PSYCHOLOGY INTRODUCTION

Dr. Sr. Temy Thomas

M D Part-2

DEFINITION Psychology is the science of human and animal behavior; include its application to human problems

 In

modern terms psychology is defined as the science of behavior in relation with the environment. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Science of behavior and cognitive process. Study of consciousness.

Psychology as a science

As a science psychology is systematic, because experiments and observations are at core of scientific psychology . As a science it is measurable.(not in all cases)

Application

It is an art and skill.

Applied aspects in the form of various branches eg: industrial, clinical, educational psychology

This skill acquired by study, practice and special training

Dual root of psychology

Philosophy and Natural science Idea of applying methods of science to study the human behavior.

2 important ideas from philosophy Idea concerning the way in which we can acquire the knowledge about natural science. Idea concerning the relationship between mind and body

Work of psychologist /branches and fields of psychology

Divided -pure psychology and applied psychology Pure psychology-provides frame work and theory Applied psychology-theory generated through pure psychology finds its practical shape

Pure psychology -branches

General psychology
Abnormal Social Experimental Physiological

Geo psychology Developmental

Applied psychology-branches

School & Educational psychology Clinical

Military
Political Legal

Counseling Industrial & organizational

History of psychology

Pre scientific psychology

Early schools of psychology

Modern perspective

Pre scientific psychology

Pre scientific psychology

It was believed that cause of human behavior located outside the human being Greek philosophers look inside the man and tried to find out the clue of behavior Socrates,Plato,Arisotile Once again churchs believes came influence of evils on behavior 17nth century Descarts (French) -Dualism

The study of psychology in philosophical context dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, China, and Persia. Psychology began adopting a more clinical and experimental approach under Muslim psychologists and physicians

Though the use of psychological experimentation dates back to Alhazen's Book of Optics in 1021, psychology as an independent experimental field of study began in 1879,

Early schools of psychology

Early schools of psychology

Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research at Leipzig University in Germany, for which Wundt is known as the "father of psychology". The year 1879 is thus sometimes regarded as the "birthdate" of psychology.

The American philosopher William James published his book, Principles of Psychology in 1890, which gave the answer for many of the questions

Functionalism Wilhem wundt(1832-1920) William james, and his student John dewey, James Edward Titchener(1867-1927) angell, Harvey carr

Structuralism

Mind is made by units Method of studyintroseption Tried to find out the elements of mind Consciousness can be broken into 3 elements; Physical sensation Feelings images

How and why mind function? Function of mind and behavior Experimented on the way in which,learning, memory, problem solving,adaptation to environment.

Behaviorism John B Watson(1879-1958)

Denied the subjectiveness of mind Observable activities of people and animal 3 characteristics: Emphasis on conditional response Learned rather than unlearned behavior No difference between human and animal behavior

Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud (1856-1938) Expression of unconscious-behavior Theme of unconscious motivationpsychoanalytic theory 1.The world of unconscious 2. psychoanalytic method-free assoc iation, dream analysis, analysis of daily psycho pathology 3.Structure of psyche-id, ego, super ego 4.Psychosexual development- oral stage, anal, genital, phallic ,latency.

Gestalt psychology (Max wertheimer-1912)

Whole is greater than or different than the sum of all of the parts.

Opposed atomic and molecular approach to behavior Opposed structuralism

Modern perspective

Psychologist tried to obtain systematic information about all aspects of behavior. In order to get aqurate answer, psychologist decided to study the behavior in different perspectives.

Behaviorism and psychoanalysis are present in modern perspectives in modified form

Behavioral perspective

When a behavior giving rewards it is stamped in, When a behavior not giving rewards it is stamped out Only observable behavior is the proper subject for investigation Eg: we cant observe work motivation directly. So we asses it through behavior

Cognitive perspective

Focus on cognitive process memory, thinking, decision making Based on Albert banduras social learning theory Processing of information Processing is based on experience we have Difference in processing leads to difference in behavior

Socio cultural perspective

Individual perception ,feeling and action strongly influence by social & cultural factors Social psychology tries to get a cause of behavior relation with social factors Look for quality of relationship

Developmental perspective

Characteristic changes occur in a person when he/she mature Changes occur in way of thinking

Humanistic perspective

Persons sense of self Consider the human being as a purposeful being Giving more value to human being Key points- self actualization, freedom, search for unique goals Personal meaning of his existance

Psychoanalytic perspective

It is a part of psychodynamic
Focus on role feeling and impulses.

when impulses are not acceptable leads to defense mechanism . Eg:displacement

Biological perspective

Try to relate the behavior to functions of the body-brain & nervous system, endocrine system Eg; electrical changes occur in brain during learning process, during sleep..etc

Evolutionary perspective

Behavior is shaped to some extent by genetic factors Influence of inherited tendencies and disposition Eg; systematic study in identical twines

SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN HOMOEOPATHY

To differentiate normal and abnormal behavior To observe the patient

To asses the mental symptoms of patient.

In homeopathy, mental and emotional symptoms are of paramount importance Homeopathy however is not the same as psychoanalysis, for although it needs to mental/emotional dynamic in any case taking, psychological insights may be revealed, this information is used to find a homeopathic remedy not to provide a psychoanalytical solution.

Homeopathy uses the mental/emotional componant to connect the full picture of the patients suffering to the attributes of a remedy - the more complete the picture, the more likely the chosen remedy will be homeopathic

THANK YOU