6.

002

CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS

Nonlinear Analysis

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

Review
Discretize matter m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 KVL, KCL, i-v Composition rules Node method Superposition Thvenin, Norton LCA any circuit linear circuits

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

Review
Discretize value Digital abstraction Subcircuits for given switch setting are linear! So, all 5 methods (m1 m5) can be

applied

VS
RL

A =1 B =1

VS
RL

C
A B

C RON RON

SR MOSFET Model

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

Today
Nonlinear Analysis Analytical method based on m1, m2, m3 Graphical method Introduction to incremental analysis

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

How do we analyze nonlinear circuits, for example:

+ vD Hypothetical nonlinear D device (Expo Dweeb )
iD

+ vD -

D
iD iD

iD = aebvD

a
0,0

vD

(Curiously, the device supplies power when vD is negative)

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

Method 1: Analytical Method

Using the node method,
(remember the node method applies for linear or nonlinear circuits)

vD V + iD = 0 R
iD = aebvD

1 2

2 unknowns

2 equations

Solve the equation by trial and error numerical methods

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

Method 2: Graphical Method

Notice: the solution satisfies equations 1 and 2
iD

iD = aebvD vD

iD

V vD 1 iD = R R
1 slope = R
vD

V R

V
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

Combine the two constraints

iD

V 1 R ~ 0 .4 a
~ 0.5

called loadline for reasons you will see later

vD

V 1 vD = 0.5V iD = 0.4 A

e.g.

V =1 R =1 1 a= 4 b =1

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

Method 3: Incremental Analysis

Motivation: music over a light beam Can we pull this off?
iD vI (t ) +

+ vD LED light intensity I D iD vI music signal

iR

AMP
iR I R light intensity IR in photoreceiver
LED: Light Emitting expoDweep

vI (t )

iD (t )

light

iR (t )

sound

nonlinear

linear problem! will result in distortion

Lecture 6

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Problem:

The LED is nonlinear

iD

distortion
iD

t
vD t

vD vD = vI

iD

vD t

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6

If only it were linear

iD iD

vD

vD t

it wouldve been ok.

What do we do? Zen is the answer next lecture!

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000

Lecture 6