GRAMMATICAL ERRORS ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

WRITING MADE BY THE SEVENTH YEAR STUDENTS OF MTS NEGERI

BANYUWANGI 2 IN THE 2011/2012 ACADEMIC YEAR

THESIS

by
Luluk Anggrayni
NIM 060210401082

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
THE FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
JEMBER UNIVERSITY
2012

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

WRITING MADE BY THE SEVENTH YEAR STUDENTS OF MTS NEGERI
BANYUWANGI 2 IN THE 2011/2012 ACADEMIC YEAR

THESIS
composed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain S1 Degree
at the English Education Program

by
Luluk Anggrayni
NIM 060210401082

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
THE FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
JEMBER UNIVERSITY
2012

ii

CONSULTANTS APPROVAL

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

WRITING MADE BY THE SEVENTH YEAR STUDENTS OF MTS NEGERI
BANYUWANGI 2 IN THE 2011/2012 ACADEMIC YEAR

THESIS
composed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain S1 Degree
at the English Education Program

Name

: Luluk Anggrayni

Identification Number

: 060210401082

Place/ Date of Birth

: Banyuwangi, September 22nd 1988.

Program

: English Education

Department

: Language and Arts

Faculty

: Teacher Training and Education

Approved By:

Consultant I

Consultant II

Dra. Siti Sundari, M.A.

NIP. 19581216 198802 2 001

Dra. Musli Ariani, M. App. Ling.

NIP. 19680602 199403 2 001

iii

APPROVAL OF THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE

This thesis is approved and received by the Examination Committee of the Faculty of
Teacher Training and Education of Jember University.
Day

Date

Place : The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Team of Examiners
The Chairperson

The Secretary

The members,
1.

1.
NIP.

2.

2.
NIP.

The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

The Dean,

Drs. Imam Muchtar, S.H., M.Hum.

NIP. 19540712 198003 1 005

iv

DEDICATION

This thesis is honorably dedicated to:

1. My beloved parents, H. M. Choiril Anwar, Hj. Choiroyyaroh, and Hj. Latifah.
Thanks for your support since the beginning of my studies and for your patience in
waiting for my graduation.
2. My dearest husband, Yusfi Ali Masruri. Thank you so much for your love,
patience, support, and advice in every hardship.
3. My best friends in English Education 2006 and in my boarding house. Thanks for
your laughs. You really give me a nice second home.

MOTTO

Verily, with every hardship there is ease

Quran, Surah Al-Inshirah: 6

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I am grateful to Allah the Almighty, the Most Merciful
(the eternally besought of all for blessing), who has led me to the completion of this
final project entitled Grammatical Errors Analysis of Descriptive Paragraph Writing
Made by the Seventh Year Students of MTs Negeri Banyuwangi 2 in the 2011/2012
Academic Year.
I also would like to express my great appreciation and sincerest gratitude to the
following people:
1.

The Dean of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Jember University;

2.

The Chair person of the Language and Arts Education Department;

3.

The Chair person of the English Education Program;

4.

My academic advisor, Dra. Musli Ariani, M. App. Ling.;

5.

My first consultant, Dra. Siti Sundari, M.A. for giving me guidance and valuable
suggestions in writing this thesis;

6.

My second consultant, Dra. Musli Ariani, M. App. Ling. for giving me guidance
and valuable suggestions in writing this thesis;

7.

The Examination Committee;

8.

The Headmaster, the English teacher and the seventh grade students of MTs
Negeri Banyuwangi 2;

9.

All my friends English Education 2006.

Finally, I hope this thesis will provide some advantages for the writer herself

as well as the readers. Any constructive suggestions or criticisms will be respectfully

welcomed and appreciated to make this thesis better.

Jember, Maret 2012

The writer

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

COVER ..........................................................................................................

ii

CONSULTANTS APPROVAL ...................................................................

iii

APPROVAL OF THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE .........................

iv

DEDICATION ...............................................................................................

MOTTO ..........................................................................................................

vi

ACKNOWLEDMENT ...................................................................................

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................

viii

LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................

xi

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................

xii

LIST OF CHARTS .......................................................................................

xiii

SUMMARY ...................................................................................................

xiv

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Research ...............................

1.2 The Research Problems ...............................................

1.3 The Research Objective ...............................................

1.4 The Operational Definition of the Terms ..................

1.4.1 Grammatical Analysis ............................................

1.4.2 Grammatical Errors ...............................................

1.4.3 Descriptive Paragraph Writing...............................

1.5 The Significances of the Research ...............................

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The Meaning of Errors ...............................................

2.2 The Difference between Errors and Mistakes ..........

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2.3 The Source of Errors ...................................................

2.3.1 Interlingual Errors .................................................

2.3.2 Intralingual Errors and Developmental Errors .......

2.4 The Types of Errors based on Surface Strategy

Taxonomy ...................................................................

13

2.4.1 Omission .............................................................

13

2.4.2 Addition ..............................................................

14

2.4.3 Misformation ......................................................

15

2.4.4 Misordering .........................................................

15

2.5 Error Analysis .............................................................

16

2.6 The Procedures of Error Analysis ..............................

17

2.7 The Advantages of Error Analysis .............................

18

2.8 Grammatical Errors ....................................................

18

2.8.1 Syntactical Errors ................................................

19

2.8.2 Morphological Errors ..........................................

23

2.9 The Definition of Writing .............................................

28

2.10 The Characteristics of Good Writing .........................

28

2.11 Descriptive Paragraph Writing ................................

29

2.11.1 Paragraph Description of Place ........................

30

2.11.2 Paragraph Description of Subject .....................

30

CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 The Research Design ....................................................

32

3.2 The Area Determination Method ...............................

33

3.3 Respondent Determination Method ...........................

33

3.4 Data Collection Methods .............................................

34

3.4.1 Writing Test .........................................................

34

3.4.2 Interview ...............................................................

35

3.4.3 Documentation ......................................................

36

3.5 Procedures of Investigation ........................................

36

ix

3.5.1 Collection of Data ...............................................

36

3.5.2 Identification of Errors .........................................

36

3.5.3 Classification of Errors .........................................

37

3.5.4 Calculation of Errors .............................................

38

3.5.5 Tabelizing the Result ............................................

38

3.5.6 Drawing a Conclusion ...........................................

38

CHAPTER 4. RESULTS, DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 The Results and the Analysis ........................................

39

4.1.1 The Result and the Analysis of the Writing Test ...

39

4.1.2 The Results of Interview ........................................

47

4.1.3 The Results of Documentation .............................

49

4.2 Discussion .......................................................................

49

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion ......................................................................

54

5.2 Suggestions .....................................................................

55

REFERENCES
APPENDICES
TABLES
CHARTS

LIST OF APPENDICES

Page
A. Research Matrix ..................................................................................

61

B. Interview Guide ...................................................................................

62

C. Research Instrument ...........................................................................

63

D. Seventh Grade Students Names ..........................................................

65

E. The Names of the Research Respondents ..........................................

73

F. The Tabulation Of Syntactical Errors Classification ..........................

75

G. The Tabulation Of Morphological Errors Classification ....................

77

H. Research Permission from the Dean of the Faculty of

Teacher Training and Education .........................................................

79

I. Research Permission from the Principal of MTs Negeri Banyuwangi 2 80

J. The Samples of the Students Writing ................................................

81

K. Consultation Sheet ..............................................................................

84

xi

LIST OF TABLES

Page
2.1 Comparison between Errors and Mistakes ...............................................

2.2 The Procedures of Error Analysis .............................................................

17

2.3 The Classification of Morphemes based on the Experts Names ..............

23

3.1 The Number of the Population and the Samples Taken by Using
Proportional Random Sampling ................................................................

34

4.1 The Classification of Paragraphs Based on the Topics .............................

40

4.2 The Types and the Number of Syntactical Errors Made by the Students
in the Descriptive Paragraph Writing. ......................................................

42

4.3 The Types and the Number of morphological Errors Made by the
Students in the Descriptive Paragraph Writing ..........................................

43

4.4 The Recapitulation and the Frequency of grammatical Errors ..................

46

xii

LIST OF CHARTS

Page
4.1 The Frequency of Grammatical Errors ....................................................

47

4.2 The Percentage of Each Type of Grammatical Errors ..............................

47

xiii

SUMMARY

Grammatical Error analysis of Descriptive Paragraph Writing Made by the

Seventh Year students of

MTs Negeri Banyuwangi 2

in the 2011/2012

Academic Year; Luluk Anggrayni, 060210401082; 2012: 56 pages; English

Education Program, Language and Arts Education Department, the Faculty of
Teacher Training and Education, Jember University.

Based on the preliminary study and observation that was done on January
2012, most of the seventh year students of MTs Negeri Banyuwangi 2 produced some
errors dealing with the writing of descriptive paragraph especially grammatical errors.
The English teacher said that the students often make errors in tenses, the use of
articles and some morphological inflection such as plural inflection and third person
singular inflection.
This final project primarily deals with grammatical error analysis. It
describes the grammatical errors in descriptive paragraph made by the seventh year
students of MTs Negeri Banyuwangi 2 in the academic year of 2011/2012. This
research uses a case study approach in which it cannot be used to represent students
from the other schools mastery of descriptive paragraph writing. It is only relevant to
the seventh year students of MTs Negeri Banyuwangi 2 in the 2011/2012 academic
year and their mastery of descriptive paragraph writing.
The students writings were then analyzed. The grammatical errors were
classified into seven groups. They were errors in producing verb group, errors in
simple present tense, simple past tense, the use of articles, the use of prepositions, the
use of possessive inflection, the use of plural inflection, and the use of third person
singular verb inflection.
From the result in chapter IV, it can be conclude that the students made 296
grammatical errors which were classified into 128 errors in producing simple present
tense, 8 errors in simple past tense, 70 errors in the use of article, 8 errors in the use

xiv

of preposition, 19 errors in possessive inflection, 16 errors in the use of plural

inflection, 47 errors in the use of third person singular verb inflection.
Based on the frequency of grammatical errors, it can be concluded that the
most grammatical error made by the seventh year of MTs Negeri Banyuwangi 2 is the
errors of simple present tense as many as 128 errors and 43% as the percentage.

xv