: == sever encephalitis is most commonly caused by : aHSV-1 bCoxsackie virus cMumps virus dCMV == according to cerebral abscess , all

, all the following are true except : amay follow the direct spread of organism from skull fracture . bthe patient presented with fever and seizure . cthe most common organism causes cerebral abscess is streptococci . dlumbar puncture is performed to diagnose it . == all about neurosyphilis are true except : a+ve CSF serology without symptoms or signs means asymptomatic neurosyphilis : bDemyelination of dorsal roots is called tabes dorsalis . cProgressive dementia occurs in general paralysis of insane . dDecreased intracranial pressure occurs in meningovascular syphilis . == the most common cause of meningitis in elderly is: aNeisseria meningitides. bSubarachnoid haemorrhage . cMycobacterium tuberculosis . dStrept. pneumoniae . == regarding to parathyroid glands , all the following are true except : ahypercalcemia is the usually result of hyperparathyroidism . b60% of plasma calcium is bound to albumin . cPrimary hyperparathyroidism is a physiological response to hypocalcemia . dCalcium level > 3.5 mmol/L is a medical emergency . == the most common cause of hypocalcemia is: aacute renal failure . bchronic renal failure . cacute pancreatitis . dpost-parathyroidectomy . == about UTIs , all are true except : aurethral syndrome presents with dysuria, frequency and bacteriuria. bCommon in women because of shortness of urethra and proximity to anus. cCystitis may be caused by urinary stasis. dDiagnosis depends on finding > 100000 of the same organism /ml in MSU. == regarding to diabetic kidney , all are true except : akidney may be damaged by ascending UTIs.

bACE inhibitors are the treatment of choice . cScreen of microalbuminuria is the most important factor to reduce disease progression . dThe earliest evidence of glumerular damage is microalbuminuria. == concerning to complications of DM, all are true except : afoot problems are major cause of mortality in diabetic patient . bdiabetic kidney is a common cause of DKA. cTB is more common in diabetic individuals. dNecrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is unusual complication of DM. == concerning to complications of DM, all are true except : acardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in patient over 50 . bmicrovascular disease is specific to DM. cmaculopaty is the earliest feature of retinopathy . dpre-proliferative retinopathy is characterized by cotton-wool spots . == regarding to SLE , all the following are true except : ait is the second most common of connective tissue disorders. bMost of visceral lesions are mediated by vascular immune complex deposition. cMost clinical features are due to the consequences of vasculitis . dSkin involvement may be the only feature presented . == on infective arthritis, all are true except : aseptic arthritis is most commonly affected by streptococci. bTuberculous arthritis is caused by haematogenous spread from pulmonary or renal disease. cMeningococcal arthritis is not associated with joint destruction . dGonococcal arthritis is often asymptomatic. 1Regarding dilated cardiomyopathy , which is / are true : a)It may result in mitral stenosis rather than mitral valve regurgitation . b)ECG shows ST-segment elevation in all leads. c)ECHO is needed to assess left ventricular function. d) e)Could be a complication of viral myocarditis. 2Which the following test is/are available , simple and easy to degree of severity in acute pancreatitis : a)serum amylase . b) lipase . c)Lactate dehydrogenase . d)Multifactorial scoring system. e)C-reactive protein .

3The following findings are characteristic of UC: a)distal colon involvement . b)proximal colon involvement . c)patchy involvement of the colon . d)inflammation is restricted to mucosa and submucosa . e)presence of granulomas. 4Ejection systolic murmur may be due to : a)pulmonary stenosis. b)Aortic stenosis. c)Aortic regurgitation . d)Mitral regurgitation. e)Atrial septal defect . 5PUO is common in the following diseases : a)brucellosis . b)disseminated TB. c)Lymphoma. d)Renal cell carcinoma . e) 1The following is/are true about hypertension : a) kidney disease is the commenst cause . b)..