I. Introduction: a.

Overview of the Case

A stroke (sometimes called an acute Cerebrovascular attack) is the rapidly developing loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia (lack of glucose and oxygen supply caused by thrombosis or embolism or due to a hemorrhage. As a result, the affected area of the brain is unable to function, leading to inability to move one or more limbs on one side of the body, inability to understand or formulate speech, or inability to see one side of the visual field. A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage, complications, and death. It is the leading cause of adult disability in the United States and Europe. It is the number two cause of death worldwide and may soon become the leading cause of death worldwide. Risk factors for stroke include advanced age, hypertension (high blood pressure), previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking and atrial fibrillation.[4] High blood pressure is the most important modifiable risk factor of stroke. The traditional definition of stroke, devised by the World Health Organization in the 1970s,] is a "neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours". This definition was supposed to reflect the reversibility of tissue damage and was devised for the purpose, with the time frame of 24 hours being chosen arbitrarily. The 24-hour limit divides stroke from transient ischemic attack, which is a related syndrome of stroke symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours. With the availability of treatments that, when given early, can reduce stroke severity, many

now prefer alternative concepts, such as brain attack and acute ischemic Cerebrovascular syndrome (modeled after heart attack and acute coronary syndrome respectively), that reflect the urgency of stroke symptoms and the need to act swiftly.[6] Ischemic stroke In an ischemic stroke, blood supply to part of the brain is decreased, leading to dysfunction of the brain tissue in that area. There are four reasons why this might happen: 1. Thrombosis (obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot forming locally) 2. Embolism (obstruction due to an embolus from elsewhere in the body, see below), 3. Systemic hypoperfusion (general decrease in blood supply, e.g. in shock) 4. Venous thrombosis. Stroke without an obvious explanation is termed "cryptogenic" (of unknown origin); this constitutes 30-40% of all ischemic strokes. There are various classification systems for acute ischemic stroke. The Oxford Community Stroke Project classification (OCSP, also known as the Bamford or Oxford classification) relies primarily on the initial symptoms; based on the extent of the symptoms, the stroke episode is classified as total anterior circulation infarct (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI), lacunar infarct (LACI) or posterior circulation infarct (POCI). These four entities predict the extent of the stroke, the area of the brain affected, the underlying cause, and the prognosis.[11][12] The TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification

is based on clinical symptoms as well as results of further investigations; on this basis, a stroke is classified as being due to (1) thrombosis or embolism due to atherosclerosis of a large artery, (2) embolism of cardiac origin, (3) occlusion of a small blood vessel, (4) other determined cause, (5) undetermined cause (two possible causes, no cause identified, or incomplete investigation).

b. Objective of the Study After 1 hour of Presentation of the case (Cerebrovascular Accident), we, students and audience, will be able to: 1. Acquire knowledge about the disease process. 2. Discuss thoroughly the disease process. 3. Formulate realistic and appropriate nursing care plans. 4. Identify and learn more about the treatment and modalities of the said disease 5. Apply the nursing process and appreciate its significance in nursing practice.

c. Scope and Limitation This study covers about facts related to patients condition. It includes the nature, causes, signs and symptoms, Pathophysiology, prognosis, treatment and the nursing interventions appropriate for his condition. A nursing care plan is also provided which serves as a guide for the interventions to be applied to the patient to aid in recovery and it will also serve as basis for the evaluation of client care outcomes. Health

teachings including referrals were also imparted to the patient and the watcher to ensure his recovery during hospital stay and after discharge. It is limited only to the case of our client. For the completion of this study, some information was taken from significant others. The assessment and so with the interventions rendered to the patient were also limited due to time constraint, with a total of 1week.. Thus, weve supplemented our study with facts from various references.