F
Q R
S
..
102
104 108
117
125
..
..
H
I
..
68 74
75
U
V
..
..
127
K
L
w
Y
..
132
135
76
..
136
Y
Yes Yes Yes
Yes
"
?
J*l
^|
JJi.
J^.
lij
Yes
Yesterday
Yet
^1
lil
s>.
Yet
You You You You

You
(dual)
(plur. fern.) (plur. fem.)
\\
..OJ
-jjj
J
Ijj
1
(plur.
(plur.
masc.)
masc.)
You
You You You
(sing.) (sing.)
(sing, fem.) (sing,
^
j*J
j|
masc.)
^J
O^jUj
.
You do You do You do
(dual)
(sing, fem.)
(plur.
,Ci i 7
i
masc.)
o>t*A
135
w
Will not
J
'j*J
Wish
With With With With With
(Letter of...)
<Sj>
o
Jk
J
>
)
(Noun...) (Noun...)
With curtailed ending With extended ending With open ending
j0j&>
JjJl-o
*-'l
*wl
(Noun...) (Noun...)
uj./j;<
^1
(*"'
With reduced ending

With regular ending
JJj^
fj^j*
jj~oju>
(Noun...)
(*"'
With shortened ending

With elided ending
(Noun...)
^1
(Verb...)
}jj?>* J**
With open ending
(Verb...)
qjm ?'.*
1
J*i
1
With regular ending

Without Without reserve, Without reserve
(Verb...)
fj*j* J * *
V
root to have power
jj>^ *L*I J>-ol
(Compatible...)
J^l jîÛ
Woe
to
LJu
Word, words
C>U1^
leiS"
Worsen
(To...)
*<
Would
Write
that
cJ
iJS
ojl&o
<ul*-
(To...)
Written narrative
134
w
When When
to
il
i
lil
When
When When
Whence
Whenever Whenever
Whenever
to
Uli
ZJ
i
1\
jl
|j|
to
Where
'J,]
Where, wherever
*"^
t
itn*-
Whereas
o
j
to il
s
Whereupon
Wherever
t^l
]
Whether
Whether Whether
J| t
to
|'j|
Whether
Which
While
to
il
t
While While
While
4
Cjli
j jj
}
"j.
Who Who
is
he
to gather
|j Je
Wholly, root
~*^
SJUel ii*.|
Wholly
iLfeUJ
Why
not
}U
133
w
Warn
(To...)
jjt>
Thing warned about
<o
jJl>J>
Warned
Warner
Warning
jjij> J'\js-w
jiJ^J
Watch over
Water
(To.
.)
(To. . .)
Ju>
We
Weigh
(To.
.
^J
.)
J j)
Welcome!
Well!
i!
>jsl
*i
Were
it
not
Y>J
U
What What What What

a.-
I'jli
,^1
for?
glory!
^Stc
What
iu
Whatever Whatever
Uô
li
When
132
il
Vowel u" regular modulated
Okw
I
Vocative Vocative Vocative Vocative Vocative

Voluntarily
l/\
\j\
Ci
\'j
i\Hs
131
Unconfirmed verb
Variable verb
JS
j-t- Jjis
<^j*ozj>
J*s
Verbal noun
J*i *-l
<uUs
<uUjj-
Verbal sentence
Verb of
affectivity
uJi J*i
iujliu
Verb of approximation Verb of blame Verb of certitude Verb of hope Verb of initiative Verb of praise Verb of probability Verb of transfer Verb with elided ending Verb with open ending Verb with regular ending
J*i
Yi J*i
jJL Jii
jl>j Jjii
tjj* jks
tSa Jii
obi>j J*i
Ji^P" J*5
1 5 fjj? * J*
tyij^lo Jjii
fj^J* J*5
~* js*
Vowel
Apparent vowel
Convenient vowel
oâUs
aS"j>-
~CJ\â *j>-
is
-j
i'<r--
Modulated vowel
Supposed vowel
Vocalization
_
o
*jj^>
& joy
jJjk
^kj^
il)j>c*
Vocalized
Vowel a open Vowel a" open modulated Vowel Vowel

i
î
jbiwi
reduced
/"
aJ^S
o\jJ*
~*J>
reduced modulated
Vowel u regular
130
Known
verb
?y^ S**
J**^
*-^
*-*j^
Modal verb
JlL J*i
J**JI
Mood
of the verb
**r"
JjJ
Negative verb
Neutralized verb
1^
t_s_jjii
Jo

Past augmented ignored verb Past augmented
jlajl CIâJ
J.^*- -4>
f^l*< Ju
J_jf?-
,_/>>
J**
known verb
y Û J*i
{
Past denuded ignored verb
^j*^
i s
y'^ J**
>
Past denuded
Past verb
known verb
fy**
u"" J**
J.U J*i
Permanent verb
Position of the verb Position of verb and agent
jS jii
JiuLJI
ijj<
J*IaJ'j JjuiJI
&ji
J*i J**
Present verb
Quadriliteral verb
"~?\>-
f^j
jia/i

Similar to the verb
oj
liiJL Alii
Sound doubled verb

Sound
intact verb
t_i*Cai j^r*-" S**
1)C
j*~=w> J*
Sound verb
Sound verb having a
j^f-" J**
HaM'Zaf
j^H^
j^cf-" J**
J**^
*ji
i^->
Structured verb
Jo
Time of the verb

Transitive verb
Triliteral verb
J*aJ^
JO
Jo
jjci J*i
*J;~y
129
'.
"
Variable verb
Variation, morphology
i_i
-Ui J*i
if
<Jl&
<*jJ*L
j i_^
tf
Varied
Varied noun
-~
,11
Ventilated letter
li t_5
*>
Verb
Active verb
Affirmative verb
jH
L&. jii
cZ^> A*i
five
Attached to the
verbs
Sllkil JliiVl JjJu

juji
ll;
Lî
Augmented verb
Complete verb
Confirmed verb
Jî
lli
jjf ji
6jy fjCai J*i

jJUi
Conform known verb

Conform verb
Declined verb
Defective verb
Deficient verb
fjCai J*i
fjUai J*i
jIuLlI
uuj^
jlill CjI^pI
Vj*- J**
~\j>
jii
"âSU J*i "*^y*
Denuded verb
Elision of the verb
J**
jlujl ji-
Five verbs
aIoj^ Jliil
i*-* j
Future verb
JIfcL* Jii
t-^^r J**
I
Hollow verb
Ignored verb
Imperative verb
Inert verb
6j#>y> J*i
y\ J*i
xU- J*i
128
V
Variation
Complete variable
Declined and prohibited from variation Declined and varied Declined and varied noun Declined noun, prohibited from
variation
<_ijIaJI
I^jj u9 Je
t-9 j^
i_9 j~a^
^ f-^^ Vj**
<_Sjai
y^w
p-"'
i_9jl<ai
vS*-*
lJJUJ! y> fy** vS** p'
Incomplete variable
Invariable
fijf
<~*j0Z*
<*jj*az* jJ^
jîu
'-'j^'
11,1
noun
\JJ& ^1*
ijujâj
t_9 y>-
Noun
lJJUJI jy
i_9j-aJI
j?-.^-**
pl

Variability, conjugation
^ >**
<Ju_j*
'
o
- - J
Variability of the
noun
*NI
i^jLjâJ
t_9 j~ai
Variable Variable circumstantial Variable
^Jâr. <-9jI
i_9 j~ai*
noun
*-l
127
u
Useful composite Useful meaning Useful speech
V/Ja "Js "J&
t
/j*
lJju>
V/ja
a^"
126
u
J J
Ultimate plural
j*^' J&~*
Unconfirmed
& J* j^
V'c-*
-.
-*
Unconfirmed verb
=,- j j t
^5
".
j*-
J*3
Under
Understand
(To.
.
C^w
.)
Unexpectedly
Unfortunately
Uniliteral
*-*<
K*
Aj|il>l
Unless Unless Unless

Until
S|
J
]
Vp
J\
J^>
Until
Up
to
to
J\
J^m*i
Up
Up-to-nine (About)
iuu
Upon
J&
profit
jli
Upon
Us
Useful, root to
*UI JuA
125
Twenty -eight Twenty -five Twenty -four

Twenty-nine
o/j^'j ^tw
CijJ^'j "-**
Ojj^'j
jwjl
o/j^j "^
ojjj^'j
(j j",
*
Twenty-one
Jtf*fj
Twenty -seven
r-j
Twenty -six
Twenty, the twentieth
o/j^'j Cr
Ojj *VI tjjj-i*
^
Twenty -three Twenty -two
Jjj-^j tlfW
j,
-ij\ii\
ijjj^tj
jtUjI
Two Two Two hundred Two hundred thousand
tO&l
t
jUlj
oUjT
j
uiJI
I
Two thousand
-.!?
oW\
123
To
the rear
til* lj
Tomorrow
Totally
t<Xfr
ft-*-^"
Towards
Towards
Transfer (Verb
Transit
Transitive Transitive over three patients Transitive over
of...)
^J
_pj
JjjjsJ
Jii
J^
J*^
Jc*^
y^ <J\
-**^
Jja *
two patients
OrJ*** lt! J*;*

J*
Transitive verb
Transitivity
IjJju
Transport (To.
.)
JaJ
Transposed Transposed distinctive

Triliteral Triliteral (Augmented...) Triliteral (Augments of the...) Triliteral (Denuded...) Triliteral
JjAl* JjAia
^*j
j^'Stf
^j'%* Juj^
c-^' ^''î"
^'%' i>*-*
measure
^^ Ojj
^'%'
JJi
Triliteral verb
Truly
&>
(To...) (To...) (To...)
VjJit- iliU
Turn about Turn away Turn back

Twelfth
uJAil
^Jj*p
Lf^>
t^-ii ^JU
<.
Twelve Twelve
5>x ull
5^x
j*s- UjI
uj
i.
j~s- u>i
122
Those Those
s^,|
iifajt
i*ijA
(fern.) (fern.)
Those
Those two Those two Those two
^1; ^* j
L
(masc.) (masc.)
ilili
Those two
Through
tliLi
J
fjfi]
Thousand
Through
Thrust out the breast
(To...)
T^
'j'SLp
Thus
Thus
Thus
|jj
jj|
i
\\\
<.(&
Time
(To
last a long...)
jij
o& j *SJ?
jjllll î
<j& j 111
Future time
Noun
of time
Past time
Present time
Ûl î
j^\>S\
'j
-^'j
Tim e
Time of the verb
Titles
o^j i^J
- J
JLDI ,yj
(-ilî^l
of declension of structure
uUUI
Titles
sLJI uUJl
o J-*
J o
Titular
ije
jVfu qft
Jl
To
To
J*
J
121
To
Things
*C>I
Think that
Thh*d (To
(To.
.)
~î>
be. . .)
S
' *
ilX
Augmented
triliteral
^^ >.y
* '*>
** t
**
Augments of the Denuded

Third Third patient
Thirteen
Thirteenth
triliteral
triliteral
^^Jl
S
s J
JpZ
jU
t
jj^>
dJl3
kUU J^*i
oî*
*i>!>tf
t
îi îi
SJ!&
itJtf
I'jii- 4i!l5
Three
Three hundred Three hundred thousand Three thousand
Triliteral
t'Sc^SC
,
oil*
*!>}tf
-iM
^
45LiU
, -
*i(l
&5tf
^!>U
g
' * *
*
Triliteral Triliteral
measure
verb
-
o?^ ojj
^^ J*f
j "
,
Twenty-three
03jr*3 *^5U
<f
This This This This

This This
(fern.)
(fern.) (fern.) (fern.) (fern.)

(fern.)
-
^
..-
i
i*
oji
,
This (masc.) This (masc.)

This one
(fern .)
.....*.
li
13*
*U~>
.....
This one (masc.)
dJIJ
120
These two
These two
(fern.) (fern.) (fern.)

(fern.)
Jl;
iiil;
These two
These two
vj
\.'J
These two These two

These two
(fern.) (fern.)
oUUfc
/JjU
(masc.)
(masc.)
j \\
tiLli
These two
These two
(masc.)
(masc.)
-\\
liXji
These two These two

These two
(masc.)
(masc.)
oVSa
/Jift
They do They do They They They
(dual)
(plur.)
oSUii
'jAjJu
toi
(dual)
(fern.)
"
li
(masc.)
(dual fern.) (dual fern.) (dual masc.) (dual masc.)
(fern.) (fern.) (fern.)
They who They who They who They who They who
They who They who They who They who They who
jDl
.
'{{i]
oljift
.viSi!
?l'iJi
^jj
AJ]
Jj]
(masc.) (masc.) (masc.)
s^Vi
yjJi
Thing warned about

119
T
t
That
is
i\
That (masc.)
iiJi
*ilU
li
That one
(fern.)
That which
The The
fact that
is
jl
li
The one who The

rest
(fern.)
mourned
4-1*
y>al
j^>
Them
O
A
il
s
Them
Then Then Then Then Then Then Then
(masc.)
Oil
lil
6
*j
LUj
U
J
j
*<
Then
There There There
Therefore Therefore Therefore
C-
AlUi
oil
til
t
<-3
Thereupon
Thereupon
These, those These, those
*<
**>
dliijl
**Jljl
118
T
Take! Take! Take!
jl'jJ
dJUji
&
(To.
.
Take
.)
j^j
(To...)
Take a direction Take on

(To.
.
Gj
j^Jj
cjj
%'jZs.
.)
Tear away
(To...)
Ten Ten thousand

Tense
Tense
Tension
(To.
.
t^Js
*"
f-
jVi e'j
.)
^*,
'/j^
Si
5\ili
Tenth
t*\Hi
j^|
Term
Terminology
Tex*
ît'OylU^l
j^jj
Than
That
V,
j|
That
That
(fern)
M
117
Supposition
ji-*2j
Surely Surely
Surface, quantities
ji}\ju>
t
Ji.1
lit
i>L~o
\_~ g\
Surname
Surname
(To.
.)
\_\
of...)
Surprise (Letter
ob-Lu <Sj>
uiJai
A}\y> 'xSy
~ij*v
Sympathize
(To.
.)
Syntactic action
X**
"J^j
Syntax
116
s
"=;
o_
Structured word
Titles of structure
X~JJ>
XJ
sLJI L-UJI
<Ul Jumo
Subject
Submission and reduction

Substitute (To.
.
^>j
^/ii^-
.)
U Ju
Jjlk J-b
Global substitution
J^li JjJ
"\j!fr -!-^
Substitute
JjJ
ii
Substituted for
Substitution of a part for the whole Substitution of the whole for the whole
Jjui
JSJI
u**^! J-^
JSJI j* JJI J-b
Succession
Sufficiently
Sliw
Jiti
Superior genus
Superlative
Jli
**,,
,^
iuiJLo

Superlative
iiJLJI iL*l
SilUJI o'jjl
noun
HsCa 111

Support
(To. . .)
jlfli
iUsJI aLoS
llii
Support, personal of separation
j_q/
iU*
jJj
Suppose
Supposed
(To...)
J"Jja
"- s - J "-- -
Supposed personal Supposed sign
ZjjJL Aj>y&
Supposed vowel
Supposing that
SjJuw *&j>"J
115
Causal status
*~r" <J^*

Confirmative status
Constitutive status
Intentional status
JbJI ^_^-Q>
*~j
y Jli-
*JLy> Jb-
o_^sa< JU^--'^ oJjA* Jb**
Isolated status
~ K - j
**
Preliminary status
4iJj
Jb<J^*
Real status
Status
Status, quasi*- sentence
*Xa>-
Jb4lS- <ui 4L>St
JUJU-
Status, sentence
Statutory sentence
Jb- iUipjJ
Stay (To.
.)
Stay the night (To...)
ot
jA.Jas>u ^j>
JjU&i
Jp*L
Stimulation (Letter
Stop!
Strike true (To...)
of...)
Structure
u^J
^
^
Construct (To.
.)
J-^ <-*y
Permanent structure
Sign of structure
Structure of the
rj^
^
*b
^
^J~*
^
noun
%yi-
* "ill
1
J**-!
Structured Structured noun Structured verb

,._,,.
=a
,..
[j~*
LS^'
*
J*f
114
Quasi-sound Quasi-sound noun
^sîL
p-^wsJL
<u-
^L-i
_l
Sound doubled verb Sound Sound

intact verb
letter
i_ipL& r*-?*** J**
llC
*7<^-fi
J**
T^r*-*
*~*f
f-*'
Sound noun Sound verb
"?-?*-*
V^~* J*3
HaM'Zaf
j>+*
Sound verb having a
Source of the diminution Source of the relation
^r"^ J*? *)U>
<uil
Ljjlji
Speak
(To.
.)
liT
i_/^
.,
Speak pure Arabic (To...)

Speaker
J&
"1
Speech Speech
Jy
.
l^\Sf
\\ZJ~.~:~.:.:.:..:;..~.:.
Spoken to
Useful speech
-.:.:/..::.7.....v....
tJUii^T
.juii
Special (To
Especially
be. . .)
......
Â
Z*\>-
Special conjunctive
Specific sentence
U-
Oj*>y
il*
Ûa^-NI
>
Specification Specified
Ûa^-I
^pyas**
liii
.)
Spell (To...)
Spy on
Start
(To.
Jli
(To...)
moving
Lj
Status to another (To pass from one...)

Jt>
J&JI J* I*
113
Six directions Six
C- Ol$>
hundred
O *
will 4jUi*j
Six
Six
hundred thousand
thousand
Sj-Si C~
5j-ii <LoLj
t
cJ*iM ii->
i
Sixteen
Sixteenth
Sixth
Sixty, the sixtieth
j-*
<>
j-ii
.-
âLi
'
,-
;-.
<LoL t^fOLn
*s
Oji-JI iOj~*
\ .
i?
'.
"
. "
Slack letter
Slowly
Slowly
j*-j *-*^>
jUaj
j?
Slowly
&fouj
So-and-so
O^h
J^>
So that So that So that

So that
^
<J
So that So that- not

Soft letter
J&
*i
'
jJ^Jjt*
(To...)
Soften the voice
j*>j
Solar (Letter of the
group,...)
g**** <^js
Solicitation (Letter
of...)
%j*
^J*
J**>
>f
Some
Some
Sometimes
Sometimes
-
5jU
**
Crf**^
Sound
112
Silence!
^
a. ,,t~
Similitude
Letter of similitude Letter similar to
ciUalJl Xj>
4~JJ
<j*2&>
<Jij>-
LaY'Sa
U-JL
<*-! i-Sj-
J**^
"*~&
^'yi*-"'
Noun
of similar quality
H^
**~lff
Similar
Similar quality Similar to the annexing

Similar to the verb
<lii
^w?
lJLaIJL llii
J*JL) iJi
j?
,
Simple Simple proper noun

Since Since Since Since
Sincerely
m1
i'yji
lie
il
s
J
ji
JtU
lijutf
Singular
Singularity
Sisters of
Sisters of Sisters of Sisters of
i"dii
"i\'j3\
E/LaE
EiNa
^1 Olji-I
J ol>>!
I
KaEDa
ilS'
C<l^>l
KaENA
MaE
JIS'
li
oljil Ol^>l
Jl"p.l
Sisters of
Situations Situations of compatibility

SIX
luSjft] C<St>
4^1
t
111
Seventeenth Seventh
Seventy, the seventieth
Sexiliteral Sexiliteral
o^Jt SuL
<.~ji& '*jL>
iiud
i
jk
j j-Vu iJI j >*-*>>

*j|jtw
measure
"jljtw
jjj
J
Shall not
Sharp letter
"JJI
*J>>
She She
O
j_
She who
Shortened EaLfF E
Shortened E (Ending
in...)
^Jl
OjjLaA* uul
jjlaiii
Shortened ending (Noun

Shortening
with...)
jj~aAa
**!
"Jj&
Show
(To. . .)
,-.4^
&j
^3 >>
o}tft
___
Sibilant letter
Sign
>*
Apparent sign
Letters of signification
l'y>\]i X*$s-
^1^' *-*3y
i-jf^l
Sign of declension Sign of elision Sign of feminization Sign of opening Sign of reduction Sign of regularity Sign of structure
5i^
*ji- }\i
d~Ju <uÛ
L_~-aJ
}\i
'j?
Z>yi
*ij }\i
jL &}\i
a!_Î
Ol^M*
<uÛ
Supposed sign
3jJlS
110
Ul$i^J Vu>SISIjcjI
iUi-
Maximal sentence
Minimal sentence
Narrative of the sentence
*Sjf ^*V
'.>
<sj^>
- j
***>
-v
iuiJI
;=
.
X>JSî'.
Negative sentence
^jCj> <u*j>i....l
Nominal sentence
Pillar
4JU2
of the sentence
iuiJI
<a*-
Jui
j-i-
Predicate, sentence
\j^~ *^r
4il- ijt
Quasi-sentence
Sentence of
3
words
"J
Specific sentence
Ûa^-^l
iUi-
iUit
Status, sentence
Jl-
Statutory sentence
JU- iUi-

Verbal sentence
,
iUiJ! lUii
~C\*i
iUi-
Separate (To.
.)
Xai
JrA
jCa
t
*-'
^j*"
j^-^
jUi
-
Separated
*
Jâi.;*
.
Separated personal
Separation
J-^^
^>^
Jr^
*
o-
Seven
Seven hundred Seven hundred thousand
ii-w
a~*
.
Ote
ijd\
o-
iiUi
i- -
Seven thousand
Seventeen
?ji
*
f-
ij'il
*-*<
"
t
*'
109
s
Same
Sanction (To. Save
Save
.
jio
.)
I^>
*l
Iji
Second
Second patient
Secretly
JU
jl*
ijl*
Jj*Ab
I^j
t$
See
(To. . .)
of...)
Selection (Letter
ji*J
*'
~r-
-s jJ*
Self-confirmative
xy
IJsli
<iUj>.
Semicolon
Sentence
<C& iU>iL>JI
*
^
*
s-\
5

iUiJI
,
*
W
.
Jl JiLî
Vj^
^*^" ^*>*
Creative sentence
^j^
"5
!lJl JU>-
Distinctive of the sentence
<uju <uU^
-ro
,*
ji
iUkJI
y^
108
R
Restrain oneself
(To...)
of...)
*JIjjc1T
u&
<Sj>
*>\
Restriction (Letter
Retrenched noun
Return
(To...)
<Uo
uSjJ^wo
itc
jJtc
Returning Returning personal

Revert
(To.
.
JJli j-^'p
'js\
.)
Right Right of priority
j*^.
SjlJuaJI
Jp.
ill
Rise
(To...)
Root
(To reach the...)

Sl/jiJI iiJJI
J^l
J^lji
107
R
Regulator
Sign of regularity
*
j|j
*ij
-:=
a^Mp
-
f^y
Vowel
u, regular
J*3
Vowel m", regular modulated
jlw
Relate (To.
.)
Distinctive of the relation
Distinctive of the sentence, of the relation Referential relation
<CJ
7 J
t
il*->J
oLJ
aLJ
Relation
Relative Relative confirmative Relative
~J
sS
r;
cS-^l
noun
Relative to
EaB'JaD
<u! <_jj~ju
Rejection
(Letter of...)
pjj
<-$jJ"-
Remain
Remain
in existence (To...)
Ve
Ju>
j-^J"
intact (To...)
Remained behind
Remained behind
Render
(To.
.
^>ui
.)
Ji>
(To...)
Render indeterminate
Replacement
Replacer
(In...)
jJ>
tui

Resemble
(To.
.)
106
''
R
Reduction
Ending
in
~j>
j^JI $*^*
reduced
jJj*^
'_fr
Letter of reduction
^>y
, 4
if
j^JI Jiy>
t
Noun
with reduced ending
j-Lr?"
"
t
<
-*"

4 -j|r j-Lr?"
yr j*~?
jr
Reducer Reducer and reduced

Reduction Reduction of the noun
Sign of reduction
jjy^J
j^r
0***"
-MI
"a-
y
-
i--
yr
^^
Vowel
Vowel
i,
reduced
,
j~$
<j\jj~
i"
reduced modulated
Reference
lw
6
- J
iiU-l l-^
<lolli <u~j
Regret
(Letter of...)
ajJuj >-J>
9
if
,.
Regularity
*3j
f^S
*
-jo-
Ending
in regular
u
*~J\
f^j"
Jty^
<
Noun
with regular ending

regular ending
t^y
t-
Nouns with
Ol*y^
f j jr?-^
Regularity of the noun Regularity of the verb
-î *3j
J*^
105
*j
R
J
1*
-o
Radical
(Derived...) to the...)
J?*'*' J***"*
Radical (Derived attached Radical HaM'Zafu"
Jr^V
Jp1^
X"I
J**"
*>*
Raised
Rarely
letter
J*i*o <-*>>
J
J;
be. . .)
Rather
Rational (To
Irrational Irrational composite
Jac
Jf *
1
j-j*
Jf *
1
j*
^y
Jf
1
Rational
Rational composite
JJ&
*
-
V"-*
J*
Reach
(To...)
(To...)
j^
Reach the root
J^l
Real descriptive Real feminine
â>
is
C-*J
M** ^>
^P *^
Real masculine Real status

Receive
(To.
.
c^^"
!CJLi. >
Jl>
Jji
.)
Recount
(To. . .)
of...)
0^>
vG-*! ^J*"
104
Rectification (Letter
Q
Quickly
Quiet (To
be. . .)
i -*
jlij*
jw
jSîL
j!>UI

Quiescence Quiescence
Quiescent Quiescent Quiescent
ÎIS'llJI tliJI
o&~J
Oj>
0^"'-"
ii'C Ud\
ii'C.
"j\j
O
Y
Quiescent
SlS'L fC
Quinqueliteral Quinqueliteral measure
^l**" ^*"k^ Ojj
-*,
Quotation marks
Ûlil
ii^Gfc
103
Q
Quadriliteral
^f^J
Quadriliteral Âugmented...) Quadriliteral (Augments of

Quadriliteral (Denuded...) Quadriliteral
the...)
^ VJ\
|^f ^J
Jjji
Ol^jjrf
^f yj
^^^
measure
^f V J O j
Quadriliteral verb
^
the...)
^ J J*f
Quality (To represent
uA**j
^$r~*
Noun
of similar quality
JV
(*-"'
Qualification
Qualificative
<J+?j
**-?
Qualified
\->y*y
"^r^
of...)
Similar quality
^
*rr>
Quantity (Nouns
Quasi-explicit
'jisXa* *U->I
îj-^\
Quasi-sentence
***> *r?
(Predicate,...)
(Status,...)
Quasi-sentence
Quasi-sentence
*W>
4~-i
t^~>
iU^^cJls.
Quasi-sound Quasi-sound noun

Question mark
^f*^^
^rf-^V V**
^l$ii-.l
^
p*
.
&*&
102

(Declined noun and...)
o-if
f J-^
uyu
~\6
, o j
it
*-l
\SLa\
Prohibited from variation (Noun...)
iSj*e\ \a f I*i *1I

j t 'y^fi
.
Prominent personal
Pronounce
(To. . .)
Jj^J
Pronounce the
letter
(To...)
J^j
Proper noun
Proper noun of genus Proper noun
(Simple...)
(Plural of...)
JiJi
<ul<^>
J '\
Ji
f-i> <fe
*1^
"}Ju> ISi
Proper nouns
Protection
*S&Vl
***-
(Letter of...)
of...)
|U. *Sjs
iiU^jl Jjj
Protection (N
Pulverizing
fc^,
'&&
Punctuate
Point
(To. . .)
%
^j'J
'"i^s-
Punctuation mark
101
p
Not
preferred
^
T'
J*ii
(*-"'
Noun
of preference
drf^
Preference
Preferred
uzf2
*'
J-^
tfT*'
**~ s
Pregnant
- ^
Preliminary status
iibji Jl>
Premonition
Present (To
(Letter of...)
%~>
*-*>*
be...)
j^"
Present time Present verb

Press
(To...)
.
^GJI
- J -
*"
jij
jf^- J*?
<-0^
Prick (To.
.)
>**
'*?
rf
Primate
j

,?-
\js~J\
i_S ji^--o
..- ~-
Position of primate and predicate Position of the primate
jf^^J \m^J\ V-r

us*Ji *->y
*-\Xj\
Primacy
Priority
lj\xs>
ojl-iUJI Jp-
Right of priority
Pro -agent
Pro -circumstantial
Pro-patient (Absolute...)
Probability (Verb
Profit (To.
.
^Jfl*
^}>
^jJ Vj^
jii" Jj*** V"^
of...)
^^J J*?
.)
&
jr^ ^j>
u$j-all
Profusion
(Letter of...)
j* ^-o^

(Declined and...)
u^jâJI
J*
jija <-->**
100
>
Position of the agent Position of the predicate Position of the primate

Position of the verb
I
L^ LaJt
xJ
Jo
J^S\
'>- J
1]
aJJ> Xs'yt
X*^ **?r
Acloilj jkijl XJyt
jij]
t
Possessor
of,
possessors of
jj
Possessors of
Potential
0*^jl
Jjl
SJli,
Praise (Verb
of...)
-jj,
J^
j
",,.
Precede
(To.
.)
Preceding future
j,C
'
J'-
Preceding past
JjC ^li
i#
Predicate
-J
Elimination of the predicate
Isolated predicate
-"T
'JJ>S\ <J So-
"iju. Îm-
position of primate and predicate Position of the predicate

Predicate of Predicate of
Jf^'j f-^JI
<5'j*
J^S\
"q\
X3Jj
E/Na
Js-
KaEDa
KaENa
LaE
il5T *JS-
Predicate of
Predicate of
JlSf
'>
\ ',
îSili- ili SJît
Predicate of
MaE
Predicate, sentence
"-5-
î_
Predicate sentence
Ji-
Sili-
i^\S\
(To...)
^Ji-
Prefer one to another
Cg*
\~jak\ Jiil
EaF'RaL
of preference
99
Pillar
of the sentence
iUiJI OJLai
Jit*
* 5
Place
- ^ -
-j
In consideration of the place In place of In replacement

It
J^ -^'
oli-lj^
J^ ^
XJ> X.
has
its
place
&** A
A
It
has no place
J^

Replacer
J**-*-"

Broken plural
Intact feminine plural Intact masculine plural
jr~^
JC<1-Jy
^r
m>*-
J- Jf 1*
Letter of plurality
**- t-*j*SjiS" ***s
Major Minor
plural plural
**-
Other plurals
Plural (masc) Plural (fern)
cSj*-'
fj*^
a
o
ls**^ t/~^"
-'of
J,
Plural
noun of genus
nouns
p
o
'
Plural of proper
f^MI
oLi'^JI
*=?"
'
****-

Plural of the plural
^r
J J
Plurals
j**r
Ultimate plural
fj*^' ls*^
ikii
Point
Position of primate and predicate
j-r^'j
I. ..
i-jj-a
98
Perhaps Perhaps
Period
ji
Jid
CJj
*j*5l
Permanent Permanent EaL/F Permanent structure Permanent verb

Permitted (To
be...)
jJli-
<uj*^
*j*5l
uul
*lL
aj*^ Jxfl
jUj.
^sj
Ijlji-
"jz~* "j^yJ>
Person
Apparent personal
y>U
~j
j-.
#
^^ju
Connected personal
Latent personal
Obligatory latent personal
^.yrj
IjfjV
J-^
"jz~*
j^~*
%t
~0 J
Personal Personal noun Personal of consideration Personal of opening Personal of reduction

Personal of regularity Personal of separation, support Personal of the described noun
j: J> *_l
ol-J
â>
ji*i~j
j&*
' '
Xai r*J>
OjiiJl
jjC
Jul*
V.
Prominent personal
Returning personal
Separated personal
.<-.
J***" j->-^
l-
Supposed personal
jjuii
97
Pass over
(To.
.)
~'
Passive element
Passive element (Apparent...)
"
"t
'
Jj^jw
'
jAUp Jj^jw
(-SjJtf*a
if "i
Passive element
Patient
Absolute patient
(Eliminated...)
uj^jw
Jjjuto
J^*
i}yJu>
J^ dy** ^^
<d jl
Causal patient
4^-^ JyJu>
V J^*jl
"i
-*-
Concomitant patient
Direct patient
First patient
..-- ", -".4*-* 0>x
*j J 5 *
Jj*i
**
Jjl J>*i
Other-patients
Patients
J^
<_tf^
o_^jl
Patient-function
Patient-noun
Patiently
JyJu* l
ijw
Second patient
O^ dy**
Jr*^
8
*^ <J\
^J\
JjC/
'
two patients
u~J***
****
Third patient
*2Jy Jj*Ju>
Paucity
(Letter of...)
-*-
J-^ uS^> -'

- --
\r
Pause
in reading
.
ii\'yii\
^ u*Sj
jt* a
Penetrate (To.
Perfect (To.
.
.)
.)
Ji^
Perfect past
J^ ^k
>j
Perhaps Perhaps
96
J^
p
Paragraph
Parentheses
Part
ls*j*
'
Vjte
tjZJjA
.î
"*' *-*j*"
Uj*? J-^
<J^'
cr*
u^*^ ^-V
1
Pass
(to...)
-ao
Deficient past
1y^^
,y>t
J>>
Past Past augmented ignored

Past augmented
J>6^<-" -^j^
>
^w
o*^
*#
known
?y*
dj&>^>
A i_>*
Past denuded ignored
"^j?*-*
a*^ o*^
I
Past denuded
Past
known
}j^
"*j^*
mood
^,,tJ ^j,^ ^,,Ul /^j
Past time Past verb

Perfect past
Pluperfect past
Preceding past
Û Jî JÎST Û Jiif ^C JjC Û

I
Pass from one status to another

95
(To...)
Jli-
o
*
^LJ-*-***
^j*~
*-J
Noun
of origin
jXaJI
Original
j-U^
Original in
Original
t^*^ jJ-a<
j^-a* *
i
noun
Originally
^>"'
<*~l>
Ornament
Orthography of the EaLiF
Orthography of the HaM'ZaT
Orthography of the
uaJÎ itS"
3>*$JI IttS
jljJI
fttJI
&A
Lis
Orthography of the T
Orthography of the words
Other
Other-patients
C>UiJI ills
jl*
Jr*"
.
-*
-*
Other plurals Other than

Others
<j>' f>*^"
iSjf
^p-l
*i\
Otherwise
Ouf!
^1
Out of
Outside of Outside of
J*
^>
ft*
Over
J&
r>
**
Over there
dIJUi
94
o
Openness

Personal of opening
-.^l
jkiJl
, j
Sign of opening
(_âJ X$s-
Ljjta^> J*i
Vowel
a,
open
4oi
Vowel a", open modulated
obkii
g'jSs
|ju>
Oppose
(To. . .)
Opposite
Opposition (Modulation
of...)
iCIiiJI
'
Jtj
'y\
lij
or
Or
Or
Oral active element
*
j\
Js^]
J^li
6
Oral annexation
Oral confirmative Oral feminine
T.UM iil^l
" taiil
"xSy
bal
^J Lo
'J*\
Order
(To.
.)
Alphabetical order
jvlij**
iL~/p
L~j"^
"
EaB'JaD
order
ls->^>\
Ordinal numeral
* IszPj' iJ
jjuio
Origin
Artificial original
i"**^ j'^V*
Ibji jJiUi
^j=>* jjiUi
,
Augmented Denuded
original
original
Explicit original
7Hj-& J-*-**
Jjji jjJUi
93
o
Oh! Oh! Oh! the witch Oh! the
traitress
li I)
i
lj
d>> U
fl'jil$lil
t
Oh you who
UjjI
On On On On On On
behalf of
the contrary the contrary
J*
ji
jj
^
^J jJ
o"y
Once
One One One

act (Noun
of...)
tJo.l
s.(
Jo.1
i-
oJo-lj
Jo-lj
*~*\
oô
One by one
ij i I ji
One evening One morning

Only
jLo
oli
'^
T^r*
y->
(To. . .)
Open
?ci
t_-û<>
t_j_âi*
o
Ending
in
open a
- J
Letter of opening Letter of partial opening
<~~aJ
^y
o
^y <-*>
^waJI
t-*j>o.
S - J
Oo*-'
-l
-
Noun
with open ending
i~>ye^
"

Opener
r J tÛj-AU
i_~*b
92
o
~ J
O, Orthography of the
OaEOz
j\'ji\
iiUT
"',.5
Oath
Object of astonishment Object of the exhortation
Obligatory (To
Obligatorily Obligatorily latent personal
be...)
<Uo t_-V^"*
J
Ijj^-j
^-J
"jz~j> *j~J>
"<^ry'
}&*l
jii
Occupy somebody
Occupation
(To...)
Jlic-il
JkiJI JlidJl

'#
\J.
J
lil
Oh!
91
N
Noun of place
o\* ^>\
i
Noun of preference
Noun of similar Noun of the
quality
rt
J
ft>.
''''
a
*^'
(tî
7. fl
*A*0
annuller
^>UI ~J
Noun of time Noun Noun Noun Noun

Noun
Owj
uSjUl ja
f^-*8
p->l
(t*"1

7 jfijA-o ~*\
v-
ijAo*
^l
*~il
if
with open ending with reduced ending with regular ending with shortened ending
uj4L
if
"?
JJj&*
if
-*
(**"'
if
Noun Noun
fj^J"
<**"'
jj-âo
~*il
Nouns of quantity
j*sM^ *U->I
"
-
Ouj~
.
..
i-
.-

Nouns with regular ending
Nourish
(To...)
&'JJJ?^
10
>\tj&j
p*^'
Numeral
-
^^*
i_s_}Ja**
.
---
Attracted numeral
Cardinal numeral
iJ* ^-^
iJs
~
(jr^*'
Composite numeral
Distinctive of the
V^j"
number
aJ*JI j-.oJ
J j*-" J -^
it
Isolated numeral
-^
if
^ ^
Knotted numeral
$3**
if
i>xp
Numbered
Numeral noun
Ordinal numeral
jo. >J J*"

p-1
^-^
lsttL^
i-XP
Now
90
<yi
N
'
,-.
r Ji
111
r-'
i
Quasi-sound noun
Relative
r^-*& <~*
Y\
^r
'X'^
^|
noun
-
L> .ih
.
..
HI
Retrenched noun
iu Lijjiki 111
UlYi
O^S&
Jlf ^| *ll
0
if
Sound noun
Structure of the noun
^^
Structured noun
Superlative
-. ^_, cr f**^
noun
noun
i^
llj
Variability of the
Y\ LluJ^
Zi'jUZ 111 lijÎi fll
i
'"'
Variable
noun
Varied noun
Verbal noun
Noun of astonishment Noun of annexation Noun of collectivity Noun of EiNa Noun of genus Noun of instrument Noun of KaEDa Noun of KaENa
uJwJ
SiCtfl
111 111
J '\
-1^.
j|
-_^
''] 'I]
jj] ""1J
~\g
''\
jfc
( \i-i
Noun of LaE Noun of MaE Noun of manner Noun of one

act
y
u to
cJ
jL-^
VJ|
111
î (^
J '\
fj^
Noun of origin
89
j^] j^,|
N
Conjunctive noun
Declined noun
J^^,
Y\
"'\
L>\'!s.\
LTî }Ju*
p
"~\
J "\
Declined noun and prohibited from variation
1/}C> ZS\
(_iJUll
Definite
noun
%J^,
e 'jc,\
Demonstrative noun
Denuded noun
Derived noun
"}J>y>
111
"j? "']
"jC^> 111
: '--
"\
Diminutive noun
Exclusive noun Five nouns
111
XlX-
*Cl
111
Indeterminate noun
Inert
S^J
jl.1^.
noun
JLT
ill
Interrogative
noun
.I'
^-j
Invariable
noun
Sj^-> 'J* 111
Measures of nouns
sCVi Olj}l
Nominal
Nominal sentence
Nominalization
u*~
T
y
t^J %*?.
Numeral noun
Original
iJS- *J[
y\
...Jl\- fl *
noun
j_vl
Patient-noun
Personal noun Personal of the described noun
Plural
j^ Ojiu/i Û
J*
88
jl
''\
noun of genus
Proper noun
N
Not Not any
Not
at all
1*
^5
i&yfiy* j~t Oij-aAo 0j>*>
Not described indeterminate

(Intentional...)
Not excepting
Not preferred
Not., to abate
U~"
*^* jlaii
*i&'
&
Not
to be
j~~
Jlj
l
Not.- to cease
"
Not-
to desist
to finish
J^ ^
j* &
<&
Not~
Not
to
speak of
Not yet
Notify (To.
.
W
.)
(tie
"
Noun
:-
(*-*
Abstract noun
<J**
"I ('
('
Agent-noun
Allusive
Jf^
noun
p"'
Annexed noun
Annexing noun
Attached nouns
<uJ|t_9L&
^
^.i
1
OUa*
***^ 't**i'f
Augmented noun
Circumstantial noun
('
^s -^9
aL^-MI
-" T
p"
Compatible of nominalization
Concrete noun
Conditional noun
^
,
j5siu
l
"
p"
'*
"
-fj"
('
Confirmative noun
^f y
87
j*'
N
Negative
- ,
O J,
j*i
" .0
Neglected
Neutral
letter
J*ô 2y>
JJsli JJsli 1>]^>
Neutral letter
Neutralized verb
Neutralizing letter
J^*JI
^ji>j>
Jjl9
J*
ciliT' -*j*"
Never Never Never

(Future)
(Past)
a..,i.T
i
^S
c^>*
iai
*u~i
Nine Nine hundred

Nine hundred thousand Nine thousand
Nineteen
Nineteenth
Ninety, the ninetieth
3ji
*-Ji
i
oil<
f~J
\Ju\ 4jLj1j
"-' ,
(-9*511
î
Sî ajujU t^Jjt

q^ju."JI
Û
tOjJW
a*J
t
Ninety -nine
Ojjwj
AamiU
Ninth
Û
No No doubt
Non-annexing
<-~>j*
S
J>l
cLu _^
j^
SUillul
Non-linguistic composite Non-linguistic composition
6}j~oju> j-x-
o^5J
ig*^^
j^ <-*$ J* i^^ j^ ~^j'

l
ujtte j~t J-~*i

^J
Not
Not
86
N
J J
of protection
(To...)
toSky'X
Oy
Narrate
ji>
X>\&>-
Narrative Narrative of the isolated Narrative of the sentence
ijjtJI ;l>-
SJUiJI l>JJ jjLU
Written narrative
olSU*i^&...*
V"^-^
Nationality
Nature
fjj
Near
Necessity (Modulation
of...)
*ijj*
5jjjflll
Jij
Z * -
Negation
Q
^
*i(
LaE
of generic negation
^-J^JJ
S3UI
Letter of negation
^Ju
*-y
"
i
Negative Negative
article
J^
<Ju Sbl
is'.'--,'
Negative sentence Negative verb
<jCa
s
{
<u*j>-
."-
J^ J*J
Negative Negative
J
ji
85
M
Morning and evening
* r^y-fi
Morphology
cSj^
Most often
Uli
.
Mount
Mouth
(To.
.)
L-S'j
ji
dl_/>
Move
(To...)
Much
\jt^
(
My
<C
<
84
M
Minimal sentence
-J
iSj*-fi
iU>
J
Minor plural
iii ^j*.
Mix
(To.
.)
JA
Mixed composite
"^ y
"LJZ'Je
,_; Al
Mixed
defective
Mixed joined Mixed separated
djj** <JLiJ
*
Ojji*
<-ajD
Modal verb
Modulation
Modulated
JLo J*i
w ^
/yj-*
<jj^
Modulated
HaM'ZaT
i)î o jIa
s * J
o-
^j^SUJI
jj
Jty^
Modulation of compensation
^^
Sjj -^Jl
5
jSî\ jj
/-
Modulation of necessity
Modulation of opening Modulation of opposition
aJ
~
o*.
^_waJI ji_j5
JCliJI
jj^
Modulation of reduction Modulation of regularity
j>A\ j>_i
*i'J\
^yJ
Moment
-^
J*aJI
Mood
Moral
of the verb
^h/
r^
;^

Moral annexation Moral confirmative Moral feminine
J^ji*i J-l*
<Uji*i iiUtfl
lsju *xy
l$jC>
uJji
;"
-
Moreover Moreover
83
It
M
Mean
(To.
.
.)
^s.
îli
"
Measure
(To. . .)
L
Empirical measure
^-^>~"
ojj ojj
Measure
-*
Measure, quantities
<r-'
->
"
-
ji J -*
c
ojj
o
Measures of nouns
Measures of the augmented verb Measures of the superlative
sU Ml
u'jjl
^j-*-^ o\jj\
iULJI
u'jj'
Measures of verbs
Methodical measure
Quadriliteral
JUiNI o\jj\
&
lt*^ ojj
measure
t^VJ
iJJJ
Sexiliteral
Triliteral
[y^ ojj
ljL-' Ly"
measure
ojj
measure
(To.
.
U^ ojj
Jaw)
Ja!" j
Mediate
.)
Amid
Medium genus
Middle Middle of the word
,k-_^ a"**?
"i
.k-jXa
" -
'-*
iUS^JI Jt-j
Meet
(To. . .)
âi
^li'LJI *(iJI
4
Meeting of two quie scents
Mention
(To...)
'Jii
Mentioned
jjS Jui
jjS
i-j Jui <CJj
*2'
"
Mentioned included
Methodical Methodical HaM'ZaT Methodical measure
Million
JJ . .,. ^
^j*-
V" -^
1
<>>*
[fT* ^jj
uiil Liil
82
M
Made
definite by EaL'
jL
Ij'yut
li
MaE EaF'RaLaHw MaE and its sisters

Major plural
Jj]
lijfl>i.|j to
o'iif
(To...)
^>
IjJ
Jj<f
Make a beginning Make Make Many
allusion (To...)
conditions
a.-
(To...)
b'Ju
\J^
4l*iUi
SiStfr
Mark of continuity
Mark
(Question...)
*KijdJ\ Zeê.
Marks
(Quotation...)
^tjj] 4iS&
Masculinity
"^jj
"iSj^y" "J>'&
l!L
^STji li"iTjii
Masculine
Real masculine
Ly**
j^"-^
3Aoj-
Maximal sentence
i_>
Maybe Maybe
'^Y
JjJ
May
it
not please!
\Kiu>
81
- t
Letter of separation Letter of signification
J
(
,ak"
<^J>
. ,
_Jw t-9^>
Letter of similitude Letter of sollicitation Letter of stimulation Letter of surprise Letter of the Imperative Letter of the Letter of the
{J
<u-2j
t9 .S*
J ^J> - ^>
t
/LJw%i *~9j>
ot>ULo
<Sj>
ii',..
jb\ <-9^>
group (Lunar)
group
(Solar)
ij+4
^j>
*
^g^t** -*>>
."
Letter of wish
U>ij-<aJi
-9^>
,
j*i -'^>
^--L
4-ijs
-0
Letter similar to LaY'Sa Letter similar to the verb

Lift (To.
.
<m>j>
t
J*^
'S-*
-9>>
i
.)
Light
of confirmation
iijLkJI Jui jill jjj
Like Like
Linguistic composite Linguistic composition
J
jfe"
ijjtfi tjjjp
Ig*^
[$**&
iJ&'ja
>
'
j>
Listen Listen (To.

Listening
.
Ul>
.)
*li
l*il<
Lodge
(To.
.)
jSL>\
aJUjJ? uaJI
Long EaL/F
Linked exclusion
J-^
t\Li\
Lunar
(Letter of the
group,...)
ij-*9 <-*>>
80
Letter of exclusion Letter of exposition Letter of feminization Letter of finality Letter of future Letter of inauguration Letter of interdiction
tULluil <*js*
a^J*
tiJu
*
*-
-s ^>
*
<_9
*
>>
-
- .'.
<ulc t-S^>
JQl^l
fljj."...>l
O >>
t-Sji-
^j
O ji(-Sji-
Letter of interpretation
j._.jjt -S ji-
alÂ". Ml
Letter of introduction Letter of lamentation Letter of negation Letter of oath Letter of opening
Letter of originality Letter of partial opening Letter of paucity Letter of plurality Letter of premonition Letter of profusion
jlJCJl
-S^>
AjJu t-Sji-
î ^jjs*
(t
*-*j^"
\_-r'' t-Sjij j Juai t-Sji-
is*j*
>_../}'
t-S^f>
Jr^ ^^>
*^>
-S^>
i^JJ -S^>
.^r^ -s ^>
,
*i^J -s j*"
(
t^ \j-fi
t-S ji-
Letter of reduction Letter of regret

Letter of rejection Letter of restriction Letter of sanction Letter of selection
'jj> >-Jjs>-
jJlJ -Sji
.. -
f jj -s
,
^>
dlljJu-<l -S^>
-L^?"
j-?*"
^j* ^j*
79
* "
Sharp
letter
"J^
Sibilant letter
j^p ^j*
"j^j <J*j>,jJ <~j~
mi
Slack letter
Soft letter
Solar letter
Lr~*J"
-
^j*
Sound
letter
Fy***
*
~
^y
* *
Triliteral
measure
t>-^ ^JJ "'a - i
Uniliteral
<4^
Ventilated letter
jl* ui j>-
Letter of allocution Letter of answer

JJai
*J>>
t
5 'r''^' - " ^
>>
uJjtai *-$_>*
Letter of attraction Letter of augmentation
uibi tJji-
S^J
J^1
^^
-5
Letter of authenticity Letter of call Letter of causality

Letter of circumstance Letter of concomitance
^ ^j^"
l
S I Ju t-5 ji-
J?f*^
>>
>>
^y
-^>>
<*-* *-5
Letter of condition
?J** -^>>
t
-^>>
Letter of conformity Letter of construction
A* jluaa
y~
t>
*-$_>*
^^
t_5 Js-
Letter of defection
_<r.
iU
^.J** ^J*~
^J*"^"
Letter of denial Letter of distancing Letter of elision
^^
^j>
*>
f
j*- *-^>>
78
Lest
Let's go!
^1
Ui
t
11a
Letter
Active letter
Alphabetical letter
-9 j*"
J*l* "-*j^
Jy L>j
<-ijiJI
<~9 j-
Analysis of the
letter
v'j*'
Annulling
letter
*
-U -j>quadriliteral
triliteral
Augments of the Augments of the

Biliteral
c^y '-'' iji
-i
.- '
ty^JI
Ji.y'
*J\
aIp '<Jy-
Defective letter
Denuded Denuded
quadriliteral
triliteral
I^^j
V/V
"j^K "/J^
Depressed
letter
letter
JkL* Jys
EaB'JaD
^joS\ <Sy-
*UJI
^J^
li>J
J]&-
letter
Neutralizing letter
Quadriliteral
J.JJI Js-
<_slS
Uj>
Ojj
measure
^yj
J^~
tr1
^-L*- ojj
<-* j>-
Raised
letter
Sexiliteral
measure
-^-
ojj
77
L
L
(Defective in...)
aSUI
J^w
i"^
*$
L of denial
^pujJI
,
LaE of generic negation

Lack
(To...)
j~^*^
AliUJt
jA4i
.
Lament
(To.
.)
l^'jj
Lamentation
ZX>
j
-
Lamented
Letter of lamentation
yjJi^
- -
<uju t_s
,*-
Last a long time Last
(To...)
Jaj
*\'i
\j>
(To... as long as)
Latent personal Latent personal obligatorily

Later Later
Laudatorily
JZ~j> j^-J>
^.J^J jZ~* j^d-^
'^
cijli
\Xt^sfl tT-ri <u* *
;
LaVSa
(Letter similar to...)
^J>
JiUo
Lean on
Learn Leave
Left
(To.
.)
(To. . .)
A*j
dfJS
(To.
.)
Jlii
76
K
*--.
of allocution
ollaiJI JlS"
KaEDa KaEDa
Noun
of
il^ and
its sisters
Ljjljj-lj jIS
KaEDa
i^" jU-i
J 6"
il>
-
Predicate of
Sisters of
KaEDa
'1
j^-
KaEDa
Ct\y-\
KaENa KaENa
Noun
of
O^
and
its sisters
l^Jljj-lj
o
('
KaENa KaENa
KaENa
0^>
Predicate of
Sisters of
d&
O^
'Jf-
Olji-I
Kind
Knotted numeral
*y
ijA JJx
'Js-
Know
Know
(To.
.)
by experience (To...)
jf{>***
Known
Known augmented
Known conform
?past
f
ti
?y** ^.j* <y u

>*** _y-**
s
..
.-
-70
Known denuded
past
is...)
ry** \r^
(<d*li)
o^
J*
Known
verb (whose agent
/_jA*<
75
J
Join
(To...)
j>
Jitfj
>
d'
Bond of conjunction
J^y?j!JI iUo
"
Common
conjunctive
dijL~*
r'\ J
"\
Oy?y
"\
'
Conjunctive
Conjunctive noun
Join (To...)
oyy oyy
*
*.
o-
-<>
*-**
d'j djj"> <Juaj
Mixed joined defective
JuMaL numeration
J*^l -C>
74
Isolated (Narrative of Isolated numeral Isolated predicate
the...)
}'JLJ\ il&>
"i'Ju> J
ji
"*Jlb
Vj^
Isolated status
It It It
ViJu Jl>
4&vi
ij ij
ti
has
Its
place
has no action
has no place
Jî ^
J^
*$
It is
he
qZ\
It is I
It is
Û|
not
not
CiSJ H
,^
It is
It is
she
they they
(dual)
(fern)
lit
&
-
It is
It is
,s
l
liiljj
îU|
li Z
I
It is It is
It is
they (masc)
we
you you you you you
(dual)
(plur. fem.) (plur.
UU
"s
Ukt\
J^fy
lifljil
It is It is
It is
masc.)
(sing, fem.)
(sing,
^Z\
|U|
It is It
masc.)
may be
^\'J&*{\
Ji
jj> ifeti
Its
73
I
Interpreted, root to
befall
Jl 4i^l
Sjja
Interpreted as if Interpreted as if
it it
were derived were explicit
JTôJU ^JJ-*
*
, - j
jwjIaIL iJjja
djj* jJuas
}li<ii*il
Interrogation
Interrogative Interrogative
t^J^-"!
f^*1-!
Ji
noun
flî^-l
i^lî^-l 5JUi/1$ai-I
uiji-
Into
J
(Letter of...)
jIJujI <-^Js-
Introduction
Invariable
iulXjl 3JU>
.,
'^-*
.^

Irrational Irrational
Is it? Is it not? Is
it
'^-
a
.^
t_3jJ?
noun
,'^**
.,
.^ ^1
LjSli
^lt
composite
Jili
^c
c~S^
I
*i\ lil
not?
Isn't it?
Isn't it?
-=
Si
lil
t
it
,j
Isolated, root to be alone
Vji &~#\ i'yut

i'jAa
Isolated Isolated called Isolated (Distinctive of Isolated genus

the...)
iji'* t,sLo
^jrto
1 !
jo :
Jm
72
- j
**
Indeterminate Indeterminate noun
Indetermination
Intentional described indeterminate Intentional indeterminate
*JizL*
oj&
o]^J
I'^J -_l
"j^*'
*&y*y* a^.<aa< o^xj

i'ijâl*
fj
*&y*y j*
sy<2ju> o^Ssj
j^~^ uiJ^
aiyasm jS- jSo
ilî
tr e
Indication
Inert
noun
Jlo> **)
**<*
Inert verb
Jus
l> J*i
Inferior genus
JiL
[p^
Inform
(To...)
Information
Initiate (To.
.
.)
cj*
fj^l ^*i
/j>
~JL>
Verb of
initiative
Instead of
Intact (To remain...)
pC iJy
llC ^5 Ju
Ilk
*-
^li-
Sound
intact verb
.
^^
J*i
Juai
Intend (To.
.)
Intentional described indeterminate Intentional indeterminate

&y^y>
ojj.<aa< ojSJ
o_âi o^J
*iy*y> Jj- o_âj o]^J

o
Intentional status
j_âli
J-
Z~ijaj>
jj- I'^j
71
I I
In that case In the future In the future In the future In the morning In the presence of In the presence of In the rear of In view of In what time? In whatever In which
Inactive
Ij
^
i~9j*
lii
\js*-e
OJJ
i JJ
*ljj
J
Cit\
way
U.aj^
,-i
Jale j~
"
Inauguration
(Letter of...)
*
l
y-l jj. .. n
c^f>
iiwl
S
Inclination, root to incline
J^ *^'
Included
Aio ^JSJ***
Incompatible
J^^ j^
(J**) \ ^ j^- U*ij*t
Incomplete conjugation Incomplete variability Incomplete variable

Incorporation, root to penetrate
au j- tA;j-^
*u
j-s- c5j~al*
*i-^l
**
aUjI
,-k
Incumbent upon
Indeed Indeed Indeed Indeed Indeed
Indeterminate (To
render...)
Ji*-
j~>
JL
J
ji
70
--
Imperative
mood
ja^\
w
J*i
".\
Imperative verb
j^l
y>\ <-Jj>-
Implicit
a*
Impossibility (By
. .
.)
j An.il
*Ss>dJ
Itm)
Improvised
In
In
In
J*
ji
tf
In
In case In charge
*'~f-
j|
(J
V,
In
company of
In comparison
i
of, root to
In consideration
watch over
^j
<u-l
oli fâ
In consideration of the place In consideration of the pronunciation
J-iToJl elf'I ~J<s

lafll'l
elil"**
llil
In front of In front of
In
IQjj
"
fl
(Original...)
jjuai
j-^,
"^|
In order In order not to

In place
J^ ^
/Jt
"_
In place of
In replacement
Wn
Jui
In such a In such a
way way
,.
cJi
c'<
In that case
ji
69
I
i I
131
O
swear
by.~
<-*
swear by~.
C>
swear
by.~
J
I'il
If If If
If,
6l
d\
contrary to fact
it
ji
tojJ
't\
If
were not
If not
If only
cJ
.
Ignore (To.
.)
J$>
J^fr^
jl***
Conform ignored
Ignored
is...)
^j&y*
(*l*li)
dj&y
0* o*
J*
6**,
Past augmented ignored verb Past denuded ignored verb
Jj*^
uj&y
îj*
\r>
J*?
Imagine
(To.
.)
Jl>
j*'
Imperative
68
H
However However
However
&|
-<J
"-xj
4JL0 tSlo
However
Hundred
Hundred thousand
Hurry up!
^1 4JL0
Jlj
67
H
He
is far
from
O^r*
J'
He who He who
Heavy
(To be...)
t^
J*f^
* L jL*J -i^^l
I
J#
o_jJ
Heavy
of confirmation
Help
Help
(To. . .)
&'j*
4JU1-.I
*J
Helped
Helping
it>U^~
i>lAi~*
Hence Hence
Here Here Here
is is
oil
lil
&
-"
&
(To...)
Hesitate
jk*
Hey!
o
5 t
1
Hey!
tf
Him
His
"->>>l
Hollow verb
J*?
k-
Hope
(To. . .)
How How
c-^"
&
t^
"*Y<-
How much How much How much How much

66
iji^
(*
"
H
Ha!
(i
HaM'Zafa"
Augmented HaM'Zafa"
Converted
Empirical
S
gv^
jjlj
Jjli
HaM'Zaf a" HaM'Zaf u"

of conciliation of
%> 5jli
'ts-K^. "o'yjt
HaM'ZaTa HaM'Zafa
HaM'ZaTa
jlj
di
INDEED
Jl Sjli
of liaison of rupture
X^J
J*-*
HaM'ZaTa
Methodical
kS s"ui
iL.CS Sjl*
HaM'Zafa"
Modulated HaM'Zafa"
Radical
SÛ
Sjl*
HaM'Zafa"
(To...)
"tj\ tyjt
Hang upon
Harang
Hard
jJi
u-Ja*.
'jjjJii
(To...)
letter
(To...)
*J>js-
Have a defect Have power
Ji
'-g^
(To. . .) root to prick

verb...)
Having a HaM'Zaf,
>i
itUl jjiô
Having a HaM'Zaf (Sound
j>* P^*"* J**

'.......
He
65
'J,
Go back
Good!
(To.
.)
i>j
JljJ
s>
Go down!
Gorgeous
ej
Grammar
(Rules of Arabic.)
ZjJ1\ &JJI Jtclî

1$
Js-6 L \'Jz
Group
(To. . .)
Jii.
Guttural letter
ji> *Sy
64
y
'
G
Generally
Sili
Genus
Genus
(To be of the same...)
Inferior
genus
JiC
sju
.-
**
Isolated genus
LaE
of generic negation
o~*^ V^'
"^
-
* , -j
Medium genus
Ji^j^
u***^
Noun
Plural
of genus
o***^ (
noun of genus
ls**^ u***^ f"

Superior genus
7~
ft-1
-"*
(.y-^
Jl* ^-i*^Jaitl
Give
(To.
.)
Give a form
(To...)
fC^
.
Give information Give sustenance
(To.
.)
^->l
Jjjj
(To...)
Global confirmative Global substitution

Glory to
dj*~> ^~?
J*lt
Jji
ol*i
All
>
Go
Go away
(To.
.
.)
il j
63
Frankly
Fraternize (To.
.
4>f^
.)
Vi-I
Friends
* li
Jus
From From
ji
j*
a
.j
From
From
the time
the time
(Agent-...)
(Patient-. . .)
.
**
Function
*~^
<Uj*4a
ij
*H
Function
Furnish
(To.
.)
Furthermore Furthermore
Future
J-
Cmdj
yi ..
Denuded
future
ij?-
J-a*>>
Future time
Future verb
Letter of future
JJ^~JI jyj
J-i^~ J*3
,,,
^J*"
>.. .
Preceding future
' c^l- j.a
62
Fold in two
(To...)
J$
Jf
Follow
Followed
Follower
Followers
\yf*
jl;
%\'jj
For For
^
Js.
F r
For
,
J*
^j
eji
For a while For the sake of

Forbid Forbid
(To.
.
^3
iio
.)
(To...)
~J$
-'".o."
Foreign
letter,
*liil <-*>>
dotted
ljii>
*?--
Form Form of the noun

Forward! Fourth (To
be.
.
i-Vi
ii
ililil
.)
ii
Forty, the fortieth
Oj*Jj^l 'Ojiujl
4*jjI
t
Four
Four hundred Four hundred thousand Four thousand
Fourteen
Fourteenth
jj
olIU Ijj
i_a1I
.
aJUjuj'
'...i
t_s *l <ojj'
Sîi
V,j\
'jts.
%j
IJa. hu\j
jts. <Jj
Fourth
Twenty-four
olj iûlj
Oj^f-j
61
f>j\
B- *
d~iU
Z*yi-
Fight!
Figurative, root to be permitted
_}liI
JUJ
aJU i^jG*i
Figurative feminine Figurative masculine

Filiation
"ij^>
CSya
cjts*^ ^"jJo
j
of...)
Finality (Letter
ili
<Sj>
ji.)
Find
(To.
.)
Finish (Not
to...)
'~
to
Firm (To
be. . .)
c
C~Zj*
Affirmative
Affirmative sentence Affirmative verb
kL> Slli-
Cî
^ jj
jli
yi
Firmness of
oj^\ CjjJ
jT ill^l j/\
First, root to befall
F^st
First patient
JjKjjl
Jji Jjjuii
.)
Fifth (To be.

Fifteen
'"
Fifteenth
Fifth
Fifty, the fiftieth
Sîi JL.U-
îi ^>Ut
31*. U-
Û"
ojLU>J\ idjL!<J-
Five Five hundred Five hundred thousand Five nouns Five thousand Five verbs
u>
:..<Jd\
OlL
3JLUU2L.I
Z~*J-
t3NI 3l*i<u*i- JUil
60
F
F
(Defective in...)
sQji JJui
*'j*JI
F of sanction
Face
to face with
'^
<UCi
|jl
Facing Facing
Facultatively
Fall
e*J
'j'-P"
.
back
it
(To.
.)
Jjjl
Far be
lit*
(To...)
Fashion
Father
y\
jî.
Father-in-law
Fault
Feminization
-
u~JU
Sj,
Feminine
Figurative feminine
J y>
lSJ^
<t^>y
jUC dJJ^ wr
>ijb
-*
<J) }>*
Moral feminine
Oral feminine
iSy**
^y
^-Jj-
^"J
ts*^**"
Real feminine
^J^
59
Eliminated included
i^jJou o>
*.!'.>
*"-o s
Emptied exclusion
Excluded
Exclusive noun
fjkj>
ibZi*
s
^jZâ
r
o>
(
Included
Letter of exclusion
_J
UXw
jUii-l i-9j>-
Linked exclusion
J~ai<
UiiJ
Mentioned included
j .u
o>
ji~j>
(
<*ry jf-
Slii^-I
Exhort
(To...)
i^ji
ll^*l
Exhortation
Exhorted
Exhorting
<o
ijv>
ju>
ijv>
Explain clearly (To.

Explicit Explicit original
.)
~TJ*
oQ
i_ik*
T^Lr"'
T^Lr*" jJ^^*
Interpreted as
if it
were
explicit
^JâiL.^jjA
Quasi-explicit
jt~^
^j"
^rr"
p_r^ ^
Expose
Extend
Ending
(To...)
o*~j*
*Juo
(To.
in
.)
......
extended
ijJw-
Extended
Extended
Extension
EaL/F E
letter
eijx**
^Ji\
-u t-9j-
lu
ijJti *l
Noun
58
Enough Enough
Entirely
jjj
iUU
-J
Especially
Establish (To.
.
J^
.)
'j^J-
|jjj
Euphony
Called euphonic
^ ^
"l"
-
- : f^rV
*
Euphonic
Euphony of
the called
^'jtuJI li-^;
.-
Even Even
if
cT*"
Every time
Evidently
^
ii
AjJOI
S1UI
^Jg
E* e
Except Except Except Except
Excepting (Not.
.
m|
s
^
|ji
.)
^y
j\^]
Exchange
(To...)
Exclamation mark
Exclusion
%^
A
\-
&J jfj
Certified exclusion
"
.. .1 V^-^ 2l'-U
Complete exclusion
Detached exclusion
* iljU
"A^
57
Elimination of the primate Elimination of the verb
laZlll tiii-
jlilTliii-
Empirical
Is?**"
Empirical HaM'Zaf
Sl^lili <jj*i
Empirical measure
/e^k-" "djj
Emptied exclusion
Aâi
|' * -
LL
,.'j
End
Curtailed ending
^-],
Ir^j^
ii>^
~J&S\ [j'Jo
Elided ending
End of
Ending
the
in in in
word
extended
:>>ui
Ending Ending
Ending
open a
reduced
i
ZjLs^
"jjj>^
in regular in
"f^f
Ending
shortened
jjtaSi
Noun Noun
Noun

1/>j^"
r^-
"i/xJ> 11'
with open ending with reduced ending with regular ending with shortened ending
L>jiUô
"j/J>^>
11
*!'
Noun
Noun Noun
\j>j*
r~
jjlaai
11
Verb with elided ending Verb with open ending Verb with regular ending
'^y^'Xî
L>jia^ jii
\f
j[,
J**
Endowed with EaL'

Englobe
(To.
.
JjX>
J^*,
.)
Global confirmative
JjLs. JuT^J
Lli,
Global substitution
JjJ
56
Eighteen
Eighteenth
Eighth
o'jZJt
ÛS
ijZs-
&&
tjÛ
-
e^-ii AloU t^-ii jtti
iloU
J
S * -
Eighty, the eightieth
OjjU-UI tOjJUJ
l$jif^>i}
*i\
E/LaE and
Ei'Na
its sisters
and
its sisters
l^Jljilj jl
a
I
Either Either
&|
e^-ii ^Jc.1 o~J*
<.'jZe. 's\
Eleven
Eleventh
Elide
(To..., to clip)
ol>
~, *'r-
<ît>
fjV
'
* - *
Article of elision
#j?- otal
Elided
Eliding
..
.
fjyy
*
,
*jli"-
Elision Elision of the verb
j^-
J*iJI ji ji- t-jji-
Letter of elision
Sign of elision
ji-
&}&
J**
Jj^
Eliminate (To.
.)
(J Jc.
<J'S>^\j j!>UI
Defection by elimination
Eliminated active element Eliminated included Eliminated passive element

Elimination of
OjJt^
i_$jJt^
J^l*
<o ^jiz~*
<_>jjt^ J_j*jw
ojS\
i_JJt#-
XUJI t-jji- uiJi<w
Elimination of the direct patient Elimination of the predicate
JjiiiJI t_ijijl>JI
i_i
Ji-
55
E, E, E, E, E,
EaLiF (Orthography
extended EaLiF
long EaLiF
of the...)
JNS
i-
* J~ *
*>\
-
'j>
.',!
Oij.Ua uul
*Jb>fe iJJI
permanent EaLiF
quiescent EaLiF
;-
*j*if <J&}
<
i^Li
j
i_iJI
E, shortened
EaLiF
V Ojj-aA* udl i<

- .,{
*
-.?-...
EaB'JaD
letter
S?^'
^^
f
EaB'JaD order
EaF'RaLw of astonishment
EaF'RaLw of preference
EaF'R/L'
gî
'
V*?!
cJstXJl J*sl
J-.-fl&"JI J*^' =j
.
B iHi
with...)
'
4*
'"
EaL' (Endowed EaL' (Deprived EaL' (Made
M Jw Ojj&*
J
J**
of...)
J>
ii
= -
J? ij***
definite by...)
u\
f'. s
--
<*2j*a
o\JJt
Early in the morning

Effort
^*-
Eh!
**
&
* ~ -
Eight Eight hundred Eight hundred thousand Eight thousand
<GUj iJUj
p&s Ûj'
till
<uUm>j
v^*XI SJCu*
54
D
Double
Doubled
(To. . .)
-jfcj,
lii-Ui
lii-Uii ?~w> "S**
Sound doubled verb
Draw
(To...) (To...)
V^,
Draw near
Duration
^y
t \^\
(The...)
During During During
^
K.
i
Dual
Dua
J uUhl
in
Duality, root to fold
two
J3
'&J\
tj
53
D
Descriptive
Intentional, not decribed, indeterminate
<~*j "^^r
*yj>y> jf- t>syeju> nj^>
t&y^y ayajw
C^y^>\
" ~ tT *
OjSo
j~~p
v
Real descriptive
Is*cf^
-*~
to
Desist (Not
to...)
aJaiiia
ij*
Detached exclusion
Diminution
Diminutive
uilwl
jr**^
_f*A*
tt
^ -
jf
no'*
Diminutive noun
j**^
Aj
Direct patient
JjÂo
iJi
Dislocation
Discover
Distant
(To.
.)
^1
tt
-^*;
.
Distinguish (To.
.)
o
j^>
5 * J

Distinctive Distinctive of the isolated, concrete Distinctive of the
t''>
t
j^*^' J?**
J^*J
i_^*Ji J^-<
-.--"-*
"o -
number
--"
i.oJI
A
J^*j
'
'
-
Distinctive of the sentence, relation
oi j_*~
tl
j^ xz*J
j o^
.> .
J>a^ J^^J
j*~5
Divide (To.
.)
Do
(To.
.)
J*S
c Jl> io^tit
JsÂlo t**t*o
t-9
Dots of suspension
Dotted
(Foreign letter,...)
52
D
Denuded
tt
- J
Denuded
future
jî
Jj**^
" i
Jr^li
iy>^*
Denuded ignored past Denuded known past Denuded noun
"Jâ
* _ji*i "s~jy>
^li
i*-"'
'^yy'
Denuded
original
^jy j'x^*
-*
**
Denuded
Denuded
quadriliteral
triliteral
^^j "*J**
j^'Stf
"ij>^
Denial (L Denial
of...)
ij^jl iS
ipfc>
i-J\*-
(Letter of...)
Deny
Deny
(To...)
j^
J
tsj&l
1
(To.
.)
Depart from
(To.
.
}fy~-'
.)
jili
Depressed
letter
H"
J\
(-?>*
VjiJ>
Deprived of EaL'
Derivation
Derived Derived attached to the radical Derived descriptive Derived indeterminate Derived noun Derived radical
Descriptive interpreted as
Interpreted as
if it if it
-j>
Jldiil
"j,.
Jr^^^ jkJu
j^-lii
J;fi-*
C^J
o^SJ
*jcj>
-.;- -
j7,- *i
Jr^' J*
were derived
jllilJl Jjji
cJu
were derived
JrJLjL Jjj*
Describe
(To. . .)
Causal descriptive
Described
Ojii
51
D
Defect
Defection Defection by conversion Defection by elimination Defection by quiescence
%
<-)^*j
v'^ J^*j
t_3Ai>JL
J}Uj
a~~~î J}U|
oj*^ <J^*1
1
Defection of
Defective
HaM'ZaT
cP^
J
1
Defective in L, deficient Defective in R, hollow Defective letter
Defective verb
Deficient Deficient past Deficient verb
^
'
'
^ cP^
1
o** ^
1* f^' lP
'-j^
OJ* 11
lP1*
-* j-
^f
cP^
J*
1'
u**
u^f ^
cfo
J*?
o^>
*kJI
^j^ <-^
-^
".
Mixed
defective
- 1-
"
.T
Mixed joined
defective defective
Ojj"> ^juaj
--.'.-
- .'.-.
Mixed separated
Definition
Definite
^jy^ ^rr
^.j*>
^j**
t'
?
1
Definite
noun
**>**
p-
i-Ô*"
^ j^
Made
Delay
definite
by EaL'
J^
^y
>>'
j-l
(To. . .)
SjUil
Demonstrative noun
Denude
(TO.
.)
>J>
^jpy
Denudation
50
D
Dash
Declare openly
(To...)
&>
\J^ Lfif
f^'j*' "l**
Declension
Declension of the noun Declension of the verb
Declined Declined and prohibited from variation Declined and varied Declined and varied noun
Declined noun Declined noun, prohibited from variation
-l'^l'L<l>l
CjS\ L,\'l\
-
UjM
-"-*
sJ'Jtfi
^ Jyui Lî
s
*
iSj*/t\
y ju
;
#
lij^Ji L/î 111

rf
/v*
,o^
,o;
j
o
o,
tt
*jU* uj*.
-_l
Declined verb Declined word

Sign of declension
^^J j^
\'^ \jS
^\'1\ %.'%.
vt*>> V&*
.- -
Decrease
(To. . .)
Deem
(To...)
a...)
Defect (To have
j^
s
49
Converted
1^ê
Converted
HaM'ZaT
ajâ Sjli
i_JlHJL
J^l
i^Jai
jus
Jw
Count
Create
(To.
.)
(To...)
SlSLLil
fcj'
Creative sentence
iU*>
Curtailed ending (Noun
with...)
.rjrt>
.^
ijjj
Cut
(To...)
47
Connected
Connected personal
Connection
J-*
J-^
3
j^-^>
J?Cj
Jajlj
Connector
Consider
(To.
.)
L-~>
of...)
Consideration (Personal
Constitutive status
jfc> j?-*-^
<L-jJ^ Jl*.
Construct
(To...)
^
u^jl* '^;
\j~*
<-Jy
Permanent structure
Sign of structure
Structure Structure of the
"pji bj
J
-
gL> *> lL
noun
-^1 tL.
J-*-^'
*^
^-
Structured Structured noun Structured verb Structured word

Titles of structure
^-
^1
j^~ J*i
4~^
'CJS'
tbJI
tear
LjLHJI-
Contestation, root to
away
\y
:
*b>\ f jUJ
<us jLlo
Contested
Context
Contrarily
iijji
liî....
Convenient vowel
Conventional terms
iLi J&j>
obt.IJg.uao
Convert
(To.
.)
Lii
u-JS
Conversion
46
Confirmative Confirmative noun

Confirmative status
xS y
'
xSy
5 'sy\
'*L~\
J-
Confirmed
"jy\
jjf ji
Confirmed verb
Global confirmative
Jî
J_jl^
iLaiJI
'xSy
Heavy
N N
of confirmation
xS j\ oy xS y ^y
xSyi\
Light
of confirmation
4Jui6*i\
oy
Moral confirmative
Oral confirmative
Self-confirmative
ly**
fjiiJ
5llj
t^s-
"^y
xSy
xSy xSy xSy

lii
Unconfirmed verb
<ti
*\~J>
J
jjTji
.)
js
Conform
Conform
(To be.
Vj-0
e.
JCa
Conform ignored Conform known

Conform mood Conform verb
Jj4^
fj^***
'ty** '?&**
s-jUaUl tiuâ
\ &** S**
- ' J
4PjLk
.
*-9 y>-
Conjugation (Complete.
Conjugation
.)
J
jU
<JbJ*aJ
\Jl>_J*oj
(Incomplete...)
it Jjt
J*aM u^lai
dj!*fijj\ "iLp
Conjunction (Bond
Conjunctive noun
of...)
Jj^ji
join
11/i
Conjunctive, root to
J^'j JlUl
J Lfiy\
45
y}
<-y
"LS'y
Jil*
*Jj-
Ji-
Composite speech
Irrational composite
">>y&
"LS'y
"<-~y
ls^
Mixed composite
^ J* [s^ J^ ^0>
Olli^JI
JSIp
e.
1<!U-
{J^j l -
Rational composite
îCl
"jJu>
"LS'y "LS'y
Useful composite
Concede
(To...)
Lij
Jt>JI Lo-Ctf

Concerning
Conciliation (HaM'Zaf
of...)
i
ij^Lj ojii
'
J
.
Concomitance
(Letter of...)
SIjm
aju>
*
-
^J>
Jjjuio
j
Concomitant patient
Concrete
(Distinctive of the isolated,...)
**
- -
JjU" Jju
CIJ
t
JjAjl }~*j
Concrete noun
Concrete noun
Conditions (To make.
.
Cli
o_
-il
j
j~
.)
*~j\
b'J*>

Condition
Conditional article
J?jiJ! <>lji-
Jî
JjJi otal JjJi ,t
Conditional noun Conditional sentence

Letter of condition
^"j^ ^-^
Jj^
ti^
JiT
Confirm
(To.
.)
44
Comma Common Common
iL^li
conjunctive
ii j*it-
l
Jj-^ji
..
,
expressions
ii
^(jjjj
Compatibility
Compatibility
Slôl
,>*;
Compatible Compatible of nominalization Compatible with reserve Compatible without reserve

Incompatible
51*1^1
I
/3^
^J j*^
*^s-
^>\
JZjâ
j\
0^^
j-*
i$^*
l
jS^sf\ j+yj
<J&S\ oSli-
Compensation,
root to exchange
^l*
-du^l
jAtyu
uij^>
lj
Compensation
Complete
Complete
(Modulation
of...)
^j*^
(To be...)
;
\\j
Complete exclusion Complete
variability
(verb)
(J*?)
}^>
^-kj"^>
\~--\
~\
1 1; i
L"
-
UuJ^si
**
Complete variable
U ^j'^cj>
U
C&
Complete verb
Incomplete conjugation (verb) Incomplete variability Incomplete variable
(<_M) }^>j^ ^.j-^
U _*
ll;
aJ
^1*
Ciâi
L~S"
Composition
Annexed composite
Composite
Composite numeral
fÛÎ ZJs'y
Ijs'y
iJs'y
"z'Ss-
43
Circumstantial
.
^J*
Circumstantial noun Circumstantial of place Circumstantial of time Circumstantial patient Circumstantial sentence
.
^j
-
f-"'
-"
o^ ^J*
jt* j
<4f
*^J*
<J _***-*
^_r*
'J-
<u*i-
t_Sjâ^
"'.of. j-p <-2j*>
-.
..
j^j^
ji
^j^
*
-f.
Pro-circumstantial
ij^>^*
^y>
- .of. s t
^-r* V^ b
'--.Ji
(ffrr
.
_r'
* -
-Ji
i_Sjû
-.f.
i-S_y9
Cease Cease
(Not. to...)
tiJ&l
&
Certainly
Certified exclusion
'
**
*
I
V^J"
^1 >">'
J
o
Certitude (Verb
of...)
J^ J*f
j*
i-J
Claim
(To.
.)
Classification, root to divide
*^' t-?-6
"
-'
Clip
(To..., to elide)
fJJ*
>>
Clothe
(To...)
Colon
Color
Tyr^y
^^
Oji
Come!
Jfc*>
(To...)
t^
Come down
Come Come
here
in the
to
J>
C~*
morning
(To...)
(To...)
'**
Come
know
(Jj*
42
c
Call (To.
Call
.
.)
^ jj
sfjj
Called
^
LsUai ^jLu
"t^-'J'
Called annexing
Called euphonic
tj'*&
Called similar of the annexing
_sLaLJL Slii
^jti
Euphony of the
Isolated called
Letter of call
called
^ jlHil 1-*-^
Vîi t^jli
jljj *-*\i-
Capacity, quantities
ji&* iX
* C/|
Cardinal numeral
iji
Cause
(To. . .)
Causal descriptive
Causal patient Causal status
i) jl
<d^-N Jjiii
SlU, J-
Cause of pain
Letter of causality
i^
Jj;
/<*->>
*_sî-
Cease
(Not
to...)
J|j
Change
(To. . .)
JxJ
(jJ
Circumstance
41
B
By
J?
}
S
By impossibility
By means of
jJuCJJ
^
^jjj
By
the eternal
40
B
Befall (To.
.
.)
Jl
Before
jIJ
(To.
.
Begin
.)
JO
ioiJI Jj\
(_il>
fjl
Behind
Behold
Below
Between Between
Biliteral
Oji
j~>
j^
\^
jj
Blame
(Verb of...)
jii
Bond of conjunction
Both
Jj-^jiJI iLff
tk
^
j &>
'J~
^*"?*
Both are separated

Brackets
j*a> o}&
Break
(To...)
Broken plural
Bring to light
(To...)
JT^
(To...)
J*-**
"LJ>
Bring together
Brother
ii.|
But But
But But
to I
j:
JJ jfJ
_,
By By
By
.j*
g
'ja
By
39
B
",
"0
Be impossible
Be Be
in
(To...) (To...)
Jt^-j|
"**
good health
.
inactive (To.
(To.
.
.>
JJai
jilt
Be low
.)
Be many
(To.
.)
'JS
Be modified Be near
(To...)
tfpu
(To...)
(To...)
^s**>J
Be obligatory
Be of the same genus Be permitted Be present

(To...)
(To...)
<j~*^-
jl>
(To...) (To...)
j~a>
UJUs
Be prolonged
Be quiet Be
Be Be
(To...)
.)
j~>
Uii
.
rare (To.
rational (To.
rigid (To.
.
.)
Jai
'x^>
.)
Be short Be small
(To. (To.
.)
'J^k
.)
yufl
.
Be special Be
(To.
.)
Â>
jp
split (To...)
(To.
. .
Be tender
Be Be
.)
uJ
iJS
third (To.
.)
tired (To...)
J^
J
J^~^
jUtf
o s
Because Because of heaviness
Become
Become
(To...)
in the evening (To...) in the
^>j>
Become
morning
(To...)
*--
38
B
Be
(To.
.
.)
Jl"
.
Be able
(To.
.)
j ji
il"
Be about
to (To...)
(To...)
Be acquainted with Be alone

(To.
.
*SJ&
i^j
.)
Be astonished Be complete Be conform

Be
(To...)
i?*
Ij i \J>
'jijt
(To...)
(To.
.)
different (To.
.)
Be
distant (To.
.)
juu
i\j
Be diversed Be exalted Be few Be Be

(To.
(To...)
.
(To.
.
.)
Ul<
.)
jj
~<j-*>
fifth (To...)
fine (To...)
(To. . .)
<Sje C^j
'jfij^
ij
Be firm Be
flattened (To...)
(To.
.
Be fourth Be heavy Be high
.)
(To. . .)
AH
}*i
(To. . .)
37
Attracting
&,
^J^
jlj liL*
q'C ^jLi
uiiai
<Sy~
^ \\
Augment
(To. . .)
Augment, augments
OlJuji
<.
jjy
julj
Augmented
Augmented HaM'Zaf
Augmented noun
SjuIJ
TyJ*
juji 11,1 juji jjuai juji

quadriliteral
Lks
Augmented
original
Augmented verb
Augments of the
Ifk*^ ^'i.y
Augments of
the triliteral
"J^ Oljuji
f&j Jj~
Jujlll o\'jj\
Jj4=r-

Past augmented ignored Past augmented
\j* <j^
-^j-*
known
"ty**
,*
Authenticity
(Letter of...)
J^y iiw>
j^ C^
Jaii
jj|
i
Auxiliary vocable
Away!
Aw y!
Away from
IjuJ
-Jg.
36
At At At At At At At
all
j
ale
jj
ii
j|
At that time At the contrary At your own risk At your service

Attach
(To. . .)
'
y&
d* n
ft
1
IV-
(M "t
,
iuj j>J
J^-U
Attach oneself to
Attached
Attached nouns Attached T Attached to the

five
Uidi
tUll
*^_y.y verbs
~lijl
JliiS/L.
jiJu
JsDjI
Attachment
..
^>J! jliu
I-'-*
Jr-9
^ J^- J^
dlfo
,
|
Attain!
Attention
j^.
Attention Attention
Attraction
Attracted Attracted numeral
Attractingi_s
_i
fo
Ûai
i_i k<
Artificial original
^^
tv
<
J*- *
il
As
As
As
j>
*i
As
As
^S
CJ
J far as
far as
As
As
As
^J
J*> w
&l
As As As
far as for
if
jfr
as
as...
As long
to last
f
As long
b w
jli
As though
Aside from
^Lsi
Assemble
(To...)
*>
Assume
Astonished (To
Astonished
Astonishing!
be...)
v
^
~"j
V=*^
Astonishment
_^*j
EaF'RaL
of astonishment
îJdl
Jiil
v_-^*J lJ'j>-
Noun
of astonishment
u-âj
î
"^ ^-"^^
"...
At
J\
34
Annul
(To.
.)
?uJ
t_wbi
Annulled nouns with open ending Annulled nouns with regular ending
Annuller
Annullers
^y
^.U
h-~^y ^-.u
Annulling
letter
Jj>
P""'
1
Noun
of the annuller
t?
t"^
Jf~
Answer Answer
(To. . .)
L*
to the condition
Js^JI Ls\j>
Lajl
Anteriorly
Appear
(To...)
^Jj
âU
yli
Apparent Apparent active element
J^l*
Apparent passive element Apparent personal

Apparent sign Apparent vowel
j*U J_j*jw
^*U
^w
ify&lk X*$s-
o^*U Tî-
Applaud
(To. . .)
(To...) (To...)
Ijui
t
Approach Approach
Jîl
Lî
ijjUi J*i
Approximation
Arrange
(To...)
(Verb of...)
LJj
JjJuw
obi
Arranged noun
Article
-*
-*
t
Article of elision Article of exclusion
*y>- ebl
':>.'- *
juii-l ebl
Conditional article
'
-*
*>jt.
ebl
33
'
0.,
Although
*?
Amen
Amid
Jrf
k-0
(^ Of
(Its place in the...)
Among
Amongst
Analysis
^Ch6 ?
of
*^**
Analysis of the letter Analysis of the sentence
.J^JI
<vLiJI
iL>lêl
^j^\
3
Jf
-J
And
And even
And so And
so on
(To. . .)
^0*
<-^
4*L*|
Annex
Annexation
*UiJt *iL?^
JI
Annexed
i_sUw
-4
Annexed composite Annexed noun

Annexing
"J^\ V^J
<un i_sUi p-i
i_sLi
.
**
Annexing noun
Called annexing Called similar to the annexing
i-Li p-l
i-Ua <^:>u
oLaoJU
<u~ <^:>U4
~*&\J>\
Moral annexation
>**
^-s
Non
annexing
of annexation
jt*
Noun
**^"*i
f"
Oral annexation
*^ ~^^\
tiUuJU
<u
Announce
(To.
Y.
.)
\*
32
Afflict (To.
.)
[jjj
After After
jmi
Cj
Afterwards
Ci
{
i*j
Against
Js.
Agent
Agent Agent
-
J*li
function
dlLcli
noun
JÛJI
'.
11)1
"...
Ago
Ah! Ah! Ah!
Aid
(To.
.
s
t
Jtio
Jus
\j
[$'j
.)
fcj
Alas! Alas!
oT
o\j\
AH
JT
KJp
Allusion (To make...)

Allusion
Allusive
^J*
X>\
noun
Xjjc *J\
Alone
Alphabet
Alphabetical letter
Alphabetical order
jl><-
jl>j
i\s*A
^j*"*-~>j>
U^**
Already
jjj
Also
Liil
Also
Although
o'
31
Active letter Active verb
J*l*
J^ & J*i
J#li
JLpli
Agent
Agent-function
Agent-noun
Eliminated active element
Inactive
It
J*UJI *-l
"jtXb J^l*
t3ji>^ J^l*
J^l* j^*i
has no action
Jii N
~iy*-
J*
-
Noun
of one act
o^JI *~l
Oral active element

-.
U^ J^l*
-"
.
- d-' -
J*UJIj J*aJI
aJ^
Pro-agent
Syntactic action
J*li k-Û
<Sj^J J**
i ji
*
Advance
Advanced
(To.
.)
; l-
f f
'j
.
Advancing Advancing followed

pJiai*
f^~*
Advise
(To.
.)
bl
J>l
t\
Affirmative Affirmative Affirmative Affirmative

Affirmative
Affirmative, root to be firm
^
Ji>
j~>
~? *b*\ C~*lo
<~j* *!<>
"
,i "
Affirmative sentence Affirmative verb
C-io JaS
30
A
A
few
k.
About
-i
About what?
About which?
li
lî
Above
Above
Absent
Absolute patient Absolute pro-patient
Abstract noun
jiiai
J-Ua-o
Ji
Jjji
LJli
Jjxfli
Jjiii LJU
'jdt llil
Accents
Jajljl^
li
|L
Acclaim
(To.
.)
l^j
According to
According to
Act
(To.
.
Ji
vi
.)
J^
LiG*' J**
Lli
Active element Active element of the distinctive Active element of the status
yJ>\ J^l*
JliJI Jal*
29
J^*JI .
^ jj&?l Jj-Jl
ENGLISH -ARABIC LEXICON
Elide
(To..., to clip)
~*j>
Article of elision
?}> obi
*jj->w
* j&-
Elided
Eliding Elision
1
*y>-
Elision of the verb

'
J*aH
-
m7 '*
j>.-*..
Letter of elision
^_J>- <-9_r"
-*-
Sign of elision
?j>- Xt'j*
._..
f-Jj^
J-f~J
^^>* Vr">
w*
^W^
<j*
Jua*"
uî
f'
'
^
.A*
*^
Oli OIp_j^>wJI
s_^*aJI
ill!
y>
lil
<~~Jj^l
<_9Jl*
*9uwJI
il_j*J
(JIJI
li
UsjI
|_jiJ
Oblij^ll
oJlA
25
Elide
(To..., to clip)
/_)>-
ijio\i\
Article of elision
Elided
Eliding
Elision Elision of the verb
fi'j-9
/j-
t'jr
J~"JI f j?y>- <^j>-
Letter of elision
Sign of elision
?}> %**&
fi'J^ J**
- The
reader must be warned to see in this lexicon nothing but
a repetition of the
Arabic lexicon. The English words used,
having no grammatical character of their own, have not been

put in alphabetical order to facilitate looking them up
of this order
is
;
the aim
to throw light on the groups and families of of
words adopted to respond to the grammatical functions

their
Arabic opposites.
- TABLE OF
CONTENTS
These instructions serve also as a table of contents.
6
A.
- ORIENTALISTS
D'ALVERNY
ATOUI
REFERRED TO
A.
H.
J-B.
G.
C.
DE B. KAZIMIRSKI LECOMTE
PELLAT
REIG
BELOT
R.
P.
BLACHERE CACHIA
D.
J.J.
J.
H. FLEISCH
SCHMIDT DE SOUSA
M. G-DEMOMBYNES
A.
H.
WEHR
WRIGHT
GHEDIRA M.S. HOWELL
W.
24
tJr^^"
[yW*+" Vr^J^'
r*~s^
l^j*^ a^r-JJ 4**Hj* y
Except
^|
_pJ
If ..ju
eJhUil
fLMI *~as*j
_ t
toil
Anteriorly In the morning
i~Ja~p
|j
This (masc.)
Twelve
-.
oîi
A*-**
...)
UÛîi
_ r
LJl
:>>J
(Infinitive)
[yl>frll
v-wjJI î Jlo^l Jib
Be impossible
Cease (Not
...
(To
to)
J&Jld
(...
U)iU)1
jij
Do
(To
.. .)
Have a defect
(To
...)
Jit
Soften the voice (To
...)
l*.j
~\_~\A '\
Turn about (To

v_aJjJI {j+a*
...)
J
\'j-*>-
LrS^j Zjs-\ja]\ ^-jUJIj *JJti\
oUJI
_ i
Agent -function
ill* Li
~QJ
****?

<Jj^w fjLai J*i
noun
5ij*flii
5jj
Silij <-^>
uaj>- uji-i Co*; c*j-
jl*
ji-Ij
jjw>-
**jM
oUSol
23
4 This
THE ENGLISH-ARABIC LEXICON

is
a recapitulation of the Arabic lexicon in English alphabetical
order.
- The
letters of signification are represented
by one of the most

under E:
"ill
common
Except
Arabic uses of each
letter,
e.g.
Different
nouns obey the same
rule,
e.g.
Anteriorly
Uil
Oj*i*tf
\h
In the morning
This (masc.)
Twelve
0j&
in
lliJ! i
jZs- UjI
Verbs are
alphabetical
...)
order in their infinitive form e.g.

\}KcJ\
(...
Be impossible
Cease (Not
...
(To
to)
U)
dliil
Do
(To
...)
JJ
(To
...) ...)
.._
Have a defect
Ji
*>j
Soften the voice (To
Turn about (To
...)
LJ&I
- The
technical
words
and
grammatical
expressions
represent
exclusively the
orientalists
author's conception, without reference to the

e.g.
as indicated in the arabic lexicon,
Agent -function
ill*li
*^Jr
(Jj4** fjLfl*
***?

J*9
noun
tij~aju> OjS>j
*|l9j t-*J->
- Words
belonging to the same family have been grouped with

in
one of them and
alphabetical
order,
e.g.
22
jjJI
opIâJI
oQ-Jlj oLjJI
jUsl jÛ*j iaLcu JLIjj
>
.jylJ JUiSfl y \jl
21
- TECHNICAL STUDY
Printed
on
colored
pages
separating
the
two
lexicons,
it
comprises
1
- A
in
study of criteria for selecting declined and structured words
Arabic grammar.
tables of orthography of the letters and essential
- Comparative
terminology.
Lists Lists Lists
of letters of construction and letters of signification. of variable and invariable nouns. of particular verbs.
4
5
20
.HlJUuJL
Z& i/^H
or*12
'
'
i>*
*
'J^ <J h^* ^JJi - *

1
"
Called similar to the annexing Called similar to the annexing

(...
tjL&oJL "CJU
ij'iLe
ij'^) t-JLioJb <u

with)
By
(at,
by means
of, during, for,
swear by,
in,
v
^jlia
)
lJLsuJL "&&
(
. . .
Jb
<u~* ij jL
uiLaa
t^jJ
To
call
t_JLa*Jb <Ll
^jL
2uw
To resemble
t_JUuJb Ulii ^jbi

t-iLe
To annex
Called similar to the annexing t_JLa*Jb 4li<
^jL
19
- Example
of an
expression
of
more that two words:
This expression
is
found
in
the following order
Called similar to the annexing Called similar to the annexing

(...
uSUaJU
a~j> (J}\~a a****
i^w
with)
<^LaJu
By
(at,
by means
of, during, for,
swear by,
in,
v
) uSLffljs
t_SLa-Jy <u^ <^ju

(
. .
.
Jy
<u~* ^.su*
To
call
'
tf&
J ' C '* it "'~t. J t_SLa-Jy <u~* tju
\'.
To resemble
*~*
t_SLa-Jy <u^
îu
cÛff
To annex
t_SLa-Jy <u^
îu
18
!tf
~j3jZi~J\
~o\
jjZ
jJjÛJI L.U
SJjUJI olf.
.
.[jderrf| '*JS
^'jS
\jLa\
iS^>\
\sj\ft\
l+
jjui\ jjjjdl
X^j
JaiL ^jJU"
4-cJLSUl
ol*
[ÛiU]
:<>j*$JI
:ijjil. iLi" LjS" CULJ [
Jj*- C^j JjMI
Ljjj>-
(... <S_f-
) tjjlj xLi\
Help, root
:
to help
,jJii\
i^p
I4JL0I
^ji
ifcl Silij]
<Jy- CjnJ
\'iJsy>
rj^
1*^"
To help
Help
[Call for help} Helping
ilji
SUslT
r
to
'""
[Person called
aid]
i)
Helped
[Person against
Ûi
whom aid
is
required}
:oj*$JI
<Jj>-
C^J
JjMI
Ljjj>-
Detached exclusion
[Z>i#eren< exception]
:
JoJLu ÛlUxl
jjl
tjj*- Co*J ^lijl
lgjj>-
JiiL liU JtS"
rjXJj
-
Detached exclusion
if
(...
<'-*--') -
<*
- J
To fold
in two
"*
J5
\l\
Detached exclusion
t\XzL\
To cut
Detached exclusion
..taS;
*k
ttiJ\
17
: I
italics.
When
the choices are identical, the

line.
word HidenT]
will
appear under the principal

dicates
The absence of brackets
in-
that the
orientalists
have neglected to translate the

will
term
in question.
Thus the reader
have an overview of the

his
different
conceptions and
may draw
own
conclusions.
- Example
word
is
of an isolated technical term:
aJUÎ-! )
This
( * )
found
in
its
final
form under the

(...
letter
êtter
of restriction
Jj> )
>j*
jlJIjX-il
Help, root to help

It is
&*\
SJUll
found again
in its radical
form under the
letter
()
To help
Help
[Call for help} Helping
*ij*
[Person called
to
aid}
*
Helped
[Person against
^^
whom
aid
is
required}
- Example
is
of a two- word expression:

in
:
(î>
tUii-l).
It
found
the final form of the
first
word under the
letter
( * )
Detached exclusion
[Different exception}
It
is
^biLo t\L>\
also found in the final

(
form of the second word
under
Detached exclusion
It
is
~.
(... <U~1I) *
<
i'o
also found in the radical form of both words:
To
fold in two
Vi a
^
u
*^~5^"'
Detached exclusion
To cut
Detached exclusion
_ _
16 f
*>'
Jai
*uii
Welcome!
âj
ls
a*
jjjJ
pt'J^ (Infinitive)
J*JI
li*
5*-^ JUiNI ^Ji;

Jtij
jJJNI
'jfiu
L5
_ Ti
sUiJl
CjlupI
.ÛJI
'^
4ky*j
J*iJI
aL^*JI
'lS>I
>
j,
.CjJ&NI JUiNI
SIAL-
Jl
3J&JI
iÛ} .JUiNI J\** fx*s â
^'Jl SjÎj ibU,
J*j
^T
^L*l
JUiSlI
<d
WN
J*i
iJbJI
J--.
JUi
.jlj&JU
QU-
^_,J| ^_pjjl
L>
JT
C)\ tLvli
[^ UJU ij^li.
i'Û
Jl i>cJI
To
give information
\^.|
To show
^"]
'jfc,j
To
notify
To warn
To recount
|^j]
ÎI*.
'"\,
To inform
To announce
u^-j;
.
obj*^
jjK*j
jijjij
^.juji
juilr juSi
.
;>~
U>^
UJI
J
libw j St^_^ aJjU*
LgJ
Ujui*l Jij
(Infinitive)
sUI iJjs- C>j jj~~J1
Jla
r-jJ^J
âj
To
afflict
^
oUJl_
._îJ
JjJUJi
lilij
o^lj
4
jk-
J* c^-J
iJSUJj
t
SjjiPiyjl
lift
^l*Jlj
t~JLJl
ro
Ijijjl
U>~AJ
E^Ldl
Or;
t
tJaiJI
c^j
ji\
.^"jjl
^>vj
JaiJl.
Or'.r'' 1*-
ojiy
Jl
IajuipI
Wjj'j
JJU
CoJ.^Ji;
c.ljL^-NI
jil"
lix*
.(italics)
Jj
15
Certain nouns of open ending,
chosen for their current
usage,
are
found also
in
the general order
Welcome!
- Verbs
in
&l
are represented in English, in the infinitive form,
24
while
Arabic
the
past
form
in
is
used.
This
solution
has
to
been
the
a
adopted to maintain
verb,
in
evidence the word's
relation
the manner of English verbs.

is
On
the other hand,
single equivalence
given for each verb, despite the numerous

will
meanings these verbs can have. The reader

that
it
understand
the
was
necessary
to
choose
one,
as
does
Arab
list
grammarian, to avoid repetitions. By way of example, the

of transitive verbs over three patients speaks for
itself,
each
verb being able to have the same meaning as the others
To
To
give Information
^->l
tjl
--o
I
To show
notify
*l*l
**l
To warn
To recount
ti.A>
To inform
To announce
Certains verbs,
difficult
J*>
V-
such as the verbs of praise and blame,

as infinitives.
are
to translate
For these verbs we have
adopted an equivalence inspired by their general meaning. For

example, the verb (^-i?)
affliction:
is
used for expressing a feeling of
What
a
it
misfortune!
will
How
sad!
How
awful!
In this lexicon
thus appear, with the
letter
(v)
To
25
afflict
\jr\
Technical
along
the
this
terms
and grammatical
line
expressions
the
are
translated
same
line,
according
to
author's
conception.
Below
the
solutions chosen for the

will
same word by
and
in
different
orientalists
be
set
down
in
brackets
14
Predicate of
'J^
01
EfNa
î
jii
To prick
HaWZaTu
of
INDEED
"o
S>i
Ji L>j\\ Jbtj
jb-ij JiiL
i^-j;
o^.
iu^ji
r î
yl_ rr
:lJI
e>^ C^J gjOi
Cl'ji] SjliNI
jL-l
This
Iji
You
You
(masc. sing.)
(dual)
plur.)
_
^Jj
-
fe
J\
You (masc.
How
:
'_
Jg
t_>jkll
aLaJI
o>J ^jxJ
QiCJ.
^C*]
1-1
- i
CJ
Morning and evening
r-C^
To be
third
,_ijl
**-
>
5JU*2
*
Three hundred thousand

Three
AJ%*
^%*
J-"'
J!
*-"
0>
J^
fi
:
C^"D ^>
jUJl
f-i
fit
y-JjJI
olL-jJU

Nine
tfitujt l-iy
&J
13
Predicate of
j?>
0\
EiNa
jf
J*-*
To prick HaM'ZaTu
23
of
INDEED
kinds
of
o\
>*
re-
- The
various
noun
have
only
closest
one
to
translation
this
presenting
the use judged to be
noun.
The
other possible meanings have been Ignored because this lexicon
does not pretend to replace a language dictionary. E.g.

1
- The
demonstrative noun (IJi)
is
found with the
letter
This (masc.)
2
&
personal noun
(
- The
(fj\)
)
:
is
found
in
the group (CJI)
with the letter
You
You
(masc. sing.)
(dual)
plur.)
CJt
I*^ "t
1
You (masc.
3
fj\
- The
interrogative
noun (*-40
is
found under the
letter
How
4
\jas
- The
circumstantial
noun (*HJ>
^C*)
is
found under the
letter
(^):
*Li T^Lp
is
Morning and evening

5
- The
numeral noun (SJ^)
found
( >L> )
in
the group of
its
denuded verb with the
letter
To be
third
-iJI
dJC
SJLilJ
'*"
-
Three hundred thousand
;;
Three
ft-'
V
~%
i.SX>
will
The numeral noun (4*~J), on the other hand,

found
in
be
it
the
general
order,
its
as
we do not
think
justified
to return to
root

Nine
<iuJI *?>>
4jw
12
i*J
Convenient vowel
Vocalized
o 1L.&
S--
aT^-
iiJ"^J
j\
SjiiNi
usuj
JjSii
jj^ji
jikJ
Sji^Ji
lil
iuUJij
_ r
:\*Sl
L^j
*Ui
<J^Jll^l t*i
./r

(
, .
.
.ij
<Jj>~ )
EtC
J
t
ll
Tji ^j>
y i*^
_
^rSii j^ji .i^p
pi~
ou
i^j
ûji
lijj-- rr
Except
*rî
'
(if

1
*tfl
LsO^
iSJr^)" V-J'
.
(Except)
al^Yj
(E) cjj^jl
J\ Uyi\
Indeed
Sisters of
S f
6
E/Na
"q\
of^-1
j| 111
Noun
of
E/Na
its sisters
E/Na and
fclj^-G 01
J
-**
Predicate of
E/Na
of
j| 5'
HaM'Zaf
INDEED
2>i
^
*,
l^p
i^JI
Î*~i tt-SjsJI ll ^p 2uJb>JI

:jAJI
i)
To
l^|
Sisters of
E/Na
jl olî-l
Noun of E/Na
11
J|
11,]
-.
--
Convenient vowel
Vocalized
2
LL ~^'y-
dJû
final
- The
form
the
is
found
in alphabetical order
by the
first
if
letter
of
word,
with
reference
to
its
root,
appropriate

(
.
.
d)js <lu>I <iX>_j^

.
i_s
y-
)
"
jg^Jwu
JI
Etc
22
- The
letters
of signification have, in general, several meanings.

is
The most common

E.g.:
1
placed
first,
the others in parentheses.
- The
letter
letter
( * )
Sh
is
found
in
alphabetical order with the
Except
(if
*i\
To
find this letter in the English-Arabic lexicon, look for
Except under
2
the letter E.
to
find
first
If
you
wish
the
letter
(jj)
letter
and
( * )
see
all
its
implications,
look
under the
SI
a
i
Indeed
Sisters of
r
j
E/Na
U
t
o\
Cj\'j>-\
Noun
.
of
E/Na
its sisters
jl *l
E/Na and
,'.-#J7
1<jI_j*-I_j
j!
Predicate of
EiNa
of
o\ Jf~o\
HaM'Zaf u
INDEED
2>i
The various subdivisions of

in *,
this letter indicate the place
the lexicon where one might iook further

,
HdNPZaTu"
root to prick
>j> l$Ll oj*J*
HaRTZaft/ of INDEED
fraternize
OI(>i)
*
,-
To
l>i
~o\
Sisters of
EiNa
>\'y~\
Noun of E/Na
10
jl
*->l
^J^l
*j-* - r
cJ-i*3iil
Jî;
Û;}
JUif,
L_f,
J^
jJk >j_
&Jj Ifr^
W^
AJJ^J
To move
Vocalization
dl'S.
LJ
v wel
Apparent vowel
5^.
\~j>% isT^-g-j^
Supposed vowel
\-J^
9
INSTRUCTIONS
How
1
to
Use
this Dictionary
PREAMBLE
1
This dictionary contains:
- A - An - A - An -
preface
2
3
Arabic-English lexicon
technical
study on colored pages
4
5
English- Arabic lexicon
Instructions for use.
2
21
- THE ARABIC-ENGLISH LEXICON

-It comprises the
letters,
nouns,
verbs,
and expressions
re-
presenting Arabic grammatical nomenclature. These words are
placed in alphabetical ordre according to their radical form and

their
1
final
form.
radical
- The
this
form
is
that of the denuded verb from which
word
was
used
derived.
in
Below
this
verb
are
all
its
derivatives
grammar. E.g.
To move
Vocalization
^j*
^tj>^
~*S~fZ~y>\]e> ~*~j>-
Vowel
Apparent vowel
Supposed vowel
8
IJXL*
~*'j>-
J^^l oblijl
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
To my daughter CAROLE.
LIBRAIRIE
DU LIBAN
RIAD SOLH SQUARE BEIRUT
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST EDITION
1988
Ambassador
ANTOINE EL-DAHDAH
A DICTIONARY
OF TERMS OF DECLENSION AND STRUCTURE
IN UNIVERSAL ARABIC
GRAMMAR
(ARABIC-ENGLISH) (ENGLISH-ARABIC)
Revise cT by
MARTIN
McDERMOTT ELIAS MATAR

J.
LIBRAIRIE
DU LIBAN
A DICTIONARY OF TERMS OF DECLENSION AND STRUCTURE

in Universal Arabic
(Arabic-English)
Grammar
(English-Arabic)

Dictionary of Terms of Declension

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Y

136 ^ivaJI ^Jl 26 A^l^aJI

(j-** (j-fj-^' t->*lyiJI i_A~Ua^)l -k-~> o' i<J

during the composition of

according to a scientific arrangement of the matter to be taught. The

obvious next step was to lead the foreign reader to an analogous

and precision of the Arabic and

provided that the sources of the terminology and the

language to another. Universality, as understood

demonstration on the way towards generalization consituations

indicate a diversity of meanings.

Arabic three vowels

and an anti-vowel, the quiescence

presence of one of them at the end of a word gives

a grammatical function over and above

j*uj ^wiu. ^*. a^.y

.i*ujij tsijo^i iiUjj tijsm

<w*aJi ^^^u; ji *-*

ols-jj*j iiUI dili

^i- <."jjJ>C> <.Z~JJi

(Quiescence, elided ending, elision)

normal situations of the

not under some

syntactic influence [jhat

ending, or the situation of regularity

The word Cregula

Latin allows interesting possibilities in derivation: regular

an open vowel, and

thereby enriching the language

pronunciation necessitates a reduction

evoking at the end

of the verb the

- Vowel Vowel - Vowel -

Quiescence, elided ending, elision

from the vocabulary of the orientalists, nonetheless

reflects the basic

Arab way of thinking and

these facts, which are so obvious besides

that they have

SL'yJI Ob*Jda-A<JI ^^Jw

obi ^r-Jj ur^23

^1 (Unaccomplished verb, present or present-future)

iJ'b tUJI ^^jsj.

emerge from a reading of works treating Arabic

author has tried to explain the Arabic by seeking comin

where he wants to go,

have chosen to undertake a work

from that of a classical

studying our language and our civilization.

should not an Arab,

happens, explain Arabic grammar to foreigners by

using English not to

English grammar, but as

desirable to spare readers

of going to the technical

ingenious comparisons established by the orientalists. Furthermore,

forgotten the rules of their

them two tasks

asked for here

be that of understanding the true

meaning of the Arabic terminology being used,

take as an example the term (f-jUi^ J*i

conform verb, even though

juj ^wiu. ^. a^.y

<waJi ^^^u; ji -*

j^i 4**Ju ^l^"