SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

On
“Survey on rice varieties including hybrids in
Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh”.
For

Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of
MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISRATION
(AGRI-BUSINESS)
2007-2009
Submitted By: Sandeep Singh Parihar
(H-2007-MBA-40)

Department of Business Management

College of Horticulture
Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and
Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H.P.), India

1
 List of content
Sr. No. Topic Page no.

1. Introduction
A.Introduction of Rice 1-3
B.Introduction of Company 4-10
2. Need of study 11
3. Objectives 12
4. Research methodology 13-14
5. Assumptions and Limitations 15
6. Analysis and Data interpretation 16-29
7. Results 30-31
8. Suggestions 32-33
9. Bibliography 34
10. Appendix 35-40

2
 DECLARATION

I am student of MBA (Agri-Business) in Dr. Y. S. Parmar

University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H. P.).
Hereby declared that training report entitled “Survey on rice
varieties including hybrids in Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar
Pradesh” is the outcome of my own and genuine work and
the same has not been submitted to any other
University/Institute for the award of any degree or
professional Diploma.

Date- (SANDEEP SINGH PARIHAR)

Place-

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to thank almighty God who bestowed me
with good health and courage to accomplish this task. I always felt
His presence and blessings with me.

”Opportunities are given by God only to those who avails them. “

My journey through this challenging assignment has enriched me with

knowledge and most valuable experience and sweet memories. Today when
our endeavours have successfully reached its culmination, I look back with
gratitude to one and all those generous help that has made this assignment
come true. This acknowledgement may not be sufficient to express my
gratitude towards the people who helped me in the completion of this project.
I would like to meet this opportunity to express my gratitude towards Dr. O.
P. Singh, President, Dhanuka Agritech Limited for providing me an
opportunity to work as a trainee.
I would also express my profound thanks to project guide Dr. A. K. Singh,
Sr. Marketing Officer, Kanpur for his valuable help and guidance. Their
constructive and directional recommendations were instrumental in making
the project success.
I owe my special thanks to all the staff members of Dhanuka Agritech
Limited for their kind backing as well as for their mutual aid providing me
with the required information. I would like to thanks Dr. Y. S. Negi,
Professor and Head, Department Of Business Management, Dr. Y. S.
Parmar University of Horticulture and forestry Nauni, Solan, (H.P.) for his
moral support extended to me from time to time. Besides this I would also
like to thanks the Administrators and Government organizations for providing
me required information for to complete the project.
I express my special thanks to my parents, friends and colleagues, who have
been a constant source of help and encouragement.

Date: (Sandeep Singh Parihar)

Place

4
 CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION
(A) RICE: AN INTRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sativa ) is one of three most important food crop grown in the
world. India is the largest rice growing country, while Chine is the largest
rice producing country in the world. In India rice accounts more than 40%
of the food grain production. Cultivated rice is an annual grass with round,
hollow and jointed culms, flat leaves and terminal inflorescence (Panicle).
Normally cultivated rice varieties take 110-210 days from germination to
physiological maturity of seed.

Biological classification of Rice

Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Oryza

Nutritional Value of rice

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 370 kcal 1530 kJ
Carbohydrates 79.95 g
- Sugars 0.12 g
- Dietary fibre 1.3 g
Fat 0.66 g

5
Protein 7.13 g
Thiamine (Vit. B1) 0.070 mg 5%
Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.049 mg 3%
Niacin (Vit. B3) 1.6 mg 11%
Pantothenic acid (B5) 1.014 mg 20%
Vitamin B6 0.164 mg 13%
Folate (Vit. B9) 8 μg 2%
Calcium 28 mg 3%
Iron 0.80 mg 6%
Magnesium 25 mg 7%
Phosphorus 115 mg 16%
Potassium 115 mg 2%
Zinc 1.09 mg 11%
Manganese 1.088 mg

There are three phases in life cycle of rice

a)Vegetative: most variable and characterise duration of variety

b)Reproductive: panicle formation to flowering (35 days)
c)Ripening: flowering to harvesting (30 days)
d)Climate Requirement
♦Temperature:: 20-350 C
♦Soil: alluvial, red, laterite or lateritic,
black soil.
♦pH 5-8
♦Water 900-250 mm

6
Cropping season in U. P. Kharif (June to October or July
to November)
Production of rice in 2006 in different countries is as in table

Top paddy rice producers–2006

(million metric ton)
China 182
India 137

Indonesia 54

Bangladesh 40
Vietnam 36
Thailand 27
Myanmar 25
Pakistan 18
Philippines 15
Brazil 13
Japan 11
World Total 700
Source:
UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)[9]

7
 (B) INTRODUCTION OF COPMANY

I. Profile of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Dhanuka Group has been actively involved in the service of Indian

farmers for the past 25 years and has been instrumental in providing
crop specific, eco-friendly high quality crop care products such as
Dunet, Caldan, Kasu-B, Sheathmar, Targa Super, Vitavax,® Vitavax®
Power, Omite® etc, through its international collaborations, Recently
the Group has entered into seeds and water soluble fertilizers also.
Dhanuka Group has most modern, state of art manufacturing facilities
in Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Jammu & Kashmir. The
Group R & D Centre, recognized by Ministry of Science and
Technology. Government of India, is engaged in field research
activities and supports in updating the manufacturing facilities, to be
in line with the international trends.
Dhanuka Group puts highly focused efforts to provide Indian farmers,
and understanding of different modern agriculture technologies, to
ensure high quality produce with increased profits, through its techno-
commercial professionals and national marketing network.
Dhanuka is a quality conscious; customer friendly and eco-friendly
group conscious for new molecules.
The group is committed to provide Customer Support Services in the
area of product of safety and disposals.

8
II. Brief history of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Dhanuka Agritech Limited, a flagship company of Dhanuka Group,

was acquired as sick unit in 1980 with a meager sales turnover of 17
million INR, is today a unit of over 900 million INR.
Dhanuka Pesticides Limited (DPL), was incorporated as a public
Limited Company under Indian Companies Act 1956 in the year 1985;
primarily for manufacture of technical grade pesticides namely
Cypermethrin. DPL entered into technical tie-up with E. i. Dupont De
nemours & Co. Inc., USA. In the year 1992 to formulate, brand and
market on exclusive and all India basis, Methmyl- Brand name Dunet
12.5 L. A 28 year old, nearly dead molecule Methomyl, which to India
third time, and finally through our Group was recognised in the Indian
market. In the first six months Dunet sales was 232 KL and in the
fourth year itself the sales of Dunet touched all time high of 977 KL.
In 1984 Dhanuka Group established a Research & Development unit
named Dhanuka Agriculture Research Centre (DARC), to carry out in
house field research in process development. DARC is recognized by
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of 1ndia.
In the year 1992 Group acquired another sick unit namely Rajasthan
Insecticides and Fertilizers Co. Pvt. Ltd. (RIFCO), mainly to make dust
formulations. This unit has crossed 10,000 MTs production in the third
year itself.
On the other hand Northern Minerals Limited (NML) joined hands
technically with Uniroyal Chemical Company Inc., U.S.A. in the year
1999 to formulate and market Carboxin (Vitavax 75 WP), Oxycarboxin
(Plantvax 20 EC) and Diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 WP). We are in
advance negotiation stage forfurther MOUs with few other MNCs.

9
 Within 17 years of its existence, the Group has diversified in
Pharmaceuticals Bulk Drugs manufacture activity, Dhanuka
laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (DLPL) is established in 1997 to manufacture
Cephalexin, 7- A.D.C,A. and Simvastatin, Within two years DLPL’s
turnover is 150 million INR and is all for exports. & just two decades
the group has touched a mark of 1500 million INR as Group’s turnover.
Now, Dhanuka Group has completed 25 years. (Silver Jubilee)

III.Products of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

CALDAN 50 SP is an eco friendly effective against Rice Yellow Stem

Borer and Leaf Folder and other chewing and sucking insect-pest of various
crops.

OMITE is a powerful true miticide belonging to an entirely new group

sulphite ester.

SHEATHMAR is a systemic antifungal effective for control of Sheath

Blight of Rice and Black Scruf of Potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani .

SHEATHMAR is highly effective against diseases caused by

Rhizoctonia sp. on certain vegetable crops..

DUNET is a broad spectrum carbamate insecticide with quick knock

down action. DUNET acts as contact and stomach insecticide effectively
controlling pests with ovicidal, larvicidal & adulticide activity

10
 KASU-B is a broad spectrum systemic antibiotic fungicide cum
bactericide effective for control of Rice Blast and also various fungal and
bacterial diseases in vegetables and fruit crops

DHAWA is a new based insecticide, recommended for effective control of

Helicoverpa armigera

DIMILIN is an insect growth regulator for control of insect pests,

particularly belonging to Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera.

HOOK has excellent translocation action. Absorbed by leaves and roots

within four hours, hence later no effect of rain. Safer to wheat crop without
any side effect. No vapour action. Hence no effect on adjoining field of

mustard, pea, sunflower etc. if not directly sprayed on them .

QURIN is an effective post- emergence weedicides for effective control

of broad leaf weeds in soybean.

VITAVAX is a non - mercuric systemic fungicide for use as seed

treatment for control of seed-borne diseases in different crops.

EM-1 is based on Emamectin benzoate, a new generation broad spectrum

larvicide for effective control of Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera &
Plutella xylostella in Cotton and Vegetable crops.

NUKIL is a broad spectrum CHO compound insecticide having quick

killing action effective for control of all pests of Rice, Helopeltis and
sucking insects in Tea, etc.

11
 SIXER is a broad spectrum systemic and contact fungicide controlling
various fungal diseases affecting leaves, stems, flowers, fruits etc .

VITAVAX POWER is a systemic-cum-contact fungicide effective for

control of soil and seed born diseases of large number of crops,

TARGA SUPER is leading post-emergence herbicides for the control of

narrow-leaf weeds in broad leaf crops .

IV. Production Units of Dhanuka Agritech

Limited
NORTHERN MINERALS LIMITED: to formulate and market
Carboxin (Vitavax 75 WP), Oxycarboxin (Plantvax 20 EC) and
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 WP).

DHANUKA PESTICIDES LIMITED: for manufacturing of

technical grade pesticides

DHANUKA AGRICULTURE & RESEARCH CENTRE: AN R

& D unit to carry out in-house field research, process development

NORTHERN MINERALS LIMITED, MANDIDEEP, and

BHOPAL: to make dust formulations

DHANUKA LABORATORIES LIMITED: diversified in

Pharmaceuticals Bulk Drugs manufacture activity

12
 DHANUKA SEEDS: Producer & distributors of certified and high
quality seeds of cereals, vegetables, oil seeds & pulses & fibres.

The Dhanuka Group has an excellent rapport with the farmers at the grass
root level through our experienced staff at 24 Regional Offices spread
throughout the country & is also backed by a strong network of distributors
/ dealers.

I. Collaborations of Dhanuka Agritech Limited

Collaboration Country Product
with
M/s.Chemtura USA DIMILIN 25 WP, OMITE 57®
Corporation EC,VITAVAX ® 75 WP, VITAVAX
POWER®
Sumitomo Chemical JAPAN CALDAN 4G, CALDAN 50 SP
Takeda Agro Co. SHEATHMAR 3L
Ltd.
Hokko Chemical Co. JAPAN KASU-B ® SL
Ltd
Mitsui Chemical Inc. JAPAN NUKIL ® 10 EC
Nissan Chemical JAPAN TARGA SUPER
Industries
E.I. Dupont USA DUNET, NUSTAR
FMC Corporation USA AAATANK ® , MARKAR
DANFURAN
Yara International NORWAY SAMADHAN
ASA

V. Future plans of Dhanuka

 Develop our own Research and Development.

 Set up Seed Testing Laboratory with latest technology .

13
  Create strong and modern infrastructure in the
production area.

 Have overseas partnership with reputed International

companies.

 Grow out testing facilities .

II. Vision, mission and objectives of Dhanuka

VISION- Farmers Prosperity Through Dhanuka Excellence.

MISSION- Life Enrichment Through Science.

OBJECTIVE-

 Serve the Indian farming community with safer, Eco-

friendly and quality Agrochemical.
 Support the grower on judicious and right use
Technology.
 Provide customer support services on usage and
environment safety.
 Pursue Research and Development growth bulk drugs.

14
 CHAPTER-2

NEED OF STUDY

India is agriculture-based country. Agriculture sector alone

contributes more than 19% to the GDP and about 70% of the
total population of India depends upon this sector.
Agriculture sector need to be on boom if the country like
India wants to feed its increasing population. Rice is one of
three most important food crop grown in the world. To
achieve high yield in rice, Indian growers need to be aware
about latest development in this sector. Use of improved seed
is good mean to achieve high production with quality
produce. The seed industry of rice in India going through
rapid changes. Unlike in past now there are many varieties of
rice with high yield in the market. There is cut throat
competition in seed market so this study will help Dhanuka
Agritech Limited to knowing the farmer’s behaviour towards
the use of hybrid seed of rice and the areas where company
can improve sale in Kanpur Dehat. The study will be of great
importance for Scientists, Extension officers and company’s
sales promotions.

15
 CHAPTER-3

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1.To study rice varieties grown in the district

2.To study companies supplying rice seed.

3.To study the varieties wise price of the seed (Distributors

price/dealers price/farmers price)

4.To study the cultivation practice adopted by farmers.

5.To Study yield potential of the varieties and price of

produce realized at farmers field

6.To study procurement agencies and quality accepted by

farmers.

7. To study major insect/ pest of rice

16
 CHAPTER-4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Location of study:
In the present scenario the project is done in Kanpur Dehat
district of Uttar Pradesh.

Data collection:
Primary data and secondary data are used.

♦ Primary data was collected from retailers as well as

farmers. Interview schedule was prepared to collect the
primary data from retailers & farmers.

♦Secondary data is collected from Extension Deptt. of

C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur and
Agriculture Deptt. Kanpur Mandal.

Sample size:
Total sample size is 115 out of which 5 Distributors, 10
dealers & 100 progressive farmers were taken as sampling
size for the study.

Sampling unit:

17
 Retailers and farmers of Kanpur Dehat were defined as a
sampling unit.

Sampling technique:

Convenient sampling was used as a sampling method.

Interview schedule:

Interview schedule of questions related to the awareness

and satisfied of retailers & farmers toward the seeds & also
related to the quantity of rice seed sold by the retailers.

Analytical tool:
Percentage method: It is value showing that out of 100
samples hoe many come under a particular category.
X
% = ----------------------× 100
Y
Where as –
X = No. of respondent under particular category

Y = Total no. of respondents

18
 CHAPTER-5
ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
(a) Assumptions of study
 Respondents will response correctly

 Respondents will respondent without biases.

 Sample is true representative of population .

(b) Limitations of study

 As the study is completed in a short span of 40 days. The
time factor put a limit on the scope at extensiveness of the
study.

 Sample size was small (115) therefore sample may not be true
representative of population.

 Convenience sampling was used

 Respondents may be biased.

 Respondent are not well educated so there is no guarantee of

extracting the correct information.

19
 CHAPTER- 6

ANALYSIS AND DATA INTERPRETATION

1. Rice acreage in district

Total area of Kanpur Dehat 314984Hac.

Total cultivated area 220399Hac (i.e. 69.97 of total area of Kanpur
Dehat)
Area under other crops 163977Hac...(74.4%)
Area under rice 56422 Hac. (25.6%)

Area under rice

Rice
26%

Other crops
74%

Other crops Rice

Inference: Out of total cultivated area in Kanpur Dehat on 74% area rice is
grown and on rest of area other crops are grown.

2. Varieties grown in Kanpur Dehat

During study information from varieties was obtained from farmers and
dealer of that area. In Kanpur Dehat most of the varieties grown are as under

20
 Distribution of varieties according to farmers growing is as
HYBRID VARIETIES
Farmer Dealer Distributor No. of
Variety Company Yield
price price price Farmers
PHB71 Pioneer 170 165 160 45-55 21
6444 Pro-Agro 180 170 165 50-55 31
JRS-1 Dhanuka 170 155 150 - 0
PAC-801 Advanta 175 170 165 45-50 4
PAC-832 Advanta 185 175 165 50-55 1
KRH-1 Namdhari 180 160 155 45-50 0
SRH-5151 Shakti 170 160 155 40-45 16
S-201 Spriha 160 150 145 45-50 9
S-261 Spriha 170 160 155 45-55 6
Pusa RH-10 Spriha 200 185 175 40-45 3
Dhanya Dhanya 170 160 150 40-45 1
Loknath-50 Nath Seeds 180 175 170 40-45 1
5017 Syngenta 185 180 175 70-75 0
Navaratna Nitya 160 150 145 35-40 0
9090 Kaveri 160 150 145 35-40 1
Durga Ganga Kaveri 170 165 160 40-45 0
Total Farmers Growing Hybrid Varieties 94

Others
12%
S-261
PHB71
6%
22%
PHB
71
6444
S-201
SRH-
10%
5151
C S-
201
S-
261
Other
s

6444
SRH-5151 33%
17%

21
 INFERENCE: Out of 94 farmers who were growing h ybrid varieties 33% farmers
are growing 6444,17% are growing SRH-5151, 225 are growing PHB-71, rest of
the farmers are growing other varieties asS=201, S-261.

O.P. VARIETIES

Farmer Dealer Distributor No. of

Variety Yield
price price price Farmers
Kranti 17 15 14 25-30 2
Sarju-52 18 17 16 25-30 0
Mahamaya 16 15 14 22-28 0
Narendra-359 16 15 14 20-25 0
Pant-10 15 14 13 25-30 0
Pant12 16 15 14 20-25 0
Total Farmers Growing O.P.Varieties 2

INFERENCE: Onl y 2 farmers are growing Kranti variety of O.P. rice

BASMATI VARIETIES

No. of
Compan Farme Dealer Distributo Farmers
Variety Yield
y r price price r price

Pusa 2
Advanta 90 80 75 25-35
Basmati-1
Rasi 1
Sugandha-4 70 60 55 20-25
Seeds
Golden 1
Shakti 250 235 220 25-35
Basmati
Total Farmers Growing Basmati Varieties 4

22
 Grown Basmati varieties in Area
No. of Farmers

Golden Basmati
25% Pusa
Basm ati-1

Suga
Pusa Basmati-1
ndha-4
50%

Golden
Basm ati
Sugandha-4
25%

INFERENCE: Out of 4 farmers who were growing Basmati varieties 2 farmers

are growing Pusa Basmati 1,1 is growing Pusa Sugandha4, 1 is growing Golden
basmati,
Distribution of varieties according to area is as

Gold
Name of Pusa
SRH- Sugand en
PHB71 6444
5151
S-201 S-261Kranti Basmati-
ha-4 Bas
Others Total
farmer 1
mati
Amit Tiwari 1 1
Depu 1 1
Ram Bahdur 1.5 1.5
Shiv Mohan 4 0.5 4.5
Tej Bhan 0.8 0.8
Gajendra 1.5 1.5
Shambhu 5 5
Munnu Pal 16 16
Deependra 4 4
Dheer pal 6.1 0.5 6.6
Shyam Singh 5 5
Vinod Gaur 2.5 2.5
Uday Bhan 6 6
Vijay Kumar 5.2 5.2
Munna Dubey 9 9
Ashok Pal 0.5 150.3 150.8

23
 Manoj Singh 4 4
Vinay Kumar 0.6 0.6
Santosh 4 4
Ram Pal 6.3 1.5 7.8
Raju Kumar 2.5 2.5
Hari pal 2.5 2.5
Surendra 4 4
Arvind Yadav 2.5 2.5
Mohan Pal 4.5 4.5
Indresh Singh 1 1
Pawan kumar 4 4
Avinesh Yadav 6 6
Vivek Singh 2.5 1.5 4
Sunil Shukla 4 4
Rahul Yadav 0.8 0.8
Kuldeep Chauhan 1.5 1.5
Mukesh 4.5 4.5
Hemant Tiwari 4 4
Prashant 2.5 2.5
Mohan Singh 1.5 1.5
Shailendra 5.4 5.4
Pankaj 5 5
Rakesh Jha 2 2
Mahendra 2.5 2.5
Rajesh 6.8 6.8
Tarun Singh 5.5 5.5
Manish 4 4
Punit 0.9 0.9
Arjun Singh 2 2
Gaurav Tripathi 4.5 4.5
Navneet 1.5 1.5
Avinesh Kumar 0.5 0.5
Nikhil Singh 1.8 1.8
Devesh Pratap 4.5 4.5
Shudhanshu Pal 1.5 1.5
Rajendra 9 9
Piyush Pal 5 5
Rajneesh Singh 3.5 3.5
Abhishek 2.6 2.6
Ram Aasrey 1 1
Jagat Pal 2.5 2.5
Dularey 4 4
Narendra Pal 0

24
 Ram Nath 6 6
Shivnendra 1 1
Awdesh Kumar 3.5 3.5
kaushal 1 1
Mahesh kumar 4 4
Sushil Singh 2.5 2.5
Munesh Pal 3 3
Ram Das Gupta 3 3
Ujagar lal 4 4
Ganesh 4 4
Ram Kumar 4 4
Rakesh Singh 12 12
Surendra rawat 2 2
Mangal Singh 5.5 5.5
Kishan Pal 2.5 2.5
Ram Bhadur 1.5 1.5
Raj Dev 0
Anil Dhorey 9 9
Pappu Dhanuk 3 3
Ram Babu 4 4
Ram Snahey 1 1
Bhola 2 2
Suresh Yadav 0
Ram Dayal 1.8 1.8
Vishnu Katiyar 2.5 2.5
Shiv Shankar 4 4
Abdul Khan 4 4
Naseem 0
Shyam Lal 4.9 4.9
Babu Yadav 6 6
Vikash Sachan 1 1
Aneesh 2.5 2.5
Ranjeet Singh 8 8
Raj Pal 15 15
Ram Dhari 1.5 1.5
Jay Kishan 5 5
Kumendra 6.5 6.5
Birju Pal 0.5 0.5
Sumit Yadav 3 3
Babban Pasi 3.5 3.5
Drig pal 2 2
Total 82.2 150 53 37 12 153 3 1 1.5 21 512.8

25
 PHB71

6444

Golden Basmati Others SRH-5151

Sugandha-4
0% 6%
Pusa Basmati-1 0%
S-201
1%
Kranti
S-261
1%
Kranti
PHB71
S-261 23% Pusa
3%
Basmati-1
Sugandha-4
S-201
10% Golden
Basmati
Others

SRH-5151 6444
14% 42%

Inference : In Kanpur Dehat area on the basis of sample the distribution of

varieties is as in above graph, that 6444 is grown In maximum area.

3. Source of Seed

Information regarding source of seed was obtained from farmers. As 100 farmers
were selected as sample, some farmers were growing more than one type of rice as
hybrid, basmati, and/ or O.P. Some farmers were growing Basmati rice for only .2 hac
area for self consumption only with hybrid or O.P. varieties.

26
 Self
Produ Purchased
p
Type cing Exchan
rod Local
of rice Farmer Univers Kanp ged
uce Govt. Mark Others
s ity
et
ur
d
Basmati 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hybrid 94 1 1 7 72 11 2 0
O.P. 4 3 0 0 1 0 0 0
100 6 1 7 73 11 2 0
% 6 1 7 73 11 2 0

Source of seed form where farmer get seed

Others Self produced

Exchanged
2% 6%
0% Govt.
1%
Kanpur
11%

University
7%

Local Market
73%

Source of seed

Self produced Govt. University Local Market Kanpur Others Exchanged

4. Market size for sale as seed

27
 As total area under rice was about 56422 Hac and average seed rate was 20
kg seed for one Ha. area. In 2007-08 market size for rice seed was 1128.440 M
tone

5. Main companies supplying seed of rice

♦Spriha Bioscience Pvt. Ltd.

♦Shakti Seeds Pvt. Ltd.
♦PHI (Pioneer) Seeds Pvt. Ltd.
♦South Eastern Transgenic Seeds Pvt. Ltd.(Advanta India
Limited)

♦Syngenta Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

♦Nitya Seeds Pvt. Ltd.
♦Kaveri Seeds
♦Ganga Kaveri Seeds
♦Dahnuka Agritech Ltd
♦Proago Pvt. Ltd.
♦Nam Dhari Seeds Pvt. Ltd.
♦Nath Seeds Pvt. Ltd.

6. Average yield reported in Kanpur Dehat

During 2007-2008 average yield in Kanpur Dehat was 114747m. Tonne and average
productivity was 20.330q per hac.

28
 7. Procurement Agencies
In Kanpur Dehat intermediaries play a vital role in procurement of rice as in last year
73% farmers sold their produce to intermediaries and only 27 % farmers sold their
price to rice mills.

8. Farmers accepted qualities for selection of varieties

Quality High Medium Low Total

Milling 3 20 77 100
Cooking 79 19 0 100
Resistance 91 9 0 100
Yield 16 4 0 100
Price of seed 86 12 2 100

100 91
90 86
77 79
80
70
Frequency

60
50
40
30 20 19 16
20 12
9
10 3 4 2
0 0 0
0
Milling Cooking Resistance Yield Price of
accepted qualities
seed
High Medium Low Attributes

29
 9. Cultivation practise

 Sowing For sowing of rice in Kanpur Dehat area farmers

usually adopt following methods
 Seed Rate Seed rate for rice differs according to the
type of rice farmers sowing i.e. O.P., Hybrid or basmati
rice
For O.P. Varieties: Fine rice- 30 Kg seed per Hac.
Medium rice 35 Kg seed per Hac.
Course rice 40 Kg seed per Hac.
For hybrid varieties 14-19 Kg seed per Hac.
For Basmati varieties 22-30 Kg seed per Hac.
Time of sowing
Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties
1-5 June 5-10 June 10-15 June

 Area of nursery Area of nursery differs according to the

type of rice farmers sowing i.e. O.P., Hybrid or basmati
rice. In Kanpur Dehat ratio of nursery to field was found
as
Type of rice Area of nursery
Basmati 0.07 Hac, to 0.08 Hac.
Hybrid 0.06 Hac. to 0.07 Hac.
O.P. 0.06 Hac. to 0.07 Hac.

 Field preparation After summer 2-3 ploughings were done

and 10-15 days before transplanting field was filled with water.
In Kanpur Dehat 62% farmers used FYM @12 tone / Hac.
before 2 weeks of transplanting .
 Transplanting Generally in Kanpur Dehat 25 to 30 days old
seedling for Hybrid and Basmati varieties and for O.P.
varieties 30 to 35 days old seedlings are used for transplanting.
Farmers have transplanted their seedling on as under

30
 Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties
20-30 June 25 June-5 July 1 July – 10 July

Spacing

Type of rice Spacing

Basmati 25x15 cm2 to 20x10 cm2
Hybrid 15x15 cm2 to 20x15 cm2
O.P. 15x15 cm2

 Fertiliser Farmers use chemical fertilisers in the form of Urea,

DAP, SSP, MOP and for organic they use FYM. Average
fertiliser used by a farmer for crop of rice in this year as (in
K.g.)

Type of rice Nitrogen Phosphorus Potash

Basmati 90-100 40 30
Hybrid 150-160 75 60
O.P. 120 60 60

 Very few farmers (less than 5 %) used Zinc Sulphate for the
supply of Zinc

 Farmer applies full dosage of P and K and the time of field

preparation before transplanting. N was supplied in three
dosages as half of the N was supplied at the time preparation,
one forth of N was supplied at early tillering stage and
remaining one fourth dosage before panicle initiation.

 Harvesting In last year farmers harvested their crop as

Early Varieties Medium Varieties Late varieties
90-120 days 120- 145 days 145-160 days

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10.Main disease and pest
Kanpur Dehat area is not too much affected by any disease
and pest.
Disease: Main disease that are usually occur on rice are
Blast (Moderately),
Bacterial leaf blight (Moderately),
Khaira (Rarely),
Jhonka(Rarely)

Insect: main insect are

Termite(serious), (Cyclotermes obesus)
Ghundi (Leptocornis acuta)
Grasshopper, (Hieroglyphus banian)
leaf folder(Moderately)(Marasmia exigua)

11.Some problems in Kanpur Dehat

 In some areas of Kanpur Dehat like in Akbarpur distribution of most

demanded varieties e.g. 6444 is not proper as the result there is
shortage of demanded varieties and farmers have to shift to other
varieties or they have to purchased these varieties on high price

 Availability and price of DAP fertiliser is not proper. Some times

farmers have to pat very high price even up to Rs. 750 for per 50 K.g.

 Areas near canal or river, their is huge risk of loss due to high rain ad
increase in water level.

 Promotions of seed and pesticides companies are done only in some

areas, farmers of interior area are not benefited by these promotions.

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 Many small farmers have not enough money that they can not
purchase high priced hybrid seed and they have to grow their old seed
of O.P. varieties as result yield is low.

33
 CHAPTER- 7
RESULTS
 In Kanpur Dehat Area Out of 314984Hac area in 24.6% area rice

are grown and in rest of thee area i.e. 74.45 area other crops like
Wheat, Paddy, Maize, Pulses, Oil Seeds, Sugar cane, Potato are
grown .

 In Kanpur Dehat area 94 farmers are growing Hybrid varieties, 2

farmers are growing O.P. varieties and 4 farmers are growing
basmati varieties. Some farmers are growing more then one
varieties in their land.

 In Hybrid varieties PHB-71(22%), S-201(10%), SRH-5151(17%)

and 6444(33%) are mostly grown.

 Most of the O.P. varieties growing farmers are growing Kranti.

 Basmati rice growing are growing Pusa Basmati-1(50%),

Sugandha-4(25%), Golden Basmati varieties (25%)

 94% farmers are purchasing seed from various sources,

6%farmers are using self produced seeds and no one is using
exchanged seeds .

 Farmers who purchase seed they are purchasing 73% seed from
local market, 7% seeds from University, 1% seed from
government agencies

 Average yield reported in Kanpur Dehat during 2007-2008

average yield in Kanpur Dehat was 114747m. Tonne and average
productivity was 20.330q per Ha.

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 Last year 73% farmers sold their produce to intermediaries and
only 27 % farmers sold their price to rice mills.

 Most of the farmers are going for high yield as quality during
purchasing seed.

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 CHAPTER- 8
SUGGESTIONS
 Dhanuka should go for aggressive advertisement and wide publicity through
field demonstrations, pump lets, posters, wall paintings and local daily radio
channels as seeing in believing at grower power.

 There should meetings with farmers and Gram Pradhans on regularly basis to
make them aware about products, their use and advantages to them and to get
feed back of their product.

 Company should develop high yielding varieties because in Kanpur Dehat

area most of the farmers are more concerned about high yield rather then
quality.

 Free sample of seed should be give to some farmers so that a part of farmer
can be attracted by company in future.

 The company should improve its distribution network because other

companies are focusing more on distribution

 Transportation cost that is given return to distributors should be given total

as from company to distributors shop not for only up to Kanpur Railway
station because some distributors and dealers told that only Dhanuka is not
giving full transportation cost rest of the companies is are giving total
transpiration cost.

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 There should some relaxation in credit facility given to distributors with
certain time limit

 Company should not give too much discount in comparison to distributors to

dealer who directly purchase product from company as it disturb distribution
channel.

 To educate farmers regarding modern technical promotional Programme may

be organized in the beginning of crop season.

 Cost of the Dhanuka products should be comparatively reduced.

 Timely availability of the product in right time and right place.

 The company should conduct field trails of seeds in different locations.

 The company should provide the dealers/retailers with a wide range of seeds
with good margin.

37
 CHAPTER- 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

 Gupta, S.P. (1997) Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand

and Sons, New Delhi
 ICAR, Hand Book of Agriculture(2006)
 Agrawal, R.L. (1998) Seed Technology, Oxford and IBH
Publication, New Delhi
 Kothari, C.R. (1990) Research Methodology (Methods
andTechniques), Wishwa Prakashan, New Delhi
 Kotler, Philip, (2007)Pearson Education Inc. Publishers
(Singapore), Marketing Management
 Acharya S S and Singh, (2004) Oxford and IBM
Publishers, New Delhi, Agriculture marketing in India

Websites:

www.dhanuka.com
www.indiaseeds.com/rice
www. wikipedia.com/rice
www.kanpurdehat.nic.in/agriculture/rice

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 CHAPTER- 10
APPENDIX
Interview Schedule for farmers
1. Name…………………………………………………………..

2. Village………………………………………………………….

3. Block…………………………………………………………….

4. Total cultivated area……………………………………………..

5. Area under rice production

Varieties grown Area

Total

6. Source of seed

Frequency(Please√ mark)
Source Reason Distance Quantity Often Sometime Always
s
Ag. Deptt.
University
Self produced
Market
:Local market
Kanpur
Luckno
w
Delhi
Ohters
Exchanged
Total

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 7. Source of information
Village trader/ Neighbour farmer/ Radio-TV/ Personal visit to
market/ Visit to farmer fair/ KVK demonstration
8. Is there any promotion of company (Yes/No) if yes then
Company:
Frequency Rare/Not regularly /Always

9. Variety wise price

Varieties grown Price (2008) Price(2007)

10.Yield potential
Yield(Q/Ha)
Varieties grown Last year Average of last three
years

Total

11.Procurement agency
Varieties grown
Agency

Total

40
 12. Marketable and marketed surplus

Varieties Production Self Gift Exchan Labo Sold in Farmer Market

grown consumed ged ur market Price price

13.Farmer acceptance of quality (Please tick mark)

Quality High Medium Low

Milling
Cooking
Yield
Resistance
Price pf seed

14.Cultivation practice

Practice Time Frequency Rate Total amount

Field
preparation
Puddling
Transplanting
Irrigation
Fertilizer
Chemicals
Weeding

15.Major disease and pest

41
 Occurrence
Disease Insect
Sever Mild Rare

16.Other problems

(a) Fertilizer Availability/High price/Poor quality

(b) Chemicals Availability/High price/Poor quality

(c) Seed Availability/High price/Poor quality

(d) Human labour Availability/High price

(e) Machine labour Availability/High price/Poor quality

(f) Irrigation Availability/High price/Poor quality

(g) Market Distant/Not fair price/Too much

intermediaries/Delay in auction

(h) Storage Not available//high cost/loss in quantity and

quality

(i) Finance Not available/ high interest

(j) Information Not available/Late/Insufficient/Misleading

(k) Seed certification No/only for some varieties/All

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(l) Electricity Not available/Rare/Periodically/Always

(m) Transportation Not available/high cost

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 (2)Interview schedule for retailers/distributor
1. Firm name………………………………………..
2. Owner name………………………………………
3. Location…………………………………………..
4. Most demanded varieties
a) ………………………….
b) ………………………..
c) ……………………….
d) …………………………
e) ………………………….
5. Companies supplying seed
Price
Variety Company
Distributor Dealer Farmer

6. Farmers acceptance of quality

Quality High Medium Low
Milling
Cooking
Yield
Resistance
Price of seed
7. Annual Sale
Variety Sale(Rs)

44