Tourism : Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel.

The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited". Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals. Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts.

Definition : One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, "bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region." Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity." In 1976 Tourism Society of England defined it as "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981 International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined Tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment.

The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994 in its Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: Domestic tourism, which involves residents of the given country traveling only within this country; Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the given country; and Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country. The UN also derived different categories of tourism by combining the 3 basic forms of tourism: Internal tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism;National tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism; and International tourism, which consists of inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Intrabound tourism is a term coined by the Korea Tourism Organization and widely accepted in Korea. Intrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in that the former encompasses policy-making and implementation of national tourism policies. Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism because many countries are experiencing tough competition for inbound tourists. Some national policymakers have shifted their priority to the promotion of intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. Examples of such campaigns include "See America" in the United States, "Get Going Canada" in Canada, and "Guseok Guseok" (corner to corner) in South Korea. Before people are able to experience tourism they usually need disposable income (i.e. money to spend on non-essentials); time off from work or other responsibilities; leisure time tourism infrastructure, such as transport and accommodation; and legal clearance to travel. Individually, sufficient health is also a condition, and of course the inclination to travel. Furthermore, in some countries there are legal restrictions on travelling, especially abroad. Certain states with strong governmental control over the lives of citizens (notably established Communist states) may restrict foreign travel only to trustworthy citizens. The United States prohibits its citizens from traveling to some countries, for example Cuba.

TOURISM IN INDIA
Tourism in India is the largest service industry, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDPand 8.78% of the total employment in India. In 2010, total Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA) in India were 5.78 million and India generated about 200 billion US dollars in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$375.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate.[1] The majority of foreign tourists come from USA and UK. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan are the top five states to receive inbound tourists.[2] Domestic tourism in the same year was 740 million. Andhra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra received the big share of these visitors.[3][4] Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency to formulate national policies and programmes for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, the state governments and union territories and the representatives of the private sector. Concerted efforts are being made to promote new forms of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism.[5] The Ministry of Tourism also maintains the India campaign. According to World Travel and Tourism Council, India will be a tourism hot-spot from 20092018,[6]having the highest 10-year growth potential. [7] The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007ranked tourism in India sixth in terms of price competitiveness and 39th in terms of safety

and security.[8] Despite short- and medium-term setbacks, such as shortage of hotel rooms,[9] tourism revenues are expected to surge by 42% from 2007 to 2017.[10] India's rich history and its cultural and geographical diversity make its international tourism appeal large and diverse. It presents heritage and cultural tourism along with medical, business and sports tourism. India has one of the largest and fastest growing medical tourism sectors.

TOURISM IN KASHMIR : KASHMIR is known for its scenic landscape.. Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost state of India. Jammu is noted for its scenic landscape, ancient temples and mosques, Hindu and Muslim shrines, castles, gardens and forts. The Hindu holy shrines of Amaranth in Kashmir Valley attracts about .4 million Hindu devotees every year. Vaishno Devi also attract thousands of Hindu devotees every year. Jammu's historic monuments feature a unique blend of Islamic and Hindu architecture styles. Tourism forms an integral part of the Kashmiri economy. Often dubbed "Paradise on Earth", Kashmir's mountainous landscape has attracted tourists for centuries. Notable places are Dal Lake, Srinagar Pahalgam, Gulmarg, Yusmarg and Mughal Gardens etc. Kashmir's natural landscape has made it one of the popular destinations for adventure tourism in South Asia. In recent years, Ladakh has emerged as a major hub for adventure tourism. This part of Greater Himalaya called "moon on earth" consists of naked peaks and deep
gorges. Leh, the capital, is also a growing tourist spot.

MUSEUM IN OUR REGION :

SHRI PRATAP SINGH MUSEUM :

The museum collection initially comprised displays of shawls and armory that were obtained from the Tosh Khana. After the reorganization of the Archaeological Department in 1913 under Rai Bhadur Daya Ram Sahni, artifacts excavated at Panderenthan, Parihaspora and Avantipura were first exhibited in the museum. This rich endowment formed one of the major additions to the museums collection. Subsequently, a number of objects, mostly decorative household items, were acquired by the museum from private owners. The museums various artifacts have been tentatively dated on the basis of style, period and material, etc. The collections in the museum fall under the following categories:> Numismatics and Manuscripts > Miniature Paintings > Weapons and Utensils > Musical Instruments

> > > > >

Furniture and Decorative items Textiles and Carpets Items of Leather, Grass and Willow work Sculptures, Tiles and other artifacts excavated in various parts of Kashmir Natural History, Stuffed Birds and Animals..

Decorative arts and crafts, the key collection at the SPS Museum, have around 837 objects in all. It is classified into 21 sub-sections based on the material used to make the object, ranging from enamelware to glassware. Most of the objects in this collection were transferred from the Tosh Khana (treasury) of Shri Pratap Singh in 1899 and from 1907 to 1922, while others were acquired by the museum from private individuals and at auction sales. The majority of the objects are utilitarian; some were probably used in the royal household before being given to the museum. The collection includes objects from different regions: Kashmir, Ladakh, Gilgit and Jammu. However, there do not seem to be any objects that might be attributed to a region outside of the royal kingdom, whether from other parts of India, Europe or Central Asia. There is a handful of ceramic and glassware pieces which were imported from Portugal and China; these are functional rather than art objects and were given to the museum in the early 20th century.

Wooden Jar

Paper Mache Vase

ound 1898 AD when a memorandum was submitted to the then Dogra ruler of the Jammu & Kashmir State, Maharaja Pratap Singh, by his younger brother, General Raja Sir Ama Srinagar to house exhibits and artifacts covering the region of Jammu, Kashmir, Baltistan and Gilgit. The museum was set up in a building belonging to the state at Lal Mandi, S

y Sir John Marshal, the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India. The Accountant General of the state, Mr. Blerjee, served as the first head of the institution. Mr. Bl

of shawls and armory that were obtained from the Tosh Khana. After the reorganization of the Archaeological Department in 1913 under Rai Bhadur Daya Ram Sahni, nd Avantipura were first exhibited in the museum. This rich endowment formed one of the major additions to the museums collection. Subsequently, a number of objects, by the museum from private owners. The museums various artifacts have been tentatively dated on the basis of style, period and material, etc.

ng categories:-

various parts of Kashmir Natural

Ma

TEXTILES IN MUSEUM :
The SPS Museum has a rich collection of 59 kani (twilltapestry) shawls woven from either pashmina or shahtoosh in Kashmir probably from the last quarter of the 18th century to just after the middle of the 19th. It includes long shawls from the period of Afghan rule (17521819), Sikh rule (1819 1846) and the early decades of Dogra rule (which lasted from1846 to 1947). There are also four square shawls which may be from the last years of Afghan rule, and one probably from mid-19th century. No item in the kani collection was woven earlier than about 1780, or later than 186070. The Museum also possesses three outstanding embroidered shawls, [and two unique capes, or sambosas], all in pashmina and probably from later in the 19th century. It should be appreciated that in its original meaning , and in English usage well into the 19th century, the word shawl referred not to a garment but to a fabric. Shawl was twillwoven pashmina, hand-spun and - woven of the finest cashmere from goats bred on the high-altitude transHimalayan plateaux of western Tibet and south-east Ladakh. It could be plain, with no coloured pattern in the weave, intended to be embellished later with the most delicate embroidery; or it could be decorated with designs incorporated in the weave by using, instead of a shuttle, a series of small bobbins (known in Kashmiri as kani, a word now used to identify the entire technique). This semantic quirk explains

Shawl

Shawl

Shawl

Shawl

Shawl

Shawl

Shawl

Shawl

Aksnuma Shawl

why it seems appropriate to include as shawls items like the square kani shawls made in a thick heavy weave, or the embroidered shawls one of which actually takes the form of a map of Srinagarthat were never intended to be worn. In the following inventory of the shawls in the SPS Museum, the attempt has been made to categorize them by period and style, arranging them in roughly chronological order. The dating of shawls is an inexact science, with few objective benchmarks. It is usually attempted on the basis of the researchers understanding of the evolution of design, though this has to be accompanied by a recognition that a given design, or type of design, may well have continued to be used years or decades after its first introduction. An interesting feature of the SPS Museum collection is that the notes on each piece in the Accession Register actually purport to attribute the textiles to particular periods, often referring to the ruler or governor during whose regime the piece was made, and in one case giving an actual date . It has not been possible, however, to find out the basis on which these attributions have been made. Its tempting to assume that, since most of the Museums shawls came from the Toshakhana, or State Treasure-House, the notes in the Accession Register have been copied either from a Toshakhana register, or more likely from labels attached to each textile, some of which have been retained. These labels have the same information as is in the Accessiuon Register; it seems

Sunburnt Shawl

Saddle Cover

Patka

Bed Spread

Sambosa

Box_01

Box_02

Side Shelf

Floor - Vase

Kalam Daan

Hand - Wash Vessel

Hooka Base