Strategies to Improve Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Dual-Fuel Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Engines Date Published: 1997-05-01

Paper Number: 971712 DOI: 10.4271/971712 Citation: Gebert, K., Beck, N., Barkhimer, R., and Wong, H., "Strategies to Improve Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Dual-Fuel Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Engines," SAE Technical Paper 971712, 1997, doi:10.4271/971712. Author(s):

Kresimir Gebert - BKM, Inc. N. John Beck - BKM, Inc. Robert L. Barkhimer - BKM, Inc. Hoi-Ching Wong - BKM, Inc. Abstract: Dual-fuel pilot ignited natural gas engines have several intrinsic advantages relative to spark ignited; mainly higher thermal efficiency and lower conversion costs. The major drawback is associated with light loads. This paper discusses objectives, approaches, methods and results of the development of strategies which overcome the drawbacks and enhance the advantages. Development of a pilot fuel injection system, having a delivery of only 1 mm 3 at duration of 0.6 ms, was described in a previous paper. This paper concentrates on the results of strategies to reduce unburned methane in the exhaust and to increase the substitution of gas at light loads through skip-fire, by-passing boost air and exhaust gas recirculation techniques. Engine tests proved that with these strategies, diesel fuel replacement of more than 95% over the entire engine operating map, including idle, can be achieved and current and anticipated future emission standards satisfied. The effect of each strategy on combustion and emission characteristics is experimentally studied, using a turbocharged, intercooled Navistar DT 466, 7.6L diesel engine. This concept, called micropilot compression ignited natural gas is proven to be a rational approach to the dedicated alternative fuel engine, and has potential for further improvements.

Effect of EGR and Preheating on Natural Gas Combustion Assisted with Gas-Oil in a Diesel Engine Masahiro ISHIDA1), Tetsuya TAGAI1) and Hironobu UEKI2) 1) Division of Advanced Materials&Energy, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University 2) Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagasaki University (Received June 16, 2002) In order to reduce NOx and smoke simultaneously and also to improve markedly the trade-off between smoke and NOx without deteriorating fuel consumption, natural gas was charged homogeneously into the intake air and was burned igniting by a small amount of gas oil injection in a four cylinder naturally-aspirated DI diesel engine. Combustion tests were carried out by changing the ratio of the amount of natural gas and the amount of gas oil first, secondarily the intake preheating temperature, and thirdly the EGR rate respectively. Effects of the respective parameter on the ignition and the burning rate of natural gas, exhaust emissions and specific fuel consumption were clarified experimentally. It is found that significant improvement of smoke-NOx trade-off can be obtained without deteriorating fuel consumption by the suitable combination between the natural gas charge rate, the intake preheating temperature and the EGR rate for each engine load condition. Key Words: Diesel Engine, Natural Gas, EGR, Preheating, Exhaust Emissions

Experimental investigations of different parameters affecting the performance of a CNG : Diesel dual fuel engine Auteur(s) / Author(s) AHMAD Nafis (1) ; GAIENDRA BABU M. K. (2) ; RAMESH A. (3) ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) (2)

Department of Mechanical Engineering AMU Aligarh, INDE Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, INDE (3) Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, INDE Rsum / Abstract In a dual fuel engine a primary fuel that is generally a gas is mixed with air, compressed and ignited by a small pilot- spray of diesel as in a diesel engine. Dual fuel engines generally suffer from the problem of lower brake power and lower peak engine cylinder pressure due to lower volumetric efficiency; although an improvement in brake specific energy consumption is observed compared to pure diesel mode. Results indicate that with an increase in percentage of CNG substitution the brake power decreases. The exhaust gas temperature and peak cylinder pressure also decrease. The rate of pressure rise is higher at lower engine speeds (1100, 1400 rev/min), although at 1700 and 2000 rev/min it is lower. The delay period throughout the engine speed shows an increasing trend. The coefficient of variation is also higher throughout the engine speeds and shows an increasing trend. The brake specific energy consumption is lower at 1100, 1400 and 1700 rev/min and at 2000 rev/min it is higher. The model, which illustrates the simulation of the power cycle of a pre-chamber diesel engine consisting of compression, combustion and expansion processes, predicts brake-power, delay period, brake specific energy consumption and maximum cylinder gas pressure for various percentage of CNG substitution. The above model was validated using available experimental results.

Turbocharged diesel/CNG Dual-fuel Engines with Intercooler: Combustion, Emissions and Performance Date Published: 2003-10-27 Paper Number: 2003-01-3082 DOI: 10.4271/2003-01-3082 Citation: Shen, J., Qin, J., and Yao, M., "Turbocharged diesel/CNG Dual-fuel Engines with Intercooler: Combustion, Emissions and Performance," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3082, 2003, doi: 10.4271/2003-01-3082. Author(s):

Jie Shen - Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co. Ltd Jun Qin - Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co. Ltd Mingfa Yao - Tianjin Univ. Abstract: A yc6112ZLQ turbocharged 6 cylinder engine with intercooler was converted to operate in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG) and pilot diesel. The influence of the CNG ratio, pilot diesel injection advance (ADC) and intake temperature after intercooler on the combustion process, emissions and engine performance was investigated. The results show that the combustion process of dual-fuel engines is faster than diesel engine. Both the ignition timing of the pilot fuel and the excess air ratio of total fuel dominate the combustion characteristics of duel-fuel engines. With the increase of CNG ratio, the pressure and temperature in cylinder decrease at rated mode, but increase at torque and low speed modes. With advanced the pilot injection timing or increased the intake temperature, the cylinder pressure and temperature increase. The results also show that CNG ratio, pilot injection timing and intake temperature dominate the pollutant emissions and engine performance of dual-fuel engines. With the increase of CNG ratio, NO x emissions will be increased at torque and low speed modes, but decreased at rated mode, soot emissions will be decreased, while the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) will be increased. With advanced the pilot injection timing or increased intake temperature, NO x emissions will be increased, while BSFC will be decreased. Those results of this study provide a useful theoretical basis for optimizing the combustion process of turbocharged diesel/CNG dualfuel engines with intercooler.